privilege only applies if “disclosure subject to a 4 carefully crafted protective order would create a substantial risk of harm to significant 5 governmental or privacy interests”
How later courts described this case
- privilege only applies if “disclosure subject to a 4 carefully crafted protective order would create a substantial risk of harm to significant 5 governmental or privacy interests”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
1 ROB BONTA, State Bar No. 202668
Attorney General of California
2 JON S. ALLIN, State Bar No. 155069
Supervising Deputy Attorney General
3 BRIAN S. CHAN, State Bar No. 299926
Deputy Attorney General
4 DAVID E. KUCHINSKY, State Bar No. 292861
Deputy Attorney General
5 1300 I Street, Suite 125
P.O. Box 944255
6 Sacramento, CA 94244-2550
Telephone: (916) 210-7666
7 Fax: (916) 324-5205
E-mail: David.Kuchinsky@doj.ca.gov
8 Attorneys for Defendants J. Lynch, D. Garland,
M. Jordan, W. Lieber, H. Chavez, D. Sykes,
9 J. Gomez, and J. Carothers
10 CLAUDIA C. BOHORQUEZ, ESQ. State Bar No. 150647
LAW OFFICES OF CLAUDIA C. BOHORQUEZ
11 5670 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1800
Los Angeles, CA 90036
12 Telephone: (323) 648-6761
Fax: (323) 978-6637
13 E-mail: cbohorquez@bohorquezlawgroup.com
Attorneys for Plaintiff Ma Rosario Bueno Zaragoza
14 Estate of Luis Giovanny Aguilar
15
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
16
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
17
SACRAMENTO DIVISION
18
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20 ZARAGOZA, et al., Case No. 2:21-cv-02294 TLN-JDP
21 Plaintiff, STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER
22 v. Local Rule 141.1
23 Judge: Hon. Jeremy D. Peterson
LYNCH, et al., Action Filed: December 10, 2021
24
Defendants.
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1 IT IS STIPULATED BY THE PARTIES, BY AND THROUGH THEIR
2 RESPECTIVE COUNSEL, AND ORDERED BY THE COURT AS FOLLOWS:
3 I. CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL SUBJECT TO THIS PROTECTIVE ORDER
4 Plaintiff Zaragoza, the mother of deceased inmate Luis Giovanny Aguilar, has filed an
5 amended complaint alleging that Defendants were complicit in Aguilar’s death or failed to protect
6 him from a substantial risk of harm on December 12, 2019, when Aguilar was stabbed to death by
7 two inmates at the California State Prison, Sacramento in Represa, California.
8 As a result of the incident, prison staff immediately launched a confidential investigation
9 into Plaintiff’s allegations, which included taking statements from witnesses and alleged
10 participants, collecting and preserving physical evidence, including surveillance video footage
11 and photographs documenting the incident and investigation, and reviewing inmate files and
12 communications. The results of the investigation were recorded in confidential reports and
13 memoranda. The reports and memoranda contain highly sensitive information including, among
14 other things: confidential and protected information regarding Aguilar and the alleged participants
15 in the assault, the names and CDCR numbers of other CDCR inmates, identifying information of
16 CDCR staff members and/or contractors, confidential disciplinary records, video footage,
17 photographs, letters written by inmates, and operational procedures for the unit in which Aguilar
18 died.
19 The parties acknowledge that this order does not confer blanket protections on all
20 disclosures or responses to discovery and that the protection it affords from public disclosure and
21 use extends only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential treatment
22 under the applicable legal principles. The parties further acknowledge that this protective order
23 does not entitle the parties to file confidential information under seal. Local rule 141 sets forth
24 the procedures that must be followed and the standards that will be applied when a party seeks
25 permission from the court to file material under seal.
