treating prisoner’s suit against state officials in their official capacities as a 5 suit against the state of California
How later courts described this case
- treating prisoner’s suit against state officials in their official capacities as a 5 suit against the state of California
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11 ANTOINE L. ARDDS, Case No. 1:18-cv-01324-NONE-BAM (PC)
12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REGARDING DISMISSAL OF CERTAIN
13 v. CLAIMS AND DENIAL OF EX PARTE
MOTION FOR RELIEF AS MOOT
14 D. HICKS, et al.,
(ECF No. 32)
15 Defendants.
FOURTEEN (14) DAY DEADLINE
16
17
18 Plaintiff Antoine L. Ardds (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma
19 pauperis in this civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff initiated this action on
20 September 21, 2018, and the matter was transferred to this Court on September 26, 2018. (ECF
21 Nos. 1 and 3.) Plaintiff filed a first amended complaint on December 11, 2018. (ECF No. 23.)
22 On October 31, 2019, the Court screened Plaintiff’s first amended complaint and granted him
23 leave to amend. (ECF No. 29.) Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint on December 5,
24 2019, along with an ex parte motion seeking an order directing the provision of his legal property.
25 (ECF No. 32.) Plaintiff’s second amended complaint is currently before the Court for screening.
26 I. Screening Requirement and Standard
27 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a
28
1 governmental entity and/or against an officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C.
2 § 1915A(a). Plaintiff’s complaint, or any portion thereof, is subject to dismissal if it is frivolous
3 or malicious, if it fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or if it seeks monetary
4 relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A(b).
5 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the
6 pleader is entitled to relief . . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not
7 required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere
8 conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell
9 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). While a plaintiff’s allegations are taken
10 as true, courts “are not required to indulge unwarranted inferences.” Doe I v. Wal-Mart Stores,
11 Inc., 572 F.3d 677, 681 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
12 To survive screening, Plaintiff’s claims must be facially plausible, which requires
13 sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to reasonably infer that each named defendant is liable
14 for the misconduct alleged. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quotation marks omitted); Moss v. U.S.
15 Secret Serv., 572 F.3d 962, 969 (9th Cir. 2009). The sheer possibility that a defendant acted
16 unlawfully is not sufficient, and mere consistency with liability falls short of satisfying the
17 plausibility standard. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quotation marks omitted); Moss, 572 F.3d at 969.
18 II. Plaintiff’s Allegations
19 Plaintiff is currently housed at the California State Prison, Corcoran (“CSP-Corcoran”)
20 where the events in the amended complaint are alleged to have occurred. Plaintiff brings this
21 action for damages and injunctive relief against the following defendants: (1) Correctional
22 Counselor II D. Sanchez; (2) Officer D. Hicks; (3) Officer A. Baylon; (4) Officer J. Alcantar; (5)
23 Officer J. MycIntyre; (6) Lieutenant J. Amaya; and (7) Correctional Licensed Social Worker R.
24 Severens. Plaintiff names defendants in their individual and official capacities.
25 Allegations re Substantial Risk of Serious Harm
26 On September 2, 2017, Plaintiff arrived from the Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility
27 and was housed in a CTC-Mental Health Crisis Bed at CSP-Corcoran after experiencing a severe
28 claustrophobic reaction. In October 2017, Plaintiff was rehoused in CSP-Corcoran’s 3B-Facility.
