Providing for the Revocation of Syria Sanctions

[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 126 (Thursday, July 3, 2025)]

[Presidential Documents]

[Pages 29395-29399]

From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

[FR Doc No: 2025-12506]

Presidential Documents

Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 126 / Thursday, July 3, 2025 /

Presidential Documents

[[Page 29395]]

Executive Order 14312 of June 30, 2025

Providing for the Revocation of Syria Sanctions

By the authority vested in me as President by the

Constitution and the laws of the United States of

America, including the International Emergency Economic

Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National

Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) (NEA), the

Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty

Restoration Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-175) (Syria

Accountability Act), the Chemical and Biological

Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991

(Public Law 102-182, title III) (CBW Act), the Caesar

Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019, as amended (22

U.S.C. 8791 note) (Caesar Act), the Illicit Captagon

Trafficking Suppression Act of 2023 (Public Law 118-50,

div. P), and section 301 of title 3, United States

Code, it is hereby ordered:

91

(Public Law 102-182, title III) (CBW Act), the Caesar

Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019, as amended (22

U.S.C. 8791 note) (Caesar Act), the Illicit Captagon

Trafficking Suppression Act of 2023 (Public Law 118-50,

div. P), and section 301 of title 3, United States

Code, it is hereby ordered:

Section 1. Background. The United States is committed

to supporting a Syria that is stable, unified, and at

peace with itself and its neighbors. A united Syria

that does not offer a safe haven for terrorist

organizations and ensures the security of its religious

and ethnic minorities will support regional security

and prosperity. The Secretary of State and the

Secretary of the Treasury have taken initial steps

towards this goal through the issuance on May 23, 2025,

of General License 25 and a waiver of sanctions under

the Caesar Act.

Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of the United States

to recognize that circumstances that gave rise to the

actions taken in the Executive Orders described in

section 3(a) of this order, related to the policies and

actions of the former regime of Bashar al-Assad, have

been transformed by developments over the past 6

months, including the positive actions taken by the new

Syrian government under President Ahmed al-Sharaa

actions taken in the Executive Orders described in

section 3(a) of this order, related to the policies and

actions of the former regime of Bashar al-Assad, have

been transformed by developments over the past 6

months, including the positive actions taken by the new

Syrian government under President Ahmed al-Sharaa. This

order supports United States national security and

foreign policy goals by directing additional actions,

including the removal of sanctions on Syria, the

issuance of waivers that permit the relaxation of

export controls and other restrictions on Syria, and

other actions to be taken by the Secretary of State,

the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of

Commerce, as well as by other executive departments and

agencies (agencies) of the United States, without

providing relief to ISIS or other terrorist

organizations, human rights abusers, those linked to

chemical weapons or proliferation-related activities,

or other persons that threaten the peace, security, or

stability of the United States, Syria, and its

neighbors.

Sec. 3. Revocation of Syria Sanctions

viding relief to ISIS or other terrorist

organizations, human rights abusers, those linked to

chemical weapons or proliferation-related activities,

or other persons that threaten the peace, security, or

stability of the United States, Syria, and its

neighbors.

Sec. 3. Revocation of Syria Sanctions. (a) Effective

July 1, 2025, I hereby terminate the national emergency

declared in Executive Order 13338 of May 11, 2004

(Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting

the Export of Certain Goods to Syria), and revoke that

order, as well as Executive Order 13399 of April 25,

2006 (Blocking Property of Additional Persons in

Connection With the National Emergency With Respect to

Syria), Executive Order 13460 of February 13, 2008

(Blocking Property of Additional Persons in Connection

With the National Emergency With Respect to Syria),

Executive Order 13572 of April 29, 2011 (Blocking

Property of Certain Persons with Respect to Human

Rights Abuses in Syria), Executive Order 13573 of May

18, 2011 (Blocking Property of Senior Officials of the

Government of Syria), and Executive Order 13582 of

August 17, 2011 (Blocking Property of the Government of

Syria and Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect

to Syria).

[[Page 29396]]

Rights Abuses in Syria), Executive Order 13573 of May

18, 2011 (Blocking Property of Senior Officials of the

Government of Syria), and Executive Order 13582 of

August 17, 2011 (Blocking Property of the Government of

Syria and Prohibiting Certain Transactions with Respect

to Syria).

