affirming dismissal of 12 complaint where “one cannot determine from the complaint who is being sued, for what relief, 13 and on what theory…”
How later courts described this case
- affirming dismissal of 12 complaint where “one cannot determine from the complaint who is being sued, for what relief, 13 and on what theory…”
- concluding that Heck barred 3 the plaintiff’s civil rights claims alleging wrongful arrest, malicious prosecution, and conspiracy 4 among police officers to bring false charges
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 JEAN MARC VAN DEN HEUVEL, No. 2:21-cv-1342-KJM-CKD PS
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Plaintiff,
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v. ORDER
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TERI CISSNA, et al.,
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Defendants.
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18 Plaintiff proceeds pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil action referred to the
19 undersigned by Local Rule 302(c)(21) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Plaintiff’s motions for
20 extension of time and first amended complaint filed on October 15, 2021 are before the court.
21 (ECF Nos. 6, 7, 8.) Plaintiff has also filed a second motion to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF
22 No. 11) and other miscellaneous documents (ECF Nos. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14). By this order, the court
23 notifies plaintiff the first amended complaint fails to state a claim. Plaintiff will be granted a final
24 opportunity to amend as set forth herein.
25 I. BACKGROUND
26 Plaintiff initiated this action with a civil complaint seeking damages filed on July 30,
27 2021. By order dated September 23, 2021, the court screened the complaint, found it failed to
28 state a claim for relief, and granted plaintiff 30 days to file an amended complaint. (ECF No. 5.)
1 The September 23, 2021 screening order notified plaintiff the court could not discern what causes
2 of action plaintiff intended to bring and that the complaint’s allegations did not satisfy the
3 pleading standards for any cause of action. Since the complaint included the words false arrest,
4 plaintiff was cautioned that under Heck v. Humphrey 512 U.S. 477, 486-87 (1994), he would not
5 have a cognizable claim for damages for false arrest unless he could prove that his conviction or
6 sentence has been reversed on direct appeal, expunged by executive order, declared invalid by a
7 state tribunal authorized to make such a determination, or called into question by a federal court’s
8 issuance of a writ of habeas corpus.
9 On October 15, 2021, plaintiff filed a first amended complaint using a form created for a
10 petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. 2254 by a person in state custody. A habeas
11 corpus action provides a method for a person held in confinement to seek immediate or more
12 speedy release. See Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 494 (1973). “In the case of a damages
13 claim, habeas corpus is not an appropriate or available federal remedy.” Id. Here, although
14 plaintiff used a habeas corpus form for the first amended complaint, the first amended complaint
15 requests money damages in the amount of $150,000,000.00 and 10,000.00 per day. (ECF No. 8 at
16 17.) Plaintiff does not allege he is held in confinement. The record contains no indication he is in
17 custody. Because habeas corpus is not an appropriate or available remedy, the court construes the
18 filing as a first amended civil complaint.
19 II. SCREENING REQUIREMENT
20 Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e), the court must screen every in forma pauperis
21 proceeding and must order dismissal of the case if it is “frivolous or malicious,” “fails to state a
22 claim on which relief may be granted,” or “seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is
23 immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B); Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-27
24 (2000). In reviewing a complaint under this standard, the court accepts as true the factual
25 allegations, unless they are clearly baseless or fanciful, and construes them in the light most
26 favorable to the plaintiff. See Id. at 327; Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadena,
27 592 F.3d 954, 960 (9th Cir. 2010), cert. denied, 564 U.S. 1037 (2011).
28 ////
1 Pro se pleadings are held to a less stringent standard than those drafted by lawyers. Haines
2 v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972). However, the court need not accept as true conclusory
3 allegations, unreasonable inferences, or unwarranted deductions of fact. Western Mining Council
4 v. Watt, 643 F.2d 618, 624 (9th Cir. 1981). A formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of
5 action does not suffice to state a claim. Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-57
6 (2007); Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009).
7 To state a claim on which relief may be granted, a plaintiff must allege enough facts “to
8 state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A claim has facial
9 plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable
10 inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678.
