The opinion
Not for Publication
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
YVONNE RAMOS,
Plaintiff,
Civil Action No. 19-17404 (ES) (ESK)
v.
OPINION
THE DERMOTOLOGY GROUP,
Defendant.
SALAS, DISTRICT JUDGE
Before the Court is plaintiff Yvonne Ramos’s (“Plaintiff”) letter filed on May 4, 2021,
regarding Plaintiff’s complaint against defendant The Dermatology Group (“Defendant”) for its
disability discrimination violations under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”),
and the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination (“NJLAD”). (See D.E. No. 9; D.E. No. 1
(“Complaint” or “Compl.”)). The Court treats Plaintiff’s May 4, 2021 letter as a renewed motion
for default judgment. (D.E. No. 9 (“Motion”)). The Court decides this matter without oral
argument. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 78(b); L. Civ. R. 78.1(b). For the reasons set forth below, Plaintiff’s
Motion is DENIED.
I. BACKGROUND
The Court detailed Plaintiff’s factual allegations in its Order dated April 16, 2021, and thus
will not repeat those allegations to such full extent herein. (See D.E. No. 8 (“April 2021 Letter
Order”). To briefly summarize, Plaintiff worked for Defendant from 2003 to January 2018,1
1 Plaintiff previously worked for The Dermatology and Laser Group, which was purchased by Defendant on
July 1, 2015. (Compl. ¶ 25).
during which time her job duties expanded from being a patient service representative and office
manager at Defendant’s Livingston location to also being responsible for office management and
billing at Defendant’s other locations. (Compl. ¶¶ 20 & 25–30). Plaintiff alleges that her workload
eventually became “excessive and unreasonable,” which “exacerbated symptoms of Plaintiff’s
stomach ulcers.” (Id. ¶ 31). In early January 2018, Plaintiff made a request to step down from her
role as office manager. (Id. ¶ 32). According to Plaintiff, Defendant’s employee essentially
ignored Plaintiff’s request. (Id. ¶ 33). On January 24, 2018, Plaintiff made another request to step
down as officer manager because of her health. (Id. ¶ 34). Two days later, on January 26, 2018,
Plaintiff was terminated for “not fulfilling her role.” (Id. ¶ 37). Accordingly, Plaintiff alleges that
Defendant unlawfully terminated her “due to her disability of peptic ulcers.” (Id. ¶¶ 38–39).
Defendant has not appeared nor submitted any pleading before the Court.
After Plaintiff filed a request for an entry of default, the Court issued a Letter Order
notifying Plaintiff of the legal standard and the various factors the Court must consider before
granting any default judgment. (D.E. No. 6 (“June 2020 Letter Order”)). The Court also informed
Plaintiff that, to the extent she wishes to seek default judgment, she must submit a brief specifically
addressing the legal standard and the relevant factors. (Id.). Plaintiff subsequently filed a motion
for default judgment, which fell woefully short of meeting the standard required to obtain a default
judgment. (D.E. No. 7). On April 16, 2021, the Court issued a Letter Order again setting forth the
requisite legal standard and specifically identifying several exemplary issues, such as certain
pleading and service deficiencies. (April 2021 Letter Order). The Court thus denied Plaintiff’s
first motion for default judgment and, given the nature of the various deficiencies, many of which
may not be curable through further briefing, the Court permitted Plaintiff to file a letter specifying
how she intended to proceed further. (Id.). That is, whether Plaintiff intended to amend her
complaint and re-serve Defendant. On May 4, 2021, Plaintiff filed the instant Motion, which
purports to address the deficiencies the Court identified in its April 2021 Letter Order.
II. DISCUSSION
As outlined in the Court’s prior Letter Orders, before entering default judgment, the Court
must assess jurisdiction, service of process, the sufficiency of cause of action as stated, and the
propriety of granting a default judgment. (See June 2020 Letter Order; April 2021 Letter Order).
Because the Court finds that Plaintiff fails to show sufficient proof of service and because she fails
to explain how she has sufficiently stated any cause of action, it will deny the motion. However,
the Court will deny the Motion without prejudice and, as set out more explicitly below, allow
Plaintiff one final opportunity to proceed with her claims.
A. Service of Process2
As the Court identified in its April 2021 Letter Order, Plaintiff failed to establish that
process was properly served on Defendant when a copy of the Complaint and the summons were
served on Nathan McBrayer, “the interim CFO for Defendant.” (April 2021 Letter Order at 3).
