rejecting lack of evidence of atrophy as a reason for adverse credibility determination, where no medical evidence “suggests that 24| high inactivity levels necessarily leads to muscle atrophy”
How later courts described this case
- rejecting lack of evidence of atrophy as a reason for adverse credibility determination, where no medical evidence “suggests that 24| high inactivity levels necessarily leads to muscle atrophy”
- misrepresentations made by claimant in the course of pursuing disability benefits justifies the rejection of claimant’s credibility
- a claimant’s tendency to exaggerate is an adequate reason for rejecting the claimant’s testimony
- “Although lack of medical evidence cannot form the sole basis 20] for discounting pain testimony, it is a factor the ALJ can consider in his [or her] credibility analysis.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 PAULA J.R., ) NO. SA CV 19-1184-E
)
12 Plaintiff, )
)
13 v. ) MEMORANDUM OPINION
)
14 ANDREW SAUL, COMMISSIONER OF )
SOCIAL SECURITY, )
15 )
Defendant. )
16 ___________________________________)
17
18 PROCEEDINGS
19
20 Plaintiff filed a complaint on June 14, 2019, seeking review of
21 the Commissioner’s denial of benefits. The parties consented to
22 proceed before a United States Magistrate Judge on July 31, 2019.
23 Plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgment on November 6, 2019.
24 Defendant filed a motion for summary judgment on December 6, 2019.
25 The Court has taken the motions under submission without oral
26 argument. See L.R. 7-15; “Order,” filed June 17, 2019.
27 ///
28 ///
1 BACKGROUND
2
3 Plaintiff, a former administrative assistant, asserted disability
4 since September 20, 2013, based on a host of alleged impairments
5 (Administrative Record (“A.R.”) 68, 229, 267). The Administrative Law
6 Judge (“ALJ”) examined the medical record and heard testimony from
7 Plaintiff at two hearings (A.R. 12-226, 229-1339).
8
9 In her testimony, Plaintiff alleged pain and other subjective
10 symptoms of disabling severity (A.R. 40-42, 57-63). She claimed she
11 suffers “head to toe” pain “all the time,” which she rated as a ten on
12 a pain severity scale of one to ten (A.R. 57). Plaintiff also claimed
13 she stays in bed “all day,” uses a walker when out of bed and needs
14 help even to shower (A.R. 40-41).
15
16 In written statements, Plaintiff similarly alleged continuous,
17 extraordinary “complete body pain” (A.R. 1179-81). According to
18 Plaintiff, the “sensation” of her pain is accurately described as
19 “aching,” “cramping,” “numbing,” “stinging,” “burning,” “heavy,”
20 “sharp,” “tight,” “cold,” “hot,” “shooting” and “tingling” (A.R.
21 1180). According to Plaintiff, all of the following factors increase
22 her pain: “weather changes,” “fatigue,” “emotional stress,” “tension,”
23 “distraction (T.V., etc.),” “bowel/bladder function,” “coughing or
24 sneezing,” “heat,” “cold,” “massage,” “sleep or rest,” “medication”
25 and “alcohol” (A.R. 1181).
26
27 In the most recent administrative decision, the ALJ found
28 Plaintiff suffers from certain severe impairments, including
1|| degenerative disc disease and fibromyalgia (A.R. 18). However, the
2| ALJ also found that Plaintiff never lost the residual functional
3|| capacity to perform a range of light work, including Plaintiff's past
relevant work (A.R. 19-25).
5
6 The ALJ discounted Plaintiff’s subjective allegations regarding
her alleged symptomatology (A.R. 20-22). The ALJ expressly reasoned
8] that Plaintiff’s subjective allegations were: (1) inconsistent with
other statements by Plaintiff reflected in the record;
10] (2) inconsistent with the observations of third parties reflected in
11] the record; (3) unsupported by the objective medical evidence
12] contained in the record; (4) belied by the conservative nature of the
13] treatment received by Plaintiff; and (5) inconsistent with Plaintiff's
14) lack of muscle atrophy (id.). The Appeals Council denied review (A.R.
1-3).
