“not every push or shove, even if it may later seem unnecessary in the peace of a judge’s chambers, violates a prisoner’s constitutional rights.”
How later courts described this case
- “not every push or shove, even if it may later seem unnecessary in the peace of a judge’s chambers, violates a prisoner’s constitutional rights.”
- stating that court must accept factual allegations in complaint as true but is not required to “accept as true any legal conclusion couched as a factual allegation”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI
EASTERN DIVISION
RONNIE EUGENE BRIGGS, JR., )
)
Plaintiff(s), )
)
v. ) Case No. 4:21-cv-01200-SRC
)
CO1 WILLIAM JONES, et al., )
)
Defendant(s). )
Memorandum and Order
This matter comes before the Court on review of plaintiff Ronne Eugene Briggs, Jr.’s
complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Plaintiff paid the full filing fee on November 5, 2021.
For the reasons discussed below, the Court finds that plaintiff’s excessive-force claims against
defendants are sufficient for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1915A review.
Plaintiff’s Complaint
Plaintiff brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging violations of his civil rights
during his incarceration at Potosi Correctional Center (PCC). He filed his complaint on October 8,
2021, against the following defendants: Sergeant Michael Thomson; Correctional Officer William
Jones; Correctional Officer Caleb Farris; and Sergeant Ethan Jones. Plaintiff sues defendants in their
individual capacities only.
Plaintiff asserts that on March 31, 2021, he was in 3 house B unit sallyport “yard” area,
when he was subjected to the use of force by defendants Thomson, Farris, William Jones and Ethan
Jones. The details set forth in his “Statement of Claim” within the body of his complaint are
somewhat vague. However, plaintiff has attached, and the Court has considered, a full statement of
the alleged incident in the Informal Resolution Request (IRR) he filed on April 9, 2021, at PCC,
which he has attached to his complaint. See Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 10(c).
Plaintiff alleges that the following occurred prior to the alleged incident with defendants:
On the above date and time Sgt. Thomson was in the bubble when I entered the sally
port to inquire about a pair of fleece pants that he never gave me a property removal
sheet while I was previously on dis-seg within housing unit 2C cell 1 with inmate
Ronnie Allen. I told Sgt. Thomson, “Go get my fleece pants from 2 house closet that
you never put in my property, because you were the one who stripped me out and took
them from me.”
Sgt. Thomson tells me, “I don’t have to do shit. Do you know how many inmates come
down to the hole with those pair of pants!?!” I told him, “Other people is not my
concern at the moment. I know you took my fleece pants personally, so let’s not be an
…” Sgt. Thomson aggressively say, “O, I’ll make sure your fucking pants are in
property alright!!” I tell him, “Well do that shit, then,” as I’m walking back into B-
wing to go into my cell.
As I move a few things around I seen Sgt. Thomson now in the sally port calling me
over, I go to him and he tells me, “Step to the side and get the … out of my face,” while
pointing. I comply and said, “Your [sic] right in front of the door, but alright.” Sgt.
Thomson tells me, “Don’t ever talk to me like that.” I asked, “Talk to you like what?
I ain’t doing nothing wrong but asking you about a pair of fleece pants that was never
returned to me when I got out the hole!” CO Jones and CO Farris walks into the sally
port from the bubble witnessing the conversation between Sgt. Thomson and I. Sgt.
Thomson tells me, “Well cuff up, you’re about to spend even more time in the hole!”
I asked, “For what? Because I told you to go get my pants?” He said, “For 19, creating
a disturbance.”
Plaintiff states that at this point, the situation with Sergeant Thompson grew physical. He
claims the following occurred:
Sgt. Thomson grabs my right hand and I pull away and tell him, You on some bullshit
Thomson over fleece pants.” CO Jones went to grab me and I push him off and he fell
while CO Farris and Sgt. Thomson tried to subdue me into restraints. Sgt. Thomson
and I fall to the right in a struggle, and I land on my back with him on top of me. I roll
the Sgt. off of me and try to get up, but CO Jones and CO Farris had ahold of me so I
struggled to get out the grip of these two officers while I’m on my stomach. CO Jones
got on my back and decided to stick his fingers in my mouth and pull my cheek so I bit
down on his finger, let go, then turned my face to my left. CO Jones put pressure on
my neck and back, CO Farris had my right arm pinned and Sgt. Thomson held the left
side of my head as he started to punch me repeatedly in the face with his right hand. I
instantly started calling for help in my helpless state. The correctional officers were
telling me, “Shut the … up,” as the Sgt. kept hitting me in the face. I heard more
footsteps and felt my legs being grabbed so I started struggling again to get whoever
off of me, but it was no use. All of the correctional officers in unison were saying,
“Quit resisting put your arms behind your back!” I told them I could[n’t] because Sgt.
