The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI
EASTERN DIVISION
PAINTERS DISTRICT )
COUNCIL NO. 58, et al., )
)
)
Plaintiffs, ) No. 4:23-CV-711 RLW
)
v. )
)
ARMOR COATINGS, INC., et al., )
)
Defendants. )
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on Plaintiffs’ Motion for the Entry of Full Default Judgment.
(ECF No. 17). Plaintiffs brought this action against Defendant Armor Coatings, Inc. (“Armor”) under
§ 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act (“LMRA”), 29 U.S.C. § 185, and § 502 of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), as amended, 29 U.S.C. §1132.
Plaintiffs also bring claims against Michelle Baker and Dennis Baker for breach of a personal
guarantee. Plaintiffs seek judgment against the defendants for delinquent contributions and liquated
damages pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement and the guarantee, plus attorneys’ fees, and
costs.
Defendant Armor was served with copies of the Summons and Complaint on June 5, 2023.
On June 14, 2023, Defendants Michelle Baker and Dennis Baker were served with copies of the
Summons and Complaint. The three Defendants did not file an answer or otherwise respond to the
Complaint. On June 29, 2023, the Clerk of Court entered default against Armor, pursuant to Rule
55(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. On July 7, 2023, the Clerk of Court entered default
against Michelle Baker and Dennis Baker. Plaintiffs move, pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(b)(2), for
the entry of default judgment against the three Defendants. Plaintiffs filed with their motion a
memorandum in support and supporting affidavits.
I. Legal Standard
Default judgments are not favored in the law, U.S. ex rel. Time Equip. Rental & Sales, Inc. v.
Harre, 983 F.2d 128, 130 (8th Cir. 1993), and their entry is discretionary. See Taylor v. City of
Ballwin, Mo., 859 F.2d 1330, 1332 (8th Cir. 1988). “There is a judicial preference for adjudication on
the merits. Oberstar v. F.D.I.C., 987 F.2d 494, 504 (8th Cir. 1993). Entry of default judgment
pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 55 is appropriate only if there is a “clear record of delay or contumacious
conduct.” Taylor, 859 F.2d at 1332 (quoted case omitted). Even when a defendant is technically in
default and all of the requirements for a default judgment are satisfied, a plaintiff is not entitled to
default judgment as a matter of right. 10 James Wm. Moore, et al., Moore’s Federal Practice § 55.31[1]
(3d ed. 2022); Taylor, 859 F.2d at 1332.
An entry of default from the Clerk of the Court pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a) is a prerequisite
to the grant of a default judgment under Rule 55(b). Johnson v. Dayton Elec. Mfg. Co., 140 F.3d
781, 783 (8th Cir. 1998). “A default judgment by the court binds the party facing the default as having
admitted all of the well pleaded allegations in the plaintiff’s complaint.” Angelo Iafrate Const., LLC
v. Potashnick Const., Inc., 370 F.3d 715, 722 (8th Cir. 2004) (citing Taylor, 859 F.2d at 1333 n.7).
Where default has been entered, the “allegations of the complaint, except as to the amount of damages
are taken as true.” Brown v. Kenron Aluminum & Glass Corp., 477 F.2d 526, 531 (8th Cir. 1973).
If the damages claim is indefinite or uncertain, the amount of damages must be proved in a
supplemental hearing or proceeding to a reasonable degree of certainty. Everyday Learning Corp. v.
Larson, 242 F.3d 815, 818–19 (8th Cir. 2001).
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III. Discussion
A. Factual Allegations in the Complaint
The Court takes the allegations Plaintiffs make in their Complaint as true, except for those
allegations as to the amount of damages. Painters District Council No. 58 (“Painters”) is a labor
organization within the meaning of § 2(5) of the National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA”), 29 U.S.C.
§152(5), representing employees in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of § 301 of
the LMRA, 29 U.S.C. §185, and is an employee organization within the meaning of § 3(4) of ERISA,
29 U.S.C. §1002(4).
Plaintiffs St. Louis Painters Pension Trust (f/k/a Painters District Council No. 2 Pension Trust),
St. Louis Painters Welfare Trust (f/k/a Painters District Council No. 2 Welfare Trust), St. Louis
Painters Vacation Trust (f/k/a Painters District Council No. 2 Vacation Trust), and Finishing Trades
Institute of Midwest Trust (together referred to hereinafter as “Painters Fringe Benefit Funds”) are
employee benefit plans within the meaning of 29 U.S.C. §§ 1002(3) and 1132(d)(1). Painters Fringe
Benefit Funds are also multiemployer plans under 29 U.S.C. § 1002(37)(A). Plaintiffs Carl Farrell,
Richard Lucks, Daniel Wienstroer, Tim Niedringhaus, Tim Wies, Joseph Mueller, Walter Bazan, Jr.,
Don Thomas, Mark Borgmann, Joseph Keipp, Otto Schoenburg, Michael Smith, Adam Moore, and
Andy Runzi are the duly designated and acting trustees of the Painters Fringe Benefit Funds and are
fiduciaries within the meaning of 29 U.S.C. §§1002(21)(A).
