court must 19 construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff
How later courts described this case
- court must 19 construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff
- court 18 must accept the allegations as true
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 SUSAN MARIE SHULTZ, No. 2:22-cv-00397 KJM AC (PS)
12 Plaintiff,
13 v. ORDER
14 KERN COUNTY, et al,
15 Defendants.
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17 Plaintiff is proceeding in this action pro se. This matter was accordingly referred to the
18 undersigned by E.D. Cal. 302(c)(21). Plaintiff has filed a request for leave to proceed in forma
19 pauperis (“IFP”), and has submitted the affidavit required by that statute. See 28 U.S.C.
20 § 1915(a)(1). The motion to proceed IFP will therefore be granted.
21 I. THE SCREENING REQUIREMENT
22 The federal IFP statute requires federal courts to dismiss a case if the action is legally
23 “frivolous or malicious,” fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks
24 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2).
25 Plaintiff must assist the court in determining whether or not the complaint is frivolous, by drafting
26 the complaint so that it complies with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (“Fed. R. Civ. P.”).
27 The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are available online at www.uscourts.gov/rules-
28 policies/current-rules-practice-procedure/federal-rules-civil-procedure.
1 Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the complaint must contain (1) a “short and
2 plain statement” of the basis for federal jurisdiction (that is, the reason the case is filed in this
3 court, rather than in a state court), (2) a short and plain statement showing that plaintiff is entitled
4 to relief (that is, who harmed the plaintiff, and in what way), and (3) a demand for the relief
5 sought. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). Plaintiff’s claims must be set forth simply, concisely and directly.
6 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(d)(1). Forms are available to help pro se plaintiffs organize their complaint in
7 the proper way. They are available at the Clerk’s Office, 501 I Street, 4th Floor (Rm. 4-200),
8 Sacramento, CA 95814, or online at www.uscourts.gov/forms/pro-se-forms.
9 A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact.
10 Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989). In reviewing a complaint under this standard, the
11 court will (1) accept as true all of the factual allegations contained in the complaint, unless they
12 are clearly baseless or fanciful, (2) construe those allegations in the light most favorable to the
13 plaintiff, and (3) resolve all doubts in the plaintiff’s favor. See Neitzke, 490 U.S. at 327; Von
14 Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadena, 592 F.3d 954, 960 (9th Cir. 2010), cert.
15 denied, 564 U.S. 1037 (2011).
16 The court applies the same rules of construction in determining whether the complaint
17 states a claim on which relief can be granted. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (court
18 must accept the allegations as true); Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974) (court must
19 construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff). Pro se pleadings are held to a
20 less stringent standard than those drafted by lawyers. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520
21 (1972). However, the court need not accept as true conclusory allegations, unreasonable
22 inferences, or unwarranted deductions of fact. Western Mining Council v. Watt, 643 F.2d 618,
23 624 (9th Cir. 1981). A formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action does not suffice
24 to state a claim. Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-57 (2007); Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
25 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009).
26 To state a claim on which relief may be granted, the plaintiff must allege enough facts “to
27 state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A claim has
28 facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the
1 reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at
2 678. A pro se litigant is entitled to notice of the deficiencies in the complaint and an opportunity
3 to amend, unless the complaint’s deficiencies could not be cured by amendment. See Noll v.
4 Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446, 1448 (9th Cir. 1987), superseded on other grounds by statute as stated in
5 Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122 (9th Cir.2000)) (en banc).
6 II. THE COMPLAINT
7 Plaintiff sues the Kern County Sherriff’s Department, “Kern County Counsel,” and Kern
8 Community Development for violations of Cal. Gov. Code 7260.5(c)(4) and of Title VIII and VI
9 of “Civil Rights to Fair Housing.” ECF No. 1 at 3-4. She alleges the sheriff’s department
10 vacated her from her rental apartment without notice on 04/14/2020 and that she was not placed
11 in alternate housing. Id. at 5. Plaintiff alleges she was told that the house had high mercury
12 levels and she had to leave immediately, or she would be arrested, though her landlord and his
13 two brothers-in-law were also there. Plaintiff alleges she was left to face her landlord alone. Id.
14 Plaintiff alleges she was displaced and charged with trespassing in June 2020 for trying to access
15 shelter in the summer. Id. at 6. She is now unhoused. Id.
16 III. FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM
17 The complaint as drafted does not state a claim upon which relief can be granted. There
18 are not enough facts to support a federal claim under the Fair Housing Act, leaving no viable
19 federal claim.1
20 The Fair Housing Act makes it unlawful to deny a dwelling to any person because of race,
21 color, religion, sex, familial status, or national origin. 42 U.S.C. § 3604(a); 24 C.F.R. §
22 100.50(b)(1). “FHA claims ... may be brought under theories of both disparate treatment and
23 disparate impact.” Comm. Concerning Cmty. Improvement v. City of Modesto, 583 F.3d 690,
24 711 (9th Cir. 2009). Courts must “analyze FHA ... disparate treatment claims under Title VII’s
25 three-stage McDonnell Douglas/Burdine test.” Gamble v. City of Escondido, 104 F.3d 300, 305
26 (9th Cir. 1997). Accordingly, to establish a prima facie case of discrimination under the FHA,
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1 Without a claim based in federal law, this federal court cannot exercise jurisdiction over any
28 state law claims.
1 plaintiff must first show that: (1) she is a member of a protected class; (2) she was denied a rental
2 relationship or otherwise treated differently in the terms, conditions, or privileges of her rental
3 relationship, or in the provision of services or facilities to her as a tenant; and (3) the different
4 treatment was, at least in part, because of her protected class status. See 42 U.S.C. § 3604(b).
5 Plaintiff’s FHA claim does not state a claim for relief because she does not allege that she is a
6 member of a protected class or that she was treated unfairly because of her protected class status.
7 IV. AMENDING THE COMPLAINT
8 If plaintiff chooses to amend the complaint, the amended complaint must allege facts
9 establishing the existence of federal jurisdiction. In addition, it must contain a short and plain
10 statement of plaintiff’s claims. The allegations of the complaint must be set forth in sequentially
11 numbered paragraphs, with each paragraph number being one greater than the one before, each
12 paragraph having its own number, and no paragraph number being repeated anywhere in the
13 complaint. Each paragraph should be limited “to a single set of circumstances” where
14 possible. Rule 10(b). As noted above, forms are available to help plaintiffs organize their
15 complaint in the proper way. They are available at the Clerk’s Office, 501 I Street, 4th Floor
16 (Rm. 4-200), Sacramento, CA 95814, or online at www.uscourts.gov/forms/pro-se-forms.
17 Plaintiff must avoid excessive repetition of the same allegations. Plaintiff must avoid
18 narrative and storytelling. That is, the complaint should not include every detail of what
19 happened, nor recount the details of conversations (unless necessary to establish the claim), nor
20 give a running account of plaintiff’s hopes and thoughts. Rather, the amended complaint should
21 contain only those facts needed to show how the defendant legally wronged the plaintiff.
22 The amended complaint must not force the court and the defendants to guess at what is
23 being alleged against whom. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996)
24 (affirming dismissal of a complaint where the district court was “literally guessing as to what
25 facts support the legal claims being asserted against certain defendants”). The amended
26 complaint must not require the court to spend its time “preparing the ‘short and plain statement’
27 which Rule 8 obligated plaintiffs to submit.” Id. at 1180. The amended complaint must not
28 ////
1 require the court and defendants to prepare lengthy outlines “to determine who is being sued for
2 what.” Id. at 1179.
3 Also, the amended complaint must not refer to a prior pleading in order to make plaintiff’s
4 amended complaint complete. An amended complaint must be complete in itself without
5 reference to any prior pleading. Local Rule 220. This is because, as a general rule, an amended
6 complaint supersedes the original complaint. See Pacific Bell Tel. Co. v. Linkline
7 Communications, Inc., 555 U.S. 438, 456 n.4 (2009) (“[n]ormally, an amended complaint
8 supersedes the original complaint”) (citing 6 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice &
9 Procedure § 1476, pp. 556-57 (2d ed. 1990)). Therefore, in an amended complaint, as in an
10 original complaint, each claim and the involvement of each defendant must be sufficiently
11 alleged.
12 V. PRO SE PLAINTIFF’S SUMMARY
13 It is not clear that this case can proceed in federal court. Your only federal claim is
14 brought under the Fair Housing Act. To make a Fair Housing Act claim, you need to show that
15 you were discriminated against because of your race, color, religion, sex, familial status, or
16 national origin. You need to give enough facts to support your claim. Your lawsuit cannot
17 proceed unless you fix the problems with your complaint.
18 Violations of state housing laws cannot form the basis of a federal lawsuit. You may add
19 them to a federal complaint that presents an FHA claim, but if you do not have an FHA claim
20 based on discrimination then you should file any state law claims in state court.
21 You are being given 30 days to submit an amended complaint that provides a proper basis
22 for federal jurisdiction. If you submit an amended complaint, it needs to explain in simple terms
23 what laws or legal rights of yours were violated, by whom and how, and how those violations
24 impacted each plaintiff. Without this information, the court cannot tell what legal claims you are
25 trying to bring against the defendants. If you do not submit an amended complaint by the
26 deadline, the undersigned will recommend that the case be dismissed.
27 ////
28 ////
1 IV. CONCLUSION
2 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
3 1. Plaintiffs request to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) is GRANTED;
4 2. Plaintiff shall have 30 days from the date of this order to file an amended complaint that
5 names defendants who are amenable to suit, and which complies with the instructions
6 given above. If plaintiff fails to ttmely comply with this order, the undersigned may
7 recommend that this action be dismissed.
8 | DATED: March 3, 2022 ~
9 Lhar—e_
ALLISON CLAIRE
10 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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