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Published Bi-Weekly for the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
2026 Winnebago Homecoming
Celebration Photos!
pages: 7 & 11
Volume 55, Number 15
The masthead scene for this edition of
the Winnebago Indian News spotlights the
Head Woman Shaundiin Long leading the
Swan Dance during the 160th Annual Winnebago Homecoming Celebration Powwow taken this past weekend at Veterans
Memorial Park, from Thursday, July 23,
through Sunday, July 26, 2026. Photography by Tyler Snake, WIN Circulation/
Office Manager.
Homecoming Celebration
Winners List!
pages: 9 & 10
Watajox hī wīra
Corn Popping Moon
Saturday, August 1, 2026
The Big Voice Gets Bigger – New Radio Station & App
Nį̄ šoc Nįgešąną
By Bethani Redhorn
Photography by Brian Chamberlain
During July the Winnebago Public
School has been working on installing
their brand-new football field turf!
Apart from the new design, the new
field helps prevent CTE injuries as
well as reduce maintenance work.
[Winnebago, NE] The wait for
a clear, homegrown radio signal is
officially over. On a rainy morning
just ahead of the annual homecoming
powwow eve, community members,
tribal leaders, and staff gathered to
celebrate a massive milestone for our
tribe’s communications network: the
official launch of KBVW 88.9 FM
(K-Big Voice-Winnebago) alongside
the brand-new The Big Voice mobile
app.
For years, catching KWTN 100.9
FM meant battling major static unless
you drove way out of town. “When I
first got this job, my supervisor asked
me if I turned us on in the morning,”
Radio Station Manager Quince Bass
(DJ Coach Q) shared with a laugh. “I
told him no, I don’t… because of the
static.” Now, thanks to a brand-new
tower on the hill, those static days
are history. Early test runs show the
crystal-clear 88.9 FM signal reaching a
10 to 15-mile radius, stretching as far
as Decatur, Thurston, Little Sioux, and
down by Wahoo, Nebraska.
While the broadcast feels fresh, this
project has been in the works for years.
Communications Officer Garan Coons
(DJ Garanteed) took the crowd down
memory lane, tracing the vision back
to 2016 when the late Vietnam Veteran
and Councilman Jim Snow of the
Buffalo Clan first pushed looking
160 Years of Winnebago Homecoming Celebrations
On July 2th, the Whirling Thunder
Wellness Program hosted their annual
Winnebago Homecoming PW Wilderness Walk/Run. Attendees of all ages
were able to do a 1-mile fun walk, 5K
Walk/Run, or a 7-mile challenge.
Recently, the Ho-Chunk, Inc.
Summer Interns were led by Aaron
LaPointe, the Ho-Chunk Capital CEO,
on a behind the scenes look at HoChunk Capitals mission and projects.
Winnebago is in the process of constructing a third single-lane roundabout,
located North of town. It is estimated to be
completed by Fall 2027. The roundabout is
being implemented to reduce crashes and
speed.
By Bethani Redhorn
Photography by Tyler Snake
[Winnebago, NE] From Thursday, July
23, through Sunday, July 26, 2026, the
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska hosted
its historic 160th Annual Homecoming
Celebration Powwow at Veteran’s
Memorial Park in Winnebago, Nebraska.
Known proudly as the oldest celebration
powwow in Indian Country, the four-day
event blended Winnebago traditions,
competitive dancing and singing, and
profound community gratitude.
This annual gathering is a sacred
celebration of coming home. It honors
the brave Ho-Chunk Warriors who fought
for their tribal lands, as well as those
who never returned. The deep historical
roots of the homecoming date back 160
years, established to pay respect to the
tribe’s last true war chief, Chief Little
Priest, and his courageous Company “A”
Omaha Scouts. In the mid-1860’s, faced
with immense hardships and starvation at
Crow Creek, South Dakota, Chief Little
Priest negotiated a new home on the
northern border of the Omaha Reservation
in Nebraska. He and his warriors
subsequently scouted for the U.S. Cavalry
to secure these lands. Following Chief
Little Priest’s death from battle wounds
on September 12, 1866, his brother, Chief
Greywolf, called a council to establish this
celebration in his honor. Today, that legacy
continues as a prayer for all past, present,
and active-duty Ho-Chunk military
personnel serving in the United States
Armed Forces.
The grand entries brought the arena to
life with a spectacular procession of the
Winnebago Eagle Feather Staff, tribal
flags, and dancers adorned in intricate,
full regalia. The Winnebago Drum Groups
New Breed, HayLushKa, and Hujop
served as the host drums, delivering the
essential heartbeat and the four original
Little Priest songs passed down since the
very first celebration. This year’s selected
head staff featured Head Man Dancer,
"Wamąšją kįwįąje . – Be Strong."
Con’t. on page 2...
Page 2 • Winnebago Indian News • Saturday, August 1, 2026
ANNOUNCEMENTS
...Con't from front page: The Big Voice Gets Bigger –
New Radio Station & App...
into getting a radio station. Though
the tribe held a license, they had
zero gear and zero funding. Garan
recalled calling up an elderly
worker at a native station in the
Southwest for advice back then.
Her immediate response was to
“RUN!” Once the laughter faded,
she left him with words that stuck:
“Beware what you get into because
you have a great responsibility of
carrying the stories of your tribe
for future generations.” After
sitting idle for years, the project
finally found its wings when the
pandemic task force stepped up
with the crucial launch funding
needed to keep tribal members
connected and safe.
The launch event was a true
community affair. Vice-Chairman
Eugene DeCora Sr. opened the
morning with an invocation prayer,
welcoming the rain as a muchneeded blessing for the land.
Multimedia Coordinator Kevin
Ebert introduced his longtime
friend and high school football
teammate, Winnebago Tribal
Chairman Coly Brown. Chairman
Brown took the mic to remind
everyone exactly who owns these
airwaves, “we always thought
big, and we got this accomplished
together. 100.9 FM and 88.9 FM is
for you guys, our tribal members.”
The heart of the station is its
local crew. Winnebago Indian
News Editor and Livestream
Productions Director Bethani
Redhorn (DJ Bessami) was
recognized for keeping operations
moving since day one. DJ
Garanteed shared a fun stat
showing the power of the airwaves
and how All Requests Live show
once brought in more community
votes for the top 5 songs of the
week poll than the total ballots cast
in the local Nebraska primaries!
The crew is actively mentoring
the next generation, introducing
Summer Youth Employees Ayden
Armell (DJ Jaaj) and Mimi
Coons, who help carry the station
forward and bring in the younger
generations of listeners through
shows like Baby Bison Beats and
Voices of Tomorrow.
The Big Voice network is
expanding to do much more than
play great powwow and Ho-Chunk
music. Representatives from HoChunk Renaissance, including
Project Manager Sherriel,
Outreach Coordinator MySoul,
and Language Instructor Darian,
took the mic to outline how the
platform will help preserve our
heritage. They shared a packed
calendar of upcoming events,
including ribbon shirt making,
weekly August “Sew & Learn”
sessions, Ho-Chunk Bingo, and a
“Language Baseball” tournament
in September.
To wrap up the historic mornig,
the community was treated to
an incredible live showcase of
local musical talent on the new
frequency. Winnebago Youth
Klay & Zeke stole hearts with
a round dance birthday song,
followed by an original ukulele
track performed by acoustic
guitarist Laura Lee, and a powerful
performance by the Winnebago
Public School Dual Language
Program students (composed by
Winnebago’s very own, Tyler
Free-LaMere). The Greywolf
Drum Group also rendered a
beautiful memorial song dedicated
to the late, longtime WIN Editor,
Jerome LaPointe Sr.
No matter where you travel,
you can now take the tribe’s
voice with you. Listeners are
encouraged to open up the App
Store (iPhone) or Google Play
Store (Android) on their cell
phones and search for “The Big
Voice” to download the official
app. Downloading lets you
livestream the station anywhere in
the world and gets you registered
for upcoming polls for a chance to
win door prizes and more! Tune
your dials to 88.9 FM KBVW,
download the app, and let’s keep
telling our stories, our way! For
us, by us.
...Con't from front page: 160 Years of Winnebago
Homecoming Celebrations...
Matthew Cleveland III; Head Woman
Dancer, Shondeen Long; Head Male
Dance Judge, Les Painter; Head Female
Dance Judge, Cassie Kitcheyan; Arena
Director, VJ WolfLeader; and Masters of
Ceremonies, Boye Ladd, Craig Cleveland
Jr., and Ruben Little Head Sr.
