“Rule 5 56 authorizes a summary adjudication that will often fall short of a final determination, even of a 6 single claim . . . .”
How later courts described this case
- “Rule 5 56 authorizes a summary adjudication that will often fall short of a final determination, even of a 6 single claim . . . .”
- “[W]e should ‘afford appropriate deference and flexibility’ to prison officials 22 in the evaluation of proffered legitimate penological reasons for conduct alleged to be 23 retaliatory.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
6 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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8 LIFALFA GREEN, Case No. 2:19-cv-00538-TLN-JDP (PC)
9 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
THAT DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR
10 v. SUMMARY JUDGMENT BE GRANTED
11 MARY BATCHELOR, OBJECTIONS DUE IN 14 DAYS
12 Defendant. ECF No. 41
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15 Plaintiff Lifalfa Green, a state prisoner without counsel, filed this section 1983 action
16 alleging that defendant Mary Batchelor violated his First Amendment rights by retaliating against
17 him for engaging in protected conduct. Defendant has filed a motion for summary judgment,
18 arguing that plaintiff cannot establish a First Amendment violation. ECF No. 41. Defendant
19 argues in the alternative that she is entitled to qualified immunity. Id. After a review of the
20 pleadings, including plaintiff’s opposition, I agree that plaintiff cannot make out his claim and
21 recommend that summary judgment be granted for defendant.
22 Legal Standards
23 Summary judgment is appropriate where there is “no genuine dispute as to any material
24 fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); Washington
25 Mutual Inc. v. United States, 636 F.3d 1207, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011). An issue of fact is genuine
26 only if there is sufficient evidence for a reasonable fact finder to find for the non-moving party,
27 while a fact is material if it “might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.”
28 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986); Wool v. Tandem Computers, Inc., 818
1 F.2d 1422, 1436 (9th Cir. 1987).
2 Rule 56 allows a court to grant summary adjudication, also known as partial summary
3 judgment, when there is no genuine issue of material fact as to a claim or a portion of that claim.
4 See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); Lies v. Farrell Lines, Inc., 641 F.2d 765, 769 n.3 (9th Cir. 1981) (“Rule
5 56 authorizes a summary adjudication that will often fall short of a final determination, even of a
6 single claim . . . .”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). The same standards apply
7 both to a motion for summary judgment and a motion for summary adjudication. See Fed. R. Civ.
8 P. 56 (a), (c); Mora v. Chem-Tronics, 16 F. Supp. 2d 1192, 1200 (S.D. Cal. 1998).
9 Each party’s position must be supported by (1) citations to particular portions of materials
10 in the record, including but not limited to depositions, documents, declarations, or discovery; or
11 (2) argument showing either that the materials cited do not establish the presence or absence of a
12 genuine factual dispute or that the opposing party cannot produce admissible evidence to support
13 its position. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1) (quotation marks omitted). The court may consider
14 materials in the record not cited by the parties, but it is not required to do so. See Fed. R. Civ. P.
15 56(c)(3); Carmen v. San Francisco Unified School Dist., 237 F.3d 1026, 1031 (9th Cir. 2001); see
16 also Simmons v. Navajo County, Ariz., 609 F.3d 1011, 1017 (9th Cir. 2010).
17 “The moving party initially bears the burden of proving the absence of a genuine issue of
18 material fact.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). To meet its burden, “the
19 moving party must either produce evidence negating an essential element of the nonmoving
20 party’s claim or defense or show that the nonmoving party does not have enough evidence of an
21 essential element to carry its ultimate burden of persuasion at trial.” Nissan Fire & Marine Ins.
22 Co., Ltd. v. Fritz Cos., Inc., 210 F.3d 1099, 1102 (9th Cir. 2000). If the moving party meets this
23 initial burden, the burden then shifts to the non-moving party “to designate specific facts
24 demonstrating the existence of genuine issues for trial.” In re Oracle Corp. Sec. Litig., 627 F.3d
25 376, 387 (citing Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 323). The non-moving party must “show more than
26 the mere existence of a scintilla of evidence.” Id. (citing Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477
27 U.S. 242, 252 (1986)). However, the non-moving party is not required to establish a material
28 issue of fact conclusively in its favor; it is sufficient that “the claimed factual dispute be shown to
1 require a jury or judge to resolve the parties’ differing versions of the truth at trial.” T.W.
2 Electrical Serv., Inc. v. Pacific Elec. Contractors Assoc., 809 F.2d 626, 630 (9th Cir. 1987).
3 The court must apply standards consistent with Rule 56 to determine whether the moving
4 party has demonstrated there to be no genuine issue of material fact and that judgment is
5 appropriate as a matter of law. See Henry v. Gill Indus., Inc., 983 F.2d 943, 950 (9th Cir. 1993).
6 “[A] court ruling on a motion for summary judgment may not engage in credibility
7 determinations or the weighing of evidence.” Manley v. Rowley, 847 F.3d 705, 711 (9th Cir.
8 2017) (citation omitted). The evidence must be viewed “in the light most favorable to the
9 nonmoving party” and “all justifiable inferences” must be drawn in favor of the nonmoving party.
10 Orr v. Bank of America, NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 772 (9th Cir. 2002); Addisu v. Fred Meyer, Inc.,
11 198 F.3d 1130, 1134 (9th Cir. 2000).
12 Background
13 Plaintiff alleges that, after being transferred to California State Prison-Solano in 2017,
14 defendant placed an “R-Suffix” on his central file, designating him as a sex offender. ECF No. 1
15 at 8. She allegedly did this in retaliation for plaintiff’s having spoken “in defense of [his] rights
16 and privileges [to family visitation]” during a classification committee meeting. Id. at 3, 8.
17 Specifically, defendant allegedly took issue with plaintiff going “over her head” and raising the
18 issue of family visitation before the committee. ECF No. 41-5 at 15.
19 Analysis
20 Defendant is entitled to summary judgment because plaintiff cannot establish two of the
21 elements of a viable retaliation claim. In the prison context, a successful First Amendment
22 retaliation claim must have five elements: “(1) [a]n assertion that a state actor took some adverse
23 action against an inmate (2) because of (3) that prisoner’s protected conduct, and that such action
24 (4) chilled the inmate’s exercise of his First Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not
25 reasonably advance a legitimate correctional goal.” Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68
26 (9th Cir. 2005). Here, a reasonable finder of fact could not conclude that defendant took an
27 adverse action against plaintiff, and the evidence establishes that attachment of the “R-Suffix”
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1 advanced a legitimate correctional goal.
2 Defendant has provided evidence that she was not responsible for affixing the “R-
3 suffix”—specifically, evidence that it was not within her authority to do so. M. McComas is a
4 Classification Staff Representative employed by the California Department of Corrections and
5 Rehabilitation (“CDCR”). ECF No. 41-4 at 1. In a declaration attached to defendant’s motion,
6 McComas states that only classification auditors affiliated with CDCR headquarters in
7 Sacramento have the authority to approve the addition of an “R-suffix” to an inmate’s file. Id. at
8 2. In the present case, an “R-suffix” was added to plaintiff’s file after it was reviewed by an
9 auditor named Bernard. Id. at 2, 5. Plaintiff’s opposition offers no explanation as to how
10 defendant—who has no alleged connection to Bernard, and who lacked the authority to attach the
11 suffix—was responsible for the adverse action.1 Thus, he cannot establish the first element of his
12 claim—that defendant took an adverse action against him.
13 Even if plaintiff had plausibly shown that defendant, and not some other official, added
14 the suffix, summary judgment would still be appropriate, because the adverse action served a
15 legitimate penological purpose. Under CDCR regulations in effect in 2017, family visits could be
16 prohibited for inmates with documented evidence of a prior sex offense, even when the offense
17 did not lead to a criminal conviction. ECF No. 41-3 at 14. The declaration of M. McComas
18 states that one rationale for this policy is “to prevent safety risks to visitors during unsupervised
19 overnight visits, where documentation supports an inmate’s predisposition toward sexual assault.”
20 ECF No. 41-4 at 3. This proffered rationale merits deference. See Pratt v. Rowland, 65 F.3d 802,
21 807 (9th Cir. 1995) (“[W]e should ‘afford appropriate deference and flexibility’ to prison officials
22 in the evaluation of proffered legitimate penological reasons for conduct alleged to be
23 retaliatory.”). Plaintiff’s institutional file references a 1989 arrest in Los Angeles for “Rape by
24 Force/Fear,” ECF No. 41-3 at 18—an arrest which he maintains was unjustified, but which he
25 admits occurred, see ECF No. 1 at 9 (acknowledging plaintiff’s 1989 arrest in a “sweep”
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27 1 Lest there be any doubt, the adverse action at issue was the attachment of the suffix, not
any verbal threat made in connection therewith. See ECF No. 1 at 8 (alleging that defendant
28 personally falsified records and attached the suffix to plaintiff’s file).
1 | undertaken by the Los Angeles Police Department). Thus, under prison regulations, attachment
2 | of an “R-Suffix” served a legitimate penological purpose.
3 Based on the foregoing, it is RECOMMENDED that defendant’s motion for summary
4 | judgment, ECF No. 41, be granted and judgment be entered in her favor.
5 I submit these findings and recommendations to the district judge under 28 U.S.C.
6 | § 636(b)(1)(B) and Rule 304 of the Local Rules of Practice for the United States District Court,
7 | Eastern District of California. Within 14 days of the service of the findings and
8 || recommendations, any party may file written objections to the findings and recommendations
9 | with the court and serve a copy on all parties. That document should be captioned “Objections to
10 | Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” The district judge will review the findings
11 and recommendations under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C). Failure to file objections within the
12 | specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. See Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d
13 | 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014).
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1s IT IS SO ORDERED.
16 ( 1 Sty —
Dated: _ February 11, 2022
17 JEREMY D. PETERSON
18 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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