16
17 STANDARD OF REVIEW
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19 Under 42 U.S.C. section 405(g), this Court reviews the
Administration’s decision to determine if: (1) the Administration’s
findings are supported by substantial evidence; and (2) the
Administration used correct legal standards. See Carmickle v.
23|| Commissioner, 533 F.3d 1155, 1159 (9th Cir. 2008); Hoopai v. Astrue,
24] 499 F.3d 1071, 1074 (9th Cir. 2007); see also Brewes v. Commissioner,
25) 682 F.3d 1157, 1161 (9th Cir. 2012). Substantial evidence is “such
relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to
support a conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401
28] (1971) (citation and quotations omitted); see also Widmark v.
1] Barnhart, 454 F.3d 1063, 1066 (9th Cir. 2006).
2
3 If the evidence can support either outcome, the court may
4 not substitute its judgment for that of the ALJ. But the
5 Commissioner’s decision cannot be affirmed simply by
6 isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence.
7 Rather, a court must consider the record as a whole,
8 weighing both evidence that supports and evidence that
9 detracts from the [administrative] conclusion.
10
Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999) (citations and
quotations omitted).
13
14 DISCUSSION
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16 After consideration of the record as a whole, Defendant’s motion
is granted and Plaintiff’s motion is denied. The Administration’s
18] findings are supported by substantial evidence and are free from
19] material* legal error. Contrary to Plaintiff’s arguments, the ALJ
20|| properly discounted Plaintiff's subjective allegations.
21
22 An ALJ’s assessment of a claimant’s credibility is entitled to
23| “great weight.” Anderson v. Sullivan, 914 F.2d 1121, 1124 (9th Cir.
24] 1990); Nyman v. Heckler, 779 F.2d 528, 531 (9th Cir. 1985). Where, as
25
26)
The harmless error rule applies to the review of
27! administrative decisions regarding disability. See Garcia v.
Commissioner, 768 F.3d 925, 932-33 (9th Cir. 2014); McLeod v.
Astrue, 640 F.3d 881, 886-88 (9th Cir. 2011).
1] here, an ALJ finds that the claimant’s medically determinable
2| impairments reasonably could be expected to cause some degree of the
3|| alleged symptoms of which the claimant subjectively complains, any
4) discounting of the claimant’s complaints must be supported by
specific, cogent findings. See Berry v. Astrue, 622 F.3d 1228, 1234
6 (9th Cir. 2010); Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir. 1995);
but see Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1282-84 (9th Cir. 1996)
8] (indicating that ALJ must offer “specific, clear and convincing”
reasons to reject a claimant’s testimony where there is no evidence of
10] “malingering”).* An ALJ’s credibility finding “must be sufficiently
11] specific to allow a reviewing court to conclude the ALJ rejected the
claimant’s testimony on permissible grounds and did not arbitrarily
13] discredit the claimant’s testimony.” See Moisa v. Barnhart, 367 F.3d
14] 882, 885 (9th Cir. 2004) (internal citations and quotations omitted) ;
15] see also Social Security Ruling (“SSR”) 96-7p (explaining how to
16] assess a claimant’s credibility), superseded, SSR 16-3p (eff. Mar. 28,
17] ///
18] ///
19] ///
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21
? In the absence of an ALJ’s reliance on evidence of
“malingering,” most recent Ninth Circuit cases have applied the
“clear and convincing” standard. See, e.g., Leon v. Berryhill,
23] 880 F.3d 1041, 1046 (9th Cir. 2017); Brown-Hunter v. Colvin, 806
F.3d 487, 488-89 (9th Cir. 2015); Burrell v. Colvin, 775 F.3d
1133, 1136-37 (9th Cir. 2014); Treichler v. Commissioner, 775
F.3d 1090, 1102 (9th Cir. 2014); Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154,
1163 n.9 (9th Cir. 2014); Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1014-
26] 15 & n.18 (9th Cir. 2014); see also Ballard v. Apfel, 2000 WL
1899797, at *2 n.1 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 19, 2000) (collecting earlier
27| cases). In the present case, the ALJ’s findings are sufficient
under either standard, so the distinction between the two
Standards (if any) is academic.