1 Plaintiff alleges that he became a target of reprisals because of his participation in several staff
2 complaints and in litigation against officials of the California Department of Corrections and
3 Rehabilitation (“CDCR”). He was continuously scheduled for RVRs and appeal grievance
4 interviews with prior institutions. Plaintiff believes that e-mails and phone calls to Defendants
5 Hicks, Sanchez and Amaya prompted them to flag Plaintiff as an inmate who likes to write up
6 and sue staff. Plaintiff also believes that this prompted their sudden harassment, intimidation,
7 threats and use of other persons as an instrument of attacks and assaults. Plaintiff contends that
8 this led to the November 9, 2017 vicious assault by Plaintiff’s cellmate, who struck Plaintiff in
9 the face, causing severe injuries to his right eye, nose and lips after being hit from behind with a
10 state cup. Plaintiff further believes that this information prompted Defendants Hicks and Amaya
11 to instigate other inmates by starting rumors regarding Plaintiff’s commitment offence with the
12 office porters. Plaintiff asserts that these defendants were aware that such an act would more than
13 likely incite other prisoners to attack and assault Plaintiff, which occurred on November 9, when
14 he was attacked and assaulted by his cellmate.
15 On or about October 30, 2017, Defendants Hicks and Amaya informed Defendants
16 Alcantar and MycIntyre that Plaintiff liked to sue and write up officers and to check out his c-file.
17 This allegedly prompted Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre to display Plaintiff’s confidential,
18 privileged information to the unit porters from the unit computer. Plaintiff claims this was done
19 to incite other prisoners to attack and assault Plaintiff because defendants intended to punish him
20 for his crime and silence his complaints against CDCR officials.
21 On October 31, 2017, Defendants Hicks and Amaya were designated for housing and cell
22 assignment on CSP-Corcoran’s 3B- Facility. Defendants were aware of the substantial risk of
23 harm posed to Plaintiff by assigning a prior assaultive inmate into his cell. Defendants Hicks and
24 Amaya informed Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre that they were reassigning Inmate T. Hall
25 to Plaintiff’s cell even though they were aware of 15 unoccupied cells in 3B02.
26 On October 31, 2017, Plaintiff was informed by Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre to
27 expect a cellmate soon. Plaintiff informed Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre that a cellmate
28 would pose a threat to Plaintiff’s safety, displaying his CDCR documents, appeals and court
1 documents of complaints against staged assaults. Defendants stated that Plaintiff could either
2 accept his cellmate or be written up and still forced to accept his cellmate. Plaintiff continued to
3 address the matter, but he was told to take it up with his cellmate when he arrived.
4 Defendant Baylon escorted Inmate Hall into Plaintiff’s cell. Defendant Baylon reportedly
5 instigated this inmate to assault Plaintiff by releasing Plaintiff’s confidential privileged
6 information to him during their walk over to the unit.
7 Substantial Risk of Harm
8 On November 2, 2017, Defendants Severens and Sanchez were informed by Plaintiff of
9 his fears of being set up by CSP-Corcoran-3B officials for being an active participant in several
10 civil actions against CDCR officials. Between October 2017 and November 9, 2017, Plaintiff
11 made several requests to each defendant for a single cell placement due to his history of CDCR
12 officials staging in cell assaults by cellmates. Defendant Sanchez acknowledged her awareness of
13 such a threat posed to Plaintiff in his U.C.C. hearing and in his CDCR 128(b) chrono dated
14 November 2, 2017. Despite this knowledge, Defendant Sanchez ignored the risk factors and
15 failed to intervene to safeguard Plaintiff.
16 Plaintiff claims that due to the deliberate indifference of Defendants Severens and
17 Sanchez, Plaintiff was assaulted by his cellmate, Inmate T. Hall, on November 9, 2017. Plaintiff
18 sustained severe facial injuries from being struck from behind with a plastic cup. Inmate Hall had
19 a previous, similar attack on another inmate using a plastic cup.
20 Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Sanchez, Severens, Hicks, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Amaya
21 and Baylon were aware of Inmate Hall’s previous similar assaults on cellmates with state cups.
22 Plaintiff asserts that Defendant Hicks and Amaya were in charge of inmate housing assignments
23 and intentionally placed Inmate Hall in Plaintiff’s cell in retaliation for maintaining litigation
24 against several CDCR officials and Plaintiff’s commitment offense.