The four-day celebration showcased
several symbolic dances native to the
Winnebago culture, including the Snake
Dance, the Fish Dance, and the Swan
Dance. The Snake Dance, led by the Head
Man and Head Woman, honors the snake
for its powerful medicine. Dancer’s weave
into a tight coil to represent shedding old
skin and protecting the village, eventually
jumping over a stick to celebrate renewed
life. The Fish Dance, led by the Head
Man, pays tribute to the Big Fish People
heritage, honoring the fish as a brother and
staple food source from the Great Lakes.
The Swan Dance, led by the Head Woman,
is historically a young woman’s spring
equinox mating ritual, the modern version
invites all women to join in imitating the
elegant movements of swans.
The weekend begins with the Warriors
Kettle, a foundational element of the
weekend. True to a unique custom
established in March 1866, the traditional
meal features hog-head soup, a dish
originally designated as the official meal
of the warrior society after a historic
council with Omaha tribal leaders. The
weekend was packed with singing and
dancing, family specials, giveaways, and
competition dancing.
The weekend also celebrated the
crowning of the new Senior and Junior
Miss Nebraska Winnebago. Outgoing
Royalty Dianna Funmaker and Dalise
Blackfish completed their reigns by
hosting special dance contests and
community giveaways and crowning of
the new royalty. On Saturday evening,
following rigorous traditional interviews
regarding clan knowledge and cultural
skills, the 2027 Princesses were officially
crowned as Senior Miss Nebraska
Winnebago, Zailey Grant, and Junior Miss
Nebraska Winnebago, Wakiya Dolezal.
As colors were retired on Sundaevening
and the final travel song echoed from
the arena, the 160th Annual Winnebago
Homecoming Celebration Powwow
officially concluded until next year. In
case you were unaware, you can visit the
Big Voice YouTube channel at anytime to
replay the 4-day celebration! Visit: www.
youtube.com/@kwtnthebigvoice1009
Saturday, August 1, 2026 • Winnebago Indian News • Page 3
Wāgax hųk ra wāgax hokik’ųna
Letter to the Editor
JESUS OUR SAVIOR
LUTHERAN OUTREACH
LEGAL NOTICE
Notice of Hearing
Case No. JFJ22-011/24-011/25-011AB
The People of the Winnebago Tribe In the
Interest of:
G.H. (Born 6/2009)
L.W. (Born 1/2024)
R.M. (1/2014)
S.M. (4/2016)
Agnes Horton, Mother
To:
Winnebago Indian
is owned and
published by the
Agnes Horton, Mother
NOTICE – HELP WANTED
Winnebago Tribe of
Thurston County Clerk’s Office
is seeking applications for a
full-time office clerk.
Please contact the clerk’s office at
402-385-2343 for more information or
for an application.
Nebraska”.
LEGAL NOTICE
LEGAL NOTICE
Notice of Hearing
Case No. CV26-107
In the Matter of the
Divorce Petition of:
LILLIAN NUNEZ
vs
MIGUEL NUNEZ
Notice of Hearing
Case No. CV26-133
In the Matter of the
Guardianship Petition of:
Lilly Kearnes
In Re:
L.S (Born 05/2013)
F.H.S. (Born 04/2012)
To:
DAVID SNOW, Father
You are hereby notified that a petition has
been filed for Guardianship and a hearing
concerning the above-referred Individual(s) in
Case No. CV26-133 has been scheduled and
will be heard in the Winnebago Tribal Court of
Winnebago, Nebraska on the 10TH day of AUG
2026 at the hour of 10:30 A.M.
POSITION OPEN UNTIL FILLED
Applications may be found on Thurston
County website- www.thurstoncountyne.gov
employment tab. Or in Clerk’s Office.
Choose non-driver application.
MIGUEL NUNEZ
You are hereby notified that a Divorce petition
has been filed and a hearing concerning the
above referred Case No. CV26-107 has been
scheduled and will be heard in the Winnebago
Tribal Court of Winnebago, Nebraska on the
10TH day of AUGUST, 2026 at the hour of
11:30 A.M.
Equal Opportunity Employer, preference to Veterans.
The next issue of the WINNEBAGO INDIAN NEWS will be published on August 15, 2026.
——————————————————
Some of these movies are based on
books, or fairy tales. Many of these came
to life in the days of Walt Disney. When
you wish upon a star Makes no difference who you are Anything your heart
desires Will come to you If your heart is
in your dream No request is too extreme
When you wish upon a star As dreamers
do. Like a bolt out of the blue Fate steps
in and sees you through When you wish
upon a star Your dreams come true.
Such tales, tall tales are truly myths that
leads one away from reality. Such manmade visions ultimately leads one away
from the truth and thereby from Creator
God.
“They think the dreams they tell one
another will make my people forget my
name, just as their fathers forgot my name
through Baal worship. Let the prophet
who has a dream tell his dream, but let the
one who has my word speak it faithfully.
For what has straw to do with grain?” declares the Lord. “Is not my word like fire,”
declares the Lord, “and like a hammer that
breaks a rock in pieces? [Jeremiah 23:2729 (NIV84)].
The third possible answer: is to compare what the so-called prophet of God,
or priest or priest, pastor, or road man is
saying with the Word of God.
Does his words contain such words,
such teachings that are like a fire that
convicts one of his sinful nature? Does his
words contain such teaching that are like
a hammer that blasts away one’s pride and
arrogance and self-centeredness?
The words from our text today hammers
home the need for a prophet, priest, pastor
or road man to warn the hearer that God is
a just God who punishes evil doers. Such
words of a prophet, priest, pastor or road
man speaks the truth in love in order to
reveal one’s need for a Savior! And then
encourages the hearer to seek Creator
God’s mercy!
I close with these words that place
everlasting blessings on those who
take God’s Sacred Word to heart. Peter
wrote:“All men are like grass, and all
their glory is like the flowers of the
field; the grass withers and the flowers
fall, but the word of the Lord stands
forever.”And this is the word that was
preached to you. [1 Peter 1:24–25
(NIV84)]
News
You are hereby notified that a hearing for an
Permanency Hearing concerning the above
referred minor individual(s) in case no. JFJ22011/24-011/25-011AB has been scheduled
and will be heard in the Winnebago Tribal
Court of Winnebago, Nebraska on the 16th
day of September, 2026 at the hour of 11:30
A.M.
TO:
‘The Sacred Word of Mauna endures forever’
Jeremiah wrote: ‘This is what the
Lord Almighty says: “Do not listen to
what the prophets are prophesying to
you; they fill you with false hopes. They
speak visions from their own minds, not
from the mouth of the Lord. They keep
saying to those who despise me, ‘The
Lord says: You will have peace.’ And to
all who follow the stubbornness of their
hearts they say, ‘No harm will come to
you.’ [Jeremiah 23:16-17 (NIV84)].
Now my question to you is this: How
can one know whether the word of a
pastor, priest, road man, or other spiritual leader is truly from God?
The first possible answer to these
questions could be: when someone tells
you what you want to hear. In other
words, he tells you something that
sounds good to the ears that is from
God!
The apostle Paul wrote to a young
pastor by the name of Timothy in his
second letter: ‘For the time will come
when men will not put up with sound
doctrine. Instead, to suit their own
desires, they will gather around them
a great number of teachers to say what
their itching ears want to hear. They will
turn their ears away from the truth and
turn aside to myths’ [2nd Timothy 4:3–4
(NIV84)],
In the end, such a spiritual leader is
not speaking the truth and thereby the
hearer who believes his words is being
deceived.
The second possible answer is found
in someone telling you that he or she
had a vision. That spiritual leader goes
on to say since their vision was so vivid
- so real - that it had to be from God!
The question regarding such visions or
dreams is where does it point to?
Is it leading people to trust in Creator
God or is it leading people to trust in
something that leads one in the opposite
direction?
“I have heard what the prophets say
who prophesy lies in my name. They
say, ‘I had a dream! I had a dream!’ How
long will this continue in the hearts of
these lying prophets, who prophesy the
delusions of their own minds?” [Jeremiah 23:25-26 (NIV84)].
By: Pastor Ricky Jacob
The Mission of the WIN is to inform and to educate
the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska of issues that
affect them, and to be a vehicle in which stresses
positive and beneficial concerns and points of view.
LETTER POLICY: Signed editorials, letters and
articles appearing in the WIN are the responsibility
of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
opinion or attitude of the Winnebago Indian News
or the Winnebage Tribal Council.
The WIN encourages the submission of Letters to
the Editor; however, letters must be signed and
addressed. Letters may be edited for language
and length.
Postmaster Send Address Changes To
Winnebago Indian News
P.O. Box 687
Winnebago, Nebraska 68071
——————————————————
The Winnebago Indian News (WIN), founded ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The reproduction of
in January 1972, is published bi-weekly for the editorial or photography content without permission
is prohibited.
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska.
