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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA
INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
April 2022
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA
INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
TRIBAL HAZARD
MITIGATION PLAN
PREPARED BY:
ST. CROIX TRIBAL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE COMMITTEE
WITH TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM:
NORTHWEST REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION
1400 SOUTH RIVER STREET
SPOONER, WI 54801
ADOPTED: X 2022
THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED THROUGH THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
(FEMA) HAZARD MITIGATION GRANT PROGRAM (HMGP), Disaster # FEMA-4276-DR-WI
(Project #4288.06-P)
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction and Background ............................................................................................................................... 1
Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Plan Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Plan Assurances .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Plan Organization ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Planning Process ........................................................................................................................... 2
FEMA 4-Step Planning Process ............................................................................................................................. 2
Community Profile........................................................................................................................ 8
History ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Geography .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Climate ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Population ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Housing....................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Economic Conditions ............................................................................................................................................. 14
Land Use ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Infrastructure and Community Services ................................................................................... 16
Solid Waste and Recycling .................................................................................................................................. 16
Wastewater Treatment .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Water Supply ............................................................................................................................................................ 16
Electric Power ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
Communications ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Law Enforcement ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Fire and Rescue ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
Health Care ................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Educational Facilities ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Critical and Vulnerable Facilities .............................................................................................. 19
St. Croix Tribe Critical Facilities .......................................................................................................................... 19
St. Croix Tribe Vulnerable Facilities .................................................................................................................. 20
St. Croix Tribe Historic Sites ................................................................................................................................ 21
Non-Tribal Critical and Vulnerable Facilities ................................................................................................ 21
Capability Assessment ................................................................................................................ 23
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Pre-Disaster Capabilities ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Post-Disaster Capabilities .................................................................................................................................... 23
Pre and Post-Disaster Resources ...................................................................................................................... 23
Federal Resources ................................................................................................................................................... 23
State Resources........................................................................................................................................................ 27
St. Croix Tribal Government ................................................................................................................................ 29
County Government............................................................................................................................................... 33
Towns........................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Other Agencies/Organizations .......................................................................................................................... 34
Planning Mechanisms and Capabilities .......................................................................................................... 36
Administrative and Technical Capabilities..................................................................................................... 37
Fiscal Capabilities .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Federal Assistance Programs .............................................................................................................................. 38
State Assistance Programs .................................................................................................................................. 42
Institutional Capabilities ....................................................................................................................................... 43
Tribal Land Use Controls ...................................................................................................................................... 43
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Development Trends ............................................................................................................................................. 43
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment ............................................................................. 44
Hazards Identified ................................................................................................................................................... 44
Natural Hazards Priority Matrix ......................................................................................................................... 45
Technological/Human-Caused Hazards Priority Matrix ........................................................................... 46
Natural Hazards........................................................................................................................... 47
Winter Storms........................................................................................................................................................... 47
Hazard Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................. 54
Extreme Cold............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Hazard Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................. 60
Extreme Heat ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
Hazard Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 62
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................. 66
Infectious Disease ................................................................................................................................................... 68
Hazard Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 68
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................. 73
Flooding...................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Hazard Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 78
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................. 85
Ice Storms .................................................................................................................................................................. 89
Hazard Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 89
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................. 90
Tornadoes .................................................................................................................................................................. 92
Hazard Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 92
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................. 98
High Wind ................................................................................................................................................................ 102
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 102
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 106
Wildfire...................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 111
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 114
Drought..................................................................................................................................................................... 120
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 120
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 122
Invasive Species ..................................................................................................................................................... 124
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 124
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 129
Hail.............................................................................................................................................................................. 131
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 131
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 131
Lightning .................................................................................................................................................................. 136
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 136
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 138
Erosion....................................................................................................................................................................... 141
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 141
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 143
Fog .............................................................................................................................................................................. 144
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 144
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 145
Dam Failure ............................................................................................................................................................. 147
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 147
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 147
Technological/Human-Caused Hazards ................................................................................. 151
Multiple Vehicle Accident .................................................................................................................................. 151
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 151
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 151
Illegal Drug Use and Cleanup........................................................................................................................... 153
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 153
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 158
Hazardous Materials Incidents ......................................................................................................................... 160
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 160
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 165
Active Shooter ........................................................................................................................................................ 170
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 170
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 172
Power Failure .......................................................................................................................................................... 174
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 174
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 174
Cyber-Attack ........................................................................................................................................................... 176
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 176
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 177
Utilities Failure........................................................................................................................................................ 179
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 179
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 180
Bomb Threat ........................................................................................................................................................... 182
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 182
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 182
Water Contamination .......................................................................................................................................... 184
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 184
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 186
Communications Disruption ............................................................................................................................. 188
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 188
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 189
Acts or Threats of Violence ............................................................................................................................... 191
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 191
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 191
Pharmaceutical Supply Shortage .................................................................................................................... 193
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 193
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 193
Civil Unrest............................................................................................................................................................... 195
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 195
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 196
Terrorism .................................................................................................................................................................. 197
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 197
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 199
Nuclear Incident .................................................................................................................................................... 201
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 201
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 202
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HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Aviation Incident ................................................................................................................................................... 207
Hazard Profile .................................................................................................................................................... 207
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 209
Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................................................... 210
Mitigation Goals .................................................................................................................................................... 210
Mitigation Action Plan......................................................................................................................................... 210
Plan Implementation and Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 219
Mitigation Action Prioritization ....................................................................................................................... 220
Plan Maintenance ...................................................................................................................... 229
Background ............................................................................................................................................................. 229
Monitoring, Evaluating, and Updating the Plan ........................................................................................ 229
Annual Updates ..................................................................................................................................................... 230
Five Year Revisions (Required) ......................................................................................................................... 230
Continued Public Involvement ......................................................................................................................... 231
Plan Integration ..................................................................................................................................................... 231
Appendix .................................................................................................................................... 232
MAPS, FIGURES, AND TABLES
Map 1: St. Croix Reservation Basemap ................................................................................................................. 10
Map 2: Structure Locations (Core Communities) ............................................................................................. 13
Map 3: St. Croix Tribe Critical and Vulnerable Facilities ................................................................................ 22
Map 4: Flood Hazards (Core Communities) ....................................................................................................... 87
Map 5: Tornado Paths (Fujita Scale Magnitude and Year) ............................................................................ 97
Map 6: Wildfire Cause (2016-2021) ..................................................................................................................... 113
Map 7: Wildfire Magnitude (2016-2021) ........................................................................................................... 115
Map 8: Dam Locations and Size............................................................................................................................ 148
Figure 1: Temperature Variation - Burnett County ............................................................................................ 9
Figure 2: Precipitation - Burnett County ................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3: Snowfall - Burnett County ......................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 4: Wisconsin Winter Storm Events 1982-83 to 2020-21 ................................................................. 49
Figure 5: Wisconsin Blizzard Events 1982-83 to 2020-2021 ........................................................................ 50
Figure 6: Wisconsin Average Snowfall 1981-82 to 2020-21 ........................................................................ 54
Figure 7: Wind Chill Chart ......................................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 8: Wisconsin Extreme Cold Events 1982-83 to 2020-21.................................................................. 59
Figure 9: Minimum Low Temperature, Weather Stations Near St. Croix Reservation........................ 60
Figure 10: NOAA's National Weather Service Heat Index ............................................................................ 63
Figure 11: Wisconsin Heat Wave Days 1982-2020 .......................................................................................... 64
Figure 12: Wisconsin Heat Wave Events 1982-2020....................................................................................... 65
Figure 13: Maximum High Temperature Weather Stations Near St. Croix Reservation .................... 66
Figure 14: Confirmed Lyme Disease Cases per 100,000 Wisconsin Residents ..................................... 71
Figure 15: Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework .................................................................................. 74