25 Allegations re Failure to Protect
26 Plaintiff alleges that on January 19, 2016, the CDCR Director and Secretary sent a
27 memorandum to all CDCR Wardens and Associate Directors addressing inmate housing
28 assignment considerations during the screening and housing process. On or about October 2017
1 through November 9, 2017, Plaintiff supplied each defendant with a copy of this memorandum to
2 reiterate their obligations to consider the vulnerabilities of inmates with mental and medical
3 health conditions or severe developmental disabilities when determining whether to grant single
4 cell status under the Departmental Operational Manual.
5 Plaintiff contends that he had demonstrated on several occasions through departmental
6 evidence that he fit each set of criteria in the January 19, 2016 memorandum. Plaintiff claims that
7 each of these factors was intentionally ignored by Defendants Hicks, Alcantar, Sanchez,
8 Severens, Amaya, Baylon and MycIntyre due to their feelings about his commitment offense and
9 his participation in civil suits and staff complaints against CDCR officials. Plaintiff further
10 alleges that defendants ignored the length of his sentence, his enemies and victimization history,
11 his vulnerability due to medical or mental health and disabilities, history of in-cell assaults and/or
12 violence, nature of commitment offense, “R” or “S” suffix determination, and designated
13 protective custody. Plaintiff asserts that due to defendants’ failure to comply or implement an
14 assessment of these criteria, he was assaulted with a state plastic cup from behind by Inmate Hall
15 on November 9, 2017. At the time of the attack, Plaintiff was in the medication line, the attack
16 was unprovoked, and he had never met or had any words with Inmate Hall prior to the cell
17 assignment and November 9 assault.
18 Allegations re Use of Inmate Hall as an Instrument of Assault
19 Plaintiff alleges that on November 9, 2017, at approximately 8:00 p.m., he was assaulted
20 by his cellmate, Inmate T. Hall. Inmate Hall came behind Plaintiff during medication call and
21 struck him with a state plastic cup several times to his face, causing severe injuries to his right
22 eye, nose and lips, which later required x-rays. Plaintiff claims that the attack was unprovoked
23 because Inmate Hall was just paced in his cell by Defendants Hicks, Sanchez, Alcantar,
24 MycIntyre and Amaya, who had prior knowledge of Inmate Hall’s similar assaults and STG
25 affiliation to the SNY 2-5ers.
26 Plaintiff claims that on November 9, 2017, Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre were in
27 position between the medication carts. Plaintiff asserts that both had a bird’s eye view of the
28 incident from beginning to end.
1 On December 19, 2017, Plaintiff requested that his inmate and staff witnesses be called.
2 The Senior Hearing Officer was given questions to be asked, including if the witnesses saw
3 Inmate Hall strike Plaintiff in his face several times. Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre offered
4 Inmate Hall’s use of the cup, without ever being asked.
5 Plaintiff alleges that between October 30, 2017 through November 9, 2017, Defendants
6 Amaya, MycIntyre and Hicks conspired to use Inmate Hall as their instrument to carry out the
7 assault on Plaintiff by intentionally placing Inmate Hall in his cell in retaliation for his exercise of
8 protected conduct. Each of these defendants reportedly had access to the department’s computer
9 to evaluate Plaintiff’s housing, cell and safety criteria.
10 Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
11 On November 27, Plaintiff filed his first appeal/grievance complaining about the failure of
12 Defendant Sanchez to honor Plaintiff’s single cell placement request. On December 19, 2017,
13 Plaintiff was brought before Defendant Sanchez for his appeal/grievance hearing. Plaintiff
14 informed Defendant Sanchez that it was conflict of interest and Plaintiff was threatened with
15 reprisal. Plaintiff contends that this was intended to intimidate him and force him to withdraw the
16 grievance. Upon being forced to withdraw his appeal, Plaintiff stated that he would better address
17 the issues about the November 9, 2017, in another appeal.
18 On December 28, 2017, Defendants Sanchez and Severens were given an Inmate Request
19 for Interview CDCR Form 22 requesting single cell placement. Plaintiff informed both
20 defendants of the possible use of cellmates as instruments of assault in retaliation for filing civil
21 actions.
