The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
ROLAND J. NAQUIN, JR. CIVIL ACTION
VERSUS NO. 18-14199
JERRY LARPENTER, ET. AL. SECTION “B”
ORDER AND REASONS
Before the Court are pro se plaintiff Roland Naquin Jr.’s
complaint filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Rec. Doc. 1), the
Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation (“Report”) (Rec. Doc.
4), and plaintiff’s objections (Rec. Doc. 5). For the following
reasons,
IT IS ORDERED that plaintiff’s objections are OVERRULED;
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Magistrate Judge’s Report is
ADOPTED as the opinion of the Court;
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiff’s claims are DISMISSED WITH
PREJUDICE.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff is a state inmate currently housed in Terrebonne
Parish Criminal Justice Complex (“TPCJC”). See Rec. Doc. 1 at 3.
Defendants are Jerry Larpenter as Sheriff of Terrebonne Parish;
Gordon Dove as Parish President of Terrebonne; and, Major Bergeron
as Warden of TPCJC (collectively “defendants”).1 See id. at 1.
1 Defendants have been sued for acting in their official capacity only.
On January 4, 2019, plaintiff filed the instant complaint.
See Rec. Doc. 2. He seeks compensatory damages for enduring
exposure to black mold and hazardous bacteria at TPCJC. See Rec.
Doc. 1 at 9. Plaintiff alleges that defendants acted with
deliberate indifference to TPCJC’s unsanitary conditions. See id.
On January 10, 2019, the Magistrate Judge issued a Report
recommending dismissal of this matter because plaintiff failed to
state a claim upon which relief can be granted. See Rec. Doc. 4 at
3. Specifically, plaintiff’s complaint appears unactionable
because he failed to exhaust the administrative remedies available
to him at TPCJC. See id. On January 17, 2019, plaintiff filed a
timely objection to the Report.2 See Rec. Doc. 5.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
To recover under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege
deprivation of a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the
United States by a person acting under color of state law. See
2 The Fifth Circuit has recognized that the “mailbox rule” applies to pleadings,
including objections, submitted to federal courts by prisoners acting pro se.
See Stoot v. Cain, 570 F.3d 669, 671 (5th Cir. 2009). This rule states that,
for limitation purposes, the date when prison officials receive the pleading
from the prisoner for delivery to the court is considered the time of filing.
See Brown v. Taylor, 569 F. App'x 212 (5th Cir. 2014); Spotville v. Cain, 149
F.3d 374, 376 (5th Cir. 1998). Though the clerk of court filed plaintiff’s
objection on January 25, 2019, plaintiff signed and dated his objection on
January 17, 2019. This is the earliest date appearing in the record on which he
could have submitted the objection to prison officials for mailing. Therefore,
pursuant to the mailbox rule, January 17, 2019 will be treated as the filing
date of plaintiff’s objections.
Calhoun v. Hargrove, 312 F.3d 730, 734 (5th Cir. 2002) (citing
Wong v. Stripling, 881 F.2d 200, 202 (5th Cir. 1998)).
The Court must dismiss a § 1983 claim if the complaint fails
to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. See 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii); § 1915A(b)(1). A plaintiff fails to state a
claim upon which relief can be granted when the claim does not
contain “‘enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible
on its face.’” In re Katrina Canal Breaches Litig., 495 F.3d 191,
205 (5th Cir. 2007) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S.
544, 570 (2007)). Given a presumption of truth, the plaintiff’s
factual allegations must raise a right to relief above the
speculative level. See In re Katrina Canal Breaches Litig., 495
F.3d at 205.
Pursuant to the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, a
prisoner filing a § 1983 action must have previously exhausted his
claims through available administrative remedies. 42 U.S.C. §
1997e(a); see also Gonzalez v. Seal, 702 F.3d 785, 788 (5th Cir.
2012). This exhaustion is required regardless of the forms of
relief sought or offered in the administrative process. See Booth
v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 n.6 (2001). While failure to exhaust
is an affirmative defense, the Court may dismiss a complaint “if
the complaint makes clear that the prisoner failed to exhaust
[administrative remedies].” Carbe v. Lappin, 492 F.3d 325, 328
(5th Cir. 2007) (citing Jones v. Bock, 599 U.S. 199, 216 (2007)).
Additionally, the Fifth Circuit has held that 42 U.S.C. §
1997e(e) applies to all federal civil actions in which a prisoner
seeks compensatory damages for an alleged constitutional
violation. See Greiger v. Jowers, 404 F.3d 371, 374 (5th Cir.
2005); Siglar v. Hightower, 112 F.3d 191, 193-94 (5th Cir. 1997).
