stating that the analysis for temporary 10 restraining orders and preliminary injunctions is “substantially identical”
How later courts described this case
- stating that the analysis for temporary 10 restraining orders and preliminary injunctions is “substantially identical”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11 DAVID W. FAUNCE, Case No. 21-cv-363-MMA (WVG)
12 Plaintiff,
ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S EX
13 v. PARTE MOTION TO PREVENT
TRANSFER
14 J. MARTINEZ, et al.,
15 Defendants. [Doc. No. 104]
16
17
18 On October 27, 2022, Plaintiff David W. Faunce (“Plaintiff”) filed an ex parte
19 motion to prevent the CDCR from transferring him to another prison during the pendency
20 of this litigation. In support of his motion, Plaintiff attaches a “Classification Committee
21 Chrono.” See Doc. No. 104 at 6–7. Because Plaintiff brings this motion ex parte, the
22 Court treats it as a request for a temporary restraining order. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b).
23 Plaintiff is currently being housed at the Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility
24 (“RJD”) in San Diego, California. According to Plaintiff’s motion and its attachment,
25 Plaintiff is in Facility D, a level III placement at RJD, while he is classified for level II
26 placement. On October 4, 2022, RJD’s Facility D Unit Classification Committee elected
27 to endorse Plaintiff for transfer to another prison. At this hearing, Plaintiff specifically
28 requested that he be kept at RJD while this litigation is ongoing. Nonetheless, the
1 Committee informed him that he is a level II inmate and requires proper housing. While
2 the chrono reflects that Plaintiff obtained level II endorsement on October 27, 2021,
3 Plaintiff contends that he has been at level II for some seven years. Plaintiff explains that
4 he has recently had several pre-transfer screening appointments at the medical clinic,
5 suggesting that transfer is imminent. Plaintiff asserts that he is being transferred in
6 retaliation for pursuing this litigation.
7 The standard for issuing a temporary restraining order is essentially the same as
8 that for issuing a preliminary injunction. Stuhlbarg Int’l Sales Co. v. John D. Brush &
9 Co., 240 F.3d 832, 839 n.7 (9th Cir. 2001) (stating that the analysis for temporary
10 restraining orders and preliminary injunctions is “substantially identical”). Injunctive
11 relief, whether temporary or permanent, is an “extraordinary remedy, never awarded as of
12 right.” Winter v. Natural Res. Defense Council, 555 U.S. 7, 22 (2008).
13 “A preliminary injunction is appropriate when it grants relief of the same nature as
14 that to be finally granted.” Pac. Radiation Oncology, Ltd. Liab. Co. v. Queen’s Med.
15 Ctr., 810 F.3d 631, 636 (9th Cir. 2015) (quoting De Beers Consol. Mines v. United
16 States, 325 U.S. 212, 220 (1945)). When considering whether to afford relief sought in a
17 motion for preliminary injunction that differs from the final relief sought in a complaint,
18 the Ninth Circuit has explained that “there must exist a relationship between the injury
19 claimed in a motion for injunctive relief and the conduct alleged in the underlying
20 complaint.” Id. at 638.
21 Here, Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint is limited to claims of retaliation and
22 conspiracy to retaliate against certain named RJD officials in violation of the First
23 Amendment, stemming from the alleged destruction of Plaintiff’s typewriter. Plaintiff
24 now claims in his motion that unnamed persons—presumably members of the
25 Classification Committee—are retaliating against him by endorsing his transfer to
26 another prison. Prisoners have no liberty interest in avoiding being transferred to another
27 prison. See Olim v. Wakinekona, 461 U.S. 238, 245 (1983); Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S.
28 215, 225–27 (1976); United States v. Brown, 59 F.3d 102, 105 (9th Cir. 1995) (per
1 curiam); Johnson v. Moore, 948 F.2d 517, 519 (9th Cir. 1991) (per curiam); Coakley v.
2 Murphy, 884 F.2d 1218, 1221 (9th Cir. 1989). However, prisoners may not be
3 transferred in retaliation for exercising their First Amendment rights. See Pratt v.