Thomson had my left arm pinned under his knee and CO Farris had my right arm
2
pinned. I couldn’t see out of my left eye, but out of my right eye I could see all the
blood on the floor that came from my mouth and under my eye that was split open.
Plaintiff asserts that eventually the officers got him in restraints and started to escort him to 2
house. He claims that Sgt. Jones grabbed his left arm “in an aggressive way” and told plaintiff, “That
was my …brother…” When plaintiff attempted to look at Sgt. Jones, he purportedly shoved
plaintiff’s head, told him to turn around, and placed a spit mask over his face. Plaintiff states that
when his leg gave out during the walk to 2 house, he fell into the rocks on the side of the pathway.
He claims an unknown officer jumped onto his back, and Sgt. Jones rubbed his face into the gravel
stating, “This is for my brother…” Plaintiff alleges that as he got up Sgt. Jones said to Lt. Carver,
“Hey Lt. Carver, I believe Briggs said he’s suicidal.” Thus, plaintiff was summarily stripped from
his clothes and placed in a suicide cell even though he had not declared himself a suicide risk. Last,
plaintiff asserts that Sgt. Jones shoved his head into a doorway as he walked him into 2 house.
Plaintiff seeks compensatory and punitive damages in this action.
Legal Standard on Initial Review
Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the Court is required to review a civil complaint “in which a
prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity.”
28 U.S.C. § 1915(A)(a). The term “prisoner” is defined as “any person incarcerated or detained in
any facility who is accused of, convicted of, sentenced for, or adjudicated delinquent for, violations
of criminal law.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(c). Pursuant to this section, the Court must dismiss a
complaint if it “is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted,” or
if it “seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. §
1915(A)(b). Here, plaintiff is a convicted state prisoner who is suing employees of a governmental
entity. Therefore, his first amended complaint is subject to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A screening.
3
To state a claim, a plaintiff must demonstrate a plausible claim for relief, which is more than
a “mere possibility of misconduct.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). “A claim has facial
plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable
inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. at 678. Determining whether a
complaint states a plausible claim for relief is a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court
to draw upon judicial experience and common sense. Id. at 679. The court must “accept as true the
facts alleged, but not legal conclusions or threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action,
supported by mere conclusory statements.” Barton v. Taber, 820 F.3d 958, 964 (8th Cir. 2016); see
also Brown v. Green Tree Servicing LLC, 820 F.3d 371, 372–73 (8th Cir. 2016) (stating that court
must accept factual allegations in complaint as true but is not required to “accept as true any legal
conclusion couched as a factual allegation”).
Discussion
Plaintiff sues defendants for excessive force in violation of the Eighth Amendment. After
reviewing his complaint in its entirety, the Court finds that plaintiff’s claims against defendants for
excessive force are sufficient for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1915A review.
Plaintiff claims that he was assaulted by defendants Sergeant Michael Thomson, Correctional
Officer William Jones, Correctional Officer Caleb Farris and Sergeant Ethan Jones on March 31,
2019. He claims that defendants used excessive force during the course of removing him from 3
house B unit sallyport “yard” area and walking him into 2 house. These actions included allegedly
having his cheek pulled during an altercation by CO Jones, being sat on by Sgt. Thomson and CO
Jones and CO Farris while Sgt Thomson repeatedly struck plaintiff in the face and head causing him
to bleed, having his head run into a doorway by Sgt. Jones while he was handcuffed and having Sgt.
Jones rub plaintiff’s face into the gravel while he was handcuffed.
