referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)
How later courts described this case
- referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 WILLIAM ROUSER, No. 2:19-CV-1233-TLN-DMC-P
12 Plaintiff,
13 v. ORDER
14 JULIA GAMBOA, et al.,
15 Defendants.
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17 Plaintiff, a prisoner proceeding pro se, brings this civil rights action pursuant to
18 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s first amended complaint (ECF No. 15)
19 alleging violations of his rights under the Eighth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment.
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21 I. SCREENING REQUIREMENT AND STANDARD
22 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief
23 against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C.
24 § 1915A(a). The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if it: (1) is frivolous or
25 malicious; (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief
26 from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2).
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1 The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require complaints contain a “…short and
2 plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” See McHenry v.
3 Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(1)). Detailed factual
4 allegations are not required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action,
5 supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678
6 (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). While a plaintiff’s
7 allegations are taken as true, courts “are not required to indulge unwarranted inferences.” Doe I v.
8 Wal–Mart Stores, Inc., 572 F.3d 677, 681 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and citation
9 omitted).
10 Prisoners proceeding pro se in civil rights actions are entitled to have their
11 pleadings liberally construed and are afforded the benefit of any doubt. Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d
12 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010) (citations omitted). To survive screening, Plaintiff’s claims must be
13 facially plausible, which requires sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to reasonably infer
14 that each named defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged, Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quotation
15 marks omitted); Moss v. United States Secret Service, 572 F.3d 962, 969 (9th Cir. 2009). The
16 sheer possibility that a defendant acted unlawfully is not sufficient, and mere consistency with
17 liability falls short of satisfying the plausibility standard. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quotation marks
18 omitted); Moss, 572F.3d at 969.
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20 II. PLAINTIFF’S ALLEGATIONS
21 Plaintiff names fourteen Defendants: (1) Julia Gamboa, (2) Lara Konnerly, (3) T.
22 Weyer, (4) Barbara Smith, (5) P. Gonzalez, (6) Parsons, (7) Spangler, (8) R. Valencia, (9) S.
23 Gates, (10) Lelewer, (11) Roth, (12) D. Brown, (13) Montoya, (14) Margarita Marquez. Plaintiff
24 alleges four claims. First, Plaintiff alleges Defendants Julia Gamboa, Lara Kennerly, Barbara
25 Smith, and Margarita Marquez violated his Eighth Amendment right when he told them he would
26 commit suicide. Plaintiff contends he then attempted to commit suicide by taking “heroin and
27 psych meds.” It is unclear from the complaint if Plaintiff is alleging these Defendants failed to
28 act, if their actions were inadequate, or if some other action by these Defendants violated
1 Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment Rights. Plaintiff also references Defendants Weyer and Spangler,
2 but it is unclear what if anything they did to violate Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment rights.
3 Second, Plaintiff alleges Defendants Gonzalez, Roth, and Weyer violated his due
4 process and equal protection rights under the Fourteenth Amendment because these Defendants
5 “will transfer him” if he files a grievance. Plaintiff also refers to Defendants Marquez and
6 Gonzales in this section, but it is unclear what if anything they did to violate Plaintiff’s
7 Fourteenth Amendment rights. Third, Plaintiff alleges Defendants Weyer, Valencia, and S. Gates
8 violated his due process and equal protection rights under the Fourteenth Amendment because
9 they were not impartial in evaluating his 602 grievance. Fourth, Plaintiff alleges an unnamed
10 Defendant violated his Eighth Amendment right to mental health. It is wholly unclear how this
11 unnamed Defendant violated Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment right.
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13 III. ANALYSIS
14 The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require complaints contain a “…short and
15 plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” See McHenry v.
16 Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(1)). Claims must be
17 stated simply, concisely, and directly. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1177 (9th Cir.
18 1996) (referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)). These rules are satisfied if the complaint gives the
19 defendant fair notice of the plaintiff’s claim and the grounds upon which it rests. See Kimes v.
20 Stone, 84 F.3d 1121, 1129 (9th Cir. 1996). Because a plaintiff must allege, with at least some
21 degree of particularity, overt acts by specific defendants which support the claims, vague and
22 conclusory allegations fail to satisfy this standard. Additionally, to survive screening, Plaintiff’s
23 claims must be facially plausible, which requires sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to
24 reasonably infer that each named defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged, Iqbal, 556 U.S. at
25 678 (quotation marks omitted); Moss v. United States Secret Service, 572 F.3d 962, 969 (9th Cir.