Armor is an employer within the meaning of 29 U.S.C. §§ § 185, 1002(5) and 1145. Armor
is signatory to and/or bound by a collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”) with the Painters. Under
the terms of the CBA, Armor was to submit fringe benefits, dues remissions and contributions to the
Labor Management Cooperation Fund. Armor was also to make weekly reports on all bargaining
unit employees in its employ showing the number of hours worked and contributions due on its
bargaining unit employees at the rate and manner specified in the CBA and Trust documents. Armor
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has neither filed reports evidencing all hours worked nor made all required contributions or remitted
all dues lawfully deducted or that should have been lawfully deducted.
On or about October 17, 2012, Michelle Baker and Dennis Baker, signed a document titled
Guarantee of Payment of Wages, Dues Remissions, Fringe Benefit Contributions and Other
Miscellaneous Payments (the “Guarantee”). The Guarantee provided the following:
The undersigned owner(s) of the Company guarantee(s) the payment of all amounts
due the Union, members of the Union employed by the Company, and the Trustee of
the various Trust Funds, pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement between the
Company and the Union and any subsequent collective bargaining agreement, whether
those amounts become due before or after the date of this guaranty. The owner(s) of
the Company also guarantee(s) the payment of all damages, costs, fees and expenses
which the Union, the members of the Union employed by the Company or the Trustees
of the Trust Funds may be entitled to recover from the Company pursuant to the
collective bargaining agreement or under any local, state, or federal law.
(ECF No. 1 at 9). Plaintiffs allege they have performed all conditions precedent that the Guarantee
requires of them, but that Michelle Baker and Dennis Baker have failed and continue to fail to act
under their obligations created by the Guarantee.
Under the facts as alleged in the Complaint, the Court finds Plaintiffs are entitled to default
judgment against the defendants. Armor failed to remit regular fringe benefit payment obligations
pursuant to the CBA and Trust documents, and Michelle Baker and Dennis Baker made personal
guarantees on the money owed. Contractors, Laborers, Teamsters & Engineers Health & Welfare
Plan v. Hroch, 757 F.2d 184 (8th Cir. 1985); Landy Packing Co. v. Amalgamated Meat Cutters &
Food Handlers of N. Am., AFL-CIO, Dist. Loc. 653-653A, 471 F. Supp. 1218 (D. Minn. 1979),
enforced, 627 F.2d 881 (8th Cir. 1980).
B. Damages and Fees
Pursuant to ERISA, Section 502(g)(2), “In any action under this title by a fiduciary for or on
behalf of a plan to enforce Section 515 in which a judgment in favor of the plan is awarded, the court
shall award the plan – (a) the unpaid contributions; (b) interest on the unpaid contributions (c) an
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amount equal to the greater of (1) interest on the unpaid contributions, or (2) liquidated damages
provided for under the plan in an amount not in excess of 20% (or such higher percentage as may be
permitted under Federal or State law) of the amounts determined by the court under subparagraph (a);
(d) reasonable attorney’s fees and costs of the action, to be paid by the defendant; and, (3) such other
legal or equitable relief as the court deems appropriate.” 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g)(2).
In their motion for default judgment, Plaintiffs seek “known damages” and “presumed
damages.” As to known damages, Plaintiffs seek $1,475.22 in contributions and $295.04 in
liquidated damages for the week ending February 18, 2023. For the weeks ending October 8, 2022
through February 4, 2023, and the week ending March 25, 2023, Plaintiffs seek $822.56 in unpaid
contributions and $164.51 in liquidated damages. Plaintiffs filed an affidavit in support of their
request for known damages. The Court has reviewed the affidavit and finds it supports Plaintiffs’ claim
for known damages and will award this amount.
As for presumed damages, Plaintiffs seek $28,231.30 in unpaid contributions and $5,646.26 in
liquidated damages for 18 weeks – the week ending April 1, 2023 through the week ending July 29,
2023. Plaintiffs’ damage calculations for this period are not based on records but are based on
presumptions, as the last week Armor submitted a weekly fringe benefit report to Plaintiffs was the
week ending March 25, 2023. (ECF No. 18, Ex. 1 at 2, ¶ 9). In their damage calculations, Plaintiffs
presumed Armor had two employees during this time period, who each worked 40 hours a week.
