mere difference of medical opinion between medical professionals 18 concerning what medical care is appropriate does not amount of deliberate indifference
How later courts described this case
- mere difference of medical opinion between medical professionals 18 concerning what medical care is appropriate does not amount of deliberate indifference
- “The deliberate indifference doctrine is limited in scope.”
- “A district court □□ 9 deny leave to amend when amendment would be futile.”
- “A difference of 20 opinion between a prisoner-patient and prison medical authorities does not give rise to a § 1983 21 claim.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 TAFT L. HILL, ) Case No. 1:19-cv-01221-SAB (PC)
)
12 Plaintiff, ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO
) RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE TO
13 v. ) THIS ACTION
)
14 C. PFEIFER, et al., FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION
) RECOMMENDING DISMISSAL OF THE
15 Defendants. ) ACTION FOR FAILURE TO STATE A
) COGNIZABLE CLAIM FOR RELIEF
16 )
) [ECF No. 9]
17 )
18 Plaintiff Taft L. Hill is appearing pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action
19 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
20 Currently before the Court is Plaintiff’s first amended complaint, filed October 9, 2019.
21 I.
22 SCREENING REQUIREMENT
23 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a
24 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The
25 Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally
26 “frivolous or malicious,” that “fail[] to state a claim on which relief may be granted,” or that “seek[]
27 monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).
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1 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled
2 to relief. . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not required, but “[t]hreadbare
3 recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.”
4 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555
5 (2007)). Moreover, Plaintiff must demonstrate that each defendant personally participated in the
6 deprivation of Plaintiff’s rights. Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d 930, 934 (9th Cir. 2002).
7 Prisoners proceeding pro se in civil rights actions are entitled to have their pleadings liberally
8 construed and to have any doubt resolved in their favor. Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1121
9 (9th Cir. 2012) (citations omitted). To survive screening, Plaintiff’s claims must be facially plausible,
10 which requires sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to reasonably infer that each named
11 defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678-79; Moss v. U.S. Secret Service,
12 572 F.3d 962, 969 (9th Cir. 2009). The “sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully” is not
13 sufficient, and “facts that are ‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability” falls short of satisfying
14 the plausibility standard. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; Moss, 572 F.3d at 969.
15 II.
16 COMPLAINT ALLEGATIONS
17 On October 6, 2015, Plaintiff received a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
18 machine, with instructions on how to use and clean the appliance.
19 On November 20, 2016, Plaintiff received the following CPAP maintenance supplies and
20 education worksheet: (1) one-galloon plastic jug for distilled water; (2) one-gallon plastic jug of
21 water/vinegar solution; and (3) one-plastic baggie of mild liquid soap 1 for 1 exchange.
22 On January 1, 2018, the reasonable accommodation panel, which consisted of Defendants S.
23 Rimbach, S. Lopez, K. Carter, and B. Kemp advised Plaintiff that there was no medical indication for
24 him to receive distilled water or soap for his CPAP machine. However, Plaintiff received distilled
25 water on August 24, 2018.
26 On December 10, 2018, Defendant K. Brown, told Plaintiff to clean the CPAP daily with
27 drinkable water and allow to air dry.
28 ///
1 From December 19, 2017 to June 19, 2019, Kern Valley State Prison has never provided
2 Plaintiff with the appropriate supplies to sterilize the CPAP machine or equipment.
3 Plaintiff suffers from nasal infections, pain and pressure, difficulty breathing, and sleep
4 deprivation.
5 Plaintiff requests $300,000 in damages.
6 III.
7 DISCUSSION
8 A. Deliberate Indifference to Serious Medical Need
9 While the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution entitles Plaintiff to medical
10 care, the Eighth Amendment is violated only when a prison official acts with deliberate indifference to
11 an inmate’s serious medical needs. Snow v. McDaniel, 681 F.3d 978, 985 (9th Cir. 2012), overruled
12 in part on other grounds, Peralta v. Dillard, 744 F.3d 1076, 1082-83 (9th Cir. 2014); Wilhelm v.
13 Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1122 (9th Cir. 2012); Jett v. Penner, 439 F.3d 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2006).
14 Plaintiff “must show (1) a serious medical need by demonstrating that failure to treat [his] condition
15 could result in further significant injury or the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain,” and (2) that
16 “the defendant’s response to the need was deliberately indifferent.” Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1122 (citing
17 Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096). Deliberate indifference is shown by “(a) a purposeful act or failure to respond
18 to a prisoner’s pain or possible medical need, and (b) harm caused by the indifference.” Wilhelm, 680
19 F.3d at 1122 (citing Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096). The requisite state of mind is one of subjective
20 recklessness, which entails more than ordinary lack of due care. Snow, 681 F.3d at 985 (citation and
21 quotation marks omitted); Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1122. In order to establish a claim of deliberate
22 indifference based on a delay in treatment, a plaintiff must show that the delay was harmful. See
23 Hallett v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 745-46 (9th Cir. 2002); Berry v. Bunnell, 39 F.3d 1056, 1057 (9th
24 Cir. 1994).
25 “A difference of opinion between a physician and the prisoner - or between medical
26 professionals - concerning what medical care is appropriate does not amount to deliberate
27 indifference.” Snow, 681 F.3d at 987 (citing Sanchez v. Vild, 891 F.2d 240, 242 (9th Cir. 1989);
28 Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1122-23 (citing Jackson v. McIntosh, 90 F.3d 330, 332 (9th Cir. 1986)). Rather,
1 Plaintiff “must show that the course of treatment the doctors chose was medically unacceptable under
2 the circumstances and that the defendants chose this course in conscious disregard of an excessive risk
3 to [his] health.” Snow, 681 F.3d at 988 (citing Jackson, 90 F.3d at 332) (internal quotation marks
4 omitted). In addition, mere ‘indifference,’ ‘negligence,’ or ‘medical malpractice’ will not support this
5 cause of action.” Broughton v. Cutter Laboratories, 622 F.2d 458, 460 (9th Cir. 1980) (citing Estelle
6 v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 105-06 (1976)). “Medical malpractice does not become a constitutional
7 violation merely because the victim is a prisoner.” Estelle, 429 U.S. at 106; Snow, 681 F.3d at 987-
8 88; Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1122 (“The deliberate indifference doctrine is limited in scope.”).
9 Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate deliberate indifference by any prison official. Even if
10 it is assumed that Plaintiff has a serious medical need that requires the use of the CPAP machine,
11 Plaintiff does not expressly demonstrate or allege that the lack of the supplies for the CPAP machine
12 caused him further medical problems. Rather, he simply contends that he suffers from nasal
13 infections, pain and pressure, difficulty breathing, and sleep deprivation; however, Plaintiff has failed
14 to demonstrate that any of these symptoms were the result of the lack of cleaning supplies or delay in
15 receiving distilled water. Further, Plaintiff’s claim that Defendants failed to comply with the
16 recommendations made by Dr. Ashraf-Alim does not demonstrate deliberate indifference. See Snow
17 v. McDaniel, 681 F.3d at 987 (mere difference of medical opinion between medical professionals
18 concerning what medical care is appropriate does not amount of deliberate indifference); see also
19 Franklin v. State of Oregon State Welfare Div., 662 F.2d 1337, 1344 (9th Cir. 1981) (“A difference of
20 opinion between a prisoner-patient and prison medical authorities does not give rise to a § 1983
21 claim.”) Indeed, as stated in the March 19, 2019, appeal response, “The provider did not document a
22 medical necessity for vinegar water, liquid soap, new headgear, or tubing.” (1st Am. Compl, Ex. D,
23 ECF No. 9.) It was also noted that Plaintiff was receiving distilled water for the machine. (Id.)
24 Accordingly, Plaintiff fails to state a cognizable claim for deliberate indifference. Because Plaintiff
25 has previously been provided the legal standard and failed to cure the deficiencies, further leave to
26 amend is not warranted and would be futile. See Hartmann v. CDCR, 707 F.3d 1114, 1130 (9th Cir.
27 2013).
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1 IV.
2 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
3 Plaintiffs first amended complaint fails to state a cognizable claim for relief. Plaintiff w
4 || previously notified of the applicable legal standards and the deficiencies in his pleading, and despi
5 || guidance from the Court, Plaintiffs first amended complaint is largely identical to the origin
6 ||complaint. Based upon the allegations in Plaintiff's original and first amended complaints, the Court
7 || persuaded that Plaintiff is unable to allege any additional facts that would support a claim for relief, ar
8 || further amendment would be futile. See Hartmann v. CDCR, 707 F.3d at 1130 (“A district court □□
9 deny leave to amend when amendment would be futile.”) Based on the nature of the deficiencies
10 || issue, the Court finds that further leave to amend is not warranted. Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 11:
11 || (9th. Cir. 2000); Noll v. Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446-1449 (9th Cir. 1987).
12 Accordingly, the Clerk of the Court is HEREBY DIRECTED to randomly assign a District
13 || Judge to this action.
14 Further, for the reasons explained above, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that this action |
15 || dismissed for failure to state a cognizable claim for relief.
16 This Findings and Recommendation will be submitted to the United States District Judge
17 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within twenty-one (21)
18 || days after being served with this Findings and Recommendation, Plaintiff may file written objections
19 || with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and
20 || Recommendation.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may
21 result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014)
22 || (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)).
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24 IS SO ORDERED.
A (ee
Dated: _ October 18, 2019 OF
26 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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