1] 2016).2 As discussed below, the ALJ stated sufficient reasons for
finding Plaintiff's subjective allegations less than fully credible.
3
4 The ALJ noted that Plaintiff’s statements concerning her
5|| activities and limitations have been inconsistent (A.R. 21). For
6|| example, Plaintiff claimed to be wholly inactive and yet also stated
7) that she exercised “90 minutes per week at a moderate to strenuous
8] level” (A.R. 391). Inconsistencies in a claimant’s statements may
9) impact adversely on the claimant’s credibility. See Verduzco v.
10] Apfel, 188 F.3d 1087, 1090 (9th Cir. 1999); Moncada _v. Chater, 60 F.3d
11] 521, 524 (9th Cir. 1995); Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 604 n.5 (9th
12] Cir. 1989).
13
14 The ALJ also properly cited inconsistencies between Plaintiff’s
15] allegations of disabling limitations and the observations of third
16] parties (A.R. 21-22). For example, whereas Plaintiff claimed to need
17] an assistive device, such as a walker, in order to ambulate, third
18] party examiners observed that Plaintiff had no abnormality of gait and
19) had no need of an assistive device to ambulate (A.R. 575, 1316, 1335).
Similarly, whereas Plaintiff alleged near total inability to function
physically because of allegedly constant and intense pain, examiners
consistently reported that Plaintiff had a normal range of motion and
23] no tenderness (A.R. 337, 341, 389, 398, 420, 428, 444, 453, 493, 502,
25 3 The appropriate analysis under the superseding SSR is
substantially the same as the analysis under the superseded SSR.
See R.P. v. Colvin, 2016 WL 7042259, at *9 n.7 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 5,
2016) (stating that SSR 16-3p “implemented a change in diction
27! rather than substance”) (citations omitted); see also Trevizo v.
Berryhill, 871 F.3d 664, 678 n.5 (9th Cir. 2017) (suggesting that
SSR 16-3p “makes clear what our precedent already required”).
1] 547, 651, 722, 834, 860, 897, 938, 1039, 1116, 1234, 1317-18). An ALJ
2| properly may discount a claimant’s assertions which are inconsistent
3|| with the observations of third parties. See Verduzco v. Apfel, 188
4| F.3d at 1090 (observation of lack of need for assistive device); see
5] also SSR 16-3p at *7; cf. Tonapetyan v. Halter, 242 F.3d 1144, 1148
6] (9th Cir. 2001) (a claimant’s tendency to exaggerate is an adequate
reason for rejecting the claimant’s testimony); Brawner v. Secretary,
839 F.2d 432, 433 (9th Cir. 1987) (misrepresentations made by claimant
in the course of pursuing disability benefits justifies the rejection
of claimant’s credibility).
11
12 In discounting Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, the ALJ also
13] properly relied in part on the objective medical evidence (A.R. 21).
14] As Plaintiff concedes, the “objective findings are mild” (Plaintiff’s
15] Motion for Summary Judgment, filed November 6, 2019, at 7). An ALJ
16] permissibly may rely in part on a lack of supporting objective medical
17] evidence in discounting a claimant’s allegations of disabling
18] symptomatology. See Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 681 (9th Cir.
19} 2005) (“Although lack of medical evidence cannot form the sole basis
20] for discounting pain testimony, it is a factor the ALJ can consider in
his [or her] credibility analysis.”); Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d
853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001) (same). Contrary to Plaintiff’s apparent
23| argument, the mere existence of a fibromyalgia diagnosis does not
24| preclude an ALJ from considering the objective medical evidence in
evaluating the claimant’s credibility. See, e.g., Stiles v. Astrue,
256 Fed. App’x 994, 997-98 (9th Cir. 2007); Gill v. Colvin, 2016 WL
27] 9019614, at *4 (D. Nev. July 15, 2016), adopted, 2017 WL 2230332 (D.
28} Nev. May 22, 2017).