22 On January 3, 2018, Plaintiff filed his second grievance/appeal addressing the failure to
23 protect against the assault by Inmate Hall. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Hicks, Amaya and
24 Sanchez and their agents delayed and obstructed the process, making administrative remedies
25 unavailable. Plaintiff also alleges that defendants retaliated against him in his efforts to resolve
26 the matter through proper investigation or evidentiary corroboration of his requested witnesses
27 during his disciplinary hearing on the charge of fighting.
28 On January 4, 2018, Plaintiff submitted an Inmate Request for Interview CDCR 22 Form
1 to Defendant Severens informing him of Plaintiff’s fears of cellmate assaults and retaliation from
2 CSP-Corcoran officials. Defendant Severens attempted to mislead Plaintiff regarding the criteria
3 for single cell status, referencing a reportedly non-existent memorandum from September 2011.
4 Defendant failed to offer such document upon request.
5 On March 5, 2018, Plaintiff received his grievance back, but it was not in its original
6 form. Plaintiff avers that Defendants Hicks, Sanchez and Amaya attempted to manipulate the
7 appeals process until Plaintiff refiled his complaint on March 7, 2018, as instructed.
8 Disability Accommodations & Deliberate Indifference
9 On March 29, 2018, in retaliation for Plaintiff filing the above complaints (and bringing
10 attention to the February 17, 2018 assault and battery and possible death of Inmate D. Cole by
11 several prison officials), Plaintiff’s complaint/letters to the Office of Internal Affairs were
12 intercepted by prison officials on February 22, 2018.
13 Defendants Sanchez, Hicks, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Severens, Amaya and Baylon attempted
14 to remove Plaintiff from the Enhanced Outpatient Housing Unit into a general population unit
15 that was not his assigned or designated mental health care level.
16 On March 29, 2018, Plaintiff gave notice to the floor officer of his need to speak with his
17 clinician, Defendants Severens, regarding Plaintiff’s suicidal ideation at approximately 1:15 p.m.
18 At approximately 1:57 p.m., Plaintiff’s neighbor overheard Plaintiff’s request and
19 statement of using a razor due to feeling suicidal. This inmate informed Defendants Alcantar and
20 MycIntyre of Plaintiff slicing and cutting his throat and neck in a suicide attempt.
21 Defendant Alcantar responded and handcuffed Plaintiff, seating him at the middle “B”
22 section dayroom table to be evaluated by medical first responders. Plaintiff was later escorted by
23 a designated security escort to sit on him during his mental and medical evaluation by an LVN,
24 RN and Chief Psychiatrist.
25 At approximately 4:35 p.m., the chief psychiatrist made a call to Defendant Amaya
26 requesting that Plaintiff be placed on single cell status when he returned. Defendant Amaya
27 agreed. While awaiting further evaluation, Plaintiff’s security escort officer conducted a check to
28 ensure that Plaintiff would be returning to his assigned cell as a single cell placement. At 4:45
1 p.m., this officer confirmed that Plaintiff should return to his assigned cell as a single cell.
2 On March 29, 2018, at approximately 4:48 p.m., Plaintiff was released back to his
3 assigned unit and cell. Upon huis return to the unit, Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre informed
4 Plaintiff that he had been reassigned to a CCCMS and general population housing unit., not his
5 designated EOP mental health level of care unit. Plaintiff was escorted to his newly assigned cell,
6 which was unoccupied. As Plaintiff entered, Defendants Baylon and another officer were
7 walking another handcuffed inmate toward Plaintiff’s cell.
8 Plaintiff kneeled in front of the cell and informed Defendant Baylon that he felt suicidal
9 and unsafe to be housed with anyone. He was handcuffed and taken outside in front of the
10 program office where he was threatened and refused a suicidal assessment/evaluation.