26 II. NEED FOR PROTECTION OF CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL
27 Defendants contend that the confidential reports, memoranda, documents, and
28 communications discussed above are protected by the official information privilege under federal
1 law and, but for this protective order, should not be disclosed. Kerr v. United States Dist. Ct. for
2 N.D. Cal., 511 F.2d 192, 198 (9th Cir. 1975), aff’d, 426 U.S. 394 (1976); see also Kelly v. City of
3 San Jose, 114 F.R.D. 653, 670 (N.D. Cal. 1987) (privilege only applies if “disclosure subject to a
4 carefully crafted protective order would create a substantial risk of harm to significant
5 governmental or privacy interests”). Defendants also contend that, absent this protective order,
6 disclosure of the reports and memoranda could jeopardize the safety and security of California
7 prisons—in particular, it could jeopardize the safety of participants and witnesses, as well as
8 interfere with and compromise CDCR’s ability to conduct investigations into serious incidents
9 and allegations of misconduct. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3321 (a)(1)(2)(5), 3450(d) (2019).
10 Unprotected disclosure of the reports and memoranda would also violate the privacy rights of
11 third-party inmates, officers, and non-inmates mentioned in the reports and memoranda Cal.
12 Const. art. I, § 1; Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.24.
13 III. NEED FOR A COURT ORDER
14 In this action, Plaintiff has propounded requests for the production of documents, which
15 include the confidential reports, memoranda, interviews, and evidence described above. A private
16 agreement among the parties is not sufficient to protect CDCR’s interests, and those of third
17 parties, in maintaining the confidentiality of these documents and materials.
18 Accordingly, to expedite the flow of information, to facilitate the prompt resolution of
19 disputes over confidentiality of discovery materials, to ensure the parties are permitted reasonably
20 necessary uses of such material in preparation for and in the conduct of trial, and serve the ends of
21 justice, a protective order for such information is justified in this matter.
22 IV. CONDITIONS FOR RELEASE OF CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS
23 The Court orders the following to protect the confidentiality of the documents described
24 above:
25 1. The provisions of this Protective Order apply to the documents or materials
26 designated by Defendants as “CONFIDENTIAL” or “CONFIDENTIAL –SUBJECT TO
27 PROTECTIVE ORDER”. The Court-issued Protective Order applies because the designated
28 documents or materials contain confidential information, which if shared, could jeopardize the
1 safety and security of CDCR institutions, its employees, inmates, informants and their families, or
2 other individuals.
3 a. The designation of “CONFIDENTIAL” is intended to encompass documents or
4 materials that Defendants, CDCR, or any nonparties in good faith believe contain information that
5 would not ordinarily be disclosed to other persons or entities because the information is
6 confidential under state or federal law or protected by privilege.
7 b. The designation of “CONFIDENTIAL – SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE
8 ORDER” is intended to encompass documents or materials that Defendants, CDCR, or any
9 nonparties in good faith believe contain information that is particularly sensitive and therefore
10 requires the utmost level of protection. This designation will only be used when the material, if
11 shared, could jeopardize the safety and security of CDCR institutions, its employees, inmates,
12 informants and their families, the Defendants, or other individuals.
13 c. Each party or non-party who designates information or items for protection
14 under this order must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that qualifies
15 under the appropriate standards. The designating party must designate for protection only those
16 parts of material, documents, items, or oral or written communications that qualify so that other
17 portions of the material, documents, items, or communications for which protection is not
18 warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this order. Mass, indiscriminate, or
19 routinized designations are prohibited. Designations that are shown to be clearly unjustified or
20 that have been made for an improper purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber the case
21 development process or to impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may
22 expose the designating party to sanctions. If it comes to the designating party’s attention that
23 information or items that it designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that
24 designating party must promptly notify all other parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable
25 designation.
26 2. The designation of information or materials for purposes of this Protective Order shall
27 be made in the following manner by the party or nonparty seeking protection:
28 / / /
1 a. In the case of documents, exhibits, briefs filed with the Court, or other
2 materials, excluding depositions or other pretrial and trial testimony, the designating party shall
3 clearly designate the document as either “CONFIDENTIAL” or “CONFIDENTIAL —
4 SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER” on the first page and each page containing any
5 confidential information. If the document was produced in electronic format, the designating
6 party shall designate the confidential document by physically labeling the outside of any media
7 storing the electronic documents. The confidential designation (“CONFIDENTIAL” or
8 “CONFIDENTIAL – SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER”) shall be placed in a manner that
9 does not interfere with the documents’ legibility and shall not be placed diagonally across pages
10 or overlaid on top of text in any manner.