11 III. ALLEGATIONS IN THE FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
12 The first amended complaint contains more detail than the original complaint, but the
13 factual allegations remain difficult to understand. The court is still unable to discern what claims
14 plaintiff intends to bring.
15 Plaintiff is a disabled stroke survivor and has a brain injury. Plaintiff speaks English as a
16 second language. (ECF No. 8 at 9.) Defendants are El Dorado County Sheriff’s Deputies Teri
17 Cissna, Ben Alvarez, and James Marshall.
18 Plaintiff alleges defendants arrested him on false accusations of contracting without a
19 California State Contractors License after his license was wrongfully revoked in 2007. (ECF No.
20 8 at 7.) Subsequently, plaintiff was convicted of a 2017 offense or offenses in the El Dorado
21 County Superior Court. (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff alleges “the judicial systems at ‘Placerville: Hang
22 Town, U.S.A.’ embrace the traditional blood thirsty days of hangings and public executions by
23 the lynching[ ] of persons found guilty” and the court acts in reaction to false police reports from
24 El Dorado County police agencies. (Id. at 5.) Following plaintiff’s conviction, “[n]o one reviewed
25 the actual court transcripts due to fears of errors.” (Id. at 7.) Plaintiff was subjected to “solitaire
26 custody” and harsh jail officers while he served the resulting six-month sentence. (Id. at 3-4.) His
27 firearms were seized. (Id. at 7.) Plaintiff now suffers from the harsh daily exposure of being
28 homeless or transient. (Id.)
1 IV. THE FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT FAILS TO STATE A CLAIM
2 A. Failure to Comply with Rule 8
3 The first amended complaint fails to allege a “plain statement of the claim” in a “simple,
4 concise, and direct” manner. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2) & (d)(1). As set forth, the court is unable to
5 discern what causes of action plaintiff intends to bring. Plaintiff has attached to the first amended
6 complaint over 100 pages of exhibits, including transcripts and medical and mental health
7 records. However, plaintiff was previously advised that in order to state a claim, he must plead his
8 claims by stating factual allegations in the actual complaint. Although the court will sometimes
9 consider exhibits when screening a complaint, the court will not comb through these exhibits in
10 search of possible claims where none adequately pleaded. The first amended complaint must be
11 dismissed. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1178-80 (9th Cir. 1996) (affirming dismissal of
12 complaint where “one cannot determine from the complaint who is being sued, for what relief,
13 and on what theory…”).
14 B. Supplements to the First Amended Complaint (ECF Nos. 9, 10, 14)
15 Since the filing of the first amended complaint, plaintiff has filed multiple documents that
16 appear to be intended supplements to the first amended complaint. The court does not generally
17 allow supplements to pleadings. An amended complaint replaces the original complaint and must
18 stand on its own. See Local Rule 220; Ramirez v. County of San Bernardino, 806 F.3d 1002,
19 1008 (9th Cir. 2015). Plaintiff is advised that further supplements to pleadings will be disregarded
20 unless plaintiff obtains leave of court to file a supplement to a pleading.
21 C. False Arrest
22 As plaintiff was previously cautioned, if through this action he seeks damages for false
23 arrest, then he will have to prove his conviction has been reversed on direct appeal, expunged by
24 executive order, declared invalid by a state tribunal authorized to make such a determination, or
25 called into question by a federal court’s issuance of a writ of habeas corpus. See Heck v.
26 Humphrey 512 U.S. 477, 486-87 (1994). Under Heck, when a plaintiff files a section 1983 action,
27 the court must consider whether “a judgment in favor of the plaintiff would necessarily imply the
28 invalidity of his conviction or sentence; if it would, the complaint must be dismissed unless the
1 plaintiff can demonstrate that the conviction or sentence has already been invalidated.” Id. at 487;
2 see also, e.g., Guerrero v. Gates, 442 F.3d 697, 703 (9th Cir. 2006) (concluding that Heck barred
3 the plaintiff’s civil rights claims alleging wrongful arrest, malicious prosecution, and conspiracy
4 among police officers to bring false charges). Plaintiff’s use of a habeas form to plead his civil
5 rights claims cannot overcome a Heck bar.
6 C. Conditions of Confinement
7 Plaintiff alleges he was subjected to “solitaire custody” and harsh jail officers while
8 confined in jail. (ECF No. 8 at 3-4.) Conditions of confinement may be restrictive and harsh
9 without being unconstitutional. Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347 (1981). Nevertheless,
10 “officials have a duty to ensure that prisoners are provided adequate shelter, food, clothing,
11 sanitation, medical care, and personal safety.” Johnson v. Lewis, 217 F.3d 726, 731 (9th Cir.
12 2000). When analyzing the constitutionality of conditions of confinement, a court analyzes each
13 condition separately to determine whether that specific condition violates the Eighth Amendment.
14 See Wright v. Rushen, 642 F.2d 1129, 1133 (9th Cir. 1981). A court also considers the amount of
15 time to which the prisoner was subjected to the condition. Hearns v. Terhune, 413 F.3d 1036,
16 1042 (9th Cir. 2005). In order to establish an Eighth Amendment violation, a plaintiff must
17 establish a prison official’s subjective “deliberate indifference” to the unconstitutional conditions
18 of confinement. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994).
19 Here, plaintiff’s allegations regarding conditions of confinement are not pleaded with
20 enough specificity for the court to determine whether any rights were allegedly violated.
21 Moreover, plaintiff does not specify any acts or omissions by any named defendant pertaining to
22 his conditions of confinement. In order to give fair notice of the claims and the grounds on which
23 they rest, a plaintiff must allege with at least some degree of particularity overt acts by specific
24 defendants which support the claims. See Kimes v. Stone, 84 F.3d 1121, 1129 (9th Cir. 1996).
25 D. Seizure of Firearms
26 Plaintiff alleges his firearms were seized while he was in custody. (ECF No. 8 at 7.)
27 Plaintiff has separately filed a request for the return of his firearms. (ECF No. 4.) It appears
28 plaintiff is alleging that various actors - including the district attorney, officers, and the court-
1 | violated his rights by seizing his firearms. Beyond conclusory allegations, however, most of
2 || which are directed against non-defendants, no factual assertions permit the court to draw an
3 || inference that any defendant is liable. See Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678.
4 V. CONCLUSION AND ORDER
5 Plaintiff's first amended complaint fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted.
6 || The court will grant plaintiff a final opportunity to amend in the event plaintiff believes there are
7 || additional facts he can allege to state a cognizable claim. Noll v. Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446, 1448-49
8 | (9th Cir. 1987). This opportunity to amend is not for the purpose of adding new and unrelated
9 | claims. George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007).
10 An amended complaint must be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading.
11 || See Loux v. Rhay, 375 F.2d 55, 57 (9th Cir. 1967); Local Rule 220. If plaintiff chooses to file an
12 || amended complaint, it should be clearly titled “Second Amended Complaint” and reference the
13 || appropriate case number. Alternatively, plaintiff may forego amendment and notify the court that
14 || he wishes to stand on his complaint. See Edwards v. Marin Park, Inc., 356 F.3d 1058, 1064-65 (9th
15 | Cir. 2004). If plaintiff elects to stand on his first amended complaint, then the undersigned will
16 || issue findings and recommendations to dismiss the complaint without further leave to amend;
17 | plaintiff will have an opportunity to object and the matter will be decided by a district judge.
18 In accordance with the above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:
19 1. Plaintiffs motions for extension of time (ECF Nos. 6, 7) are GRANTED and the first
20 || amended complaint is deemed timely filed;
21 2. Plaintiffs motion to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 11) is DENIED as moot
22 || because plaintiff was already granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis in this case; and
23 3. Within thirty days from the date of service of this order, plaintiff must file one of the
24 || following: a second amended complaint curing the deficiencies identified herein, a notice of
25 || voluntary dismissal, or a notice of election to stand on the first amended complaint.
26 || Dated: December 6, 2021 / a nd } i | Ld , a ce
2 CAROLYNK DELANEY
| Svand2tev1342.screenfac UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE