The opinion
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9 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
10 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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12 DeCHERI HAFER, Case No. 1:22-cv-00808-AWI-SKO
13 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION TO
DISMISS FOR LACK OF JURISDICTION
14 v.
(Docs. 11 & 15)
15 FARMERS INSURANCE AGENCY,
21-DAY DEADLINE
16 Defendant.
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18 I. INTRODUCTION
19 Plaintiff DeCheri Hafer is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this action. Plaintiff
20 filed her complaint in the United States District Court for the Central District of California June 21,
21 2022. (Doc. 1). The case was transferred, sua sponte, to this Court on June 30, 2022. (See Doc.
22 8.)
23 On June 8, 2022, the undersigned screened the complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)
24 and found that it failed to state any cognizable claims over which this Court would have subject
25 matter jurisdiction. (Doc. 11.) Specifically, the undersigned found that, although Plaintiff brought
26 this action based on diversity jurisdiction, Plaintiff’s alleged $2 billion amount in controversy was
27 “wholly unsubstantiated” because Plaintiff’s “claims appear to be based on Defendant’s improper
28 conduct stemming from Plaintiff’s car accident with Defendant’s insured, yet Plaintiff does not
1 allege any specific damages (e.g., costs of auto repair, medical expenses, etc.).” (Id. at 4.) Plaintiff
2 was granted thirty days in which to file an amended complaint and to “substantiate her alleged $2
3 billion amount in controversy by submitting declarations and other evidence specifying the nature
4 and amount of Plaintiff’s damages and by providing declaration evidence regarding the subject
5 insurance policy’s limits.” (Id.)
6 On November 16, 2022, Plaintiff filed an amended complaint. (See Doc. 15.) The amended
7 complaint does not attach any declarations or other evidence substantiating her $2 billion claim, as
8 the undersigned directed. Instead, it appears to contain the same general information and
9 allegations as that in the original complaint, particularly with respect to the amount in controversy.
10 In the amended complaint, Plaintiff again makes the conclusory assertion that the amount in
11 controversy is $2 billion in damages as a result of Defendant’s improper conduct stemming from
12 Plaintiff’s car accident with Defendant’s insured. (See id. at 4, 6–7, 9.)
13 II. DISCUSSION
14 Generally, “the sum claimed by the plaintiff controls if the claim is apparently made in good
15 faith.” Chouduri v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. 15-cv-03608-VC, 2016 WL 3212454, at *3 (N.D.
16 Cal. June 10, 2016) (quoting St. Paul Mercury Indem. Co. v. Red Cab Co., 303 U.S. 283, 288–89
17 (1938)). Making a claim in “good faith” means a plaintiff’s “estimations of the amounts
18 recoverable must be realistic” and objective, not based on “fanciful, pie-in-the-sky, or simply
19 wishful amounts.” Id. A district court has an “independent obligation to examine its jurisdiction
20 where doubts arise,” and “would be remiss in its obligations if it accepted every claim of damages
21 at face value . . . .” Surber v. Reliance Nat. Indem. Co., 110 F. Supp. 2d 1227, 1231 (N.D. Cal.
22 2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). Even liberally construing a complaint, as a court must
23 when a plaintiff is proceeding pro se, “the [c]ourt must still have some allegations from which it
24 ‘may infer a good faith basis for recovery of damages in such an amount.’” Singman v.
25 Amazon.com, Inc., No. CV 19-10882-AB (Ex), 2020 WL 4873569, at *4 (C.D. Cal. May 27, 2020)
26 (quoting Neat-N-Tidy Co. v. Tradepower (Holdings) Ltd., 777 F. Supp. 1153, 1156 (S.D.N.Y.
27 1991)).
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1 Here, Plaintiff’s amended complaint includes only a bare figure, with no facts supporting
2 the sought-after amount as realistic or recoverable. Such “bare unsupported assertions as to the
3 amount in controversy will not satisfy the jurisdictional requirement.” Brown v. Bury, No. 1:11-
4 cv-01520-LJO-MJS, 2012 WL 112645, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 12, 2012); see also Choudhuri, 2016
5 WL 3212454, at *3 (“[Plaintiff’s] bald assertion that the amount in controversy ‘is approximately
6 $1 million’ is insufficient to establish that the amount in controversy actually exceeds the
7 jurisdictional threshold.”).
8 III. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION
9 The undersigned finds that Plaintiff’s $2 billion amount in controversy alleged in the
10 amended complaint is wholly unsubstantiated. Accordingly, the undersigned HEREBY
11 RECOMMENDS this case be dismissed, without leave to amend, for lack of subject matter
12 jurisdiction.1
13 These Findings and Recommendation will be submitted to the United States District Judge
14 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l)(B). Within twenty-
15 one (21) days after being served with these Findings and Recommendation, Plaintiff may file
16 written objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate
17 Judge’s Findings and Recommendation.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within
18 the specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d
19 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)).
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IT IS SO ORDERED.
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22 Dated: December 8, 2022 /s/ Sheila K. Oberto .
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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1 Once the court has already granted a plaintiff leave to amend a complaint, as here, the court’s discretion in determining
whether to allow additional opportunities to amend is particularly broad. Sateriale v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 697
F.3d 777, 794 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting Miller v. Yokohama Tire Corp., 358 F.3d 616,622 (9th Cir. 2004)); Chodos v.
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West Publishing Co., 292 F.3d 992, 1003 (9th Cir. 2002). Further amendment is not appropriate in this case, as Plaintiff
has twice demonstrated that she is unable to marshal facts sufficient to substantiate her $2 billion amount in
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controversy. The granting of further leave to amend would therefore be futile. See California Architectural Bldg.
Prod. v. Franciscan Ceramics, 818 F.2d 1466, 1472 (9th Cir. 1988) (“Valid reasons for denying leave to amend include
28 undue delay, bad faith, prejudice, and futility.”).