DEADLINE for this issue will be August 11, 2026.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Please send change of Advertising/News Deadline
address with old mailing label to:
12:00 Noon Monday Printing Week
Winnebago Tribal Council
Coly Brown.............................. Chairman
Periodicals Postage Paid
Eugene DeCora............... Vice Chairman
(Issn 1060-3026) At Winnebago, NE
Teresa Littlegeorge.................. Secretary
Rona Stealer........................... Treasurer
Winnebago
Indian
News
Staff
winnebagoindiannews@winnebagotribe.com
Phone: 402-878-2272
Bethani Redhorn.....................................Editor Victoria Kitcheyan...................... Member
Tyler Snake............................. Office Manager Ireta Frazier................................Member
“Official Newspaper of
Christina Parker...................Desktop Publisher Trey Blackhawk..........................Member
the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska”
Keely Purscell.............................Member
Yearly Subscription Rates
Nebraska Residents....................................$25.00 WTN Communications
Margaret Scott............................Member
Winnebago Indian News
P.O. Box 687
Winnebago, NE 68071
or contact us at our e-mail address:
Out-Of-State................................................$35.00
Overseas.....................................................$50.00
Advertising Rate
Per Column Inch............................................$7.00
Garan Coons.............................Comm. Officer
Gayla Whitewater..........Comm. Office Manger
Christina Parker.............................Web Master
Kevin Ebert..................Multimedia Coordinator
Page 4 • Winnebago Indian News • Saturday, August 1, 2026
TRIBAL COUNCIL MINUTES
Motion carried.
Boys & Girls Club Business Lease
Ireta Frazier motioned to adopt resolution #26-153: to Approve Business Lease
for WTN BGC QALICB, INC. Margaret
Scott seconded the motion.
VOTE: (5) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
[Teresa in at 10:45 a.m.]
BROADBAND FIBER PROJECT:
Presented by Danelle Smith and Joy
Johnson.
HCIREC Flatwater Easement
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to adopt
resolution #26-154: Approve the Fiber-Optic Telecommunications Easement with
HCI Real Estate Company and the Related
Subordination of Deed of Trust in Support of the Winnebago Tribe Broadband
Connectivity Project. Trey Blackhawk
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
South Sioux City Easement
Teresa Littlegeorge motioned to adopt
resolution #26-155: Approval of Fiber-Optic Telecommunications Easement Agreement Between the City of South Sioux
City, Nebraska and Winnebago Tribe of
Nebraska in Support of the Tribe’s Broadband Connectivity Project. Margaret Scott
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
WCHS – IHS LAND TITLE TRANSFER REQUEST RESOLUTION
Presented by Danelle Smith and Daivid
Edwards.
IHS Land Title Transfer Request Resolution
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to
adopt resolution #26-156: Request to the
Indian Health Service to Transfer Title to
Approximately 2.88 Acres of federal Fee
Land. Victoria Kitcheyan seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to
authorize General Counsel to compose
a letter from the Chairman and send to
Mr. Amiotte requesting a follow-up on
the Tribes request of DDU building. Ireta
Frazier seconded the motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
BREAK: 11:17 a.m., reconvene at 11:41
a.m.
WINNEBAGO HOUSING & DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION:
Update on the Thunderway Units.
HAVW transfer to WHDC of Deeds,
needing to prepare updated deeds for
signature.
-30+ units to be prepared
TRIBAL CONSTITUTIONAL
AMENDMENT – SECRETARIAL ELECTION
Update regarding Secretarial Election
[Teresa out at 12:16 p.m., in at 12:20
p.m.]
FEDERAL TRIBAL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM FUNDING
Update regarding the census and not reflecting the need and providing additional
information to justify the need.
STATE ADVOCACY
No further updates, Legislature is out of
session.
Joey Ruane Adler is preparing for the
2026 Legislative Golf Outing.
They will be assisting with the Tribe’s
bus tour in September.
Recommendation – focus on funding for
dual credit students
FEDERAL ADVOCACY
CONGRESSIONAL UPDATES
New Market Tax Credit Hill Briefing
[Victoria out at 12:55 p.m.]
Winnebago Land Transfer Act Celebration
House Interior Appropriations Bill
Advances
[Victoria in at 1:05 p.m.]
ADMINISTRATIVE UPDATES
CFTC Proposed Rulemaking on Prediction Markets
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to
submit a letter of comments regarding the
CFTC Proposed Rulemaking on Prediction
Markets. Margaret Scott seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
MARK CRUZ NOMINATED TO
SERVE AS IHS DIRECTOR
The IHS Director position has been
vacant since January 2025, the nomination
will be referred to the Senate Committee
on Indian Affairs, and he must be confirmed by the Senate.
BILLY KIRKLAND APPOINTED TO
NIGC
Associate Commissioner, three-year
term.
SUSPEND THE RULES:
Teresa Littlegeorge motioned to suspend
the Rules to add an item to the Executive
Session item F. Human Services. Keely
Bassette-Purscell seconded the motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
EXECUTIVE SESSION:
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to enter
executive session at 1:33 p.m. Teresa
Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
[Keely out at 3:16 p.m.]
[Trey out at 3:39 p.m.]
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to exit
executive session at 4:15 p.m. Margaret
Scott seconded the motion.
VOTE: (4) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
ADJOURN:
Ireta Frazier motioned to adjourn the
meeting at 4:15 pm. Teresa Littlegeorge
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (4) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
Chairman Brown adjourned the meeting
at 4:15 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Teresa Littlegeorge, Secretary
Winnebago Tribal Council
WINNEBAGO TRIBE OF NEBRASKA
PHYSICAL RESOURCES REPORT
MEETING
July 13, 2026
TRIBAL COUNCIL PRESENT:
Coly Brown
Eugene DeCora
Teresa Littlegeorge
Rona Stealer
Ireta Frazier
Victoria Kitcheyan
Trey Blackhawk
Keely Bassette-Purscell (in at 9:34 a.m.)
Margaret Scott
OTHERS PRESENT:
Autumn Nieman
Fannie LaTray
Christina Parker
Lilly Snow
Jarold McWilliams
Anna Berridge (v)
Kellie Snow (v)
Kiana Lewis (v)
Janelle DeCora (v)
Julie Smithart
Bradley Redhorn
Marcel Picotte
Madisyn Redhorn
Sharon Redhorn
James Price
Natalie Davis
Kenneth LaPointe
Caden Cleveland
Darla LaPointe (v)
Tyresha Romero (v)
Jeremiah Nieman
Willy Bass (v)
Dulcie Paiva (v)
Kristine Earth (v)
*(v) indicates virtual attendance.
CALL TO ORDER: Chairman Brown
called to order at 9:03 a.m.
OPENING PRAYER: Councilwoman
Scott offered the opening prayer.
APPROVE AGENDA:
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to approve
the agenda with addition. Teresa Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE:
(7) yes (0) no (0)
abstain Motion carried.
LAND MANAGEMENT: Presented
by Fannie LaTray.
Business Resolution: WCHS LOW
Eugene DeCora motioned to adopt
resolution #26-164: REF: Business Lease,
Winnebago Comprehensive Healthcare
System – Land of Wellness. Trey Blackhawk seconded the motion.
VOTE:
(7) yes (0) no (0)
abstain Motion carried.
PHYSICAL RESOURCE REPORT:
Monthly Report – Presented by Autumn
Nieman and Brian Chamberlain.
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to approve
the June 2026 Physical Resources Monthly Report. Rona Stealer seconded the
motion.
VOTE:
(7) yes (0) no (0)
abstain Motion carried.
Insurance Claims
Still waiting for payments, and repairs.
IDC Rate - Needs to be approved.
[Keely in at 9:34 a.m.]
Security New Position
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to approve
the new security position: Lead Tribal
Security Officer. Ireta Frazier seconded
the motion.
VOTE:
(7) yes (0) no (0)
abstain Motion carried.
EPD – restrictions on the EPD grant
moneys, regarding Data Center efforts.
EXECUTIVE SESSION:
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to enter
executive session at 9:35 a.m. Teresa
Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE:
(8)
(0) no (0)
abstain Motion carried.
[Keely physically present at 10:10 a.m.]
[Coly out at 10:55 a.m., Eugene assumes the chair]
[Coly in at 11:05 a.m., reassumes the
chair]
[Teresa out at 11:05 a.m., in at 11:08
a.m.]
[Eugene out at 11:08 a.m., in at 11:10
a.m.]
Eugene DeCora motioned to exit executive session at 11:34 a.m. Teresa Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE:
(8) yes (0) no (0)
abstain Motion carried.
Further discussion regarding communication regarding services to Tribal Members, when Tribal members come through
the Tribal Council.
ADJOURN:
Eugene DeCora motioned to adjourn the
meeting at 11:51 a.m. Teresa Littlegeorge
seconded the motion.
