Cook v. Dresser L L C

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

WESTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA

ALEXANDRIA DIVISION

KERRY BARRETT, ET AL CASE NO. 1:20-CV-01346

VERSUS JUDGE DAVID C. JOSEPH

DRESSER, LLC, ET AL MAGISTRATE JUDGE PEREZ-MONTES

JACOB BARNES, ET AL CASE NO. 1:21-CV-00024

VERSUS JUDGE DAVID C. JOSEPH

DRESSER, LLC, ET AL MAGISTRATE JUDGE PEREZ-MONTES

ROBERT COOK, ET AL CASE NO. 1:21-CV-00696

VERSUS JUDGE DAVID C. JOSEPH

DRESSER, LLC, ET AL MAGISTRATE JUDGE PEREZ-MONTES

BETSY E. PETTY, ET AL CASE NO. 1:21-CV-02586

VERSUS JUDGE DAVID C. JOSEPH

DRESSER, LLC, ET AL MAGISTRATE JUDGE PEREZ-MONTES

MICHELLE BARTON, ET AL CASE NO. 1:22-CV-00263

VERSUS JUDGE DAVID C. JOSEPH

DRESSER, LLC, ET AL MAGISTRATE JUDGE PEREZ-MONTES

MEMORANDUM RULING GRANTING

MOTION FOR ENTRY OF LONE PINE ORDER

Before the Court are five substantively identical MOTIONS FOR ENTRY OF LONE

PINE ORDER (the “Motions”) filed by Defendants Dresser, LLC, Dresser RE, LLC,

Baker Hughes Company, Baker Hughes Holdings, LLC, and Baker Hughes Energy

Services, LLC (collectively, “Dresser”) in the following cases: (i) Barnes v. Dresser,

LLC, No. 1:21-cv-00024-DCJ-JPM [Doc. 113]; (ii) Barton v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:22-cv-

00263-DCJ-JPM [Doc. 105]; (iii) Cook v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:21-cv-00696-DCJ-JPM

[Doc. 57]; (iv) Barrett v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:20-cv-01346-DCJ-JPM [Doc. 84]; and (v)

Petty v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:21-cv-02586-DCJ-JPM [Doc. 41] (hereinafter referred to

collectively as the “Related Cases”).1 In each motion, Dresser seeks the entry of a

Lone Pine order to expeditiously identify those claims for personal injury damages

lacking evidentiary support. The Barnes, Barton, and Cook Plaintiffs filed opposition

briefs [Barnes Doc. 119], [Barton Doc. 115], and [Cook Doc. 62], and the Defendants

filed reply briefs in all cases [Barnes Doc. 120], [Barrett Doc. 89], [Barton Doc. 116],

[Cook Doc. 63], and [Petty Doc. 46]. After careful consideration, and for the reasons

set forth below, the Motions are GRANTED.

BACKGROUND

These Related Cases2 arise from the operations of a now-closed pipe valve

manufacturing facility located in Rapides Parish, Louisiana (the “Dresser Facility”).

Plaintiffs in the Related Cases claim that the Facility improperly disposed of solvents,

cutting oils, acids, and caustics, thereby contaminating the groundwater and soil in

the surrounding area. [Barnes Doc. 47]; [Barton Doc. 101]; [Barrett Doc. 1]; [Cook

Doc. 1]; [Petty Doc. 13]. Hundreds of plaintiffs filed lawsuits alleging personal injury

and property damage claims against Dresser and other defendants in state and

federal courts, alleging that this contamination migrated onto their nearby

properties, causing both property damage and either present or potential future

personal injury resulting from their exposure to toxins. Id.

1 The case of D&J Investments of CENLA, LLC v. Baker Hughes, a GE Co., LLC, No.

1:23-cv-00508-DCJ-JPM (W.D. La. Apr. 18, 2023) also remains pending in this Court.

However, that matter is stayed in consideration of a Motion to Remand [Doc. 17] filed by the

Plaintiffs in that case, which is currently pending before the Magistrate Judge. Defendants

have likewise filed a MOTION FOR ENTRY OF LONE PINE ORDER in the D&J matter [Doc. 27].

On October 1, 2021, the Magistrate Judge issued a Coordinated Discovery

Order [Barnes Doc. 41], [Barrett Doc. 66], and [Cook Doc. 36], in some of the Related

Cases, pursuant to which the Plaintiffs were ordered to produce “Plaintiff

Information Sheets,” identifying the specific properties at issue and the personal

injuries allegedly caused by the Defendants. In the instant Motions, Defendants

claim – despite the Court’s order – that: (i) they have not received a Plaintiff

Information Sheet for each Plaintiff in the Related Cases, and (ii) for the ones they

did receive, nearly every residential property owner asserts a personal injury claim

without regard to, (a) their proximity to the affected groundwater; (b) the

concentrations of TCE and/or PCE detected or not detected in their homes; (c) their

length of time in the allegedly impacted residence; or (d) the nature of their alleged

ailment. Defendants further argue that most, if not all, of the Plaintiffs are unable

to show sufficient exposure and causation to support a personal injury claim.