11 Defendants Amaya, Baylon and Hicks refused to acknowledge Plaintiff’s request for a mental
12 health suicide watch placement. Due to the continued threats of harm and the intimidation by
13 Defendants Hicks, Amaya and Baylon, Plaintiff was forced to agree to return to the unit. Upon
14 Plaintiff’s return, he observed that the other inmate was already in the cell and had the cell door
15 shut to prevent custody from opening it. Defendant Baylon stated that he would force Plaintiff
16 into the cell. Plaintiff was still cuffed, but the other inmate was not.
17 Once the tray slot was open, the other inmate placed two razors on the tray slot, pointing
18 at them for Plaintiff to see. The inmate stated to Defendant Baylon that Plaintiff would not be
19 coming into the cell and displayed a prison knife/shank. Plaintiff was placed into the shower
20 while the assigned third watch sergeant attempted to manipulate the situation with the other
21 inmate.
22 The escorting officer notified the Chief Psychiatrist, who informed the watch commander
23 that Plaintiff was being forced to house in the inappropriate mental health treatment unit.
24 Plaintiff was later reassigned to original housing unit. Upon being reassigned, Plaintiff informed
25 Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre of his suicidal ideations, because he was feeling stressed out
26 and depressed. Defendants continued to ignore Plaintiff’s mental health concerns.
27 Plaintiff is informed that the psychiatrist sent subordinate psychologists or psychiatrists to
28 remove Plaintiff from the unsafe environment. Plaintiff informed them of his suicidal ideation.
1 They then instructed Defendants Alcantar and MycIntyre to place Plaintiff in the shower. He was
2 later escorted to CTC-MHCB (crisis bed). Plaintiff alleges that the removal from his designated
3 EOP treatment program was a conspired effort between Defendants Hicks, Alcantar, Baylon,
4 MycIntyre, Sanchez and Amaya to silence his complaint to Internal Affairs officials.
5 Equal Protection
6 Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Hicks, Baylon, Alcantar, Sanchez, Amaya, Severens and
7 MycIntyre engaged in act of discrimination against him based on his mental disabilities and his
8 commitment offense. Between October 30, 2017 and March 29, 2018, Plaintiff alleges that
9 Defendants Hicks, Baylon, Amaya, Alcantar and MycIntyre attempted to instigate, incite or
10 provoke other mentally disabled inmates to attack and assault Plaintiff by releasing confidential
11 privileged C-file information to them.
12 Plaintiff further alleges that a number of events continued to occur with Plaintiff and other
13 mentally disabled inmates that should have raised concerns about CSP-Corcoran’s 3B-2 and 3B-
14 01 units. Plaintiff claims that Defendants continued to engage in custom and pattern of using
15 other prisoners as the instrument of their assaults upon Plaintiff in retaliation for filing complaints
16 and advocating for those inmates who are incompetent to address their own issues.
17 Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Hicks, Sanchez, Alcantar, Amaya, MycIntyre, and
18 Baylon failed to act upon or protect against the substantial risk of harm posed to plaintiff from
19 October 2017 through November 9, 2017, when he was assaulted by his cellmate. Plaintiff
20 contends that this amounts to the deprivation of his right to reasonable protect on assault and
21 attacks from other people in prison, harassment, threats or intimidation. Plaintiff believes that
22 each defendant had a duty under the Eighth Amendment to protect prisoners from violence at the
23 hand of other prisoners.
24 Requested Relief
25 As relief, Plaintiff seeks compensatory and punitive damages.
26 III. Discussion
27 A. Official Capacity
28 Plaintiff is attempting to sue Defendants Sanchez, Hicks, Baylon, Alcantar, MycIntyre,
1 Amaya and Severens for monetary damages in their official and individual capacities.
2 “Suits against state officials in their official capacity ... should be treated as suits against
3 the State.” Hafer v. Melo, 502 U.S. 21, 25 (1991); Holley v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr., 599 F.3d 1108,
4 1111 (9th Cir. 2010) (treating prisoner’s suit against state officials in their official capacities as a
5 suit against the state of California). An official capacity suit “represent[s] only another way of
6 pleading an action against an entity of which an officer is an agent.” Kentucky v. Graham, 473
7 U.S. 159, 165 (1985) (citation omitted). Such a suit “is not a suit against the official personally,
8 for the real party in interest is the entity.” Id. at 166 (emphasis in original).
