accepting Nebraska system 22 wherein no provision made for administrative review of disciplinary decisions
How later courts described this case
- accepting Nebraska system 22 wherein no provision made for administrative review of disciplinary decisions
- “prisoner’s right to 5 petition the government for redress ... is not compromised by the prison's refusal to 6 entertain his grievance.”
- holding party opposing summary judgment 5 must come forward with evidence showing triable issues of material fact on every essential 6 element of his claim
- district court’s discretion to deny leave to amend particularly broad where 25 plaintiff has previously filed an amended complaint
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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JOSHUA S. HERRERA,
11 Case No. 20-02035 BLF (PR)
Plaintiff,
12 ORDER OF PARTIAL DISMISSAL
v. AND OF SERVICE; DIRECTING
13 DEFENDANTS TO FILE
DISPOSITIVE MOTION OR
14 J. ORTEGA, et al., NOTICE REGARDING SUCH
MOTION; INSTRUCTIONS TO
15 Defendants. CLERK
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18 Plaintiff, a state prisoner at the Salinas Valley State Prison (“SVSP”), filed the
19 instant pro se civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against prison staff at SVSP
20 as well as an appeals examiner at the Office of Appeals. Dkt. No. 1. The Court dismissed
21 the original complaint with leave to amend for Plaintiff to attempt to allege sufficient facts
22 to state a cognizable First Amendment retaliation claim, and all other claims were
23 dismissed for failure to state a cognizable claim. Dkt. No. 10. Plaintiff filed an amended
24 complaint, Dkt. No. 13, which was also dismissed with leave to amend to correct various
25 deficiencies. Dkt. No. 14. The Court also dismissed several claims for failure to state a
26 claim. Id. at 6. Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint. Dkt. No. 15.
27 ///
1 DISCUSSION
2 A. Standard of Review
3 A federal court must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which a
4 prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a
5 governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). In its review, the court must identify any
6 cognizable claims and dismiss any claims that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim
7 upon which relief may be granted or seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune
8 from such relief. See id. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Pro se pleadings must, however, be liberally
9 construed. See Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1988).
10 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential
11 elements: (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was
12 violated, and (2) that the alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the
13 color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988).
14 B. Plaintiff’s Claims
15 The second amended complaint contains essentially the same allegations as the
16 amended complaint. Dkt. No. 15. Under the same five “causes of action,” Plaintiff
17 challenges a retaliatory search of his cell in connection with his filing an inmate grievance
18 regarding the placement of a confidential memo in his file. Id. Plaintiff claims that he was
19 denied due process when the “false” confidential memo was placed in his file without
20 procedural protections, and that Defendants subsequently violated his First Amendment
21 rights when they retaliated against him for refusing to withdraw the grievance and in
22 denying his appeals on the matter. Id.
23 1. Claim 1 - First Cause of Action
24 Under his first cause of action, Plaintiff claims that on June 11, 2019, Defendants J.
25 Ortega, R Castillo, B. Duran, and R. Cardona attempted to intimidate him into
26 withdrawing inmate appeal No. SVSP-19-02852, in which Plaintiff challenged the
1 Defendants proceeded to search his cell in retaliation. Id. at 4. Plaintiff claims that there
2 was no legitimate penological reason for the search as it was purely retaliatory, and that he
3 was intimidated enough not pursue his other 602 appeals challenging the false memo. Id.
4 at 5.
5 “Within the prison context, a viable claim of First Amendment retaliation entails
6 five basic elements: (1) An assertion that a state actor took some adverse action against an
7 inmate (2) because of (3) that prisoner’s protected conduct, and that such action (4) chilled
8 the inmate's exercise of his First Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not reasonably
9 advance a legitimate correctional goal.” Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68 (9th
10 Cir. 2005) (footnote omitted). As the Court previously found, Plaintiff’s allegations that
11 Defendants searched his cell because he refused to withdraw his inmate appeal and that
12 their actions chilled the exercise of his First Amendment rights without reasonably
13 advancing a legitimate correctional goal are sufficient to state a cognizable retaliation
14 claim. Id.; Dkt. No. 14 at 3.