4
“‘[T]he unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain . . . constitutes cruel and unusual
punishment forbidden by the Eighth Amendment.’” Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 5 (1992)
(quoting Whitley v. Albers, 475 U.S. 312, 319 (1986)). In the context of a prisoner’s Eighth
Amendment claim against a prison guard for the use of excessive force, “the core judicial inquiry is
that set out in Whitley: whether force was applied in a good-faith effort to maintain or restore
discipline, or maliciously and sadistically to cause harm.” Id. at 6.
While an inmate need not have suffered a serious injury to maintain an Eighth Amendment
claim, the extent of the injury is one factor to be considered in determining whether the use of force
was wanton and unnecessary. Id. Not every malevolent touch by a prison guard gives rise to a
federal cause of action. Id. at 9 (citing Johnson v. Glick, 481 F.2d 1028, 1033 (2d Cir. 1973) (“not
every push or shove, even if it may later seem unnecessary in the peace of a judge’s chambers,
violates a prisoner’s constitutional rights.”)). The “Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of ‘cruel and
unusual’ punishments necessarily excludes from constitutional recognition de minimis uses of
physical force, provided that the use of force is not of a sort ‘repugnant to the conscience of
mankind.’” Id. at 9–10.
Plaintiff alleges he suffered injuries to his face, eyes, mouth and knees. From the facts as
alleged, which the Court must take as true, the Court directs the Clerk to issue process on plaintiff’s
claims of excessive force against defendants in their individual capacities, for purported violations of
the Eighth Amendment.
D. Service of Process
As noted above, plaintiff has paid the required civil filing fee in this matter. Consequently,
the Court is not responsible for service of process pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. See 28 U.S.C. §
1915(d) (providing that “[t]he officers of the court shall issue and serve all process”). Pursuant to the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, service may be effectuated by “[a]ny person who is at least 18
5
years old and not a party.” See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(2) (emphasis added). This means that plaintiff
must find a qualified person to serve process on the complaint with respect to his claims against
defendants in their individual capacities
Ordinarily, plaintiff has ninety (90) days from the filing of the complaint to serve process on
defendants. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). However, because initial review of plaintiff’s complaint has
just been completed, the Court allows plaintiff ninety (90) days from the date of this order to
complete process on defendants in their individual capacities. The Court directs the Clerk of Court to
prepare summonses for defendants in their individual capacities and deliver the summonses to
plaintiff for service.
Motion for Appointment of Counsel
No constitutional or statutory right to appointed counsel exists in civil cases. Nelson v.
Redfield Lithograph Printing, 728 F.2d 1003, 1004 (8th Cir. 1984). In determining whether to
appoint counsel, the Court considers several factors, including (1) whether the plaintiff has presented
non-frivolous allegations supporting his or her prayer for relief; (2) whether the plaintiff will
substantially benefit from the appointment of counsel; (3) whether there is a need to further
investigate and present the facts related to the plaintiff’s allegations; and (4) whether the factual and
legal issues presented by the action are complex. See Johnson v. Williams, 788 F.2d 1319, 1322-23
(8th Cir. 1986); Nelson, 728 F.2d at 1005.
Plaintiff has presented non-frivolous allegations in his complaint. However, plaintiff has
demonstrated, at this point, that he can adequately present his claims to the Court. Additionally,
neither the factual nor the legal issues in this case are complex. As such, the Court denies without
prejudice plaintiff’s motion for appointment of counsel.
Conclusion
6
Accordingly, plaintiff's Eighth-Amendment claims against defendants Sergeant Michael
Thomson, Correctional Officer William Jones, Correctional Officer Caleb Farris, and Sergeant Ethan
Jones, in their individual capacities survive section 1915A review. The Court directs the Clerk to
send plaintiff copies of the complaint and summonses for defendants Sergeant Michael Thomson,
Correctional Officer William Jones, Correctional Officer Caleb Farris, and Sergeant Ethan Jones in
their individual capacities. The Court orders plaintiff to serve the defendants no later than May 19,
2022. If plaintiff fails to serve the defendants by May 19, 2022, and cannot show good cause for the
failure, then the Court will dismiss this case without prejudice. The Court denies without prejudice
plaintiffs [2] motion for appointment of counsel.
So Ordered this 18th day of February 2022.
Bil
momma le CE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE