“an ‘amended complaint 27 supersedes the original, the latter being treated thereafter as non-existent.’” (internal citation 28 omitted)
How later courts described this case
- “an ‘amended complaint 27 supersedes the original, the latter being treated thereafter as non-existent.’” (internal citation 28 omitted)
- “[A] judge may dismiss [in forma pauperis] claims which are based on indisputably 16 meritless legal theories or whose factual contentions are clearly baseless.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11 DAVID ARTHUR DEPONTE, No. 2:24-cv-01262 CSK P
12 Plaintiff,
13 v. ORDER
14 BOWMAN, et al.,
15 Defendants.
16
17 Plaintiff is a state prisoner proceeding pro se. Plaintiff seeks relief pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
18 § 1983 and requested leave to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. This
19 proceeding was referred to this court by Local Rule 302 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1).
20 Plaintiff submitted a declaration that makes the showing required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a).
21 Accordingly, the request to proceed in forma pauperis is granted.
22 Plaintiff is required to pay the statutory filing fee of $350.00 for this action. 28 U.S.C.
23 §§ 1914(a), 1915(b)(1). By this order, plaintiff is assessed an initial partial filing fee in
24 accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). By separate order, the court will direct
25 the appropriate agency to collect the initial partial filing fee from plaintiff’s trust account and
26 forward it to the Clerk of the Court. Thereafter, plaintiff is obligated to make monthly payments
27 of twenty percent of the preceding month’s income credited to plaintiff’s trust account. These
28 payments will be forwarded by the appropriate agency to the Clerk of the Court each time the
1 amount in plaintiff’s account exceeds $10.00, until the filing fee is paid in full. 28 U.S.C.
2 § 1915(b)(2).
3 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a
4 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The
5 court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner raised claims that are legally
6 “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or that seek
7 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2).
8 A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact.
9 Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th
10 Cir. 1984). The court may, therefore, dismiss a claim as frivolous when it is based on an
11 indisputably meritless legal theory or where the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke,
12 490 U.S. at 327. The critical inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully
13 pleaded, has an arguable legal and factual basis. See Jackson v. Arizona, 885 F.2d 639, 640 (9th
14 Cir. 1989), superseded by statute as stated in Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130-31 (9th Cir.
15 2000) (“[A] judge may dismiss [in forma pauperis] claims which are based on indisputably
16 meritless legal theories or whose factual contentions are clearly baseless.”); Franklin, 745 F.2d at
17 1227.
18 Rule 8(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure “requires only ‘a short and plain
19 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,’ in order to ‘give the
20 defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.’” Bell Atlantic
21 Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47 (1957)).
22 In order to survive dismissal for failure to state a claim, a complaint must contain more than “a
23 formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action;” it must contain factual allegations
24 sufficient “to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atlantic, 550 U.S. at 555.
25 However, “[s]pecific facts are not necessary; the statement [of facts] need only ‘give the
26 defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.’” Erickson v.
27 Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93 (2007) (quoting Bell Atlantic, 550 U.S. at 555, citations and internal
28 quotations marks omitted). In reviewing a complaint under this standard, the court must accept as
1 true the allegations of the complaint in question, Erickson, 551 U.S. at 93, and construe the
2 pleading in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236
3 (1974), overruled on other grounds, Davis v. Scherer, 468 U.S. 183 (1984).
4 Named as defendants are California Medical Facility (“CMF”) Warden Queava and CMF
5 Education Principal Bowman. (ECF No. 1 at 1.) Plaintiff alleges that from 2008 to 2023, his
6 reading Test of Adult Basic Education (“TABE”) score was 12.9. (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff alleges that
7 in July 2023, he filed a grievance alleging that Solano Community College would not put money
8 on plaintiff’s account and was stealing plaintiff’s college money. (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that
9 defendant Bowman fraudulently changed plaintiff’s reading score from 12.9 to 7.0. (Id.)
10 Plaintiff alleges that he put defendant Queava on legal notice about defendant Bowman’s actions,
11 but Queava did nothing about it. (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that his grievances were rejected. (Id.)
12 Plaintiff alleges, “I graduated in 2008 but did not take any test since 2008 to change my reading
13 level. (Retaliation).” (Id.)
14 The legal grounds of plaintiff’s complaint are not entirely clear, although it appears that
15 plaintiff may claim that defendant Bowman changed plaintiff’s reading score in retaliation for
16 plaintiff filing the grievance against Solano Community College.
17 “Within the prison context, a viable claim of First Amendment retaliation entails five
18 basic elements: (1) An assertion that a state actor took some adverse action against an inmate
19 (2) because of (3) that prisoner’s protected conduct, and that such action (4) chilled the inmate’s
20 exercise of his First Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not reasonably advance a legitimate
21 correctional goal.” Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68 (9th Cir. 2005) (footnote omitted).
22 Plaintiff does not plead sufficient facts demonstrating that defendant Bowman changed
23 plaintiff’s reading score because of his grievance against Solano Community College. For this
24 reason, this Court finds that plaintiff does not state a potentially colorable retaliation claim against
25 defendant Bowman. Accordingly, plaintiff’s retaliation claim against defendant Bowman is
26 dismissed.