On September 15, 2023, the Court consolidated the Related Cases pursuant to

Rule 42 for the limited purpose of determining common issues of fact. [Barrett Doc.

88]; [Barnes Doc. 117]; [Cook Doc. 61]; [Petty Doc. 45]; [Barton Doc. 113]. A

consolidated Phase I trial of these common issues is set for May 13, 2024. Among the

common issues that will be tried during Phase I is the cause of the toxic plume and

the allocation of responsibility among the defendants. A deadline of February 13,

2024, has been set for the completion of all discovery.

A "Lone Pine” order, which derives its name from Lore v. Lone Pine Corp., No.

L–33606–85, 1986 WL 637507 (N.J. Super. Ct. Law Div. Nov. 18, 1986), is a discovery

tool designed to address the complex issues and potential burdens on defendants and

courts in mass tort litigation by requiring plaintiffs to meet an evidentiary threshold

before being permitted to further pursue their claims. See Acuna v. Brown & Root

Inc., 200 F.3d 335, 340 (5th Cir. 2000) (discussing use of Lone Pine orders in mass

tort litigation). Rule 16(c)(2) affords district courts wide discretion to manage

discovery in civil actions, and Lone Pine orders are typically issued under Rule

16(c)(2)(L), which permits district courts to adopt “special procedures for managing

potentially difficult or protracted actions that may involve complex issues, multiple

parties, difficult legal questions, or unusual proof problems . . .” Id. “The basic

purpose of a Lone Pine order is to identify and cull potentially meritless claims and

streamline litigation in complex cases.” In re Vioxx Prod. Liab. Litig., 557 F. Supp.

2d 741, 743 (E.D. La. 2008), aff'd, 388 F. App'x 391 (5th Cir. 2010), citing Baker v.

Chevron USA, Inc., 2007 WL 315346, *1 (S.D. Ohio Jan.30, 2007).

District courts in the Fifth Circuit routinely enter Lone Pine orders in mass

tort cases to facilitate case management and provide structure to the discovery

process. See, e.g., In re Xarelto (Rivaroxaban) Prods. Liab. Litig., MDL No. 2592,

2021 WL 493069, at *1 (E.D. La. Feb. 10, 2021) (requiring plaintiffs to provide a fact

sheet and related documents followed by “a case-specific [expert] report from a

licensed physician” along with medical records and an affidavit of compliance signed

by the plaintiff); In re 1994 Exxon Chem. Plant Fire Litig., Master Docket No. 94-MS-

3-C-1, 2005 WL 6252291, at *1 (M.D. La. April 29, 2005) (requiring “that each

plaintiff produce an affidavit from a qualified treating or other physician, and an

affidavit from a qualified real estate appraiser or other real estate expert.”); see also

In re Oil Spill by the Oil Rig “Deepwater Horizon” in the Gulf of Mexico, on Apr. 20,

2010, MDL No. 2179, 2016 WL 614690, at *5 (E.D. La. Feb. 16, 2016) (requiring each

plaintiff to provide descriptions of their alleged ailments, the date, time, and locations

of exposure, and other information relevant to confirm the plaintiff’s exposure and

general causation); Case Management Order No. 1 (Dkt. #36), Abner v. Hercules, Inc.,

No. 2:14-cv-00063 (S.D. Miss. Nov. 10, 2014) (requiring each plaintiff in a property

contamination case to provide affidavits showing that constituents were present on

their property and that there was a likely migration pathway to their property from

the defendant’s facility); Order (Dkt. #3387), In re Complaint of AET Inc. Ltd., No.

1:10-cv-00051 (E.D. Tex. March 22, 2011) (requiring each plaintiff in a personal injury

and property damage case to produce affidavits showing dates of treatment, names

of medical providers, causation, specific properties, a detailed description of the

damage, the identity of the constituents that caused the damage, and the amount in

damages suffered by the plaintiff).

In Steering Comm. v. Exxon Mobil Corp., a case involving smoke exposure from

a chemical plant fire, the Fifth Circuit approved the district court’s order requiring

that each plaintiff produce, pursuant to a Lone Pine order, either an affidavit from a

qualified treating or other physician, or an affidavit from a qualified real estate

appraiser or other real estate expert, depending on the type of injury alleged. 461

F.3d 598, 604 & n.2 (5th Cir. 2006). As is the case here, the district court in Exxon

Mobil had previously denied the plaintiffs’ motion to certify a class action, noting that

the Lone Pine order served as a useful tool in cases where class certification is

inappropriate, but discovery is nevertheless complex. Exxon Mobil Corp., 461 F.3d

at 605.