11 b. In the case of depositions or other pretrial testimony, the designating party
12 shall, through counsel, state on the record what portions of the transcript shall be designated
13 “CONFIDENTIAL” or “CONFIDENTIAL — SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER.” The
14 parties may modify this procedure for any particular deposition or proceeding through agreement
15 on the record at such deposition or proceeding or otherwise by written stipulation. In no event,
16 shall an entire deposition be deemed “CONFIDENTIAL” or “CONFIDENTIAL – SUBJECT TO
17 PROTECTIVE ORDER.”
18 c. The designation shall be made: (i) at the time such materials are disclosed or as
19 soon as possible thereafter; or (ii) as soon thereafter as Defendants, CDCR, or any nonparties
20 become aware of an inadvertent production without a confidential designation.
21 3. Information or materials designated as “CONFIDENTIAL” or “CONFIDENTIAL —
22 SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER” under this Protective Order, or copies or extracts and
23 compilations therefrom, may be disclosed, described, characterized, or communicated only to the
24 following persons and only once the receiving party has agreed in writing to be bound by this
25 order:
26 a. Counsel of record for Plaintiffs in this action, staff counsel, associated counsel,
27 and of/outside counsel working on this action, as well as their support staff;
28 b. The attorney(s) of record for Defendants and CDCR;
1 c. The parties to this action;
2 d. Paralegal, stenographic, clerical and secretarial personnel regularly employed
3 by counsel for Plaintiff, Defendants, CDCR, and any nonparties, who are necessary to aid counsel
4 for Plaintiff, Defendants, CDCR, and any nonparties in the litigation of this matter;
5 e. Court personnel and their staff;
6 f. Stenographic reporters and their staff;
7 g. Professional vendors, persons or entities that provide litigation support services
8 (e.g., jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing
9 exhibits or demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) and
10 their staff and subcontractors;
11 h. Experts and consultants retained by counsel whether they testify or not in this
12 action;
13 i. The author or recipient of a document containing the confidential information
14 or a custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information; and
15 j. Any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel, mutually
16 agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions.
17 4. No documents or material designated as “CONFIDENTIAL” or
18 “CONFIDENTIAL – SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER,” or any information contained in
19 such documents or material, shall be shown to, discussed with, or disclosed in any other manner
20 to any inmate or former inmate, any parolee or former parolee, or any other person who is not a
21 current or former CDCR employee, including any percipient witness, unless a written waiver
22 expressly authorizing such disclosure has been obtained from counsel for Defendants or CDCR.
23 This provision is not intended to prohibit counsel from interviewing witnesses to this case but
24 does require express authorization before any confidential documents or material subject to this
25 protective order are disclosed to such witnesses, and before any information contained within the
26 confidential documents or material is discussed with or otherwise provided to the witness. This
27 provision does not limit any counsel’s ability to investigate the claims in this case or to interview
28 percipient witnesses in order to learn what information those witnesses possess, but it does limit
1 the information that counsel can provide to the witness to only those documents and materials
2 (and the information contained within those documents and materials) not designated as
3 “CONFIDENTIAL” or “CONFIDENTIAL – SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER” unless a
4 written waiver is first obtained.
5 5. No person who has access to any confidential material as set forth above shall copy
6 any portion of the confidential material, except as necessary to provide a copy of the confidential
7 material to any other authorized individual listed in paragraph 3, or to submit copies to the Court
8 under seal in connection with this matter. Any copies made for such purpose will be subject to
9 this order. A copy of this order must be provided to any individual authorized to access the
10 confidential material before providing that individual with access to the confidential material,
11 including experts or consultants retained by counsel. Counsel for the parties shall maintain a
12 record of all persons to whom access to the confidential material has been provided. The Court
13 and counsel for Defendants, CDCR, and any nonparties may request a copy of such record at any
14 time to determine compliance with the Court’s order.