According to Plaintiffs, under Section 15 of the CBA there is a provision that states, “there
shall be a rebuttable presumption that any employee who worked for an Employer within particular
weekly pay period worked a total of 40 hours in such pay period for such Employer.”1 (ECF No. 18
1Plaintiffs did not provide the Court with a copy of the CBA. In support of this assertion,
Plaintiffs refer to “Ex. 1 at 17.” (ECF No. 18 at 4). Exhibit 1, which is attached to Plaintiffs’
memorandum in support of their motion, is the Affidavit of Andrew Rettig, not the CBA.
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at 4). Even if the Court were to rely on this presumption, there is no evidence as to how many
employees worked for Armor from the week ending April 1, 2023 through the week ending July 29,
2023. Plaintiffs assert in their memorandum that Armor “employed two employees for a presumed
weekly total of 40 hours each or 80 hours.” (ECF No. 18 at 4.) In support of this assertion,
Plaintiffs cite to Andrew Rettig’s Affidavit. Mr. Rettig, a Contribution Specialist, attests he has
personal knowledge that Armor employed two employees for the weeks ending February 4, 2023,
February 18, 2023, and March 25, 2023.2 Mr. Rettig makes no attestation, however, as to the number
of employees Armor employed during the week ending April 1, 2023 through the week ending July
29, 2023, and Plaintiffs point to no other evidence that would shed light on this issue. Based on the
record before it, the Court finds Plaintiffs request for presumed damages has not been proven to a
reasonable degree of certainty. Plaintiffs have failed to establish Armor employed two employees
for 18 weeks – from the week ending April 1, 2023 through the week ending July 29, 2023. The
Court denies Plaintiffs’ request for presumed damages.3
Finally, Plaintiffs request $3,959.94 in attorneys’ fees and $763.80 in costs. In support of their
request, Plaintiffs attach the affidavit of attorney Daniel J. Sparks. Mr. Sparks attests that Plaintiffs
have incurred attorneys’ fees in the amount of $3,959.94 at a rate of $220.00 an hour, and costs in the
amount of $763.80. (ECF No. 18, Ex. 2 at 2). Based on the evidence presented, the Court finds that
the services performed by Plaintiffs’ attorney were reasonable and necessary to the litigation of this
2Mr. Rettig identifies the employees as Dennis M. Baker and Dennis L. Baker. It is not clear
from the record whether one of these individuals is Defendant Dennis Baker, who is alleged to be an
owner of Armor.
3Plaintiffs’ memorandum in support of their motion is entitled “Memorandum in Support of
Plaintiffs’ Motion for Entry of Default Judgment and Accounting.” (ECF No. 18 at 1). However,
Plaintiffs have not moved for an accounting. In their motion, Plaintiffs move for the entry of “full
default judgment.” (ECF No. 17 at 1).
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case, that the rate charged and the amount sought for attorneys’ fees are reasonable. The Court also
finds Plaintiffs are entitled to their costs.
Accordingly,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ Motion for Full Default Judgment is
GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. The Motion is GRANTED to the extent that the Court
awards Plaintiffs their “known damages,” in addition to attorneys’ fees and costs. In all other
respects, the motion is DENIED. [ECF No. 17].
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs are entitled to default judgment against
Defendants Armor Coatings, Inc., Michelle Baker, and Dennis Baker in the amount of Two
Thousand Two Hundred Ninety-Seven Dollars and Seventy-Eight Cents ($2,297.78) for
contributions due, Four Hundred Fifty-Nine Dollars and Fifty-Five Cents ($459.55) in liquidated
damages pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 1132 (g) (2), for a total of Two Thousand Seven Hundred Fifty-
Seven Dollars and Thirty-Three Cents ($2,757.33), plus an amount of Three Thousand Nine
Hundred Fifty-Nine Dollars and Ninety-Four Cents ($3,959.94) for attorneys’ fees and for costs
in the amount of Seven Hundred Sixty-Three Dollars and Eighty Cents ($763.80) for a total of
Seven Thousand Four Hundred Eighty-One Dollars and Seven Cents ($7,481.07), together with
post judgment interest as allowed by law.
A separate Default Judgment shall accompany this Memorandum and Order.
RONNIE L. WHITE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
Dated this _4th_ day of December, 2023.