27 Plaintiff alleges that he informed defendant Queava of defendant Bowman’s misconduct,
28 but defendant Queava did nothing. Based on these allegations, defendant Queava may be liable if
1 defendant Bowman violated plaintiff’s constitutional rights. Plaintiff does not state a potentially
2 colorable claim for relief against defendant Queava because plaintiff does not state a potentially
3 colorable claim for relief against defendant Bowman. Accordingly, the claim against defendant
4 Queava is dismissed.
5 If plaintiff files an amended complaint naming defendant Queava, plaintiff is informed
6 that “[s]upervisory prison officials may be liable under § 1983 if they were ‘personally involved
7 in the constitutional deprivation or a sufficient causal connection exists between [their] unlawful
8 conduct and the constitutional violation.’” Rico v. Ducart, 980 F.3d 1292, 1303 (9th Cir. 2020)
9 (quoting Lemire v. California Dep’s of Corr. & Rehab., 726 F.3d 1062, 1085 (9th Cir. 2013)).
10 “This causal connection can be established by ‘knowingly refusing to terminate a series of acts by
11 others, which the supervisor[s] knew or should have known would cause others to inflict a
12 constitutional injury.’” Id. (quoting Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1207-08 (9th Cir. 2011)).
13 If plaintiff chooses to amend the complaint, plaintiff must demonstrate how the conditions
14 about which he complains resulted in a deprivation of plaintiff’s constitutional rights. See e.g.,
15 West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). Also, the complaint must allege in specific terms how
16 each named defendant is involved. Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 371 (1976). There can be no
17 liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 unless there is some affirmative link or connection between a
18 defendant’s actions and the claimed deprivation. Rizzo, 423 U.S. at 371; May v. Enomoto, 633
19 F.2d 164, 167 (9th Cir. 1980). Furthermore, vague and conclusory allegations of official
20 participation in civil rights violations are not sufficient. Ivey v. Bd. of Regents, 673 F.2d 266,
21 268 (9th Cir. 1982).
22 In addition, plaintiff is informed that the court cannot refer to a prior pleading in order to
23 make plaintiff’s amended complaint complete. Local Rule 220 requires that an amended
24 complaint be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. This requirement exists
25 because, as a general rule, an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. See Ramirez
26 v. County of San Bernardino, 806 F.3d 1002, 1008 (9th Cir. 2015) (“an ‘amended complaint
27 supersedes the original, the latter being treated thereafter as non-existent.’” (internal citation
28 omitted)). Once plaintiff files an amended complaint, the original pleading no longer serves any
1 function in the case. Therefore, in an amended complaint, as in an original complaint, each claim
2 and the involvement of each defendant must be sufficiently alleged.
3 On April 25, 2024, plaintiff filed a motion to place more than 25 documents on the record.
4 (ECF No. 9.) Attached to this motion are 132 pages of exhibits. (Id.) These exhibits appear
5 related to the claims raised in the instant action. Plaintiff’s motion to file these exhibits is
6 granted. Plaintiff is informed that an amended complaint must include all claims against all
7 defendants. In other words, plaintiff may not rely on exhibits to state his claims. The court is not
8 required to review exhibits or other filings to determine whether plaintiff’s amended complaint
9 states potentially colorable claims for relief.
10 In accordance with the above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
11 1. Plaintiff’s request for leave to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) is granted.
12 2. Plaintiff is obligated to pay the statutory filing fee of $350.00 for this action. Plaintiff
13 is assessed an initial partial filing fee in accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C.
14 § 1915(b)(1). All fees shall be collected and paid in accordance with this court’s order to the
15 Director of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation filed concurrently
16 herewith.
17 3. Plaintiff’s complaint is dismissed.
18 4. Within thirty days from the date of this order, plaintiff shall complete the attached
19 Notice of Amendment and submit the following documents to the court:
20 a. The completed Notice of Amendment; and
21 b. An original of the Amended Complaint.
22 Plaintiff’s amended complaint shall comply with the requirements of the Civil Rights Act, the
23 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and the Local Rules of Practice. The amended complaint must
24 also bear the docket number assigned to this case and must be labeled “Amended Complaint.”
25 Failure to file an amended complaint in accordance with this order may result in the dismissal of
26 this action.
27 5. Plaintiff’s motion to place more than 25 documents on the record (ECF No. 9) is
28 granted.
Dated: May 7, 2024 7
Cha Spo
3 CHI SOO KIM
4 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
5
6 prem
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
DAVID ARTHUR DEPONTE, No. 2:24-cv-01262 CSK P
11
Plaintiff,
12
v. NOTICE OF AMENDMENT
13
JESSICA BOWMAN, et al.,
14
Defendants.
15
16 Plaintiff hereby submits the following document in compliance with the court’s order
17 filed______________.
18 _____________ Amended Complaint
DATED:
19
20 ________________________________
Plaintiff
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28