The opinion
1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
2 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
3
4 BOARDS OF TRUSTEES OF THE SHEET Case No. 20-cv-01425-JD
METAL WORKERS PENSION TRUST OF
5 NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, et al.,
ORDER RE MOTION TO DISMISS
Plaintiffs,
6
Re: Dkt. No. 12
v.
7
8 DOUGLAS LEVERING,
Defendant.
9
10 Plaintiffs are a group of employee benefit plans and their fiduciaries. They have sued to
11 enforce an arbitration award against defendant Douglas Levering, who is named “individually and
12 doing business as Douglas Heating and Cooling (also known as Douglas Heating & Cooling).”
13 Dkt. No. 1 ¶ 2. Levering asks to dismiss the complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
14 12(b)(6) on the sole ground that he is not personally liable for the award. Dkt. No. 12. The
15 motion is denied.
16 As alleged in the complaint, Levering executed a Standard Form Union Agreement
17 (SFUA) with the Sheet Metal Workers International Association Local Union No. 104 (Union)
18 and the Bay Area Association of Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National
19 Association Chapters. Dkt. No. 1 ¶ 9. Levering signed in his capacity as president of Douglas
20 Heating & Cooling. Id. Plaintiffs were third-party beneficiaries of this contract. Id.
21 In January 2019, Levering announced that he was shutting down his business. Id. ¶ 15.
22 Despite that, he subsequently told the Union that he still intended to perform work covered by the
23 SFUA and other bargaining agreements, but not as a Union contractor. Id. ¶ 17. The Union
24 initiated a grievance proceeding under the SFUA, which provided for arbitration before a Local
25 Joint Adjustment Board (LJAB), and for enforcement of awards in a court of “competent
26 jurisdiction.” Id. ¶¶ 10-12, 18-19. Levering did not appear at the duly noticed LJAB hearing. Id.
27 ¶¶ 20-22. The LJAB issued an award in the amount of $132,302.60 against Douglas Heating &
1 any portion of it to plaintiffs. Id. 9] 27, 29.
2 Well-established standards govern Levering’s motion to dismiss. See, e.g., Wondeh v.
3 Change Healthcare Practice Mgmt. Sols., Inc., No. 19-CV-07824-JD, 2020 WL 5630268, at *2
4 || (N_D. Cal. Sept. 21, 2020). The Court applies those standards here, and the parties’ familiarity
5 with them is assumed.
6 Dismissal is denied because Levering raises what is in effect a factual challenge to the
7 complaint. Plaintiffs alleged that Levering is personally liable for the award because his company
8 || was a doing-business-as or d/b/a entity, which “is merely descriptive of the person or corporation
9 who does business under some other name. Doing business under another name does not create an
10 || entity distinct from the person operating the business. The business name is a fiction, and so too is
11 any implication that the business is a legal entity separate from its owner.” People v. Eastburn,
12 189 Cal. App. 4th 1501, 1506 (2010) (internal citations, quotations, and alterations omitted).
5 13 Levering says that he is not liable because his company was a corporation and Levering is
14 || protected by the corporate form from personal liability. See Dkt. No. 12 at 2. Both parties
3 15 submitted documents outside the complaint to support their arguments. See Dkt. Nos. 13, 20, 21.
16 || This evidence might be appropriate in a summary judgment context or at trial, but not here for this
3 17 Rule 12(b)(6) pleadings challenge. See Heidingsfelder v. Ameriprise Auto & Home Ins., No. 19-
18 CV-08255-JD, 2020 WL 5702111, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 24, 2020). The Court declines to take
19 || judicial notice of the documents or infer from them the truth of any disputed facts in the
20 complaint. See Khoja v. Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc., 899 F.3d 988, 999, 1003 (9th Cir. 2018).
21 All of the notice requests are denied.
22 The parties are free to file early summary judgment motions as they believe the record
23 warrants. Multiple summary judgments are not permitted, so the parties should be mindful of how
24 || they would like to proceed. A case management conference is set for April 8, 2021, at 10:00 a.m.
25 IT IS SO ORDERED.
26 || Dated: February 2, 2021
27
28 JAMES PONATO
United States District Judge