Specifically, the Court pointed out that Plaintiff failed to provide any legal basis to support that
service on an “interim CFO” satisfies the requirements under the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
4(h)(1)(B). (Id.). In her Motion, Plaintiff argues that “process may be served under Rule
4(c)(2)(C)(i), (hereinafter ‘state-law service provision’), which permits service of process in
accordance with state law.” (Motion at 1). Plaintiff then cites to Pennsylvania Rules of Civil
Procedure and summarily argues, with no case law support, that service “was proper under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 4(c)(2)(C)(i)” because “Mr. McBrayer was an officer, partner,
2 As discussed above, the Court has repeatedly set forth the legal standard applicable to Plaintiff’s motion for
default judgment in its June 2020 Letter Order and April 2021 Letter Order and therefore will skip to the legal analysis
in this Opinion. (See D.E. Nos. 6 & 8).
manager, trustee, managing or general agent of Defendant.” (Id.). There is no “Rule 4(c)(2)(C)(i)”
in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure are
inapplicable to the instant matter. Plaintiff’s entire argument regarding service of process is thus
based on incorrect legal authority.
The applicable rules governing service of process for corporations are Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 4(h) and New Jersey Court Rule 4:4-4(a)(6). More specifically, Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 4(h)(1)(B) provides that service on a corporation, partnership, or association may be
achieved in the following way:
by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an
officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized
by appointment or by law to receive service of process and—[i]f the
agent is one authorized by statute and the statute so requires—by
also mailing a copy of each to the defendant.
Alternatively, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h)(1)(A) allows for service pursuant to New
Jersey state law. The pertinent part of the New Jersey Court Rules provides that service upon a
corporation can be made as follows:
by serving a copy of the summons and complaint in the manner
prescribed by paragraph (a)(1) of this rule on any officer, director,
trustee or managing or general agent, or any person authorized by
appointment or by law to receive service of process on behalf of the
corporation, or on a person at the registered office of the corporation
in charge thereof, or, if service cannot be made on any of those
persons, then on a person at the principal place of business of the
corporation in this State in charge thereof, or if there is no place of
business in this State, then on any employee of the corporation
within this State acting in the discharge of his or her duties,
provided, however, that a foreign corporation may be served only as
herein prescribed subject to due process of law.
N.J. Ct. R. 4:4-4(a)(6). Thus, while the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and New Jersey Court
Rules both permit service on officers, managing agents, and general agents, New Jersey law
governing service on corporations is much broader.
Here, personal service was made on Mr. Nathan McBrayer, “the interim CFO for
Defendant, at Defendant’s corporate headquarters.” (Motion at 1). The issue before the Court is
whether Mr. McBrayer, as an interim or temporary employee in this position, could properly
receive service. Whether an individual is a managing or general agent “depends on a factual
analysis of that person’s authority within the organization. One occupying this position typically
will perform duties which are sufficiently necessary to the corporation’s operations. He should be
a responsible party in charge of any substantial phase of the corporation’s activity.” Gottlieb v.
Sandia Am. Corp., 452 F.2d 510, 513 (3d Cir. 1971) (internal citations omitted). The Court
recognizes the CFO in any business typically “perform[s] duties which are sufficiently necessary
to the corporation’s operations,” and therefore, it could be fair and just to imply a CFO’s ability to
receive process. The issue, then, is whether Mr. McBrayer’s interim status affects his authority
within Defendant’s organization. See Douglas v. Univ. of Ky. Hosp., No. 2006-2149, 2008 WL
2152209, at *5 (Ky. Ct. App. May 23, 2008) (holding that service was improper on a temporary
employee who was not designated as the defendant’s agent); Bober v. Kovitz, Shifrin, Nesbit, No.