VOTE:
(8) yes (0) no (0)
abstain Motion carried.
Chairman Brown adjourned the meeting
at 11:51 a.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Teresa Littlegeorge, Secretary
Winnebago Tribal Council
WINNEBAGO TRIBE OF NEBRASKA
REGULAR TRIBAL COUNCIL
MEETING
July 13, 2026
TRIBAL COUNCIL PRESENT:
Coly Brown
Eugene DeCora
Teresa Littlegeorge
Rona Stealer
Trey Blackhawk
Victoria Kitcheyan (v)
Keely Bassette-Purscell (in at 1:09 p.m.)
Margaret Scott (in at 1:09 p.m.)
Ireta Frazier (in at 1:55 p.m.)
OTHERS PRESENT:
Chad Smith (v)
Ricky Suarez (v)
Kiana Lewis (v)
Jarold Mc Williams (v)
Kellie Snow (v)
Anna Bess Preston (v)
Willy Bass
Terri Lee Medina
Charli Earth
Prince Payer
Nazalia Suniga
Caden Cleveland
Wallace Earth, Jr.
Randall Nunez
Junius Snowball
Zayne Bassette
Eligeo Nava
Melaki George
Alex George
Isaiah Snyder
Desia Kitcheyan
Tyler LaMere
Sae Doxey
Martin Ojeda
Caden Cleveland
Babara Pretends Eagle (v)
CALL TO ORDER: Chairman Brown
called to order at 1:07 p.m.
OPENING PRAYER: Eugene DeCora
offered the opening prayer.
[Keely and Margaret in at 1:09 p.m.]
APPROVE AGENDA:
New Business #2. Taylor Policy Group
will be moved to the Mid-Monthly meeting.
Rona Stealer motioned to approve the
agenda with change. Teresa Littlegeorge
seconded the motion.
VOTE:
(7) yes (0) no (0)
abstain Motion carried.
READING OF THE MINUTES:
June 12, 2026 – Oath of Office for the
Winnebago Tribal Council Special Election meeting minutes
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve
the June 12, 2026, Oath of Office for the
Winnebago Tribal Council Special Election meeting minutes. Trey Blackhawk
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
June 15, 2026 – Mid-Monthly Tribal
Council meeting minutes.
Trey Blackhawk motioned to approve
the June 15, 2026, Mid-Monthly Tribal
Council meeting minutes. Rona Stealer
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
June 17, 2026 – General Council meeting minutes
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve the
June, 17, 2026 General Council meeting
minutes. Margaret Scott seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
June 24, 2026 – CEO Report meeting
minutes
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve
June 24, 2026, CEO Report meeting
minutes. Trey Blackhawk seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
June 26, 2026 – Treasurer’s Report
meeting minutes
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to
approve June 26, 2026, Treasurer’s Report
meeting minutes. Rona Stealer seconded
the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
June 29, 2026 – Law Enforcement/Fire
Department/BIA Report meeting minutes
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to
approve June 29, 2026, Law Enforcement/
Fire Department/BIA Report meeting
minutes. Eugene DeCora seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
June 30, 2026 – WHDC Quarterly Update Report meeting minutes
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to
approve June 29, 2026, WHDC Quarterly
Update Report meeting minutes. Margaret
Scott seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
RATIFY FIVE SIGNATURES:
Approval of financial assistance for J.W.
and S.P. electric bill
Teresa Littlegeorge motioned to ratify
the five-signature approving of financial
assistance for J.W. and S.P. electric bill.
Eugene DeCora seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
NITC, July 10, 2026, Ohiya Casino, Niobrara, NE and WarHorse Omaha, Invite,
July 12, 2026.
Teresa Littlegeorge motioned to ratify
the five-signature approving travel for
Tribal Council to attend NITC, July 10,
2026, Ohiya Casino, Niobrara, NE and
WarHorse Omaha, Invite, July 12, 2026.
Keely Bassette-Purscell seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
Rona Stealer motioned to make the
NITC (Nebraska Inter Tribal Coalition)
meetings a quarterly standing meeting
of the Tribal Council and approve travel
for Tribal Council members to attend all
future meetings. Teresa Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
Adopting resolution #26-160: FY2027
Winnebago Tribe FDPIR Nutrition Education
Rona Stealer motioned to ratify the
five-signature Adopting resolution #26160: FY2027 Winnebago Tribe FDPIR
Nutrition Education. Eugene DeCora
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
Adopting resolution #26-161: BIA Probate Backlog Agreement
Teresa Littlegeorge motioned to ratify
the five-signature adopting resolution
#26-161: BIA Probate Backlog Agreement. Keely Bassette-Purscell seconded
the motion.
Discussion: Keely had questions regarding the amount of the agreement.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
STAC nomination approval
Teresa Littlegeorge motioned to ratify
the five-signature approval of Victoria
Kitcheyan nomination for STAC. Eugene
DeCora seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
Approval to honor G.E. with $500 Food
benefit from Wake & Burial for her late
husband.
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to ratify
the five-signature approval to honor G.E.
with $500 Food benefit from Wake &
Burial for her late husband. Teresa Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE:
(7) yes (0) no (0)
Con’t. in next issue....
Saturday, August 1, 2026 • Winnebago Indian News • Page 5
TRIBAL COUNCIL MINUTES
abstain Motion carried.
Approval to donate a blanket and flowers to the LaMere family and honoring a
$500 food benefit from Wake & Burial.
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to ratify the five-signature approval to donate a
blanket and flowers to the LaMere family,
and honoring a $500 food benefit from
Wake & Burial. Eugene DeCora seconded
the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
Approving $400.00 to be made out to
J.B. to attend NABI Tournament in Pheonix, AZ 7/14-7/18/26 from Tribal Council
donations line item.
Eugene DeCora motioned to ratify the
five-signature approving $400.00 to be
made out to J.B. to attend NABI Tournament in Pheonix, AZ 7/14-7/18/26 from
Tribal Council donations line item. Teresa
Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
NEW BUSINESS:
HCI Community Impact & Engagement
– Introduction of Interns and Summer
youth workers.
[Victoria in-person at 1:39 p.m.]
Introductions
Wednesday, July 29, 2026 they will be
presenting their final projects, an invite
will be sent to the Tribal Council.
TRIBAL COUNCIL ITEMS:
Request for Referral – A.S. – Travel
Assistance request
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to approve
the request from A.S. for travel assistance
for $1,965.70 payable from Tribal Council
Donations line item. Rona Stealer seconded the motion.
OBJECT: Rona Stealer
VOTE: (6) yes (1) no, RS
(0)
abstain Motion carried.
Travel –
Joint RTCAC meeting, July 21-23,
2026, Green Bay, WI
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to approve
the travel for Councilman Blackhawk to
attend the Joint RTCAC meeting, July 2123, 2026, in Green Bay, WI (reimbursable
travel). Teresa Littlegeorge seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no (1) abstain,
TBH
Motion carried.
[Ireta in at 1:54 p.m.]
Travois Annual Conference, September
21-23, 2026, San Francisco, CA
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve
travel for Tribal Council to attend the
Travois Annual Conference, September
21-23, 2026, San Francisco, CA. Keely
Bassette-Purscell seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
NAFOA 2026 Fall Finance & Tribal
Economics, September 21-22, 2026, Santa
Fe, NM
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to
approve the travel for Tribal Council to
attend the NAFOA 2026 Fall Finance &
Tribal Economics Conference, September 21-22, 2025, Santa Fe, NM. Teresa
Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
HUD National Tribal Housing Summit,
September 1-3, 2026, Arlington, VA
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to
approve the travel for Tribal Council to
attend the HUD National Tribal Housing
Summit, September 1-3, 2026, Arlington,
VA. Rona Stealer seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
ADJOURN:
Rona Stealer motioned to adjourn the
meeting at 2:07 p.m. Teresa Littlegeorge
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no (0) abstain
Motion carried.
Chairman Brown adjourned the meeting
at 2:07 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Teresa Littlegeorge, Secretary
Winnebago Tribal Council
WINNEBAGO TRIBE OF NEBRASKA
GENERAL COUNSEL MEETING MINUTES
July 14, 2026
TRIBAL COUNCIL PRESENT:
Coly Brown
Eugene DeCora
Teresa Littlegeorge
Rona Stealer
Trey Blackhawk
Keely Bassette-Purscell
Victoria Kitcheyan
Maragret Scott
Ireta Frazier
OTHERS PRESENT:
Danelle Smith
Brandon Stout
Joy Johnson
Michael Bland (v)
Chad Smith (v)
Sarah Herring (v)
Danielle Lazore-Thompson (v)
Tyler Smith (v)
Tyresha Romero (v)
Kiana Lewis (v)
Jarold McWilliams (v)
Ramona Sheridan (v)
Christina Parker
Darla LaPointe (v)
Anna Bess Preston (v)
Kristin Lowry (v)
Tyler LaMere (v)
Anthony Earth
Joey Adler Ruane (v)
Hugh Bigfire
David Russell (v)
Tom Teesdale
Carrie Stapelkamp (v)
Josh Pitre (v)
Anthony Snake
Aric Armell
Anthony Bassette
Mike Walker
Jaymee Starr
John Blackhawk
*(v) indicates virtual attendance
CALL TO ORDER: Chairman Brown
called to order at 9:07 a.m.