4 Rowland, 65 F.3d 802, 806 (9th Cir. 1995); Rizzo v. Dawson, 778 F.2d 527, 531 (9th Cir.
5 1985); cf. Gomez v. Vernon, 255 F.3d 1118, 1127–28 (9th Cir. 2001). Nonetheless, this
6 new retaliation claim against unknown persons does not appear to be sufficiently
7 connected to his claims in this case. To that end, a plaintiff cannot circumvent the
8 requirement of commencing an amended or additional civil complaint against additional
9 parties simply by asking for a preliminary injunction. See Devose v. Herrington, 42 F.3d
10 470, 471 (9th Cir. 1994). Moreover, section 1983 plaintiffs are required to exhaust
11 administrative remedies before seeking relief from a federal court. 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a).
12 A plaintiff similarly cannot sidestep the prerequisites for filing a civil action by seeking
13 immediate relief tethered to claims not set forth in pending litigation. See Jones v.
14 Paramo, No. 18-CV-2039-LAB(WVG), 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 193161, at *6–7 (S.D.
15 Cal. Nov. 6, 2019).
16 Further, Plaintiff does not seek injunctive relief with respect to his housing at RJD
17 by way of this case. That said, pursuant to the First Amended Complaint, Plaintiff asks
18 the Court to enjoin Defendants from retaliating against him for exercising his First
19 Amendment right to seek redress. Doc. No. 34 at 29. But again, the persons allegedly
20 retaliating against Plaintiff according to this motion are not Defendants in this case.
21 Accordingly, there similarly does not appear to be a sufficient nexus between the relief
22 sought in this case and Plaintiff’s motion.
23 Even assuming there is a sufficient nexus between these claims and relief sought,
24 the Court is doubtful it has the authority to grant the relief Plaintiff seeks. “A federal
25 court may issue an injunction if it has personal jurisdiction over the parties and subject
26 matter jurisdiction over the claim; it may not attempt to determine the rights of persons
27 not before the court.” Zepeda v. United States Immigration Service, 753 F.2d 719, 727
28 (9th Cir. 1985). RJD Warden R. Madden is not a party to this litigation. See Doc.
1 No. 104 at 5. And while CDCR Secretary Allison was joined in this action, the Court
2 specifically limited her involvement to Plaintiff’s request for replacement of his
3 typewriter. See Doc. No. 61 at 17 (joining “Secretary Allison in her official capacity
4 solely with respect to Plaintiff’s request for equitable relief in the form of replacement of
5 his typewriter”) (emphasis added). Consequently, the Court does not have jurisdiction to
6 order the CDCR and RJD’s Warden to maintain Plaintiff’s current housing placement
7 until the conclusion of this case.
8 Assuming the Court has the authority to enjoin RJD and the CDCR from
9 transferring Plaintiff, Plaintiff has not demonstrated he is entitled to such extraordinary
10 relief. Rule 65(b) sets forth the specific procedure required for the Court to grant
11 injunctive relief ex parte:
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13 The court may issue a temporary restraining order without written or oral
notice to the adverse party or its attorney only if:
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15 (A) specific facts in an affidavit or a verified complaint clearly show
that immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result to the
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movant before the adverse party can be heard in opposition; and
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(B) the movant’s attorney certifies in writing any efforts made to give
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notice and the reasons why it should not be required.
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20 Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)(1) (emphasis added).
21 Similarly, [a] plaintiff seeking injunctive relief “must establish [1] that he is likely
22 to succeed on the merits, [2] that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of
23 preliminary relief, [3] that the balance of equities tips in his favor, and [4] that an
24 injunction is in the public interest.” Am. Trucking Ass’ns, Inc. v. City of Los Angeles, 559
25 F.3d 1046, 1052 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Winter, 555 U.S. at 20). An injunction may
26 only be awarded upon a clear showing that the plaintiff is entitled to relief. Winter, 555
27 U.S. at 22. “Issuing a preliminary injunction based only on a possibility of irreparable
28 harm is inconsistent with our characterization of injunctive relief as an extraordinary
1 remedy that may only be awarded upon a clear showing that the plaintiff is entitled to
2 such relief.” Id.