15 6. Prior to the commencement of trial, any argument, discussion, or examination of any
16 witness privy to the confidential material shall be done in camera and any party may move to seal
17 records of such argument, discussion, or examination in accordance with Local Rule 141 upon the
18 showing required by applicable law. Counsel for each party shall only discuss in open court the
19 summaries of confidential information as worded by Defendants, CDCR, and any nonparties
20 contained in any non-confidential record.
21 7. Pursuant to Local Rule 141.1(b)(2), a party seeking a protective order relating to the
22 admission of evidence at trial shall submit a stipulation or request with the party’s pretrial
23 statement. A non-party seeking a protective order for trial shall submit a motion at or before the
24 time for filing pretrial statements or promptly following discovery of the need for the order.
25 8. At the conclusion of the proceedings in this case, including any period for appeal or
26 collateral review, or upon other termination of this litigation, counsel for Plaintiff shall destroy all
27 confidential materials and all copies of such material in counsel’s possession or return such
28 materials to counsel for Defendants. When Plaintiff’s counsel returns or destroys the confidential
1 material, they shall provide Defendants’ counsel with a declaration stating that all confidential
2 material has been returned or destroyed. Notwithstanding this provision, counsel are entitled to
3 retain an archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts,
4 legal memoranda, correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work
5 product, and consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain confidential
6 materials. Any such archival copies that contain or constitute confidential material remain
7 subject to this protective order and subject to para. 19 below.
8 9. Nothing in this protective order is intended to prevent officials or employees of the
9 State of California, or other authorized government officials, from having access to confidential
10 material to which they would have access in the normal course of their official duties.
11 Nor is this protective order intended to protect information obtained independent of
12 discovery in this lawsuit even if the same information is obtained again in discovery. The
13 protective order applies only to documents and testimony produced in discovery in the instant
14 litigation.
15 10. If a party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation that
16 compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this action as “CONFIDENTIAL”
17 or “CONFIDENTIAL – SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER,” that party must: (a) promptly
18 notify in writing the designating party including a copy of the subpoena or court order; (b)
19 promptly notify the party who caused the subpoena or court order to issue that some or all of the
20 material covered by the subpoena or order is subject to this protective order, including copy of
21 same; and (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by the
22 designating party whose protected material may be affected.
23 The designating party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in the court
24 from which the subpoena or court order issued of its confidential material and nothing in these
25 provisions should be construed as authorizing or discouraging a party in this action to disobey a
26 lawful directive from another court.
27 11. Any party or non-party may challenge a designation of confidentiality at any time.
28 Unless a prompt challenge to a designating party’s confidentiality designation is necessary to
1 avoid foreseeable, substantial unfairness, unnecessary economic burdens, or a significant
2 disruption or delay of the litigation, a party does not waive its right to challenge a confidentiality
3 designation by electing not to mount a challenge promptly after the original designation is
4 disclosed.
5 12. The party challenging a designation shall initiate the dispute resolution process by
6 providing written notice of each designation it is challenging and describing the basis for each
7 challenge. To avoid ambiguity as to whether a challenge has been made, the written notice must
8 recite that the challenge to confidentiality is being made in accordance with this specific
9 paragraph of the Protective Order. The parties shall attempt to resolve each challenge in good
10 faith and must begin the process by conferring directly (in voice to voice dialogue; other forms of
11 communication are not sufficient) within 14 days of the date of service of notice. In conferring,
12 the challenging party must explain the basis for its belief that the confidentiality designation was
13 not proper and must give the designating party an opportunity to review the designated material,
14 to reconsider the circumstances, and, if no change in designation is offered, to explain the basis
15 for the chosen designation. A challenging party may proceed to the next stage of the challenge
16 process only if it has engaged in this meet and confer process first or establishes that the
17 designating party is unwilling to participate in the meet and confer process in a timely manner.
18 13. If the parties cannot resolve a challenge without court intervention, the designating
19 party shall move the Court to retain confidentiality within 21 days of the initial notice of challenge
20 or within 14 days of the parties agreeing that the meet and confer process will not resolve their
21 dispute, whichever is earlier. Each such motion must be accompanied by a competent declaration
22 affirming that the movant has complied with the meet and confer requirements imposed in the
23 preceding paragraph. Failure by the designating party to make such a motion including the required
24 declaration within 21 days (or 14 days, if applicable) shall automatically waive the confidentiality
25 designation for each challenged designation. In addition, the challenging party may file a motion
26 challenging a confidentiality designation at any time if there is good cause for doing so, including a
27 challenge to the designation of a deposition transcript or any portions thereof. Any motion brought
28
1 pursuant to this provision must be accompanied by a competent declaration affirming that the
2 movant has complied with the meet and confer requirements imposed by the preceding paragraph.
3 14. The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the
4 designating party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose (e.g., to harass or
5 impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the challenging party to
6 sanctions. Unless the designating party has waived the confidentiality designation by failing to file a
7 motion to retain confidentiality as described above, all parties shall continue to afford the material
8 in question the level of protection to which it is entitled under the producing party’s designation
9 until the court rules on the challenge.
10 15. The provisions of this protective order are without prejudice to the right of any party:
11 (a) To apply to the Court for a further protective order relating to any confidential
12 material or relating to discovery in this litigation;
13 (b) To apply to the Court for an order removing the confidential material
14 designation from any documents; or
15 (c) To object to a discovery request, including on the basis that a protective order
16 would be insufficient to prevent the disclosure of confidential or official information from posing
17 a substantial risk to the safety and security of CDCR staff, inmates, or institutions.
18 16. If a party’s request to file confidential material under seal is denied by the Court, then
19 the party receiving the confidential information may file to the extent permitted by the Court, but
20 shall otherwise maintain the confidentiality of the information.
21 17. All confidential material in this matter shall be used solely in connection with the
22 litigation of this matter and related case D.G., et al., v. Lynch, et al., United States District Court
23 for the Eastern District of California, Case No. 2:21-cv-01890-TLN-JDP, including but not
24 limited to motions, applications to the Court, depositions, discovery requests, hearings,
25 submissions, trial, or any related appellate proceedings and collateral review, and not for any
26 other purposes, including any other litigation or proceedings.
27 18. Any willful violation of this order may result in sanctions by this Court and/or
28 injunctive relief. Inadvertent disclosure may result in injunctive relief only.
1 19. The provisions of this order shall remain in effect until further order of this Court.
2 The Court will provide counsel for Defendants, CDCR, and any nonparties an opportunity to be
3 heard should the Court find modification of this order necessary.
4 IT IS SO STIPULATED
5 Dated: 5/27/2022 RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED,
6 ROB BONTA
Attorney General of California
7 JON S. ALLIN
Supervising Deputy Attorney General
8 BRIAN S. CHAN
Deputy Attorney General
9
10 _/s/ David E. Kuchinsky_______
DAVID E. KUCHINSKY
11 Deputy Attorney General
Attorneys for Defendants J. Lynch,
12 D. Garland, M. Jordan, W. Lieber,
H. Chavez, D. Sykes, J. Gomez, and J.
13 Carothers
14
15
Dated: 5/27/2022 LAW OFFICES OF CLAUDIA C.
16 BOHORQUEZ
17
18 _/s/ Claudia C. Bohorquez_________
CLAUDIA C. BOHORQUEZ
19 Attorney for Plaintiffs Ma
Rosario Bueno Zaragoza, Estate of Luis
20 Giovanny Aguilar
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IT IS SO ORDERED.
° Dated: _ June 7, 2022 \ sa
4 awe D. PE ERSON
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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