The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
Miami Division
Case Number: 21-23501-CIV-MORENO
DORETHA WORLEY,
Plaintiff,
vs.
CARNIVAL CORPORATION, doing business
as CARNIVAL CRUISE LINES,
Defendant.
_________________________________________/
ORDER ADOPTING MAGISTRATE JUDGE GOODMAN'S REPORT AND
RECOMMENDATIONS ON DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO STRIKE AND/OR
PRECLUDE PLAINTIFF'S TREATING PHYSICIANS FROM GIVING EXPERT
OPINIONS BASED ON INSUFFICIENT EXPERT DISCLOSURES
THE MATTER was referred to the Honorable Jonathan Goodman, United States
Magistrate Judge, for a Report and Recommendation on Defendant's Motion to Strike and/or
Preclude Plaintiff's Treating Physicians from Giving Expert Opinions Based on Insufficient Expert
Disclosures, filed on November 9, 2022. The Magistrate Judge filed a Report and
Recommendation (D.E. 48) on January 27, 2023. The Court has reviewed the entire file and
record. The Court has made a de novo review of the issues presented in the Magistrate Judge’s
Report and Recommendation. The Court notes that no objections have been filed and the time for
doing so has now passed.
This Order concerns a cruise ship passenger plaintiff who failed to adequately comply with
expert witness disclosure requirements for non-retained treating doctors. Plaintiff Doretha Worley
did not supplement her required disclosures even after the Defendant cruise ship operator alerted
her counsel to the omission and unsuccessfully requested supplemental, compliant disclosures.
In her expert witness disclosure, Plaintiff disclosed the following treating physicians as
“hybrid” treating physicians who may offer opinion testimony arising out of their treatment of the
Plaintiff: David M. Lang, D.O.; Bismark Amoah Apraku, M.D.; and William T. Felmly, M.D.
With respect to Dr. Lang, Plaintiff explained that he is board certified in emergency medicine and
“is expected to testify about the treatment set forth in the Plaintiff’s medical records.” However,
no further detail was provided. Although Plaintiff’s disclosure for Dr. Apraku was significantly
longer, the substantive tenor was to simply list broad topics not tethered to the actual medical facts
surrounding Plaintiff’s past and future treatment. And Plaintiff’s disclosure for Dr. Felmly is,
other than a change in the name of the physician and the specialty, identical to the one for Dr.
Apraku. None of the three treating doctors provided expert reports pursuant to Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 26(a)(2)(B) and neither of those doctors nor Plaintiff’s counsel provided
summaries of the physicians’ opinions pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(a)(2)(C).
Because Plaintiff seeks to have Dr. Lang to provide opinion testimony concerning the cause
of her injuries, Plaintiff, at a minimum, was required to provide a disclosure that satisfied Rule
26(a)(2)(C). But the sole disclosure concerning Dr. Lang, which states that he “is expected to
testify about the treatment set forth in the Plaintiff’s medical records” falls well short of satisfying
Rule 26(a)(2)(C). Small v. Amgen, Inc., No. 212CV476FTMPAMMRM, 2017 WL 5443912, at
*4 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 15, 2017) (“[T]he Court finds that [the] [p]laintiffs’ purported summaries and
vague references to medical records do not come close to satisfying the disclosure requirement
imposed by Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(a)(2)(C)(ii).”); Heard v. Town of Camp Hill, No.
316CV00856WKWGMB, 2017 WL 3622781, at *3 (M.D. Ala. Aug. 23, 2017) (finding the
plaintiff’s disclosures inadequate because the plaintiff “[had] done little more than sketch out the
broad contours of the subjects about which his experts [would] testify” and therefore “ha[d] [not]
linked those opinions to the facts on which they [were] based, as required by Rule 26(a)(2)(C)”).
Admittedly, Plaintiff’s disclosures with respect to Dr. Apraku and Dr. Felmly are
significantly longer than the one sentence disclosure provided for Dr. Lang, However, these
disclosures fail to disclose anything of substance. Instead, the disclosures merely list the topics of
possible opinions which Dr. Apraku and Dr. Felmly might render without disclosing the actual
opinions or tethering them to the specific facts of the case. Carideo v. Whet Travel, Inc., No. 16-
23658-CIV, 2018 WL 1367444, at *12–13 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 16, 2018) (finding noncompliance with
Rule 26(a)(2)(C) for treating physician where disclosure was a “laundry list of every conceivable
topic on which a doctor might opine on in any type of case” and not a summary of a specific
treating doctor’s opinion). And simply saying that these doctors will have some type of opinion
“without revealing the actual opinion” is “tantamount to saying nothing at all.” Kroll v. Carnival
Corp., No. 19-23017, 2020 WL 4926423 at *4 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 20, 2020). Thus, neither the
Defendant nor anyone else reviewing these disclosures would know anything about the opinions
that Dr. Apraku and Dr. Felmly may offer in this case.
As a final matter, Plaintiff has not demonstrated substantial justification for her inadequate
expert witness disclosures. In fact, Plaintiff has not even attempted to establish substantial
justification or that the violation was harmless, as she argues that the disclosures were compliant.
As outlined above, however, the Court disagrees. None of the disclosures for any of the three
treating physicians were compliant with the Rule 26 expert witness disclosure obligations.
For these reasons, and being otherwise fully advised in the premises, it is ADJUDGED
that Magistrate Judge Goodman’s Report and Recommendation is AFFIRMED and ADOPTED.
Accordingly, it is ADJUDGED that Defendant's Motion to Strike and/or Preclude
Plaintiff's Treating Physicians from Giving Expert Opinions Based on Insufficient Expert
Disclosures is GRANTED in part.
Specifically, Plaintiff's three treating physicians (David M. Lang, D.O.; Bismark Amoah
Apraku, M.D.; and William T. Felmly, M.D.) are permitted to testify as lay witnesses regarding
their treatment and observations about Plaintiffs condition and her course of treatment. However,
they are precluded from offering previously undisclosed expert opinions about causation,
disability, permanency of injuries, prognosis, the reasonableness of past medical costs and the
need/cost of future medical care.
DONE AND ORDERED in Chambers at Miami, Florida, this 20th of April 2023.
fecal
FEDERICO A.MORENO]
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
Copies furnished to:
United States Magistrate Judge Jonathan Goodman
Counsel of Record