The § 1997e(e) physical injury requirement states that “[n]o
federal civil action may be brought by a prisoner confined in a
jail, prison, or other correctional facility, for mental or
emotional injury suffered while in custody without a prior showing
of physical injury.” Thus, a prisoner’s § 1983 action for an Eighth
Amendment violation will not prevail without a physical injury.
See Greiger, 404 F.3d at 374.
When a prisoner states an Eighth Amendment violation in his
§ 1983 complaint, he must satisfy two requirements. The first
requirement is that the prison official’s act or omission resulted
in denial of “the minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities.”
Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994) (quoting Rhodes v.
Chapman, 425 U.S. 337, 347 (1981)); Palmer v. Johnson, 193 F.3d
346, 352 (5th Cir. 1999). The second requirement is that the prison
official’s state of mind was “deliberate indifference to inmate
health or safety.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834 (quoting Wilson v.
Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 302-03 (1991)); Palmer, 193 F.3d at 352.
This Court need not analyze the satisfaction of both requirements,
but may decide an Eighth Amendment claim on the claim’s failure to
satisfy either requirement. See Johnson v. Anderson, 255 Fed. Appx.
851, 853 (5th Cir. 2007).
To satisfy the first requirement, a prisoner must demonstrate
the alleged deprivation denied him of the minimal civilized measure
of life’s necessities. Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834; Palmer, 193 F.3d
at 352. The Fifth Circuit has held “the Constitution does not
mandate prisons [to provide] comfortable surroundings or
commodious conditions.” Talib v. Gilley, 138 F.3d 211, 215 (5th
Cir. 1998) (citing Rhodes, 452 U.S. at 349); accord Hernandez v.
Velasquez, 522 F.3d 556, 560 (5th Cir. 2008). Exposure to
unpleasant conditions, such as the mere presence of mold and
bacteria, is not a constitutional violation, without a showing of
injury by such exposure. See, e.g., Carter v. Strain, Civ. Action
No. 09-15, 2009 WL 3231826, at *3 (E.D. La. Oct. 1, 2009); McCarty
v. McGee, No. 2:06cv113, 2008 WL 341643, at *3 (S.D. Miss. Feb. 5,
2008); Crook v. McGee, No. 2:07cv167, 2008 WL 53269, at *2 (S.D.
Miss. Jan. 2, 2008).
To satisfy the second requirement, a prisoner must prove the
prison official’s state of mind was deliberately indifferent to
the prisoner’s health. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834; Palmer, 193
F.3d at 352. The burden is on the prisoner to prove the officials
(1) were aware of facts from which they could infer an excessive
risk to the prisoner’s health and (2) actually inferred that an
excessive health risk existed. See Palmer, 193 F.3d at 352 (citing
Bradley v. Pucket, 157 F.3d 1022, 1025 (5th Cir. 1998)).
Here, plaintiff’s § 1983 complaint must be dismissed because
plaintiff did not exhaust his claims through available
administrative remedies before filing. See Rec. Doc. 5 at 6.
Plaintiff concedes he did not utilize available administrative
remedies at TPCJC for fear of retaliation. See id. Because
plaintiff’s complaint and objections make clear that he failed to
exhaust available administrative remedies, plaintiff’s claims must
be dismissed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a).
Had plaintiff exhausted administrative remedies available to
him at TPCJC, his claims would still warrant dismissal pursuant to
42 U.S.C. § 1997e(e). Plaintiff seeks compensatory damages for
exposure to black mold, bacteria, and other unidentified
contaminates. See id. at 8. He only alleges a potential risk of
contracting unspecified diseases. See id. at 14. He fails to claim
that the alleged conditions have caused him physical harm as
required by § 1997e(e). See Greiger, 404 F.3d at 374.
Even if plaintiff had alleged a physical injury, it remains
that his complaint must be dismissed for failure to satisfy both
Eighth Amendment claim requirements. See Johnson, 255 Fed. Appx.
at 853. Specifically, plaintiff does not fulfill the second
requirement concerning deliberate indifference. He argues
defendants demonstrated deliberate indifference by not addressing
the presence of black mold and bacteria. See Rec. Doc. 5 at 13.
However, by failing to exhaust available administrative remedies,
plaintiff is unable to show defendants are aware of the alleged
conditions. See id. at 6. Plaintiff offers no factual support of
defendants’ awareness of the alleged conditions. See Palmer, 193
F.3d at 352. Additionally, plaintiff offers no proof that
defendants inferred the existence of an excessive health risk. See
id. Because plaintiff fails to satisfy the second requirement of
an Eighth Amendment violation, his claims must be dismissed. See
Johnson, 255 Fed. Appx. at 853.
New Orleans, Louisiana, this 17th day of July 2019
___________________________________
SENIOR UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE