Documents

Drug Pricing and Intellectual Property Law: A Legal Overview for the 116th Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 4, 2019

Medtronic, Inc., 496 U.S. 661, 670-71 (1990); Merck & Co. v. Hi-Tech Pharmacal Co., 482 F.3d 1317, 1320-21 (Fed. … Actavis, Inc., 570 U.S. 136, 159 (2013). 423 Id. at 156. 424 Id.; see also id. at 159. 425 Id. at 159; see also United States v.

Enforcement of Federal Pollution Control Laws

Congressional research report · Reports · Apr 27, 2026

Sea Clammers, 453 U.S. 1, 16 (1981). 199 TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez, 594 U.S. 413, 423 (2021). 200 Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154, 162 (1997); Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737, 750–51 (1984). … Nixon, 418 U.S. 683, 693 (1974). 370 ICC v. Bhd. of Locomotive Eng’rs, 482 U.S. 270, 283 (1987). 371 United States v.

Congress’s Power Over Appropriations: Constitutional and Statutory Provisions

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 16, 2020

Cty. of Los Angeles, 482 U.S. 304, 315 (1987) (“government action that works a taking of property rights necessarily implicates the constitutional obligation to pay just compensation” (quotation marks … (conference report discussing amendment to ICA included in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act). 428 31 U.S.C. § 1102. 429 See supra note 423 and text. 430 U.S.

How to Obtain Copies of Videotapes of Proceedings of Congress and Network and Cable Television Broadcasts

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Dec 18, 1996

U.S. … Phone 1-800-CSPAN98 1-800-277-2698 FAX: 1-317-423-4495 Another source for news programs is the Vanderbilt Television News Archive at Vanderbilt University, which began recording news programs in 1968.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH): Organization, Funding, and Congressional Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 25, 2008

Congressional Activities on NIH Reauthorization (the NIH Reform Act of 2006, P.L. 109-482). … The measure was signed by President Bush on January 15, 2007, and became P.L. 109-482.

Social Security Childhood Disability Benefits: Proposals in the 118th Congress: In Brief

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 3, 2025

These special work rules for disability beneficiaries are often referred to as 9 Social Security Act, §§202(d) and 223(d) (42 U.S.C. §§402(d) and 423(d)). 10 Social Security Act, §223(d) (42 U.S.C. §423 … See U.S.

Proposed Transaction Fee on Futures Contracts

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Apr 2, 2007

. markets: in 2005, U.S. futures volume grew by 25.4%, while non-U.S. volume rose by 6.5%. … . exchanges accounting for 1.653 billion, or 42%. 10 From $423 million in FY2002 to a requested $905 million for FY2008. 11 The Budget for Fiscal Year 2007, Appendix, p. 1119.

Senate Rules Affecting Committees

Congressional research report · Reports · May 7, 2026

classes of measures, such as provisions of the Congressional Accountability Act and the Federal Advisory Committee Act. 2 The rules adopted by each Senate committee for the 118th Congress are available in U.S … Unfunded mandates; Sections 423 and 424 of the Congressional Budget Act (P.L. 93-344), as amended An authorizing committee’s report accompanying a bill or joint resolution that contains a federal mandate

Domestic Terrorism: Overview of Federal Criminal Law and Constitutional Issues

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jul 2, 2021

United States, 552 U.S. 38, 49 (2007). 481 Id. at 46. 482 U.S. SENT’G GUIDELINES M ANUAL § 1B1.1 (U.S. SENT’G COMM’N 2018). 483 Id. … Wigoda, 419 U.S. 477, 487-88 (1975); U.S. Jaycees, 468 U.S. at 623. 576 Compare U.S.

Presidential Grave Sites: Maintenance and Congressional District Locations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 16, 2007

Route 411 Greenville, TN 37744 Tel. 423-638-3551 U.S. National Park Service TN 1st Ulysses S. … U.S. Route 24 Independence, MO 64050 Tel. 816-833-1400 U.S.

Social Security Benefits and Unauthorized Alien Workers

Congressional research report · CRS In Focus · Feb 6, 2018

[Social Security Act, §214 and §223; 42 U.S.C. §414 and §423]  If the individual has work authorization at some point, all of his or her Social Security-covered earnings (from authorized and unauthorized … Can Noncitizens in the U.S. Receive Social Security Benefit Payments If They Are Not Lawfully Present? No.

The Law of Church and State: General Principles and Current Interpretations

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jun 2, 2010

Jews for Jesus, Inc., 482 U.S. 569 (1987); Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc. v. Village of Stratton, 536 U.S. 150 (2002). 16 See Pleasant Grove City, Utah v. Summum, 172 L. … Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987). 25 See CRS Report R40195, The Law of Church and State: Public Aid to Sectarian Schools, by Cynthia Brougher.

U.S.-Taiwan Trade and Economic Relations

Congressional research report · In Focus · Mar 26, 2026

U.S. … Congress has sought to address the complexities posed by the unofficial status of U.S. relations with Taiwan as it seeks to deepen economic ties. In 2025, H.R. 33 passed the House (423-1).

The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR): Answers to Frequently Asked Questions

Congressional research report · Reports · Apr 7, 2025

Florida, 482 U.S. 423, 430 (1987) (“A law is retrospective if it ‘changes the legal consequences of acts completed before its effective date.’” (quoting Weaver v. … Franklin Steel Prods., Inc., 482 F.2d 400 (9th Cir. 1973); United States v.

The U.S. House of Representatives Apportionment Formula in Theory and Practice

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Aug 2, 2013

The U.S. … U.S.

U.S. Trade Statutes: Expiration Dates and Mandated Periodic Reports to Congress

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Oct 2, 2007

U.S. … Expires 12 years after PRC WTO Accession Agreement entered into force on Dec. 11, 2001 under P.L. 93618, Sec. 423 (2001).

First Amendment Challenges to Regulation of Social Media

Congressional research report · Reports · Aug 24, 2026

Paxton, 49 F.4th 439, 482 (5th Cir. 2022), vacated and remanded sub nom., Moody v. NetChoice, LLC, 603 U.S. 707 (2024); NetChoice, LLC v. … Paxton, 606 U.S. 461, 467, 477 (2025) (quoting TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 129B.002(a)). 133 Id. at 482. 134 Id. at 489. 135 Id. at 486–91. 136 Id. at 495. 137 Id. at 497.

Child Welfare: The Adoption Incentives Program

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Mar 8, 2004

3,916 11,698 12,434 4,388 — 32,436 Colorado 892 820 — — 496 2,208 Connecticut 88 500 384 — 547 1,519 Delaware — 28 336 112 64 540 District of Columbia — 136 346 — — 482 … Adoptions Counted Toward Special Needs Incentive Bonus State FY1998 FY1999 FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 Alabama 23 60 56 79 103 321 Alaska 80 120 181 229 148 758 Arizona 0 517 611 643 482

Farm Bill Budget and Costs: 2002 vs. 2007

Congressional research report · CRS Report · Jan 29, 2008

The farm bill also authorizes appropriations for many U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) discretionary programs. … The $16.4 billion reduction consists of about $22.7 billion in reduced commodity spending, but about $5.7 billion in increased conservation spending, and $482 million in increased export spending.

Homeland Security: Components and Management Positions in the New Department

Congressional research report · CRS Report · May 14, 2003

U.S. President (George W. … As of April 7, 2003, in the wake of the transfer of the U.S.