3 Requests for prospective relief are further limited by the Prison Litigation Reform
4 Act, which requires that the Court find the “relief [sought] is narrowly drawn, extends no
5 further than necessary to correct the violation of the federal right, and is the least
6 intrusive means necessary to correct the violation of the federal right.” 18 U.S.C.
7 § 3626(a)(1)(A). Section 3626(a)(2) places significant limits upon a court’s power to
8 grant preliminary injunctive relief to inmates, and “operates simultaneously to restrict the
9 equity jurisdiction of federal courts and to protect the bargaining power of prison
10 administrators—no longer may courts grant or approve relief that binds prison
11 administrators to do more than the constitutional minimum.” Gilmore v. People of the
12 State of California, 220 F.3d 987, 998–99 (9th Cir. 2000). Further, a request for
13 preliminary injunction in the prison context must be viewed with great caution as judicial
14 restraint is especially called for when dealing with “the complex and intractable problems
15 of prison administration.” Goff v. Harper, 60 F.3d 518, 519 (8th Cir. 1995) (citations
16 omitted); see also Walker v. Woodford, 454 F. Supp. 2d 1007, 1030 (S.D. Cal. 2006).
17 Plaintiff fails to meet his burden of demonstrating entitlement to ex parte
18 injunctive relief. As to the procedural requirements, Plaintiff does not argue or otherwise
19 provide specific facts for why he will be irreparably harmed if Defendants are permitted
20 to respond to his motion. As a result, he fails to satisfy Rule 65(b)(1)(A). Moreover,
21 while Plaintiff contends that transfer is imminent, he does not demonstrate any
22 irreparable injury, loss, or damage that will result absent a temporary restraining order.
23 “This showing is the ‘single most important prerequisite for the issuance of a [TRO].’”
24 Harnden v. Perez, No. 21-CV-09231-LHK, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 254963, at *7 (N.D.
25 Cal. Dec. 8, 2021) (quoting Universal Semiconductor, Inc. v. Tuoi Vo, No. 5:16-CV-
26 04778-EJD, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 164513, 2016 WL 9211685, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Nov.
27 29, 2016)). In order to meet the “irreparable harm” requirement, Plaintiff must do more
28 than simply allege imminent harm; he “must demonstrate immediate threatened injury.”
1 || Caribbean Marine Servs. Co., Inc. v. Baldridge, 844 F.2d 668, 674 (9th Cir. 1988)
2 (emphasis in original). This requires Plaintiff to demonstrate by specific facts that he
3 || faces a credible threat of immediate and irreparable harm unless an injunction issues.
4 || Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b). “Speculative injury does not constitute irreparable injury sufficient
5 warrant granting a preliminary injunction.” Caribbean Marine, 844 F.2d at 674-75.
6 The Court is sympathetic to Plaintiff's age and medical conditions, which may
7 ||make level IT placement uncomfortable or less desirable than his current sleeping
8 arrangement. But mere discomfort, or a vague and unsupported contention that Plaintiff
9 || will “become a target for attack,” Doc. No. 104 at 2, is insufficient to warrant the
10 || extraordinary remedy of a temporary restraining order. Moreover, although Plaintiff
11 argues he will be prevented from taking depositions should he be transferred, this harm is
12 || purely conjectural. Plaintiff does not explain how a transfer will wholly foreclose the
13 || ability to take depositions; that the process may be more difficult or inconvenient does
14 amount to irreparable injury that warrants immediate ex parte relief. Plaintiffs
15 || assertions simply do not demonstrate that immediate, irreparable damage or injury will
16 |/result absent the Court’s intervention.
17 Consequently, the Court DENIES Plaintiff's ex parte motion for a temporary
18 || restraining order preventing his transfer to another prison.
19 IT IS SO ORDERED.
20 || Dated: November 8, 2022
21 BMaikuk lu - Jills
22 HON. MICHAEL M. ANELLO
23 United States District Judge
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