1 The ALJ’s citing of Plaintiff’s assertedly “conservative”
2| treatment is perhaps less persuasive than the other factors cited. A
3] limited course of treatment sometimes can justify the rejection of a
claimant’s testimony, at least where the testimony concerns physical
problems. See, e.g., Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1040 (9th
Cir. 2008); Meanel v. Apfel, 172 F.3d 1111, 1114 (9th Cir. 1999). In
the present case, however, it is doubtful that Plaintiff’s treatment
accurately may be characterized as “conservative” within the meaning
9) of Ninth Circuit jurisprudence. See, e.g., Childress v. Colvin, 2014
10] WL 4629593, at *12 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 16, 2014) (“[i]t is not obvious
11] whether the consistent use of [Norco] (for several years) is
12] ‘conservative’ or in conflict with Plaintiff’s pain testimony”) ;
13] Aguilar v. Colvin, 2014 WL 3557308, at *8 (C.D. Cal. July 18, 2014)
14] (“It would be difficult to fault Plaintiff for overly conservative
15] treatment when he has been prescribed strong narcotic pain
16] medications”).
17
18 Finally, in the Ninth Circuit it is uncertain whether a lack of
19] muscle atrophy is a proper basis for discounting a claimant’s
credibility. Relevant Ninth Circuit case law is not uniform. See
Lapierre-Gutt v. Astrue, 382 Fed. Appx. 662, 665 (9th Cir. 2010)
(rejecting lack of evidence of atrophy as a reason for adverse
credibility determination, where no medical evidence “suggests that
24| high inactivity levels necessarily leads to muscle atrophy”) ;
Valenzuela v. Astrue, 247 Fed. Appx. 927, 929 (9th Cir. 2007) □□□□□□
adverse credibility determination was not supported by substantial
27| evidence where the record was devoid of any medical testimony to
support ALJ’s finding that absence of evidence of muscular atrophy
indicated claimant’s symptoms were not as severe as alleged); but see
2| Gates v. Colvin, 621 Fed. App’x 457, 457-58 (9th Cir. 2015) (“lack of
3|| muscle atrophy” deemed a sufficient reason for adverse credibility
determination); Stiles v. Astrue, 256 Fed. App’x at 997-98 (upholding
5] ALJ’s discounting of claimant’s credibility based in part on the lack
6| of evidence of “muscle atrophy or wasting”); Osenbrock v. Apfel, 240
7) F.3d 1157, 1165-66 (9th Cir. 2001) (upholding an ALJ’s rejection of a
claimant’s credibility where the ALJ made specific findings including,
but not limited to, a lack of atrophy).
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11 Notwithstanding the questionable validity of one or more of an
12] ALJ’s stated reasons for discounting a claimant’s credibility, a court
13] properly may uphold the credibility determination where sufficient
valid reasons have been stated. See Carmickle v. Commissioner, 533
15] F.3d 1155, 1162-63 (9th Cir. 2008). In the present case, the ALJ
16] stated sufficient valid reasons to allow this Court to conclude that
17] the ALJ discounted Plaintiff's credibility on permissible grounds.
18] See Moisa v. Barnhart, 367 F.3d at 885. The Court therefore defers to
19) the ALJ’s credibility determination. See Lasich v. Astrue, 252 Fed.
20] App’x 823, 825 (9th Cir. 2007) (court will defer to Administration’s
21] credibility determination when the proper process is used and proper
reasons for the decision are provided); accord Flaten v. Secretary of
23] ///
24] ///
25] ///
26] ///
///
28] ///
1 Health & Human Services, 44 F.3d 1453, 1464 (9th Cir. 1995).4
2
3 CONCLUSION
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5 For all of the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff’s motion for summary
6 judgment is denied and Defendant’s motion for summary judgment is
7 granted.
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9 LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY.
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11 DATED: December 11, 2019.
12
13 /s/
CHARLES F. EICK
14 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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25 4 The Court should not and does not determine de novo the
accuracy of Plaintiff’s testimony and statements concerning her
26 subjective symptomatology. It is for the Administration, and not
this Court, to evaluate the accuracy of Plaintiff’s testimony and
27 statements regarding the intensity and persistence of Plaintiff’s
subjective symptomatology. See Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d
28