03-9393, 2005 WL 2271861, at *6 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 14, 2005) (finding that service on a temporary
executive administrative assistant was improper because, as someone “who had spent only a short
period of time at her position,” the employee “was not a person likely to know the import of the
service of legal process or what her responsibilities to the corporation would be in regards
thereto”). Merely stating, as Plaintiff does, that “Mr. McBrayer was an officer, partner, manager,
trustee, managing or general agent of Defendant” is thus an inadequate explanation of McBrayer’s
authority to accept service. (See Motion at 1). Plaintiff must specifically address this issue with
sufficient factual and legal support.3
3 To the extent that Plaintiff relies on New Jersey law, which allows service “on a person at the principal place
of business of the corporation,” Plaintiff shall also provide factual and legal basis to support that: (i) service cannot be
If Plaintiff decides that she can provide sufficient factual and legal grounds to support that
Mr. McBrayer was an appropriate individual to receive service on behalf of Defendant, Plaintiff
must include those facts and applicable case law in any subsequent renewed motion requesting
default judgment. The Court again reminds Plaintiff that this is the third and final time the Court
will be identifying the appropriate legal standards for Plaintiff, and Plaintiff will not be permitted
another attempt at meeting her required burden.4
B. Sufficiency of the Causes of Action
Plaintiff asserts the following causes of action: (i) retaliatory termination under the ADA;
made on any of the persons identified under New Jersey Court Rule 4:4-4(a)(6); and (ii) Defendant’s “corporate
headquarters” is its principal place of business. See N.J. Ct. R. 4:4-4(a)(6).
4 The record also indicates that Defendant was not timely served. Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m),
a defendant must be served “within 90 days after the complaint is filed.” Here, Plaintiff filed her Complaint on August
29, 2019. (Compl.). Plaintiff first attempted to serve Defendant two months later on October 30, 2019, when she
mailed a copy of the Complaint and a waiver of service, without the summons, to Osato Chitou, Defendant’s Chief
Legal and Compliance Officer, at Defendant’s “corporate address.” (Motion at 1; D.E. No. 5-3, Exhibit C). Because
Defendant did not waive service nor respond to Plaintiff’s letter, Plaintiff’s service attempt conducted in October 2019
was unsuccessful. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4; N.J. Ct. R. 4:4-3. Plaintiff then served Mr. McBrayer on December 6, 2019.
(Motion at 1). At that point, Plaintiff had missed the 90-day timeframe, which ended on November 27, 2019.
When service is untimely, the Court—“on motion or on its own after notice to the plaintiff—must dismiss
the action without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made within a specified time.” Fed. R.
Civ. P. 4(m). Rule 4(m) requires “a court to extend time if good cause is shown and [allows] a court discretion to
dismiss or extend time absent a showing of good cause.” MCI Telecomms. Corp. v. Teleconcepts, Inc., 71 F.3d 1086,
1098 (3d Cir. 1995) (quoting Petrucelli v. Bohringer & Ratzinger, 46 F.3d 1298, 1305 (3d Cir.1995)). In exercising
its discretion to extend time for service retroactively where good cause is not shown, a district court may consider
factors such as: (i) actual notice of the legal action; (ii) prejudice to the defendant; (ii) the statute of limitations on the
underlying causes of action; (iv) the conduct of the defendant; (v) whether the plaintiff is represented by counsel, and
(vi) any other factor that maybe relevant.” Chiang v. U.S. Small Bus. Admin., 331 F. App’x 113, 116 (3d Cir. 2009).
Plaintiff here does not even acknowledge that service was untimely, much less make a showing of good cause
for the failure. Nevertheless, the Court elects to use its discretion to extend the time for service by nine days to
December 6, 2019, when Mr. McBrayer was served. In so doing, the Court assumes for purposes of this Motion, but
does not find, that service to Defendant through Mr. McBrayer was proper and that Defendant has had actual notice
of the legal action. At this point, Plaintiff’s claims would be barred by the statute of limitations if the time for service
is not extended. See Gifford v. City of Jersey City, No. 18-5422, 2019 WL 1579520, at *5 (D.N.J. Apr. 12, 2019)
(collecting cases and holding that claims under the ADA and NJLAD are subject to a two-year statute of limitations).
Assuming that Defendant has had notice of this lawsuit but chose not to respond, and given that Plaintiff attempted to
serve Defendant within the 90-days timeframe and ultimately missed the deadline by just nine days, the Court will
exercise its discretion under Rule 4(m) and retroactively enlarge the time to serve to December 6, 2019.
To be clear, however, the Court’s willingness to extend time for service does not relieve Plaintiff from her
obligation to address the issues surrounding Mr. McBrayer’s authority to receive service, as discussed above.
(ii) disparate treatment under the ADA; (iii) failure to make reasonable accommodations under the
ADA; (iv) retaliatory termination under NJLAD; (v) disparate treatment under NJLAD; and (vi)
failure to make reasonable accommodations under NJLAD. (See generally Compl.; Motion at 2).