9 “The Eleventh Amendment bars suits for money damages in federal court against a state,
10 its agencies, and state officials acting in their official capacities.” Aholelei v. Dep’t of Public
11 Safety, 488 F.3d 1144, 1147 (9th Cir. 2007). Therefore, Plaintiff’s claim for monetary damages
12 against each of the named defendants in their official capacity is barred by the Eleventh
13 Amendment.
14 B. First Amendment - Retaliation
15 Allegations of retaliation against a prisoner’s First Amendment rights to speech or to
16 petition the government may support a section 1983 claim. Silva v. Di Vittorio, 658 F.3d 1090,
17 1104 (9th Cir. 2011); Rizzo v. Dawson, 778 F.2d 527, 532 (9th Cir. 1985); see also
18 Valandingham v. Bojorquez, 866 F. 2d 1135 (9th Cir. 1989); Pratt v. Rowland, 65 F.3d 802, 807
19 (9th Cir. 1995). “Within the prison context, a viable claim of First Amendment retaliation entails
20 five basic elements: (1) An assertion that a state actor took some adverse action against an inmate
21 (2) because of (3) that prisoner’s protected conduct, and that such action (4) chilled the inmate’s
22 exercise of his First Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not reasonably advance a legitimate
23 correctional goal.” Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68 (9th Cir. 2005); accord Watison v.
24 Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1114-15 (9th Cir. 2012); Silva, 658 at 1104; Brodheim v. Cry, 584 F.3d
25 1262, 1269 (9th Cir. 2009).
26 At the pleading stage, the Court finds that Plaintiff states a cognizable claim for retaliation
27 against Defendants Hicks, Amaya, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Baylon and Sanchez in their individual
28 capacities arising from allegations that defendants set him up for assault on November 9, 2017.
1 Plaintiff also states a cognizable claim for retaliation against Defendants Hicks, Amaya, Alcantar,
2 MycIntyre, Baylon, Sanchez and Severens based on their attempt to improperly assign Plaintiff
3 outside of his designated EOP mental health level of care unit and place him in an occupied cell
4 after a direction that he receive a single cell placement.
5 C. Eighth Amendment – Failure to Protect
6 Prison officials have a duty under the Eighth Amendment to protect prisoners from
7 violence at the hands of other prisoners or others because being violently assaulted in prison is
8 simply not part of the penalty that criminal offenders pay for their offenses against society.
9 Farmer, 511 U.S. at 833-34; Clem v. Lomeli, 566 F.3d 1177, 1181 (9th Cir. 2009); Hearns v.
10 Terhune, 413 F.3d 1036, 1040 (9th Cir. 2005). However, prison officials are liable under the
11 Eighth Amendment only if they demonstrate deliberate indifference to conditions posing a
12 substantial risk of serious harm to an inmate; and it is well settled that deliberate indifference
13 occurs when an official acted or failed to act despite his knowledge of a substantial risk of serious
14 harm. Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834, 841; Clem, 566 F.3d at 1181; Hearns, 413 F.3d at 1040.
15 At the pleading stage, the Court finds that Plaintiff has stated a cognizable claim against
16 Defendants Sanchez, Hicks, Baylon, Alcantar, MycIntyre, and Amaya in their individual
17 capacities for their failure to protect him from assault by Inmate Hall on November 9, 2017.
18 Plaintiff does not state a cognizable claim against Defendant Severens arising out of the
19 allegations involving Inmate Hall. There is no allegation that Defendant Severens knew of a
20 serious risk of harm from this specific inmate.
21 D. Single Cell Status
22 Insofar as Plaintiff complains that he originally should have assigned single cell status,
23 there is no fundamental right in placement in a single or two-person prison cell. A prisoner does
24 not have a constitutional right to be housed in a single cell. See Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S.
25 337, 347-48 (1981) (holding that double-celling does not violate Eighth Amendment when it does
26 not involve conditions amounting to unnecessary and wanton pain). An inmate has no
27 constitutional right to a particular security classification or housing. See Meachum v. Fano, 427
28 U.S. 215, 224–25 (1976) (no liberty interest protected by the Due Process Clause is implicated in
1 a prison’s reclassification and transfer decisions); see also Myron v. Terhune, 476 F.3d 716, 718
2 (9th Cir. 2007). Neither the Eighth nor the Fourteenth Amendment endows prisoners with a right
3 to be housed in a particular part of the prison or with a particular inmate. See Meachum, 427 U.S.
4 at 224–25 (no liberty interest in placement in particular facility); Allen v. Purkett, 5 F.3d 1151,
5 1153 (8th Cir.1993) (no Due Process right to be housed in a certain barrack or housing unit or
6 with certain inmates); Bjorlin v. Hubbard, No. CIV S–09–1793, 2010 WL 457685, *1 (E.D. Cal.
7 Feb. 4, 2010) (same). The deficiencies in this claim cannot be cured by amendment.
8 E. Fourteenth Amendment – Due Process – Grievances
9 Insofar as Plaintiff’s Due Process claim is based on the processing and resolution of his
10 appeals/grievances, Plaintiff’s complaint fails to state a cognizable claim. “The Fourteenth
11 Amendment’s Due Process Clause protects persons against deprivations of life, liberty, or
12 property; and those who seek to invoke its procedural protection must establish that one of these
13 interests is at stake.” Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209, 221 (2005). Plaintiff does not a have
14 protected liberty interest in the processing of his appeals/grievances, and therefore, he cannot
15 pursue a claim for denial of due process with respect to the handling or resolution of his appeals.
16 Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d 850, 860 (9th Cir. 2003) (citing Mann v. Adams, 855 F.2d 639, 640
17 (9th Cir. 1988)). These deficiencies cannot be cured by amendment.
18 F. Fourteenth Amendment - Equal Protection
19 To the extent Plaintiff is pursuing an Equal Protection claim based on his status as a
20 mental health patient, Plaintiff’s complaint also fails to state a cognizable claim. The Equal
21 Protection Clause requires that persons who are similarly situated be treated alike. City of
22 Cleburne, Tex. v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 432, 439, (1985); Shakur v. Schriro, 514 F.3d
23 878, 891 (9th Cir. 2008). An equal protection claim may be established by showing that
24 defendants intentionally discriminated against a plaintiff based on his membership in a protected
25 class, Comm. Concerning Cmty. Improvement v. City of Modesto, 583 F.3d 690, 702– 03 (9th
26 Cir. 2009); Serrano v. Francis, 345 F.3d 1071,1082 (9th Cir. 2003), or that similarly situated
27 individuals were intentionally treated differently without a rational relationship to a legitimate
28 state purpose, Engquist v. Oregon Department of Agr., 553 U.S. 591, 601–02 (2008); Village of
1 Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 564 (2000); Lazy Y Ranch Ltd. v. Behrens, 546 F.3d 580,
2 592 (9th Cir. 2008).
3 Plaintiff has not shown that he was discriminated against because of his membership in
4 any protected class, as “neither prisoners nor mentally ill persons qualify as a protected class for
5 equal protection purposes.” Garrett v. Gastello, No. CV 20-4057-PA (JEM), 2020 WL 3963749,
6 at *6 (C.D. Cal. July 13, 2020) (citing City of Cleburne, 473 U.S. at 445-46, and Heller v. Doe by
7 Doe, 509 U.S. 312, 321 (1993)). “The mentally ill are . . . not a suspect class for equal protection
8 purposes.” Parrish v. Macomber, No. 2:17-cv-1959 AC P, 2020 WL 3260086, at *2 (E.D. Cal.