OPENING PRAYER: Danelle Smith offered the opening prayer.
APPROVE AGENDA:
Trey Blackhawk motioned to approve the
agenda with additions. Teresa Littlegeorge
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
BOYS & GIRLS CLUB NMTC TRANSACTION: Michael Bland – regarding NMTC
funding updates.
BROADBAND FIBER PROJECT:
[Trey out at 10:01 a.m., in at 10:04 a.m.]
[Ireta out at 10:16 a.m.]
ACTION: WGDC to WTN Easement
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to adopt
resolution #26-165: Approval of the Fiber-Optic Telecommunications Easement with
Winnebago Gaming Development Corporation
in Support of the Winnebago Tribe Broadband
Connectivity Project. Eugene DeCora seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
[Ireta in at 10:18 a.m.]
ACTION: Letter to BIA for Fiber Project
Reimbursement
Teresa Littlegeorge motioned to table the
letter to BIA for Fiber Project Reimbursement
until the Mid-Monthly meeting. Eugene DeCora seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
811 Trouble Tickets
LAW ENFORCMENT:
[Teresa out at 10:32 a.m., in at 10:39 a.m.]
ACTION: Special Orders Policy
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve the
Special Orders Policy with additional language
added regarding Notification to the PSC: ASAP
not more than 24 hours. Keely Bassette-Purscell seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
ACTION: Commendations and Awards
Policy
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to approve
the Commendations and Awards Policy. Victoria Kitcheyan seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
ACTION: Handcuffing and Restraints Policy
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve the
Handcuffing and Restraints Policy. Ireta Frazier seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
[Victoria out at 10:46 a.m.]
ACTION: Traffic Accidents Policy
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to approve
the Traffic Accidents Policy. Margaret Scott
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
ACTION: Public Alerts Policy
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve Public
Alerts Policy. Teresa Littlegeorge seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
BREAK: 11:02 a.m., reconvene at 11:14 a.m.
[Victoria in at 11:03 a.m.]
TRIBAL COURT:
ACTION: Tribal Court Presenting Officer
Contract Renewal
Victoria Kitcheyan motioned to adopt
resolution #26-166: Approving Independent
Contractor Agreement for Legal Services for
Julie Greenamyre, Presenting Officer. Teresa
Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
HCI RESOLUTION:
Eugene DeCora motioned to adopt resolution #26-167: To Exclude and Exempt Parent
Organization from Facility Security Clearance
Requirements in connection with the SBA 8(a)
Business Development Program. Keely Bas-
sette-Purscell seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
WINNEBAGO HOUSING & DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION:
Discussion regarding a land survey
HAVW Warranty Deeds; update
[Rona out at 11:36 a.m.]
STATE ADVOCACY: Presented by Joey
Adler Ruane.
LPTC – Dual enrollment credit, funding
availability. LPTC does not receive Federal
funding for students that attend, and there
seems to be a misunderstanding regarding the
bill.
September 10, 2026 – Will move forward
with a Legislative Bus tour of the Reservation,
same as last year.
WCHS Foundation event invite to be sent
out.
Discussion regarding more participation/
presence in Lincoln.
[Teresa out at 12:18 p.m., in at 12:22 p.m.]
TRIBAL CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT – SECRETARIAL ELECTION:
Videos have been put out regarding “How
to…” for promotions.
Discussion regarding how to get more members to fill out their registration forms.
BREAK: 12:45 p.m., reconvened at 1:02
p.m.
Tribal Gaming (request 1:00 p.m.)
Eugene DeCora motioned to enter executive
session at 1:02 p.m. Ireta Frazier seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
Eugene DeCora motioned to exit executive
session at 1:33 p.m. Teresa Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
FEDERAL TRIBAL TRANSPORTATION
PROGRAM FUNDING:
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to authorize the Chairman to send a letter to BIA to
request data regarding TTP funding formula
and request a response date of 30 days. Eugene
DeCora seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
FEDERAL ADOCACY: Presented by Josh
Pitre.
CONGRESSIONAL UPDATES:
Winnebago Land Transfer Act Celebration
[Eugene out at 1:51 p.m., in at 1:53 p.m.]
[Teresa out at 1:53 p.m., in at 1:57 p.m.]
Carlisle Repatriation Advocacy
Farm Bill
IHS Director Nomination
[Coly out at 2:18 p.m., Eugene assumes the
chair]
[Coly in at 2:20 p.m., reassumes the chair]
ADMINISTRATIVE UPDATES
Office of Management and Budget Proposed
Rule
DOI Secretary’s Tribal Advisory Committee
HUD Award
[Teresa out at 2:38 p.m., in at 2:43 p.m.]
[Rona in virtually at 2:40 p.m.]
Eugene DeCora motioned to submit comments in response to DOJ Government to Government consultation on its plan to consolidate
the Office of Community Oriented Policing
Services, the
Office of Justice Programs, and the Office
on Violence Against Women into a single
grantmaking
component named the Bureau of Justice
Grants. Victoria Kitcheyan seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
BREAK: 2:52 p.m., reconvened at 3:04 p.m.
[Victoria out]
EXECUTIVE SESSION:
Eugene DeCora motioned to enter executive
session at 3:04 p.m. Trey Blackhawk seconded
the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
[Victoria in at 3:05 p.m.] [Rona out at 3:05
p.m.]
[Teresa out at 4:31 p.m., Ireta assumes
recording responsibility]
[Coly out at 4:51 p.m., Eugene assumes the
chair]
[Coly in at 4:53 p.m., reassumes the chair]
[Rona in at 4:54 p.m.]
Eugene DeCora motioned to exit executive
session at 5:11 p.m. Trey Blackhawk seconded
the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
Ireta Frazier motioned to send a letter of
acknowledgement to L.D. regarding her letter.
Victoria Kitcheyan seconded the motion.
VOTE: (6) yes (0) no
(1) abstain, KP
Motion carried.
ADJOURN:
Eugene DeCora motioned to adjourn the
meeting at 5:13 p.m. Keely Bassette-Purscell
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
Chairman Brown adjourned the meeting at
5:13 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Teresa Littlegeorge, Secretary
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
CONCUR:
Ireta Frazier, Tribal Council Member
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
WINNEBAGO TRIBE OF NEBRASKA
CEO REPORT MEETING
July 15, 2026
TRIBAL COUNCIL PRESENT:
Coly Brown
Eugene DeCora
Teresa Littlegeorge
Rona Stealer (v)
Ireta Frazier
Keely Bassette-Purscell
Trey Blackhawk
Victoria Kitcheyan (v)
Margaret Scott
OTHERS PRESENT:
Darla LaPointe
Tiffany Buchanan
Christina Parker
Tyresha Romero (v)
Chad Smith (v)
Ramona Sheridan (v)
Jarold McWilliams (v)
Kiana Lewis (v)
Anna Berridge (v)
Terri Lee Medina (v)
Autumn Nieman
Anthony Bassette (v)
Sharon Chamberlain
Maggie Miller (v)
William Bass (v)
Blade Smith (v)
Ricky Suarez (v)
Janelle DeCora (v)
Joi Long (v)
John Jensen (v)
Jeff Berridge
Kristine Earth
S. Snake (v)
*(v) indicates virtual attendance
CALL TO ORDER: Chairman Brown
called to order at 9:05 a.m.
OPENING PRAYER: CAO, Tiffany Buchanan, offered the opening prayer.
APPROVE AGENDA:
Teresa Littlegeorge motioned to approve the
agenda with addition. Keely Bassette-Purscell
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
ADMINISTRATION:
CEO JUNE REPORT – Presented by Darla
LaPointe.
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve the
June CEO Report as presented. Teresa Littlegeorge seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
BREAK: 10:35 a.m., reconvene at 10:52
a.m.
CAO JUNE REPORT – Presented by Tiffany
Buchanan.
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve the
June CAO Report as presented. Keely Bassette-Purscell seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
In-House Legal June Report – Presented by
Chad Smith.