This Court has twice asked Plaintiff to address whether and how the Complaint sufficiently alleges
legitimate causes of action such that her motion for default judgment should be granted. (See D.E.
Nos. 6 & 8). In her initial motion, Plaintiff stated in a conclusory manner that “[she] has clearly
set forth the following causes of action against the Defendant.” (D.E. No. 7-2 at 2). The Court’s
April 2021 Letter Order reiterated that “[w]ithout so much as stating the elements of her claims”
and “pointing to factual allegations supporting each element,” Plaintiff did not show that she
sufficiently stated the alleged causes of action. (April 2021 Letter Order at 3).
In her instant Motion, while Plaintiff now organizes her factual allegations under general
headings for each claim, she still does not identify the specific elements for her alleged causes of
action under the ADA and NJLAD, nor has Plaintiff explained how the facts as alleged in the
Complaint make her claims facially plausible. (See Motion at 2–3). To be clear, for purposes of
pleading sufficiency, the Court need not conduct “a point-by-point consideration of the elements
of a prima facie case” of the claims. Connelly v. Lane Const. Corp., 809 F.3d 780, 789 (3d Cir.
2016) (quoting Phillips v. Cty. of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 234 (3d Cir. 2008)). But Plaintiff must
allege “enough facts to raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will reveal evidence of the
necessary element[s].” Id. Because Plaintiff repeatedly disregards the Court’s directive to identify
the necessary elements of her Federal and State claims, as well as the pertinent factual support as
alleged in the Complaint, Plaintiff’s Motion must be denied for this additional reason.5
5 By way of example, to assert a claim of disparate treatment under the ADA, Plaintiff must allege that she: (i)
is disabled within the meaning of the ADA; (ii) can perform the essential functions of her job with or without
reasonable accommodations; and (iii) suffered an adverse employment action as a result of [her] discrimination based
on [her] disability. Shaner v. Synthes, 204 F.3d 494, 500 (3d Cir. 2000)). To plead a claim of failure to accommodate,
C. Damages
As with other portions of the Motion, the Court has twice directed Plaintiff to provide
evidence to support the adequacy of her damages request; Plaintiff ignored the Court’s Orders both
times. In particular, the Court put Plaintiff on notice in its June 2020 Letter Order that, unlike with
factual allegations, “[a] court does not accept as true allegations pertaining to the amount of
damages.” (June 2020 Letter Order at 1). When Plaintiff did not so much as make an allegation
of her damages amount, the Court, in its April 2021 Letter Order, specifically informed Plaintiff
that she must raise arguments “and submit supporting evidence regarding her damages, or risk
waiving the issue.” (See April 2021 Letter Order at 4 (emphasis added)); see also Fed. R. Civ. P.
55(b)(2); Davis v. Comm’r Soc. Sec., 849 F. App’x 354, 359 (3d Cir. 2021); Days Inns Worldwide,
Inc. v. Panchal, No. 15-1459, 2015 WL 5055318, at *2 (D.N.J. Aug. 25, 2015). However, in the
instant Motion, Plaintiff merely includes a calculation of her wage loss, which allegedly totals
a plaintiff must allege that “(1) [s]he was disabled and h[er] employer knew it; (2) [s]he requested an accommodation
or assistance; (3) [her] employer did not make a good faith effort to assist; and (4) [s]he could have been reasonably
accommodated.” Capps v. Mondelez Glob., LLC, 847 F.3d 144, 157 (3d Cir. 2017) (quoting Armstrong v. Burdette
Tomlin Mem’l Hosp., 438 F.3d 240, 246 (3d Cir. 2006)). Accordingly, both claims under the ADA require Plaintiff
to plead sufficient facts to support that she qualifies as a person with a disability, which in turn requires Plaintiff to
allege that: (i) she suffers from a physical or mental impairment; (ii) that impairment limits a major life activity; and
(iii) the limitation is substantial. 42 U.S.C. § 12102(1)(A).
It is unclear how Plaintiff’s peptic ulcer, as alleged, substantially limits her major life activities. The
Complaint merely states that “the major life activities affected by peptic ulcers include, but are not limited to,
performing manual tasks, eating, sleeping, concentrating, and working.” (Compl. ¶ 24). Not only must the Court
disregard such conclusory statements under Rule 12(b)(6), James v. City of Wilkes-Barre, 700 F.3d 675, 681 (3d Cir.