26 2009).
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1 Here, each of Plaintiff’s claims fails to meet the Rule 8 pleading standard.
2 Plaintiff’s first claim fails to allege acts indicating how the named Defendants violated his Eighth
3 Amendment rights. Plaintiff only alleges he informed the Defendants that he was suicidal and
4 that he then attempted suicide. It is unclear what role, if any, Defendants played there. Further,
5 Plaintiff asserts he informed the Defendants he would kill himself after he finished a book, and
6 Defendants Marquez and Carrasco attempted to help. There are simply no facts alleging
7 wrongdoing on the part of these Defendants related to this claim.
8 Plaintiff’s second claim also fails to meet the Rule 8 pleading requirements.
9 Plaintiff simply alleges he would be transferred if he files a 602. The remaining portions of this
10 claim are difficult to read due to illegible handwriting. From the text that is legible, it is unclear if
11 Plaintiff was in fact transferred, and if so, who played a role in transferring Plaintiff. Further,
12 Plaintiff has failed to allege how this transfer violated his due process or equal protection rights.
13 In other words, Plaintiff has failed to allege facts indicating he is “entitled to relief.” McHenry v.
14 Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996).
15 Plaintiff’s third claim similarly fails to meet the Rule 8 pleading requirements.
16 Plaintiff fails to link any conduct by the Defendants with any of the alleged violations. For this
17 reason, it is unclear how the named Plaintiff’s violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth
18 Amendment. Plaintiff’s conclusory allegations are insufficient. See McHenry, 84 F.3d at 1177.
19 Plaintiff’s fourth claim is completely unclear. The Court was unable to decipher
20 this claim due to the quality of the handwriting and the complete lack of clarity. Plaintiff must
21 name which defendants violated his Eighth Amendment rights and allege facts demonstrating
22 how the named defendants violated his Eighth Amendment rights. This claim is void of both
23 requirements. For these reasons, none of Plaintiff’s claim can pass screening. Plaintiff will be
24 provided an opportunity to amend.
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1 IV. AMENDING THE COMPLAINT
2 Because it is unclear which document Plaintiff intended as his first amended
3 complaint, and because both documents suffer curable deficiencies, Plaintiff will be provided
4 leave to amend to file a second amended complaint. Plaintiff is instructed that he must file a
5 single document outlining his claims for relief. Plaintiff must be sure to cure the deficiencies
6 outlined above in any amended complaint he chooses to file. In other words, Plaintiff must
7 satisfy the Rule 8 pleading standard and Plaintiff must name individual defendants who are not
8 immune under the Eleventh Amendment.
9 Additionally, Plaintiff is informed that, as a general rule, an amended complaint
10 supersedes the original complaint. See Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1262 (9th Cir. 1992).
11 Thus, following dismissal with leave to amend, all claims alleged in the original complaint which
12 are not alleged in the amended complaint are waived. See King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th
13 Cir. 1987). Therefore, if plaintiff amends the complaint, the court cannot refer to the prior
14 pleading in order to make plaintiff's amended complaint complete. See Local Rule 220. An
15 amended complaint must be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. See id.
16 If plaintiff chooses to amend the complaint, plaintiff must demonstrate how the
17 conditions complained of have resulted in a deprivation of plaintiff’s constitutional rights. See
18 Ellis v. Cassidy, 625 F.2d 227 (9th Cir. 1980). The complaint must allege in specific terms how
19 each named defendant is involved, and must set forth some affirmative link or connection
20 between each defendant’s actions and the claimed deprivation. See May v. Enomoto, 633 F.2d
21 164, 167 (9th Cir. 1980); Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978).
22 Finally, plaintiff is warned that failure to file an amended complaint within the
23 time provided in this order may be grounds for dismissal of this action. See Ferdik, 963 F.2d at
24 1260-61; see also Local Rule 110. Plaintiff is also warned that a complaint which fails to comply
25 with Rule 8 may, in the court’s discretion, be dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Rule 41(b).
26 See Nevijel v. North Coast Life Ins. Co., 651 F.2d 671, 673 (9th Cir. 1981).
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1 V. CONCLUSION
2 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
3 1. Plaintiffs complaint is dismissed with leave to amend; and
4 2. Plaintiff shall file a second amended complaint within 30 days of the date
5 | of service of this order.
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8 Dated: October 4, 2019 Ssvcqo_
? DENNIS M. COTA
10 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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