[[Page 29396]]

(b) Pursuant to section 202(a) of the NEA (50

U.S.C. 1622(a)), termination of the national emergency

declared in Executive Order 13338, as modified in scope

and relied upon for additional steps taken in Executive

Order 13399, Executive Order 13460, Executive Order

13572, Executive Order 13573, and Executive Order 13582

shall not affect any action taken or pending proceeding

not finally concluded or determined as of July 1, 2025,

any action or proceeding based on any act committed

prior to July 1, 2025, or any rights or duties that

matured or penalties that were incurred prior to July

1, 2025.

Sec. 4. Accountability for the Former Regime of Bashar

al-Assad. I find that additional steps must be taken to

ensure meaningful accountability for perpetrators of

war crimes, human rights violations and abuses, and the

proliferation of narcotics trafficking networks in and

in relation to Syria during the former regime of Bashar

al-Assad and by those associated with it. Perpetrators

of such actions threaten to undermine peace, security,

and stability in the region, and thereby constitute an

unusual and extraordinary threat to the national

security and foreign policy of the United States.

elation to Syria during the former regime of Bashar

al-Assad and by those associated with it. Perpetrators

of such actions threaten to undermine peace, security,

and stability in the region, and thereby constitute an

unusual and extraordinary threat to the national

security and foreign policy of the United States.

(a) I hereby expand the scope of the national

emergency declared in Executive Order 13894 of October

14, 2019 (Blocking Property and Suspending Entry of

Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in

Syria), as amended in and relied on for additional

steps taken in Executive Order 14142 of January 15,

2025 (Taking Additional Steps With Respect to the

Situation in Syria), to deal with that threat, and

accordingly further amend Executive Order 13894 by:

(i) striking section 1(a) and inserting, in lieu thereof, the following:

``Section 1. (a) All property and interests in property

that are in the United States, that hereafter come

within the United States, or that are or hereafter come

within the possession or control of any United States

person of the following persons are blocked and may not

be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise

dealt in:

sts in property

that are in the United States, that hereafter come

within the United States, or that are or hereafter come

within the possession or control of any United States

person of the following persons are blocked and may not

be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise

dealt in:

(i) any person determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation

with the Secretary of State:

(A) to be responsible for or complicit in, or to have directly or

indirectly engaged in, or attempted to engage in, any of the following in

or in relation to Syria:

(1) actions or policies that further threaten the peace, security,

stability, or territorial integrity of Syria; or

(2) the commission of serious human rights abuse;

(B) to be a former government official of the former regime of Bashar al-

Assad or a person who acted for or on behalf of such an official;

(C) to have engaged in, or attempted to engage in, activities or

transactions that have materially contributed to, or pose a significant

risk of materially contributing to, the illicit production and

international illicit proliferation of captagon;

(D) to be responsible for or complicit in, to have directly or indirectly

engaged in, or to be responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise

directing, instances in which a United States national ((i) as defined in 8

U.S.C. 1101(a)(22) or 8 U.S.C. 1408, or (ii) a lawful permanent resident

with significant ties to the United States) went missing in Syria during

the former regime of Bashar al-Assad;

(E) to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial,

material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in

support of:

(1) the former regime of Bashar al-Assad;

(2) any activity described in subsections (a)(i)(A)-(a)(i)(D) of this

section; or

sident

with significant ties to the United States) went missing in Syria during

the former regime of Bashar al-Assad;

(E) to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial,

material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in

support of:

(1) the former regime of Bashar al-Assad;

(2) any activity described in subsections (a)(i)(A)-(a)(i)(D) of this

section; or

(3) any person whose property and interests in property are blocked

pursuant to this order;

(F) to be owned or controlled by, or to have acted or purported to act

for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, any person whose property and

interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order; or

[[Page 29397]]

(G) to be an adult family member of a person designated under subsections

(a)(i)(A)-(a)(i)(D) of this section.''; and

(ii) striking section 2(a) and inserting, in lieu thereof, the following:

``Sec. 2. (a) The Secretary of State, in consultation

with the Secretary of the Treasury and other officials

of the United States Government as appropriate, is

hereby authorized to impose on a foreign person any of

the sanctions described in subsections (b) and (c) of

this section, upon determining that the person, on or

after the date of this order:

(i) is responsible for or complicit in, has directly or indirectly engaged

in, or attempted to engage in, or financed the obstruction, disruption, or

prevention of efforts to promote a Syria that is stable, unified, and at

peace with itself and its neighbors, including:

(A) the convening and conduct of a credible and inclusive Syrian-led

constitutional process;

(B) the preparation for and conduct of supervised elections, pursuant to

the new constitution, that are free and fair and to the highest

international standards of transparency and accountability; or

o promote a Syria that is stable, unified, and at

peace with itself and its neighbors, including:

(A) the convening and conduct of a credible and inclusive Syrian-led

constitutional process;

(B) the preparation for and conduct of supervised elections, pursuant to

the new constitution, that are free and fair and to the highest

international standards of transparency and accountability; or

(C) the development of a Syrian government that is representative and

reflects the will of the Syrian people;

(ii) is an adult family member of a person designated under subsection

(a)(i) of this section; or

(iii) is responsible for or complicit in, or has directly or indirectly

engaged in, or attempted to engage in, the expropriation of property,

including real property, for personal gain or political purposes in

Syria.''

(b) I additionally amend Executive Order 13606 of

April 22, 2012 (Blocking the Property and Suspending

Entry into the United States of Certain Persons With

Respect to Grave Human Rights Abuses by the Governments

of Iran and Syria Via Information Technology), by

removing the following text from the preamble:

``Executive Order 13338 of May 11, 2004, as modified in

scope and relied upon for additional steps in

subsequent Executive Orders'' and replacing it with:

``Executive Order 13894 of October 14, 2019, and relied

upon for additional steps and further amended in

subsequent Executive Orders.''

eamble:

``Executive Order 13338 of May 11, 2004, as modified in

scope and relied upon for additional steps in

subsequent Executive Orders'' and replacing it with:

``Executive Order 13894 of October 14, 2019, and relied

upon for additional steps and further amended in

subsequent Executive Orders.''

Sec. 5. Caesar Act. The Secretary of State, in

consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall

examine whether the criteria set forth in section

7431(a) of the Caesar Act have been met, and on the

basis of that examination may, pursuant to the

Presidential Memorandum of March 31, 2020 (Delegation

of Certain Functions and Authorities Under the National

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020),

suspend in whole or in part the imposition of sanctions

otherwise required under the Caesar Act. If the

Secretary of State determines to suspend in whole or in

part the imposition of such sanctions, the Secretary of

State, in consultation with the Secretary of the

Treasury, shall provide the briefing to the appropriate

congressional committees required by section 7431(b) of

the Caesar Act within 30 days of such determination.

Further, the Secretary of State, in consultation with

the Secretary of the Treasury, shall continue to review

the situation in Syria, and if the Secretary of State,

in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury,

determines that the criteria set forth in section

7431(a) are no longer met, the Secretary of State shall

reimpose sanctions.

tion with

the Secretary of the Treasury, shall continue to review

the situation in Syria, and if the Secretary of State,

in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury,

determines that the criteria set forth in section

7431(a) are no longer met, the Secretary of State shall

reimpose sanctions.

Sec. 6. Syria Accountability Act. I hereby determine

pursuant to section 5(b) of the Syria Accountability

Act that it is in the national security interest of the

United States to waive the application of subsection

(a)(1), with respect to items on the Commerce Control

List (supp. No. 1 to 15 C.F.R. part 774) only, and

subsection (a)(2)(A) of the Syria Accountability Act

only. The Secretary of State shall submit to the

appropriate congressional committees the report

required under section 5(b) of that Act.

Sec. 7. CBW Act. (a) Pursuant to section 307(d)(1)(B)

of the CBW Act, I hereby determine and certify that

there has been a fundamental change

[[Page 29398]]

in the leadership and policies of the Government of the

Syrian Arab Republic. Accordingly, I hereby waive the

following sanctions imposed on Syria for the prior use

of chemical weapons under the former regime of Bashar

al-Assad:

and certify that

there has been a fundamental change

[[Page 29398]]

in the leadership and policies of the Government of the

Syrian Arab Republic. Accordingly, I hereby waive the

following sanctions imposed on Syria for the prior use

of chemical weapons under the former regime of Bashar

al-Assad:

(i) the restriction on foreign assistance under section 307(a)(1) of the

CBW Act;

(ii) the restriction on United States Government credit, credit guarantees,

or other financial assistance under section 307(a)(4) of the CBW Act;

(iii) the restrictions on the export of national security-sensitive goods

and technology under section 307(a)(5) of the CBW Act and on all other

goods and technology under section 307(b)(2)(C) of the CBW Act; and

(iv) the restriction on United States banks from making any loan or

providing any credit to the Government of Syria under section 307(b)(2)(B)

of the CBW Act.

(b) The Secretary of State shall transmit this

waiver determination and report as required by sections

307(d)(1)(B) and (d)(2) of the CBW Act to the

appropriate congressional committees. This waiver shall

be effective 20 days after it has been so transmitted.

Sec. 8. Counterterrorism Designations. (a) The

Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary

of the Treasury and the Attorney General, shall take

all appropriate action with respect to the designation

of al-Nusrah Front, also known as Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham

and other aliases, as a Foreign Terrorist Organization

under 8 U.S.C. 1189 and as a Specially Designated

Global Terrorist under 50 U.S.C

of the Treasury and the Attorney General, shall take

all appropriate action with respect to the designation

of al-Nusrah Front, also known as Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham

and other aliases, as a Foreign Terrorist Organization

under 8 U.S.C. 1189 and as a Specially Designated

Global Terrorist under 50 U.S.C. 1702 and Executive

Order 13224, as well as the designation of Abu Muhammad

al-Jawlani, commonly known as Ahmed al-Sharaa, as a

Specially Designated Global Terrorist.

(b) The Secretary of State shall take all

appropriate action to review the designation of Syria

as a State Sponsor of Terrorism consistent with section

1754(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for

Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232; 50 U.S.C.

4813(c)), section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act

(Public Law 90-629, as amended; 22 U.S.C. 2780), and

section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961

(Public Law 87-195, as amended; 22 U.S.C. 2371).

Sec. 9. United Nations. The Secretary of State shall

take appropriate steps to advance United States policy

objectives at the United Nations to support a Syria

that is stable and at peace and to support Syrian

efforts to counter terrorism and comply with its

responsibilities and obligations concerning weapons of

mass destruction, including chemical and biological

weapons. The Secretary of State is further directed to

explore avenues at the United Nations to provide

sanctions relief in support of these objectives.

efforts to counter terrorism and comply with its

responsibilities and obligations concerning weapons of

mass destruction, including chemical and biological

weapons. The Secretary of State is further directed to

explore avenues at the United Nations to provide

sanctions relief in support of these objectives.

Sec. 10. Implementation. The Secretary of State, the

Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of

Commerce, as appropriate, are hereby authorized to take

such actions, including adopting rules and regulations,

as may be necessary to implement this order. The

Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and

the Secretary of Commerce may, consistent with

applicable law, redelegate any of these functions

within their respective agencies. The Secretary of

State, in consultation with the Secretary of the

Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary

of Transportation, as appropriate, is authorized to

exercise the functions and authorities conferred upon

the President in section 5 of the Syria Accountability

Act and to redelegate these functions and authorities

consistent with applicable law. All agencies of the

United States shall take all appropriate measures

within their authority to implement this order,

consistent with applicable law.

Sec. 11. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order

shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

authorities

consistent with applicable law. All agencies of the

United States shall take all appropriate measures

within their authority to implement this order,

consistent with applicable law.

Sec. 11. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order

shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or

the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget

relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

[[Page 29399]]

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with

applicable law and subject to the availability of

appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not,

create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural,

enforceable at law or in equity by any party against

the United States, its departments, agencies, or

entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any

other person.

(d) The costs for publication of this order shall

be borne by the Department of State.

(Presidential Sig.)

THE WHITE HOUSE,

June 30, 2025.

[FR Doc. 2025-12506

Filed 7-2-25; 8:45 am]

Billing code 4710-10-P