2012), but also this allegation does not address how peptic ulcers affected Plaintiff’s life activities at all. Furthermore,
while Plaintiff alleges that peptic ulcers affected her work, which led to her request for accommodation, she also
alleges that “[a]t the time of her termination, Plaintiff had been working for the practice for approximately fifteen (15)
years and had always fulfilled her job duties and performed well.” (Motion at 2 (citing Compl. ¶ 38)). It is not
apparent whether Plaintiff alleges that the major life activity affected by her peptic ulcer was working, and, if so, how
such an allegation can be squared with her allegation that she “fulfilled her job duties and performed well.” See Leone
v. N. Jersey Orthopaedic Specialists, P.A., No. 11-3957, 2012 WL 1535198, at *4 (D.N.J. Apr. 27, 2012) (“If
Plaintiff’s alleged ‘major life activity’ is working, then her allegation—that she is and was ‘fully capable of performing
all aspects of her job’—directly contradicts the theory that [p]laintiff’s [alleged disability] ‘substantially affected’ her
ability to engage in the major life activity at issue.”). Thus, it is doubtful whether the Complaint sufficiently alleges
facts to raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will reveal evidence that Plaintiff is disabled within the meaning
of the ADA. See Connelly, 809 F.3d at 789.
$9,760,6 and an unspecified amount of medical bills resulting from her termination. (Motion at
4). Plaintiff still has not provided any evidence to support her alleged damages. Plaintiff is put
on notice for the last time that the Court must “conduct an inquiry in order to ascertain the amount
of damages with reasonable certainty.” Belmonte v. Spitzer, No. 09-4715, 2010 WL 2195651, at
*1 (D.N.J. May 27, 2010) (quoting Credit Lyonnais Secs. (USA), Inc. v. Alcantara, 183 F.3d 151,
155 (2d Cir. 1999)). That is, even if Plaintiff prevails on default, “she is not automatically entitled
to the damages [she] originally demanded.” Rainey v. Diamond State Port Corp., 354 F. App’x.
722, 724 (3d Cir. 2009) (citing Comdyne I, Inc. v. Corbin, 908 F.2d 1142, 1149 (3d Cir.1990)).
Rather, Plaintiff must prove that she is entitled to damages as defaults are only treated as
“admissions of the facts alleged.” Id.
Accordingly, with any renewed motion for default judgment, Plaintiff must submit
sufficient evidence, such as her pay stubs, to show her annual or weekly salary at The Dermatology
Group, as well as evidence to show her subsequent salary at SKC Dermatology and Corederm. To
the extent Plaintiff intends to seek recovery for her medical expenses, she must also submit
evidence showing the amount of money she paid for her medical needs.
III. CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, Plaintiff’s Motion is DENIED without prejudice. Plaintiff has had
ample opportunities to address the deficiencies discussed herein, but the Motion remains woefully
short of meeting the applicable standards to obtain a default judgment. The Court will, however,
allow Plaintiff one final attempt to meet her required burden. If Plaintiff wishes to file a third
motion for default judgment, she must address the sufficiency of service with legal and factual
6 The Court notes that Plaintiff’s math is incorrect. Plaintiff alleges that, since her termination, she worked at
Corederm as a receptionist from February 28, 2018, through April 2021 and made about $1,100.00 a week. (Motion
at 4). Based on a weekly loss of $23 for 164 weeks, her total loss equals $3,772, as opposed to $4,772, as Plaintiff
asserts.
support, identify all applicable elements for each of the six asserted causes of action, identify the
factual underpinnings, as alleged in the Complaint, supporting the asserted claims, and submit any
evidence to support her damages claims. Alternatively, Plaintiff has the option to address the
sufficiency of service, drop any insufficiently pleaded claims, address the sufficiency of the
remaining causes of action, and submit proper evidence for her damages claims. To the extent that
Plaintiff intends to file an amended complaint to address any pleading and service deficiencies,
she must file a motion in accordance with this Court’s Local Civil Rules, including Rules 7.1 and
15.1. If the motion to amend the complaint is granted, Plaintiff must re-serve Defendant.
Regardless of how Plaintiff plans to proceed, any continuing failure to cure the deficiencies
identified by the Court will result in a ruling against Plaintiff and, when proper, a closure of her
case. An appropriate Order accompanies this Opinion.
Date: September 20, 2021
s/ Esther Salas
Esther Salas, U.S.D.J.