Here, the parties disagree about both the utility and the timing of the entry of

a Lone Pine order at this stage in the litigation. While acknowledging that Lone Pine

orders can assist the Court and parties in certain mass toxic tort cases, Plaintiffs

oppose the instant motions on grounds that a Lone Pine order is an extraordinary

remedy that is not appropriate at this juncture. Plaintiffs argue that they should not

be required to submit prima facie evidence of their personal injury claims prior to the

completion of discovery and the resolution of common issues at the Phase I jury trial

on May 13, 2024. They also contend that entry of a Lone Pine order would be

tantamount to an improper substitute for summary judgment.

Defendants, on the other hand, contend that some of the Related Cases have

been pending for more than three years, and that the discovery sought in the Lone

Pine order regarding medical causation is information the Plaintiffs should have had

at the time they filed their lawsuits. To counter the Plaintiffs’ argument that

causation simply cannot be determined at this time, Defendants cite to the sworn

Declaration of Dr. Christopher Teaf, a toxicologist, who testified that sufficient

information exists to perform a causation analysis, specifically:

Extensive sampling efforts of defendant’s property, as well as the

surrounding areas, have been ongoing since at least 2012. Those

samples have been taken from surface water, groundwater, soil vapor,

soil, indoor air and ambient air. In this case, those sample – or samples

like them that could be obtained by Plaintiffs – are sufficient to perform

a toxicological health risk assessment and determine the likelihood of

disease causation to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty.3

3 See Declaration of Christopher Teaf, Ph.D, attached as Exhibit 5 to Defendants’ Reply

brief. [Barnes Doc. 120-5, ¶17].

Furthermore, Defendants argue that Dresser has investigated the impacts of

chlorinated solvent to groundwater, which has resulted in thousands of air, soil, and

water samples over a vast geographic area, at considerable expense, and that this

data can be used – and should have already been used – to assess causation with

respect to each Plaintiff. In short, Defendants argue that Plaintiffs have delayed the

process of conducting a causation analysis for each individual Plaintiff because of the

costs associated with such an undertaking. They further argue that the filing of so

many lawsuits without a threshold level of evidence is sanctionable.

Lone Pine orders have been found to be particularly useful, as Plaintiffs

themselves point out, where there is some articulable suspicion or skepticism

concerning the evidentiary support for certain of plaintiffs’ claims. In fact, a central

element supporting the original discovery order issued in the Lone Pine case was an

EPA report casting serious doubt on the pollution alleged against those defendants.

Russell v. Chesapeake Appalachia, L.L.C., 305 F.R.D. 78, 84 (M.D. Pa. 2015), citing

Lone Pine, 1986 WL 637507 at *1. Subsequent courts considering Lone Pine orders

have considered the defendant's ability to produce evidence demonstrating the

plaintiff's claims as dubious. See, e.g., McManaway, 265 F.R.D. at 389 (“A Lone Pine

order should issue only ... after the defendant has made a showing of significant

evidence calling into question the plaintiffs' ability to bring forward necessary

medical causation and other scientific information.”). While the Court makes no

finding at this time with respect to the viability of any of the Plaintiffs’ personal

injury claims in the Related Cases, the Court notes that Defendants’ expert Dr.

Christopher Teaf has concluded that there is no general causal link between TCE

and/or PCE exposure and the vast majority of the Plaintiffs’ alleged conditions.4

The Court also takes into consideration the evidence and expert testimony

admitted during its Rule 65 hearing in the related matter of Hyatt v. Dresser, LLC,

No. 1:20-cv-01460-DCJ-JPM. There, on February 23-24, 2022, this Court conducted

an evidentiary hearing on the Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction [Doc. 1].

After two days of testimony,5 the Court denied the Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary

Injunction, specifically finding that the Plaintiffs failed to meet their burden of

demonstrating a measurable risk to their health given the low levels of PCE and TCE

that were found in the air in their home.6 The Court further found that, despite those

plaintiffs credibly testifying that they were concerned about exposure to chemicals

from the Dresser facility, they had not been diagnosed with any medical condition

linked to TCE and/or PCE exposure. Further, the Hyatt plaintiffs had taken no

actions – such as consulting their physicians, requesting an air filter from Dresser,

or attempting to sell their home or otherwise physically relocate – that were

consistent with their claims that they had developed genuine and serious mental

4 See Declaration of Christopher Teaf, Ph.D, attached as Exhibit 5 to Defendants’ Reply

brief. [Barnes Doc. 120-5, ¶17].

5 In addition to the plaintiffs, the Court heard evidence from Carey Dicharry, a geologist

supervisor with the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality; Margo Moss, an

environmental scientist; Dr. Stephen King, a toxicologist trained in the fields of epidemiology

and environmental science; and John Ellis, an environmental investigator.