9 Apr. 21, 2020), report and recommendation adopted, No. 2:17-cv-01959-TLN-AC, 2020 WL
10 3254135 (E.D. Cal. June 16, 2020). Nor has Plaintiff shown that he was intentionally treated
11 differently than other similarly situated inmates without a rational relationship to a legitimate
12 state purpose. Plaintiff’s conclusory statements about discrimination do not suffice. Therefore, he
13 has not stated any claim for a violation of his Fourteenth Amendment rights. Plaintiff has been
14 unable to cure the deficiencies in this claim.
15 IV. Ex Parte Motion
16 Plaintiff filed his amended complaint and ex parte motion while housed at the California
17 Medical Facility. (ECF No.32 at 27.) By his ex parte motion, Plaintiff requests that the Court
18 direct CSP-Corcoran to send his property to him at the California Medical Facility. (Id. at 28.)
19 However, Plaintiff is no longer housed at the California Medical Facility and has returned to CSP-
20 Corcoran, where his property is reportedly located. Accordingly, the Court will recommend that
21 Plaintiff’s ex parte motion be denied as moot.
22 V. Conclusion and Recommendation
23 Based on the above, the Court finds that Plaintiff's second amended complaint states the
24 following cognizable claims: (1) retaliation in violation of the First Amendment against
25 Defendants Hicks, Amaya, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Baylon, and Sanchez in their individual
26 capacities arising out of the November 9, 2017 assault; (2) retaliation in violation of the First
27 Amendment against Defendants Hicks, Amaya, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Baylon, Sanchez and
28 Severens in their individual capacities arising out of their attempt to improperly assign Plaintiff
1 outside of his designated EOP mental health level of care unit and place him in an occupied cell
2 after a direction that he receive a single cell placement; and (3) failure to protect from assault by
3 Inmate Hall on November 9, 2017 in violation of the Eighth Amendment against Defendants
4 Hicks, Amaya, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Baylon and Sanchez in their individual capacities. Plaintiff
5 fails to state any other cognizable claims. Despite being provided with the relevant pleading and
6 legal standards, Plaintiff has been unable to cure the remaining deficiencies and further leave to
7 amend is not warranted. Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000).
8 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED as follows:
9 1. This action proceed on Plaintiff’s second amended complaint, filed on December
10 5, 2019, on the following cognizable claims: (1) retaliation in violation of the First Amendment
11 against Defendants Hicks, Amaya, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Baylon, and Sanchez in their individual
12 capacities arising out of the November 9, 2017 assault; (2) retaliation in violation of the First
13 Amendment against Defendants Hicks, Amaya, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Baylon, Sanchez and
14 Severens in their individual capacities arising out of their attempt to improperly assign Plaintiff
15 outside of his designated EOP mental health level of care unit and place him in an occupied cell
16 after a direction that he receive a single cell placement; and (3) failure to protect from assault by
17 Inmate Hall on November 9, 2017 in violation of the Eighth Amendment against Defendants
18 Hicks, Amaya, Alcantar, MycIntyre, Baylon and Sanchez in their individual capacities;
19 2. All other claims be dismissed from this action based on Plaintiff’s failure to state
20 claims upon which relief may be granted; and
21 3. Plaintiff’s ex parte motion for relief be denied as moot.
22 These Findings and Recommendation will be submitted to the United States District Judge
23 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen
24 (14) days after being served with these Findings and Recommendation, Plaintiff may file written
25 objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s
26 Findings and Recommendation.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the
27 ///
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1 specified time may result in the waiver of the “right to challenge the magistrate’s factual findings”
2 on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan,
3 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)).
4
IT IS SO ORDERED.
5
6 Dated: August 6, 2020 /s/ Barbara A. McAuliffe _
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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