holding that federal courts cannot enjoin pending state criminal 22 proceedings
How later courts described this case
- holding that federal courts cannot enjoin pending state criminal 22 proceedings
- district court has discretion to decline to exercise supplemental 21 jurisdiction over state law claims upon dismissal of all claims over which it has original 22 jurisdiction
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 KYLE MATTHEW WILDE, No. 2:20-cv-02166 TLN AC
12 Plaintiff,
13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
14 COUNTY OF BUTTE; BUTTE COUNTY
SHERRIF’S OFFICE, JASON MILLER,
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Defendants.
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17 Plaintiff, proceeding pro se, is a pre-trial detainee in Butte County Jail. ECF No. 1 at 17.
18 He seeks leave to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. ECF No. 2.
19 Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis makes the necessary showing that he is unable
20 to afford the cost of suit and will be granted. For the reasons set forth below, this court lacks
21 jurisdiction to hear this case and the complaint must be dismissed without leave to amend.
22 I. LEGAL STANDARDS FOR SCREENING PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT
23 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a
24 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The
25 court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally
26 “frivolous or malicious,” fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek monetary
27 relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1),(2). The
28 court may dismiss a claim as frivolous when it is based on an indisputably meritless legal theory
1 or when the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325, 327
2 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227–28 (9th Cir. 1984).
3 A district court must liberally construe pro se pleadings. A pro se litigant is entitled to
4 notice of the deficiencies in the complaint and an opportunity to amend unless the deficiencies
5 cannot be cured by amendment. See Noll v. Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446, 1448 (9th Cir. 1987).
6 Although detailed factual allegations are not required, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a
7 cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556
8 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)).
9 II. PLAINTIFF'S ALLEGATIONS
10 Plaintiff brings suit under 42 U.S.C.§ 1983 against the County of Butte, the Butte County
11 Sherriff’s Office, and Butte County Detective Jason Miller, for violation of plaintiff’s Fourth
12 Amendment protection against unlawful arrest. ECF No. 1 at 1, 10-11. Plaintiff argues that he
13 was arrested without probable cause based on hearsay evidence. Id. Plaintiff is currently
14 awaiting trial as a pre-trial detainee in Butte County Jail on charges directly related to the
15 allegedly unlawful arrest. Id. at 7. Plaintiff also brings state claims. Id. at 1. Plaintiff seeks
16 declaratory relief stating that his rights have been violated, a “preliminary and permanent
17 injunction” against the defendants, and damages. Id. at 14.
18 III. SCREENING OF PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT
19 The court cannot hear this case because federal courts are barred by the doctrine of
20 Younger abstention from interfering in most ongoing state court cases. See Younger v. Harris,
21 401 U.S. 37, 43–54 (1971) (holding that federal courts cannot enjoin pending state criminal
22 proceedings). Younger abstention applies to the following “three exceptional categories” of cases
23 identified in New Orleans Public Service, Inc. v. Council of New Orleans (NOPSI), 491 U.S. 350,
24 367-68 (1989): “(1) ‘parallel, pending state criminal proceedings,’ (2) ‘state civil proceedings that
25 are akin to criminal prosecutions,’ and (3) state civil proceedings that ‘implicate a State's interest
26 in enforcing the orders and judgments of its courts.’” ReadyLink Healthcare, Inc. v. State Comp.
27 Ins. Fund, 754 F.3d 754, 759 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Sprint Communications, Inc. v. Jacobs, 571
28 U.S. 69, 81 (2013)). “The Ninth Circuit also requires that “[t]he requested relief must seek to
1 enjoin—or have the practical effect of enjoining—ongoing state proceedings.” Id. (quoting
2 AmerisourceBergen Corp. v. Roden, 495 F.3d 1143, 1149 (9th Cir. 2007)). “Each element must
3 be satisfied, and the date for determining whether Younger applies is the date the federal action is
4 filed.” Id. (internal citations omitted).
5 Each element is satisfied in this case. First, parallel state criminal proceedings on charges
6 that form the basis of plaintiff’s Fourth Amendment claims are ongoing. Second, the pending
7 state action necessarily implicates the important state interest of determining whether plaintiff is
8 guilty of the violation of state criminal laws. Third, no reason exists that would bar the state court
9 from addressing plaintiff’s unlawful arrest claims. And finally, plaintiff’s requested relief, which
10 includes a declaration that his arrest was unlawful and an injunction against the defendants, would
11 effectively enjoin the pending state court criminal proceedings. Accordingly, the court finds that
12 Younger abstention applies to this case. This court is therefore divested of jurisdiction to hear
13 any part of this action. Columbia Basin Apartment Ass’n, 268 F.3d at 799. For these reasons, the
14 undersigned recommends the complaint be dismissed.
15 Because there is no viable federal claim, plaintiff’s state claims must also be dismissed; they
16 do not provide an independent basis for jurisdiction. See Galen v. County of Los Angeles, 477
17 F.3d 652, 662 (9th Cir. 2007) (“Section 1983 requires [plaintiff] to demonstrate a violation of
18 federal law, not state law.”). In the absence of a cognizable federal claim, this court should not
19 exercise supplemental jurisdiction over plaintiff's putative state law claim. Ove v. Gwinn, 264
20 F.3d 817, 826 (9th Cir. 2001) (district court has discretion to decline to exercise supplemental
21 jurisdiction over state law claims upon dismissal of all claims over which it has original
22 jurisdiction).
23 IV. NO LEAVE TO AMEND
24 For the above reasons, this court finds that the allegations of plaintiff’s complaint fail to
25 establish federal subject matter jurisdiction, and that these deficiencies cannot be cured by
26 amendment. “A district court may deny leave to amend when amendment would be futile.”
27 Hartmann v. CDCR, 707 F.3d 1114, 1130 (9th Cir. 2013).
28 ////
1 V. CONCLUSION
2 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that plaintiffs motion to proceed in forma
3 || pauperis (ECF No. 2) is granted.
4 IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED that this case be dismissed without leave to amend
5 || pursuant to the doctrine of Younger abstention.
6 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge
7 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen days
8 || after being served with these findings and recommendations, plaintiff may file written objections
9 || with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings
10 || and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified
11 || time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153
12 | (9th Cir. 1991).
13 | DATED: November 30, 2020
15 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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