6 See Hyatt, et al v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:20-cv-01460, Minutes of Court [Docs. 78 & 79]

and the Official Transcripts of Hearing [Docs. 85 & 86].

distress resulting from their alleged exposure to these chemicals.7 Thus, this Court

has already determined that at least two plaintiffs allegedly exposed to PCE and TCE

were unable to show a causal connection between their alleged physical and mental

symptoms and the presence of PCE and TCE allegedly caused by the contaminant

dispersion at issue.

Considering the foregoing, and after careful consideration of the arguments of

the parties, the applicable law, and the current posture of the litigation in the Related

Cases, the Court finds that entry of a Lone Pine order is appropriate in the Related

Cases pertaining to the Plaintiffs’ claims for personal injury. The Related Cases

involve 259 plaintiffs8 bringing complex toxic tort cases against multiple defendants.

The pleadings offer little, if any, specific causation theories or claims describing the

impact of the contaminants at issue on each individual Plaintiff. The Court finds that

Plaintiffs are now in possession of sufficient discovery and information regarding the

nature, geographical extent, and chemical constituents of the toxic plume to comply

with a Lone Pine order. Each plaintiff should have at least some information

regarding the nature of his or her alleged injuries, the circumstances under which he

or she could have been exposed to harmful substances, and the basis for believing

that the named defendants were responsible for those alleged injuries. See Acuna,

200 F.3d at 340, citing Beanal v. Freeport–McMoran, Inc., 197 F.3d 161, 165 (5th Cir.

7 Id.

8 This number does not include the 86 plaintiffs in the D&J matter, which, if not

remanded, will be consolidated with the Related Cases and, absent a contrary showing, also

be subject to a substantially similar Lone Pine order.

1999) (plaintiff's complaint is insufficient where it is devoid of “names, dates,

locations, times, or any facts that would put [defendant] on notice as to what conduct

supports ... his claims”). The Court further finds that entry of a Lone Pine Order will

simplify the Related Cases, streamline costs to both the Plaintiffs and the

Defendants, conserve judicial resources, and aid the Court in preparing for both the

Phase I trial as well as further proceedings in each of the Related Cases.

For the foregoing reasons, and in an effort to expedite discovery, conserve

judicial resources, and facilitate the administration of these Related Cases,

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the MOTIONS FOR ENTRY OF LONE PINE ORDER

filed by Defendants in Barnes v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:21-cv-00024-DCJ-JPM [Doc.

113]; Barton v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:22-cv-00263-DCJ-JPM [Doc. 105]; Cook v. Dresser,

LLC, No. 1:21-cv-00696-DCJ-JPM [Doc. 57]; Barrett v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:20-cv-

01346-DCJ-JPM [Doc. 84]; and Petty v. Dresser, LLC, No. 1:21-cv-02586-DCJ-JPM

[Doc. 41] are GRANTED.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, on or before November 17, 2023, any

Plaintiff in the Related Cases who has not done so shall produce to Defendants a

completed Plaintiff Information Sheet.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, on or before February 9, 2024, each

Plaintiff claiming a personal injury sustained as a result of exposure to

trichloroethylene (TCE) or tetrachloroethylene (PCE), either to himself or herself, or

on behalf of a minor or decedent, must serve on the Defendants a sworn affidavit from

a licensed physician or other qualified expert, or both, as may be necessary,

which sets forth the following for each claimant:

(a) A list of all specific injuries, illnesses, or conditions that the

claimant suffered as a result of the alleged exposure to

trichloroethylene (TCE) or tetrachloroethylene (PCE);

(b) The date(s) on which each such injury, illness, or condition was first

suffered by the claimant and the date(s) on which a physician or

other health care professional examined or treated the claimant for

the injury, illness, or condition allegedly caused by exposure to

trichloroethylene (TCE) or tetrachloroethylene (PCE);

(c) An explanation of the manner of exposure (i.e., ingestion,

inhalation, dermal contact, etc.), the dates of exposure, and the

duration of exposure;

(d) The name and address of each physician or other medical care

provider who treated the claimant, a summary of the treatment

provided, and any diagnosis;

(e) An opinion, based on a reasonable degree of medical or scientific

probability, that the claimed injury, illness, or medical condition

was caused by the exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) or

tetrachloroethylene (PCE); and

(f) A descriptive narrative and list of source materials, if any,

providing the scientific and medical basis for any expert’s opinion

that the claimed injury, illness, or medical condition may be caused

by exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) or tetrachloroethylene

(PCE).

THUS, DONE AND SIGNED in Chambers on this 10‘ day of October 2023.

_ Cbd C 7b

DAVID C. JOSEPH

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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