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to accept
the June In-House Legal Report. Ireta Frazier
seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
APPROVAL:
Approve Boards and Committee Updated
Policy
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to approve
the Boards and Committee Updated Policy
as presented. Margaret Scott seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
ENROLLMENT:
Resolution: Tribal Enrollment Applicants
Keely Bassette-Purscell motioned to adopt
resolution #26-168: Tribal Enrollment Applicants [A4838, A4839, A4863, A4890, A4895,
A4904, A4906, A4907, A4911, A4915, A4918,
A4919, A4920]. Teresa Littlegeorge seconded
the motion.
VOTE: (7) yes (0) no
(1) abstain, TBH
Motion carried.
PHYSICAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT:
Tribal Transit Policy
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve the
amended Tribal Transit Policy. Keely Bassette-Purscell seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
POW-WOW BUDGET:
Forgot to put the shirts in the budget. HCI
did donate the shirt money last year.
Eugene DeCora motioned to approve up to
$5,510.00 for the T-shirts to come out of the
Tribal Council budget for the Homecoming
Celebration. Trey Blackhawk seconded the
motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
ADJOURN:
Eugene DeCora motioned to adjourn the
meeting at 11:28 a.m. Trey Blackhawk seconded the motion.
VOTE: (8) yes (0) no
(0) abstain
Motion carried.
Chairman Brown adjourned the meeting at
11:28 a.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Teresa Littlegeorge, Secretary
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
Page 6 • Winnebago Indian News • Saturday, August 1, 2026
Question of the Issue:
KEVIN: Back in the day I use to tie shawls for my Grandma to make money to go to
powwow and eat. Shazz love them NDN Burgers
“They say a picture is worth a thousand words. For this question
of the issue, submit a picture and give us a caption that relates to
Winnebago Homecoming Powwow.”
GARAN:The picture I submitted is a behind the scenes look at the live stream
operations to produce the 4 day Winnebago Homecoming Celebration. We are blessed
to have support of our community, powwow committee, administration, tribal council
and veterans. They entrusted our department to bring the best possible production
which we executed to the best of our abilities. We battled rain, extreme heat and two
crabby people. Moral of the picture caption is don’t be crabby, be happy! Because alot
of people are working behind the scenes.
BETHANI: The picture I’m submitting is of my mom and my niece from 2023,
which was my first year directing the livestream for the homecoming celebration.
During supper break, my mom brought the most adorable little HoChunk/Hopi baby
to visit her auntie (me) hard at work while her grandma (my mom) was also hard at
work! She was working on EMS that day. My mom has served on the CHR/EMS
team for over 20+ years. I have always admired her work ethic and her dedication to
serving the community. It’s relieving to know that we have our first responders on
standby in case of an emergency, even at the powwow grounds! Thank you, MOM,
for all your years of service to the community we call home.
TYLER: After takin over 8 thousand photos over the weekend, it’s basically
impossible to choose just one. So, I made a collage of a few livestream team members
in action. From rain to 100-degree weather, the team still made it happen! So much
work goes into the livestream behind the scenes, so the support from the community
and visitors goes a long way! Thank you to the livestream team!!!
GAYLA: After scrolling through my camera roll, I realize I didn’t take a single photo
for myself this weekend! I think that’s a testament to how busy my team and I really
were. Even though I was working, I still found myself taking in the sights, the sounds,
and the feeling of being there. I got to reconnect with friends and relatives, and it was
so heartwarming to meet new people who follow me or The Big Voice and took the
time to say hi and come introduce themselves. Those little interactions meant a lot and
made the whole weekend feel even more special. Every Homecoming, I’m reminded
of the resilience of our people. I’m reminded of the beauty of our culture, our history,
our language, and our songs. It reminds me why it is so important that we continue
carrying these traditions forward so future generations can know who they are, where
they come from, and the strength of those who came before them. There’s something
incredibly powerful about seeing our community come together year after year. It fills
me with pride to be Ho-Chunk and grateful to witness these traditions still being lived,
shared, and celebrated.
QUINCE: One picture was taken during Pow Wow 2006. One picture was taken this
year 2026 Winnebago Pow Wow.
One of my kids hadn't been to Winnebago since the 1st picture was taken. There
are more than a 1000 words for how myself and my children were feeling this past
weekend. After this years reunion, we plan to have a Q Bass family reunion every
summer moving forward. Not all 11 of my kids are pictured....but when that happens,
I'll make sure and show you the photo.
WINNEBAGO TRIBE OF NEBRASKA TO HOST HISTORIC LAND BACK
CELEBRATION
WINNEBAGO, NE – The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska (Hōcąk Nįšoc Haci) will hold an official
Land Back Celebration on Saturday, August 8th, 2026, marking the historic return of ancestral lands
along the Missouri River previously taken by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
The public event will commemorate the fulfillment of treaty rights, multi-generational leadership,
and tribal sovereignty. Ceremonies will begin on-site at the restored lands near WinnaVegas Casino
Resort, followed by a formal luncheon program and celebratory Round Dance at the WinnaVegas
Event Center.
EVENT DETAILS & MEDIA AVAILABILITY
WHAT: Winnebago Tribe Land Back Celebration
WHEN: Saturday, August 8, 2026 | Starts at 10:00 AM CDT
WHERE: 10:00 AM: Opening Ceremony at Returned Land Site (Adjacent to WinnaVegas
Casino Resort, Sloan/Sloan Township area)
Program & Lunch: WinnaVegas Event Center (1500 330th St, Sloan, IA)
WHO: Winnebago Tribal Leadership, Tribal Members, Community Elders, Regional
Dignitaries, and Invited Guests.
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KEY SCHEDULE:
10:00 AM: Land Site Ceremony & Remarks
11:30 AM (approx): Media Availability / Interviews with Tribal Leadership
12:00 PM: Lunch & Formal Program (WinnaVegas Event Center)
Concluding: Traditional Round Dance
MEDIA LOGISTICS & PRESS ACCESS
On-Site Access: Designated press areas will be available at both the land site ceremony and
inside the WinnaVegas Event Center.
Photo/B-Roll Opportunities: Land site ceremony overlooking returned acreage, honor songs,
tribal leaders/elders, speakers, and traditional Round Dance.
Interviews: Tribal Council members and key organizers will be available for brief interviews
immediately following the land site opening ceremony.
Media outlets planning to cover the event are encouraged to RSVP in advance to secure parking and
interview access. Please email: landback@winnebagotribe.com
Saturday, August 1, 2026 • Winnebago Indian News • Page 7
A beautiful sight to see. These young ladies are taking part in the Swan Dance.
Winnebago Veteran’s Gordon Rave and Arik “Dusty” Armell leading in
grand entry.
160th Annual: All-Ages Ho-Chunk Applique Exhibition.
Head Man Dancer Matt Cleveland III, Winnebago Tribal Vice-Chairman Eugene
DeCora Sr., and other male dancers are taking part in the Fish Dance.
Outgoing Senior and Junior Miss Nebraska Winnebago Dianna Funmaker and Dalise
Blackfish standing alongside visiting royalty.
Tiny tots rock the arena! Winnebago son, Tadashi D. Redhorn, earning his first day
pay following the tiny tot’s exhibition.
160th Annual: Junior and Teen Girls Ho-Chunk Applique Exhibition.
Head Man Dancer, Matthew “Baby Matt” Cleveland III
Grand Entry during the 160th Annual Winnebago Homecoming Celebration Powwow.
Page 8 • Winnebago Indian News • Saturday, August 1, 2026
COMMUNITY
Building the Next Generation of Paramedics at WCHS
Twelve Clans of the Ho-Chunk: A Cultural Portrait
“The Eagle Clan of the Ho-Chunk: Roles, Rights, and the Responsibilities”
By: Halle Murray Marketing Specialist
Winnebago, NE – Winnebago
Comprehensive Healthcare System’s (WCHS) Emergency Medical
Services (EMS) Trainee Program
creates a pathway for individuals
to begin as a trainee and driver
while working to become a licensed
paramedic.
Rural patients typically face EMS
calls and transport times over 40
minutes longer than the national
average. Specifically, in Nebraska,
the average resident lives roughly
130 miles from the highest level of
trauma care. The state’s Level 1 or
Level 2 trauma centers are in Omaha and Lincoln. This means that
for initial stabilization, Nebraskans
typically rely on ground ambulances to travel up to 60-90 minutes to
reach a Level 4 trauma center, like
WCHS’s Emergency Room, and/
or depend on medical helicopter
transport to receive high-level
intervention.
“Given the long transport times
our EMS team faces, having a
strong and reliable
emergency medical services
workforce on our reservation is
essential,” said Mona Zuffante,
Chief Public Health Officer. “Like
many rural and Tribal communities, we’ve struggled to recruit and
retain qualified paramedics who are
committed to serving our community. We recognized that if we wanted
a sustainable workforce, we needed
to invest in growing our own from
within the community.”
