requiring official be subjectively aware of serious medical 21 need and fail to adequately respond to need to establish deliberate indifference
How later courts described this case
- requiring official be subjectively aware of serious medical 21 need and fail to adequately respond to need to establish deliberate indifference
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11 STEVEN GREGORY WILLIAMS, No. 2:19-cv-1591 KJM AC P
12 Plaintiff,
13 v. ORDER
14 USHA PANEMANGALOR PAI,
15 Defendant.
16
17 Plaintiff, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, seeks relief pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and
18 has requested authority pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915 to proceed in forma pauperis. ECF Nos. 1,
19 2. This proceeding was referred to this court by Local Rule 302 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
20 636(b)(1)(B).
21 For the reasons stated below, plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis will be
22 granted. The court will also direct that defendant Pai be served.
23 I. IN FORMA PAUPERIS APPLICATION
24 Plaintiff has submitted a declaration that makes the showing required by 28 U.S.C. §
25 1915(a). See ECF No. 2. Accordingly, the request to proceed in forma pauperis will be granted.
26 Plaintiff is required to pay the statutory filing fee of $350.00 for this action. 28 U.S.C. §§
27 1914(a), 1915(b)(1). By this order, plaintiff will be assessed an initial partial filing fee in
28 accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). By separate order, the court will direct
1 the appropriate agency to collect the initial partial filing fee from plaintiff’s trust account and
2 forward it to the Clerk of Court. Thereafter, plaintiff will be obligated for monthly payments of
3 twenty percent of the preceding month’s income credited to plaintiff’s prison trust account.
4 These payments will be forwarded by the appropriate agency to the Clerk of Court each time the
5 amount in plaintiff’s account exceeds $10.00, until the filing fee is paid in full. 28 U.S.C. §
6 1915(b)(2).
7 II. SCREENING REQUIREMENT
8 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a
9 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The
10 court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally
11 “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or that seek
12 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1)-(2).
13 A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact.
14 Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th
15 Cir. 1984). The court may, therefore, dismiss a claim as frivolous where it is based on an
16 indisputably meritless legal theory or where the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke,
17 490 U.S. at 327. The critical inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully
18 pleaded, has an arguable legal and factual basis. See Jackson v. Arizona, 885 F.2d 639, 640 (9th
19 Cir. 1989); Franklin, 745 F.2d at 1227.
20 “[A] complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to
21 relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (brackets added)
22 (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). “A claim has facial
23 plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable
24 inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citing
25 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). In reviewing a complaint under this standard, the court must accept
26 as true the allegations of the complaint in question, Hosp. Bldg. Co. v. Rex Hosp. Trustees, 425
27 U.S. 738, 740 (1976), construe the pleading in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, and
28 resolve all doubts in the plaintiff’s favor, Jenkins v. McKeithen, 395 U.S. 411, 421 (1969).
1 III. PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT
2 Plaintiff, an inmate at California Medical Facility (“CMF”), names Dr. Usha
3 Panemangalor Pai as the sole defendant in this action. He claims that Dr. Pai violated his Eighth
4 Amendment right to medical care. The complaint alleges as follows. In February 2019, after a
5 different surgeon had performed an angiogram and thrombolysis operation on plaintiff’s lower
6 left extremity and repaired a fractured stent, Dr. Pai failed to provide him with the pain
7 management medication he needed, despite the fact that he had developed a post-operative right
8 groin hematoma and had to be transported back to intensive care. See ECF No. 1 at 3-4.
9 Between February 17, 2019, and February 19, 2019, plaintiff complained to defendant Pai
10 and her nursing staff about his “level 8 to 9” severe right and left leg pain, sleep deprivation,
11 anxiety, and mental anguish, and that he repeatedly requested to be provided adequate post-
12 operation pain management medication for his serious medical condition.1 See ECF No. 1 at 4.
13 However, Dr. Pai ignored his complaints. See id.
14 When plaintiff asked a different doctor on duty – Dr. Osman – if he could be treated for
15 his pain, he was told that Dr. Pai’s opinion could not be overridden. Ultimately, plaintiff was
16 discharged from Dr. Pai’s care. Shortly thereafter, he was seen by Dr. Osman who examined his
17 lower extremities and prescribed him liquid morphine three times a day for five days. See ECF
18 No. 1 at 4. Dr. Osman’s nurse also wrote him a cell feed / lay-in for one week. See id.
19 As a result of defendant Pai’s conscious decision to ignore his medical condition for three
20 days, plaintiff suffered from sleep deprivation, anxiety, mental anguish, and severe lower
21 extremity pain. See ECF No. 1 at 3.
