Rule 902. Evidence That Is Self-Authenticating

The following items of evidence are self-authenticating; they require no extrinsic evidence of

authenticity in order to be admitted:

(1) Domestic Public Document That is Sealed and Signed. A document that bears:

(A) a seal purporting to be that of the United States; any state, district, commonwealth,

territory, or insular possession of the United States; the former Panama Canal Zone;

the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; a political subdivision of any of these

entities; or a department, agency, or officer of any entity named above; and

(B) a signature purporting to be an execution or attestation.

(2) Domestic Public Document That is Not Sealed but is Signed and Certified. A document

that bears no seal if:

(A) it bears the signature of an officer or employee of an entity named in subrule (1)(A);

and

(B) another public officer who has a seal and official duties within that same entity

certifies under seal—or its equivalent—that the signer has the official capacity and

that the signature is genuine.

(3) Foreign Public Document. A document that purports to be signed or attested by a person

who is authorized by a foreign country’s laws to do so. The document must be

accompanied by a final certification that certifies the genuineness of the signature and

official position of the signer or attester—or of any foreign official whose certificate of

effective on 1/28/2026

genuineness relates to the signature or attestation or is in a chain of certificates of

genuineness relating to the signature or attestation. The certification may be made by a

secretary of a United States embassy or legation; by a consul general, consul, vice consul,

or consular agent of the United States; or by a diplomatic or consular official of the

foreign country assigned or accredited to the United States

to the signature or attestation or is in a chain of certificates of

genuineness relating to the signature or attestation. The certification may be made by a

secretary of a United States embassy or legation; by a consul general, consul, vice consul,

or consular agent of the United States; or by a diplomatic or consular official of the

foreign country assigned or accredited to the United States. If all parties have been given

a reasonable opportunity to investigate the document’s authenticity and accuracy, the

court may, for good cause, either:

(A) order that it be treated as presumptively authentic without final certification; or

(B) allow it to be evidenced by an attested summary with or without final certification.

(4) Certified Copy of Public Record. A copy of an official record—or a copy of a document

that was recorded or filed in a public office as authorized by law—if the copy is certified

as correct by:

(A) the custodian or another person authorized to make the certification; or

(B) a certificate that complies with subrules (1), (2), or (3) or a Michigan or federal

statute.

(5) Official Publication. A book, pamphlet, or other publication purporting to be issued by a

public authority.

(6) Newspapers and Periodicals. Printed material purporting to be a newspaper or periodical.

(7) Trade Inscription and the Like. An inscription, sign, tag, or label purporting to have been

affixed in the course of business and indicating origin, ownership, or control.

(8) Acknowledged Document. A document accompanied by a certificate of acknowledgment

that is lawfully executed by a notary public or another officer who is authorized to take

acknowledgments.

(9) Commercial Paper and Related Documents. Commercial paper, a signature on it, and

related documents, to the extent allowed by general commercial law.

(10) Presumptions Under Law. A signature, document, or anything else that a Michigan or

federal statute declares to be presumptively or prima facie genuine or authentic.

ry public or another officer who is authorized to take

acknowledgments.

(9) Commercial Paper and Related Documents. Commercial paper, a signature on it, and

related documents, to the extent allowed by general commercial law.

(10) Presumptions Under Law. A signature, document, or anything else that a Michigan or

federal statute declares to be presumptively or prima facie genuine or authentic.

(11) Certified Domestic or Foreign Record of a Regularly Conducted Activity. The original

or a copy of a domestic or foreign record that meets the requirements of Rule 803(6)(A)-

(C), as shown by a certification of the custodian or another qualified person that complies

with a Michigan statute or a rule prescribed by the Supreme Court. Before the trial or

hearing, the proponent must give an adverse party reasonable written notice of the intent

to offer the record—and must make the record and certification available for inspection—

so that the party has a fair opportunity to challenge them.