The Emergency Medical Services
(EMS) Trainee Program was created
to build a pathway for local individuals who are passionate about
serving their community to become
Paramedics in their community. This
two-year program strengthens the
emergency response bandwidth by
allowing us to recruit and mentor
passionate EMS Trainees. These
trainee drivers gain hands-on training and experience while they work
to complete their paramedic
certification coursework.
“The trainee program allowed me
to see what paramedics do every day
and learn from an incredible team,”
explains a recent graduate of the program, Mia Regalado. “This opportunity shape me into the paramedic I
am today!
”By developing a program that
makes it possible for any community
member to become a paramedic and
investing in the resources to support
a healthy work life balance for our
first responders. WCHS hopes to
generate a steady workforce of paramedics who are prepared to respond
when help is needed. To learn more,
visit: www.wchs.health/services/
acute-care/emergency-medical-services.
The history of the Ho-Chunk people
extends beyond the past; it continues
to be an essential and active part of
our present and future.
The twelve clans are the living
cornerstone of our Ho-Chunk people.
They guide our values and sustain cultural continuity. (Randin, 1910)
The twelve clans are like a living ce]
hi\ hipirak (yarn belt) that weaves
together everything in the tribe, from
decision-making to spiritual practices.
They build a resilient social and cultural framework that upholds governance, integrity, strength, and spiritual
practices, while also safeguarding the
tribe’s history and identity. (Hodge,
1906)
Consider them the foundation of
duties, roles, and relational ties that
sustain the tribe’s culture and ensure
its people’s connectivity. Significantly,
the Ho-Chunk clan system does not
establish a hierarchy—no clan is considered superior to another. Instead, the
structure emphasizes balance, mutual
respect, and the interconnectedness
of all members. This equality aligns
with the Ho-Chunk worldview, which
prioritizes unity within the community over hierarchy or status.
The month of July – Waxoc ra wira –
is known as the Corn Tasseling Moon.
This article will discuss one of the Sky
Clans: Caxsep Hikikarac – the Eagle
Clan, highlighting their responsibilities and their key role in Ho-Chunk
culture.
In Ho-Chunk tradition, the Caxsep
Hikikarac represents waasj̀i\k (vision),
honor, wisdom, courage, and a strong
connection with Maara (Earth maker).
Caxsep soar high above the ma (earth)
and are often associated with spiritual
awareness and the ability to see the
broader perspective for the good of
others. This elevated status with the
Upper Division signifies the clan’s
esteemed role in tribal society.
The Roles of the: Caxsep Hikikarac
(Eagle Clan). Traditionally, Members of
the Caxsep Hikikarac were anticipated
to exemplify honorable behavior and
effective leadership within the tribe.
Their role often includes:
Encouraging unity and collaboration
within the tribal community.
Upholding cultural teachings and
traditions.
Serving as advisors and respected
voices in community matters.
Participating in ceremonies and
preserving spiritual practices.
Guiding younger generations.
In addition to their primary duties,
they serve as bodyguards for the chief,
support judicial, political, and social
events, and serve as soldiers in warfare
under the air division leader.
The Rights of Caxsep Hikikarac,
historically, carried certain rights and
privileges within the Ho-Chunk society. These included:
Acknowledgment as members of an
esteemed clan with a unique heritage
and lineage.
Participation in clan-related ceremonies and traditions.
Access to clan teachings, stories, and
traditional knowledge.
The opportunity to contribute to
tribal decision-making and community life.
The right to preserve and pass on
clan identity to future generations
through family and cultural education.
Caxsep Hikikarac responsibilities
are essential to preserving cultural
knowledge. Members are responsible
for learning and teaching clan history,
stories, values, and customs, so that
future generations remain connected
to our Ho-Chunk way of life. Because
the Caxsep Hikikarac is associated
with the upper division, members
traditionally carry the responsibility
to honor sacred teachings, respect
traditional ceremonies, and maintain
a strong spiritual connection to our
Ho-Chunk traditions.
Like the Waka\ja Hikikarac (Thunder Clan), each clan has a designated
role in preserving culture and in contributing to the community’s collective welfare:
Leadership and Justice
Each clan holds a distinct role in the
community’s leadership. They collaborate to make decisions, settle disputes,
and enforce laws. This approach promotes shared, balanced governance, in
which every clan’s voice and viewpoint
are valued.
Health and Well-being
Clans contribute to both physical
and spiritual well-being by overseeing
rituals, caring for elders, and supporting community members during times
of illness or hardship. This approach
emphasizes an inclusive view of health
that encompasses both body and spirit.
Spiritual Life
In the Ho-Chunk worldview, spirituality is deeply connected to the
land, ancestors, and community. The
clans play a vital role in preserving
traditions, ceremonies, and teachings,
ensuring that cultural knowledge is
passed down through generations.
Cultural Preservation
The system safeguards traditions
by preserving each clan’s identity,
history, and responsibilities. It helps
prevent cultural erosion and ensures
the Ho-Chunk people’s unique identity
remains strong.
Social Unity
Clans foster belonging and shared
responsibility. Members understand
their place in the broader community,
promoting cooperation, respect, and
unity.
In essence, the Twelve Clans serve
as a dynamic framework for the HoChunk social structure — a system
that guides how members live, work,
heal, and uphold their traditions,
while preserving their tribe’s identity.
It extends beyond simple lineage to
embody shared goals, solidarity, and
enduring cultural resilience and permanence.
By January Bird, Assistant THPO, Angel Decora Museum and Research Center
Works Cited
Hodge, F. W. (1906). https://accessgenealogy.com/native/winnebago-indian-social-organization.htm. Retrieved from
Access Genealogy: https://accessgenealogy.
com/native/winnebago-indian-social-organization.htm
Randin, P. (1910, June). http://www.jstor.
org/stable/659950. Retrieved from www.hotcakencyclopedia.com: https://www.hotcakencyclopedia.com/ho.Radin-ClanStructureOfWinnebago.html
Saturday, August 1, 2026 • Winnebago Indian News • Page 9
POWWOW WINNERS
JUNIOR GIRLS HOCHUNK APPLIQUE
1st Place: ROSELLA WALKER
2nd Place: BELLA EARTH
3rd Place: CARLENA BASS
4th Place: AMRIE VARGAS
TEEN BOYS GRASS
1st Place: TAKODA HOWARD
2nd Place: CADIN HOWARD
3rd Place: CADELLE YOUNGBEAR
4th Place: COREY HINDSLEY JR.
JUNIOR GIRLS TRADITIONAL COMBINED
1st Place: MIKAYLA HOWARD
2nd Place: CAROLYN PARKER
3rd Place: COEY TOUTGES
4th Place: JANET BREKKE
TEENS BOYS FANCY
1st Place: JADEN PAINTER
2nd Place: LUKE CLOUD
3rd Place: WAKINYAN HEMINGER
4th Place: KANE SHERIDAN
JUNIOR GIRLS JINGLE
1st Place: PENNY MILLER
2nd Place: WIGMUKE PRIMEAUX
3rd Place: AVIANA MARRUFO
4th Place: CAMBREE MEDICINE BIRD
JUNIOR GIRLS FANCY SHAWL
1st Place: XARIA BLACKDEER
2nd Place: MILA DECORAH
3rd Place: AVIELLA ARNTZ
4th Place: BRIXLEY WHITE
JUNIOR BOYS WOODLAND
1st Place: WAMBLI DOLEZAL
2nd Place: MAXIMUS SPOONHUNTER
3rd Place: TYLER MILLER
4th Place: SEAN BEAR
JUNIOR BOYS TRADITIONAL
1st Place: JASPER LITTLE HEAD
2nd Place: KLAY LOVEJOY
3rd Place: ANSLEY GRIFFIN III
4th Place: DEON SHERIDAN
JUNIOR BOYS GRASS
1st Place: CHARLIE KINGBIRD
2nd Place: LEVI SPOONHUNTER
3rd Place: KEON LYONS
4th Place: ASHTON LYONS
TEENS BOYS CHICKEN
1st Place: LAKOYA HONANI
2nd Place: REDSKA GRINNELL
JR WOMENS HOCHUNK APPLIQUE
1st Place: JARALYN BEAR
2nd Place: BRITTANY PELKEY
3rd Place: MAGDALENA CLEVELAND
4th Place: PAULA CLOUD
JR WOMENS NORTHERN TRADITIONAL
1st Place: STAR HER MANY HORSES
2nd Place: TASHINA RED HAWK
3rd Place: SOPHIE TIGER
4th Place: STORMIE PERDASH
JR WOMENS SOUTHERN TRADITIONAL
1st Place: WHITNEY FRENCHMAN
2nd Place: JAIDA WHITECLOUD
3rd Place: NUKA NIVY YARHOLAR
4th Place: TYLYN THURMAN
JR WOMENS JINGLE
1st Place: CONNIE STARBLANKET
2nd Place: GENEVIEVE GROWINGTHUNDER
3rd Place: REBEKAH NEVAQUAYA
4th Place: LOLA WEDDELL
JUNIOR BOYS FANCY
1st Place: MYSOUL EARTH
2nd Place: ABEL ROBINSON
JR WOMENS FANCY SHAWL
1st Place: SARA BOINTY
2nd Place: CHARLIZE WHITE
3rd Place: SUMMER DAWN
4th Place: CHERISH KINGBIRD
TEEN GIRLS APPLIQUE
1st Place: MAAXICOWI FUNMAKER
2nd Place: MARLEIGH LITTLEBEAR
3rd Place: BELLA KAPAYOU
4th Place: ZAILEY GRANT
JR MENS WOODLAND
1st Place: TEGO WARRINGTON
2nd Place: PAYTON PELKEY
3rd Place: GEGEK WEBKAMIGAD
4th Place: DJ SCOTT
TEEN GIRLS TRADITIONAL
1st Place: NAUMI YARHOLAR
2nd Place: ANNALEIGH DAVENPORT
3rd Place: MICKAYLA BEAR ROBE
4th Place: EMILY HOWARD
JR MENS NORTHERN TRADITIONAL
1st Place: RUBEN LITTLE HEAD JR.
