The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
Case No. 23-CV-80820-ROSENBERG
BOCA VIEW CONDOMINIUM
ASSOCIATION, INC.,
Plaintiff,
vs.
ELEANOR LEPSELTER, et al.,
Defendants.
___________________________/
SECOND ORDER OVERRULING OBJECTIONS TO
MAGISTRATE JUDGE’S IMPOSITION OF RULE 11 SANCTIONS
This matter is before the Court on the Plaintiff’s Objections to Order Imposing Monetary
Rule 11 Sanctions at docket entry 71. The Plaintiff previously objected to the Magistate Judge’s
imposition of Rule 11 sanctions. DE 73. The Court overuled the Plaintiff’s objections. DE 77.
The Magistrate Judge then quantified the amount of sanctions the Plaintiff must pay, resulting in
the objections before the Court. DE 79. The Court OVERRULES the newest objections, but
one argument raised in the objections warrants discussion.
The Plaintiff argues that it cannot be sanctioned because its counsel made frivolous legal
argument, and it is true that, as a general matter, a plaintiff should not be sanctioned for frivolous
legal argument made by its counsel. E.g., Schrag v. Simpson, 141 F.3d 1185 (10th Cir. 1998)
(citing White v. Gen. Motors Corp., 908 F.2d 675, 686 (10th Cir. 1990)). It is also true, however,
that a plaintiff can be sanctioned for legal argument when the plaintiff has knowledge that the
legal argument is frivolous but elects to continue the suit anyway. Id.
Here, the Court is unpersuaded1 by the Plaintiff’s objections for three reasons. First,
instead of limiting the objections to the amount of monetary sanctions to be awarded, the
Plaintiff’s objections improperly reargue the underlying decision to award sanctions against the
Plaintiff. E.g., Marlite, Inc. v. Eckenrod, No. 10-CV-23641, 2012 WL 3614212, at *2 (S.D. Fla.
Apr. 21, 2012) (“[P]arties are not to be afford a ‘second bite at the apple.’”). Second, as detailed
below the Magistrate Judge found that the Plaintiff’s case was premised upon a factually
frivolous position—not just a legally frivolous position—and a plaintiff may be sanctioned for
such conduct. E.g., Worldwide Primates, Inc. v. McGreal, 26 F.3d 1089, 1093 (11th Cir. 1994).
Third, the Magistrate Judge found that the Plaintiff knowingly participated in counsel’s assertion
of a legally frivolous lawsuit, which is also sanctionable conduct.
The Magistrate Judge found as follows: “[I]t is clear that Plaintiff and its counsel filed
and then continued to file a factually and legally frivolous Complaint in bad faith based on a
legal theory with no reasonable chance of success, all for an improper purpose.” DE 66 at 10
(emphasis added). The Magistrate Judge detailed the extraordinary historical predicate
underpinning the Plaintiff’s initiation of this lawsuit and the knowledge that the Plaintiff gained
as part of that process:
This federal lawsuit was improvidently filed after 1) a lengthy and contentious
arbitration proceeding before the State of Florida Department of Professional
Regulation, Division of Florida Condominiums, Timeshares and Mobile Homes’
Chief Arbitrator Mahlon C. Rhaney, Jr., where Plaintiff lost; 2) a lengthy and
contentious trial de novo before Palm Beach County Circuit Judge John S.
Kastrenakes, where Plaintiff lost; 3) further contentious motion practice before
successor Palm Beach Circuit Judge Carolyn Bell, which Plaintiff lost; 4) the
denial of Plaintiff’s motion to stay by Palm Beach Circuit Judge Bell; 5) the filing
of an appeal by Plaintiff to the Florida Fourth District Court of Appeals, which
1 As the Court previously ruled, regardless of whether the standard governing this appeal is de novo review or
clearly erroneous review, the Court affirms the Magistrate Judge’s decision. See DE 77 at 1-2.
appeal remains pending; and 5) the Fourth District Court of Appeal’s denial of
Plaintiff’s motion for a stay.
Id. The Plaintiff’s repeated efforts to litigate, in the Magistrate Judge’s words, “a simple records
request,” is why the Magistrate Judge classified the Plaintiff as a vexatious litigant. Id. at 11.
The Plaintiff is a vexatious litigant, the Magistrate Judge reasoned, because an impartial
arbitrator informed it that its “defenses [were] without merit.” Id. at 11. Then, after a trial de
novo over the arbitrator’s decision, a Florida Circuit Court Judge then again informed the
Plaintiff: (i) that the arbitrator was correct, (ii) that the Plaintiff’s argument lacked legal support,
(iii) that the Plaintiff’s entire premise was flawed, (iv) that the Plaintiff itself lacked credibility,
and (v) that the Plaintiff’s position was “nonsensical.” Id.