15 Plaintiff’s claim that Defendants’ actions denied him his “substantive and
16 procedural rights to file a 602 appeal,” Dkt. No. 13 at 3, must be dismissed. As Plaintiff
17 was previously advised, there is no constitutional right to a prison administrative appeal or
18 grievance system. Dkt. No. 14 at 3, citing Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d 850, 860 (9th Cir.
19 2003); Mann v. Adams, 855 F.2d 639, 640 (9th Cir. 1988); see also Antonelli v. Sheahan,
20 81 F.3d 1422, 1430 (7th Cir. 1996); Garfield v. Davis, 566 F. Supp. 1069, 1074 (E.D. Pa.
21 1983); accord Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 565 (1974) (accepting Nebraska system
22 wherein no provision made for administrative review of disciplinary decisions).
23 Furthermore, California Code of Regulations, title 15 sections 1073 and 3084 grant
24 prisoners in the county jails and state prisons a purely procedural right: the right to have a
25 prison appeal. A provision that merely provides procedural requirements, even if
26 mandatory, cannot form the basis of a constitutionally cognizable liberty interest. See
1 (prison grievance procedure is procedural right that does not give rise to protected liberty
2 interest requiring procedural protections of Due Process Clause). Accordingly, this portion
3 of the claim must be dismissed for failure to state a claim.
4 2. Claim 2 - Second Cause of Action
5 Under his second cause of action, Plaintiff claims Defendants’ retaliatory search of
6 his cell on June 11, 2019, violated the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable
7 searches. Dkt. No. 13 at 6. Contrary to Plaintiff’s assertion that “the proscription against
8 unreasonable searches does in fact apply to prisoners,” Dkt. No. 15 at 6, there is no
9 legitimate subjective expectation of privacy that a prisoner might have in his prison cell
10 and, accordingly, the Fourth Amendment proscription against unreasonable searches does
11 not apply within the confines of the prison cell. See Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 525-
12 26 (1984). The recognition of privacy rights for prisoners in their individual cells simply
13 cannot be reconciled with the concept of incarceration and the needs and objectives of
14 penal institutions. See id. at 526. Accordingly, this Fourth Amendment claim must be
15 dismissed for failure to state a claim.
16 3. Claims 3 and 4 - Third and Fourth Causes of Action
17 Plaintiff’s third cause of action is against Defendant M. Valdez, who denied
18 Plaintiff’s inmate appeal, No. SVSP-19-02852, at the second level of review. Dkt. No. 13
19 at 7. Plaintiff’s fourth cause of action is against Defendant G. Bickham, for denying the
20 appeal at the third level of review. Id. at 8. Plaintiff claims Defendants Valdez and
21 Bickham violated his right to file a 602 appeal and right to be free from retaliation under
22 the First Amendment. Id. at 7, 8.
23 In its initial review of Plaintiff’s original complaint and screening of the amended
24 complaint, the Court advised him that he cannot state a due process claim based on the
25 denials of his inmate appeals. Dkt. No. 10 at 4; Dkt. No. 14 at 4. As stated above, see
26 supra at 3, California regulations set forth no substantive standards and merely provide
1 cognizable liberty interest. See Smith, 992 F.2d at 989. Although there certainly is a right
2 to petition the government for redress of grievances, see Bradley v. Hall, 64 F.3d 1276,
3 1279 (9th Cir. 1995) (a First Amendment right), there is no right to a response or any
4 particular action. See Flick v. Alba, 932 F.2d 728, 729 (8th Cir. 1991) (“prisoner’s right to
5 petition the government for redress ... is not compromised by the prison's refusal to
6 entertain his grievance.”). Based on the identical allegations from the amended complaint
7 which are repeated in the second amended complaint, Plaintiff was clearly not denied his
8 right to have a prison appeal, and his mere disagreement with the disposition of those
9 appeals does not give rise to a constitutional violation. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s claim that
10 Defendants Valdez and Bickham violated his right to file 602 appeals must be dismissed
11 for failure to state a claim.
12 Plaintiff repeats his claims that Defendant M. Valdez’s refusal to grant his appeal at
13 the second level of appeal and Defendant G. Bickham’s denial at the third level of appeal
14 constitute retaliation. Dkt. No. 15 at 7, 8. As the Court previously found, Plaintiff states a
15 cognizable retaliation claim against Defendants Valdez and Bickham based on his
16 allegation that they denied his appeals despite knowing that there was no evidence to
17 support the placement of the confidential memo in his file, or in other words, their actions
18 did not further a legitimate penological goal. Dkt. No. 14 at 5. He may proceed on a
19 retaliation claim against Defendants Valdez and Bickham.