2nd Place: LELAND RICE DOE
3rd Place: QUENTIN DICK JR.
4th Place: ELIJAH LEONARD
TEEN GIRLS JINGLE
1st Place: ZAIDA TEBOE
2nd Place: MADISON KINGBIRD
3rd Place: QUINN HINDSLEY-SHERIDAN
4th Place: TELA LUMBAR
JR MENS SOUTHERN STRAIGHT
1st Place: TYLER THURMAN
2nd Place: TOMOYAKE TAHCHAWICKAH
3rd Place: COLE TAYLOR
4th Place: NORRIS BIGHORSE
TEEN GIRLS FANCY SHAWL
1st Place: KARIS MILLER
2nd Place: HAVEN LITTLEHEAD
3rd Place: WAKIYA DOLEZAL
4th Place: EMBER-SKY PRIMEAUX
JR MENS GRASS
1st Place: MAHPIYA HEMINGER
2nd Place: WAKIYAN CUNY
3rd Place: ALEX PELKEY
4th Place: NAHCS WAHWASSUCK
TEEN BOYS WOODLAND
1st Place: TYE THURMAN
2nd Place: MISU DOLEZAL
3rd Place: JULYIAS MILLER
4th Place: ROBERT O’REILLY
JR MENS FANCY
1st Place: PRESTON OLNEY
2nd Place: KOY BEARSTAIL
3rd Place: DURRELL ETSITTY
4th Place: FLOYD SILAS III
TEEN BOYS TRADITIONAL
1st Place: BLAKE MCCAULEY
2nd Place: XAVIER HINDSLEY
3rd Place: CORBIN SHUCKAHOSEE
JR MENS CHICKEN
1st Place: JUSTIS WOLFLEADER
2nd Place: SINTE-SKA ROBERTS
3rd Place: DEO TOP SKY
4th Place: ANGELO WINDBLOW
Page 10 • Winnebago Indian News • Saturday, August 1, 2026
POWWOW WINNERS
SR WOMENS HOCHUNK APPLIQUE
1st Place: CINDY WARRINGTON
2nd Place: AUTUMN WHITE
3rd Place: GABBY RAVE
4th Place: ANNE THUNDERCLOUD
SR WOMENS NORTHERN TRADITIONAL
1st Place: LYNN CUNY
2nd Place: MARIA GARCIA
3rd Place: LENA NELLS
4th Place: BERNADETTE WHIPPLE-MORRIS
SR WOMENS SOUTHERN BUCKSKIN/CLOTH
1st Place: SOPHIA THURMAN
2nd Place: JANET SAUPITTY
3rd Place: MYCHAL GRANT
4th Place: LATONDA MORRIS
GOLDEN AGE WOMENS HOCHUNK APPLIQUE
1st Place: THELMA WHITEWATER
2nd Place: GRACE EARTH
3rd Place: TIFFANI WARNER
GOLDEN AGE WOMENS NORTHERN & SOUTHERN
TRADITIONAL
1st Place: TONYA MOORE
2nd Place: NOELLA RED HAWK
3rd Place: TERRY GRANT
4th Place: LAUREEN KEAHNA
GOLDEN AGE WOMENS FANCY SHAWL
1st Place: A. NOEL GOVER
GOLDEN AGE WOMENS JINGLE
1st Place: DIANNE DESROSIERS
2nd Place: JENNY WILKIE
3rd Place: GLORIA COURNOYER
SR WOMENS JINGLE
1st Place: MALI SOUKSAVATH
2nd Place: HARMONY HILL
3rd Place: AMANDA AWONOHOPAY
4th Place: AIMEE AWONOHOPAY
GOLDEN AGE MEN WOODLAND
1st Place: LLYOD HAMILTON
2nd Place: DENNS YOUNGBEAR
3rd Place: ARLO WANATEE
SR WOMENS FANCY SHAWL
1st Place: DENAYE JACK-HONANI
2nd Place: JOSETTE SCHOLFIELD
3rd Place: AMY PAINTER
4th Place: MARLO LANGDEAU-MEDICINE BIRD
GOLDEN AGE MENS NORTHERN & SOUTHERN COMBINED
1st Place: PATRICK MOORE
2nd Place: CHARLES HINDSLEY
3rd Place: MICHAEL GRANT SR.
4th Place: ELVIN NICOTINE
SR MENS WOODLAND
1st Place: JOSH ZUNKER
2nd Place: DARREL DELABREAU
3rd Place: FLETCHER COLLINS
4th Place: EDWIN LARREA SNOWBALL
GOLDEN AGE MENS GRASS
1st Place: TODD IKE
2nd Place: WILLIAM HINDSLEY
3rd Place: GABE DESROSIERS
SR MENS NORTHERN TRADITIONAL
1st Place: BUD GRANT
2nd Place: KYLE WHITE
3rd Place: ORLANDO IKE
4th Place: DYLAN PRESCOTT
SR MENS SOUTHERN STRAIGHT
1st Place: SKKYLER SNOWBALL
2nd Place: ANGELO NORMAND
3rd Place: RON RICE JR.
SR MENS GRASS
1st Place: HAGA CLEVELAND
2nd Place: DIJAY YARHOLAR
3rd Place: ADRIAN PRIMEAUX
4th Place: BRYSON MEYERS
SR MENS FANCY
1st Place: COREY REEDER
2nd Place: DOUGLAS SCHOLFIELD
3rd Place: DOMINIC PABLO
4th Place: ISAIAH ST. CYR
GOLDEN AGE MEN FANCY
1st Place: THOMAS SNOWBALL
2nd Place: TOMMY FLUTE
3rd Place: AMOS LITTLECROW
SINGING CONTEST WINNERS::
NORTHERN:
1st Place: BADFISH CREEK
2nd Place: IRON BOY
3rd Place: IRON WOOD
4th Place: MAHPIYA LUTA
SOUTHERN:
1st Place: SOUTHERN BOYZ
2nd Place: WHITETAIL BOYZ
3rd Place: MOTOWN
4th Place: PAWNEE YELLOW HORSE
5th Place: OMAHA REDWOLF
SR MENS CHICKEN
1st Place: MARTY THURMAN
2nd Place: DAKOTA WHITEWATER
3rd Place: DANIEL PRESCOTT
NORTHERN DRUM WINNER:
Badfish Creek (Photo courtesy of Naazh Ford)
Outgoing Senior and Junior Miss Nebraska Winnebago Dianna Funmaker and Dalise
Blackfish alongside Newly Crowned Senior and Junior Miss Nebraska Winnebago
Wakiya Dolezal and Zailey Grant.
SOUTHERN DRUM WINNER:
Southern Boyz, (Photo courtesy of Aimee Awonohopay)
Saturday, August 1, 2026 • Winnebago Indian News • Page 11
HOMECOMING CELEBRATION
2026
All-Ages Woodland Special, Winner Takes All + 5 Consolations were awarded.
During the honor song for the Spider-Man Red Special for Baby Iktomi with
family.
160th Annual: Junior Boys Grass Exhibition.
This is why we continue to celebrate. We honor our loved ones that made the ultimate
sacrifice and are no longer here with us in the physical world.
160th Annual: Junior Girls Jingle Dress Exhibition.
160th Annual: Junior Boys Traditional Exhibition.
This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.