Notwithstanding the completion of arbitration and a trial de novo, the Plaintiff continued
litigation. A second, succeeding Circuit Court Judge then adopted and reaffirmed the first
judge’s rulings, found that the Plaintiff’s “statement of facts” was really a “statement of
unproven theories,” and was “unproven rhetoric” that was “large irrelevant.” Id. at 2. The
second Circuit Court Judge awarded the Defendant $246,000 in attorney’s fees and costs. Id. at
10. Instead of focusing on an appeal in state court of all adverse decisions, the Plaintiff elected
to request extraordinary relief in federal court—to request that this Court issue an injunction to
halt the state appellate court process and to declare that a Florida statute underpinning the
entire matter unconstitutional, even though that argument could have been raised in the state
court proceedings. As explained by the Magistrate Judge:
Not content with its repeated losses before the State Arbitrator and two Florida
Circuit Judges, Plaintiff has now asked this Court to effectively reverse the
decisions of the Arbitrator and State Court Judges and come to a completely
contrary conclusion than the state trial court and the arbitrator—all while a state
appeal is pending—because Plaintiff did not like the results it obtained previously
in its years of contentious litigation. The extraordinary relief sought by Plaintiff
here requests and demands that this Court 1) temporarily and permanently stay the
state court proceedings; 2) adjudicate that Plaintiff does not have to produce any
records; and 3) award Plaintiff its costs and attorney’s fees. Such overbroad,
improper and frivolous demands for relief demonstrate the frivolity of Plaintiff’s
Complaint and would cause a first-year lawyer to hit the pause button. However,
Plaintiff and its current counsel brazenly seek and pursue such relief without a
good faith basis to do so.
. . .
The Court finds that Plaintiff and its counsel have clearly acted vexatiously and in
bad faith in filing and pursuing the relief sought in the Complaint in this federal
action in what can best be described as an attempt to hedge its bets, delay
production of the records to Defendants, and forum shop.
Id. at 12 (emphasis added).
As for the Plaintiff’s factually frivolous contentions, the Magistrate Judge had this to say:
The Court additionally finds that Plaintiff has fabricated a purported statutory
constitutional challenge in an after-the-fact effort to justify the wrongful decision
of Plaintiff to deny Defendants and their counsel access to the Association
records. In this regard, it is important to note that the Circuit Court previously
determined that the testimony of Giuseppe Marcigliano [Boca View’s board
member and vice president] established that he alone made the decision to deny
Eleanor Lepselter’s representative access to the requested records, and that his
decision was made based upon a combination of pure conjecture (that Jonathan
Yellin, Esq. was seeking access to records [from] some other persons behind the
scenes) and his own dislike and distrust of Mr. Yellin, whom Mr. Marcigliano
referred to as a “liar” and a “fake lawyer.” Mr. Marcigliano also testified that, at
the time he decided to deny access to Mr. Yellin, he did not have any specific
provision of Florida Statutes Chapters 617 or 718 in mind to support his decision.
Id. at 13. The Magistrate Judge then summed up the Plaintiff’s factually frivolous position as
follows:
Even considering all of the underlying evidence in the light most favorable to
Plaintiff, the constitutionality of the Florida statutes simply was not even
contemplated at the time of the records inspection denial. In fact, it is clear that no
Florida statute was contemplated when the records request was wrongfully
denied. Plaintiff’s Board Member Mr. Marcigliano wrongly denied the records
request because he disliked and did not trust the attorney for the Lepselters. Yet,
now, Plaintiff trumpets its constitutionality claim despite the fact such claim was
never even relied upon or envisioned by Board Member Marcigliano when he
wrongly and improperly denied the Lepselters’ records request. Plaintiff has
raised post-hoc arguments, which are factually and legally frivolous, in an effort
to attempt to belatedly justify its wrongful denial of the records request well after
the fact when there simply was no justification for denial of the records request
made by the Lepselters back in 2019.
Id. at 13-14. Finally, the Magistrate Judge detailed how the Plaintiffs conduct at oral argument
underscored its knowledge and participation in a frivolous suit:
Given the complicated, vexatious and lengthy litigation history of this case before
the arbitrator and the Palm Beach County Circuit Court; the Court’s observations
of the collaboration between Igli Kuka, a representative of Plaintiff, and
Plaintiffs counsel at the hearing on the Motion; the fact that Plaintiffs
representative sat at counsel table with Plaintiff's counsel at the hearing before the
Undersigned and communicated with counsel throughout; and the fact that
Plaintiff has been represented by multiple different attorneys at different points in
this litigation, the Court finds that Plaintiff knew or should have known the
allegations in the Complaint were frivolous, vexatious, and without factual or
legal support. Furthermore, and importantly, Plaintiff appears to be the leading
force behind this frivolous action. Thus, the Undersigned specifically finds that
sanctions are appropriate against Plaintiff.
Id. at 14. The Plaintiffs second objection to the imposition of Rule 11 is sanctions is
OVERRULED.
DONE AND ORDERED in Chambers, West Palm Beach, Florida, this 18th day of
December, 2023.
o) 4 ( ea L
ROBIN L. ROSENBERG
UNITED STATES DISTRICPJUDGE