Demanding or Receiving Ransom Money

(a) Base Offense Level: 23

(b) Cross Reference (1) If the defendant was a participant in the kidnapping offense, apply §2A4.1 (Kidnapping, Abduction, Unlawful Restraint). Commentary Statutory Provisions: 18 U.S.C. §§ 876(a), 877, 1202. For additional statutory provision(s), see Appendix A (Statutory Index). Application Note: 1. A “participant” is a person who is criminally responsible for the commission of the offense, but need not have been convicted. Background: This section specifically includes conduct prohibited by 18 U.S.C. § 1202, requiring that ransom money be received, possessed, or disposed of with knowledge of its criminal origins. The actual demand for ransom under these circumstances is reflected in §2A4.1. This section additionally includes extortionate demands through the use of the United States Postal Service, behavior proscribed by 18 U.S.C. §§ 876–877. Historical Note Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 1993 (amendment 479); November 1, 2023 (amendment 824). * * * * * 5. AIR PIRACY AND OFFENSES AGAINST MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Historical Note Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 2002 (amendment 637).