22 ////
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24 1 Plaintiff also states, in relevant part, that upon admission at CMF-CTC on February 16, 2019,
his refusal to sign and date the “Patient’s Rights and Conditions of Admission” form was
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recorded on a “Refusal of Examination and/or Treatment (CDC 7225)” form. See ECF No. 1 at
26 4. He states that thereafter, on two separate occasions, he clearly stated on the CDC 7225 forms
that defendant Pai was not providing him with adequate post-operation pain management
27 medication. See id. This was despite the fact that right after plaintiff had developed
complications, but prior to being assigned to defendant Pai, the surgeon who had performed
28 plaintiff’s surgery – Dr. Goldstein – did provide him with adequate pain relief medication.
1 IV. DISCUSSION
2 A. Applicable Law: Deliberate Indifference to Serious Medical Need
3 “The Constitution does not mandate comfortable prisons, but neither does it permit
4 inhumane ones.” Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832 (1994) (internal quotation marks and
5 citations omitted). “[A] prison official violates the Eighth Amendment only when two
6 requirements are met. First, the deprivation alleged must be, objectively, sufficiently serious; a
7 prison official’s act or omission must result in the denial of the minimal civilized measure of
8 life’s necessities.” Id. at 834 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Second, the prison
9 official must subjectively have a sufficiently culpable state of mind, “one of deliberate
10 indifference to inmate health or safety.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
11 This second prong... “is satisfied by showing (a) a purposeful act or failure to respond to a
12 prisoner’s pain or possible medical need and (b) harm caused by the indifference.” Jett v. Penner,
13 439 F.3d 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2006) (internal citations, punctuation and quotation marks
14 omitted); accord, Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1122 (9th Cir. 2012); Lemire v. CDCR,
15 726 F.3d 1062, 1081 (9th Cir. 2013).
16 Whether a defendant had requisite knowledge of a substantial risk of harm is a question of
17 fact. Farmer, 511 U.S. at 842. Thus, liability may be avoided by presenting evidence that the
18 defendant lacked knowledge of the risk and/or that his response was reasonable in light of all the
19 circumstances. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 844–45; see also Simmons v. Navajo County Ariz. 609
20 F.3d 1011, 1017-18 (9th Cir. 2010) (requiring official be subjectively aware of serious medical
21 need and fail to adequately respond to need to establish deliberate indifference).
22 The official is not liable under the Eighth Amendment unless he “knows of and disregards
23 an excessive risk to inmate health or safety; the official must both be aware of facts from which
24 the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw
25 the inference.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837. Then he must fail to take reasonable measures to abate
26 the substantial risk of serious harm. Id. at 847. Mere negligent failure to protect an inmate from
27 harm is not actionable under § 1983. See id. at 835.
28 ////
1 B. Analysis
2 Plaintiff has stated a cognizable claim of deliberate indifference to serious medical need
3 || against Dr. Pai. He has sufficiently alleged that after his surgery on February 14, 2019, a serious
4 || medical need arose when he developed a hematoma in his right groin, which caused him intense
5 || pain in his right and left legs and required his return to intensive care. See ECF No. | at 3-4.
6 | Plaintiffs allegations of refusal to provide pain medication for three days, despite knowledge of
7 || plaintiffs condition and the severity of his pain, id. at 4, are sufficient to demonstrate deliberate
8 | indifference. Accordingly, the complaint states a claim for violation of plaintiffs Eighth
9 | Amendment rights. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834; see also Jett, 439 F.3d at 1081. Dr. Pai will be
10 || ordered to respond to the complaint.
11 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
12 1. Plaintiffs motion to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) is GRANTED.
13 2. Plaintiff is obligated to pay the statutory filing fee of $350.00 for this action. Plaintiff
14 || is assessed an initial partial filing fee in accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C. §
15 | 1915(b)(1). All fees shall be collected and paid in accordance with this court’s order to the
16 || appropriate agency filed concurrently herewith.
17 3. Plaintiff has stated a cognizable Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim
18 | against the following defendant:
19 e Usha Panemangalor Pai, a physician and surgeon at California Medical
20 Facility.
21 4. Service of the complaint 1s appropriate.
22 Under separate order, the court shall direct that service be initiated on this defendant under
23 || the court’s E-Service Pilot Program for civil rights cases for the Eastern District of California.
24 || DATED: May 13, 2021 ~
25 Atter— Llar—e_
ALLISON CLAIRE
26 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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