20 4. Claim 5 - Fifth Cause of Action
21 Lastly, Plaintiff again repeats his claim that the inclusion of the false confidential
22 memo in his file and Defendants’ refusal to remove it violated his right to due process
23 under the Fourteenth Amendment. Dkt. No. 15 at 9. Plaintiff claims that the memo, which
24 was written by Defendant Castillo and approved by Defendant Mojica, was placed in his
25 file in December 2018, but that he did not become aware of it until May 2019. Id. After
26 Plaintiff learned of it, he filed an inmate grievance seeking to have the memo removed,
1 he was denied minimal procedural protections of adequate notice, an opportunity to be
2 heard, and periodic review. Id. at 10.
3 In dismissing this claim with leave to amend, the Court explained that Plaintiff
4 failed to provide any allegations with respect to how the inclusion of the false confidential
5 memo negatively impacted the conditions of his confinement, i.e., resulted in the
6 deprivation of a liberty interest of “real substance,” and thereby required the prison provide
7 the minimal procedural protections. Dkt. No. 14 at 6, citing Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S.
8 472, 484 (1995). Generally, “real substance” will be limited to freedom from (1) a
9 restraint that imposes “atypical and significant hardship on the inmate in relation to the
10 ordinary incidents of prison life,” id. at 484, or (2) state action that “will inevitably affect
11 the duration of [a] sentence,” Sandin, 515 U.S. at 487. Plaintiff was instructed to state
12 sufficient facts to state a due process claim and advised that if he did not suffer any
13 deprivation by the placement of confidential memo in his file, then he cannot state a
14 procedural due process claim. Dkt. No. 14 at 6. If Plaintiff did suffer a deprivation, he
15 must show that the deprivation was one of “real substance.” Id., citing Jones v. Moran,
16 900 F. Supp. 1267, 1273-74 (N.D. Cal. 1995) (Wilken, J.) (adopting Justice Breyer’s two-
17 prong analysis of Sandin majority opinion).
18 Plaintiff has failed to provide the additional allegations in the second amended
19 complaint to state a due process claim because he has merely repeated the same
20 insufficient allegations from the amended complaint. Compare Dkt. No. 13 at 10-11 with
21 Dkt. No. 15 at 10-11. Plaintiff was already afforded one opportunity to amend, and the
22 Court finds no good cause to grant him another opportunity where the deficiencies from
23 the previous complaint remain the same. Wagh v. Metris Direct, Inc., 363 F.3d 821, 830
24 (9th Cir. 2003) (district court’s discretion to deny leave to amend particularly broad where
25 plaintiff has previously filed an amended complaint); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258,
26 1261 (9th Cir. 1992). Accordingly, this claim must be dismissed for failure to state a
1 CONCLUSION
2 For the reasons state above, the Court orders as follows:
3 1. Plaintiff’s claims under the Fourth Amendment (claim 2), the denial of his
4 right to process 602 appeals (parts of claims 1, 3 and 4), and under the Fourteenth
5 Amendment (claim 5) are DISMISSED for failure to state a claim.
6 This action shall proceed on the only cognizable claim in the second amended
7 complaint for retaliation (parts of claims 1, 3 and 4) against Defendants J. Ortega, R.
8 Castillo, B. Duran, R. Cardona, M. Valdez, and G. Bickham. See supra at 3, 5.
9 Defendant R. Mojica shall be dismissed from this action because there remain no
10 cognizable claims against him. The Clerk shall terminate Defendant Mojica from this
11 action.
12 2. The following defendants shall be served:
13 a. Lt. J. Ortega, SVSP - Investigative Services Unit (ISU)
14 b. Correctional Officer R. Castillo, SVSP - ISU
15 c. Correctional Officer B. Duran, SVSP - ISU
16 d. Correctional Officer R. Cardona, SVSP - ISU
17 e. Sgt. M. Valdez, SVSP - ISU
18 f. G. Bickham, Appeals Examiner – Office of Appeals
19 Service on the listed defendant(s) shall proceed under the California Department of
20 Corrections and Rehabilitation’s (CDCR) e-service program for civil rights cases from
21 prisoners in CDCR custody. In accordance with the program, the clerk is directed to serve
22 on CDCR via email the following documents: the operative complaint, and any
23 attachments thereto, Dkt. No. 15 (second amended complaint), a copy of the court’s
24 “Order of Partial Dismissal and with Leave to Amend,” Dkt. No. 14, this order of service,
25 a CDCR Report of E-Service Waiver form and a summons. The clerk also shall serve a
26 copy of this order on the plaintiff.
1 provide the court a completed CDCR Report of E-Service Waiver advising the court which
2 defendant(s) listed in this order will be waiving service of process without the need for
3 service by the United States Marshal Service (USMS) and which defendant(s) decline to
4 waive service or could not be reached. CDCR also shall provide a copy of the CDCR
5 Report of E-Service Waiver to the California Attorney General’s Office which, within 21
6 days, shall file with the court a waiver of service of process for the defendant(s) who are
7 waiving service.
8 Upon receipt of the CDCR Report of E-Service Waiver, the clerk shall prepare for
9 each defendant who has not waived service according to the CDCR Report of E-Service
10 Waiver a USM-205 Form. The clerk shall provide to the USMS the completed USM-205
11 forms and copies of this order, the summons and the operative complaint for service upon
12 each defendant who has not waived service. The clerk also shall provide to the USMS a
13 copy of the CDCR Report of E-Service Waiver.
14 3. No later than ninety-one (91) days from the date this order is filed,
15 Defendants shall file a motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion with
16 respect to the claims in the complaint found to be cognizable above.
17 a. Any motion for summary judgment shall be supported by adequate
18 factual documentation and shall conform in all respects to Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of
19 Civil Procedure. Defendants are advised that summary judgment cannot be granted, nor
20 qualified immunity found, if material facts are in dispute. If any Defendant is of the
21 opinion that this case cannot be resolved by summary judgment, he shall so inform the
22 Court prior to the date the summary judgment motion is due.
23 b. In the event Defendants file a motion for summary judgment, the
24 Ninth Circuit has held that Plaintiff must be concurrently provided the appropriate
25 warnings under Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 963 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc). See
26 Woods v. Carey, 684 F.3d 934, 940 (9th Cir. 2012).
1 and served on Defendants no later than twenty-eight (28) days from the date Defendants’
2 motion is filed.
3 Plaintiff is also advised to read Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and
4 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986) (holding party opposing summary judgment
5 must come forward with evidence showing triable issues of material fact on every essential
6 element of his claim). Plaintiff is cautioned that failure to file an opposition to
7 Defendants’ motion for summary judgment may be deemed to be a consent by Plaintiff to
8 the granting of the motion and granting of judgment against Plaintiff without a trial. See
9 Ghazali v. Moran, 46 F.3d 52, 53–54 (9th Cir. 1995) (per curiam); Brydges v. Lewis, 18
10 F.3d 651, 653 (9th Cir. 1994).
11 5. Defendants shall file a reply brief no later than fourteen (14) days after
12 Plaintiff’s opposition is filed.
13 6. The motion shall be deemed submitted as of the date the reply brief is due.
14 No hearing will be held on the motion unless the Court so orders at a later date.
15 7. All communications by the Plaintiff with the Court must be served on
16 Defendants, or Defendants’ counsel once counsel has been designated, by mailing a true
17 copy of the document to Defendants or Defendants’ counsel.
18 8. Discovery may be taken in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil
19 Procedure. No further court order under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(a)(2) or Local
20 Rule 16-1 is required before the parties may conduct discovery.
21 9. It is Plaintiff’s responsibility to prosecute this case. Plaintiff must keep the
22 court informed of any change of address and must comply with the court’s orders in a
23 timely fashion. Failure to do so may result in the dismissal of this action for failure to
24 prosecute pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b).
25 10. Extensions of time must be filed no later than the deadline sought to be
26 extended and must be accompanied by a showing of good cause.
1 IT IS SO ORDERED.
2 || Dated: September 23, 2021 k OM Ly h omer)
BETH LABSON FREEMAN
3 United States District Judge
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Order of Partial Dismissal and Service
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