Figure 16: Wisconsin Flood Events 1844-2020 ................................................................................................. 84
Figure 17: Wisconsin Ice Storm Events 1982-83 to 2020-21 ....................................................................... 89
Figure 18: Wisconsin Tornado Events 1844-2020............................................................................................ 93
Figure 19: Tornado Probabilities ............................................................................................................................ 99
Figure 20: Significant Tornado Probabilities.................................................................................................... 100
Figure 21:Wisconsin Severe Thunderstorm Wind Events 1844-2020..................................................... 103
Figure 22: Independence Day Downbursts ...................................................................................................... 104
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Figure 23: Wind Damage Swath Map – July 1, 2011 ..................................................................................... 105
Figure 24: Derecho Report – July 19-20, 2019 ................................................................................................ 106
Figure 25: Wind Probabilities ................................................................................................................................ 108
Figure 26: Significant Wind Probabilities .......................................................................................................... 108
Figure 27: Wildfire Causes 2016-2021 ............................................................................................................... 112
Figure 28: Wildfire Occurrences 2016-2021 .................................................................................................... 118
Figure 29: Climate Division 1 Palmer Drought Severity Index 1895-2020 ........................................... 121
Figure 30: Invasion Curve ........................................................................................................................................ 124
Figure 31: St. Croix Noxious Weeds Restoration Sites 2017...................................................................... 127
Figure 32: Wisconsin Severe Hail Events 1982-2020 .................................................................................... 132
Figure 33: Hail Probabilities ................................................................................................................................... 133
Figure 34: Significant Hail Probabilities............................................................................................................. 134
Figure 35: Wisconsin Lightning Events .............................................................................................................. 137
Figure 36: Total Lightning Density 2015-2020................................................................................................ 138
Figure 37: Mean Heavy Fog Days ......................................................................................................................... 145
Figure 38: Wisconsin State Crime Laboratory Heroin Cases ..................................................................... 155
Figure 39: Wisconsin State Crime Laboratory Fentanyl Cases .................................................................. 156
Figure 40: Wisconsin State Crime Laboratory Prescription Opioid Cases ............................................ 157
Figure 41: Wisconsin State Crime Laboratory Meth Cases ......................................................................... 158
Figure 42: Burnett County National Pipeline Mapping System ................................................................ 166
Figure 43: Barron County National Pipeline Mapping System ................................................................. 167
Figure 44: Polk County National Pipeline Mapping System ...................................................................... 168
Figure 45: Active Shooter Incidents .................................................................................................................... 172
Figure 46: Active Shooter Incidents .................................................................................................................... 173
Figure 47: Bomb Threat Incidents ........................................................................................................................ 182
Figure 48: WISCOM Tower Sites ........................................................................................................................... 188
Figure 49: Terrorism Incidents............................................................................................................................... 199
Figure 50: Locations of U.S. Nuclear Power Plants ........................................................................................ 201
Figure 51: Wisconsin Nuclear Power Plant Planning Zones ...................................................................... 203
Figure 52: International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale................................................................ 205
Table 1: St. Croix Tribal Member Population ..................................................................................................... 11
Table 2: Population...................................................................................................................................................... 11
Table 3: Population Forecasts ................................................................................................................................. 11
Table 4: Rental Homes & Apartment Buildings by Reservation Community ........................................ 12
Table 5: Housing Occupancy and Tenure ........................................................................................................... 14
Table 6: Income Levels and Poverty Rates.......................................................................................................... 15
Table 7: Average Annual Wage & Average Earnings Per Job ..................................................................... 15
Table 8: Winter Storm Descriptions ...................................................................................................................... 48
Table 9: Winter Storm Events .................................................................................................................................. 51
Table 10: Heavy Snow Events .................................................................................................................................. 52
Table 11: Extreme Cold Events ................................................................................................................................ 58
Table 12: Extreme Heat History .............................................................................................................................. 63
Table 13: Communicable Disease Occurrences ................................................................................................ 70
Table 14: Influenza Reported by Northern Region Antigen Sites ............................................................. 75
Table 15: Flood Probability Terms ......................................................................................................................... 86
Table 16: Flood Events ............................................................................................................................................... 86
Table 17: Ice Storm Events ........................................................................................................................................ 90
Table 18: The Enhanced Fujita Scale ..................................................................................................................... 92
Table 19: Burnett County Tornado Loss Estimates .......................................................................................... 94
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 20: Barron County Tornado Loss Estimates ........................................................................................... 95
Table 21: Polk County Tornado Loss Estimates ................................................................................................ 96
Table 22: Tornadoes Average Area Affected ..................................................................................................... 98
Table 23: Beaufort Wind Scale .............................................................................................................................. 107
Table 24: Thunderstorm Wind Loss Estimates ................................................................................................ 109
Table 25: Fire Magnitude Statistics 2016-2021 ............................................................................................... 114
Table 26: Fire Behavior Fuel Model Classifications (Anderson) ................................................................ 116
Table 27: Fire Regime Groups ............................................................................................................................... 117
Table 28: Palmer Classifications ........................................................................................................................... 121
Table 29: Potential Drought Impacts .................................................................................................................. 122
Table 30: Drought Magnitude ............................................................................................................................... 122
Table 31: Drought Probability ............................................................................................................................... 123
Table 32: Number of Unique Invasive Species Reported ........................................................................... 125
Table 33: Priority Terrestrial Invasive Plant Species by County ................................................................ 125
Table 34: Aquatic Invasive Species by County ................................................................................................ 126
Table 35: Tribal Youth Noxious Survey Results .............................................................................................. 128
Table 36: Hail Size Estimates ................................................................................................................................. 131
Table 37: Hail Loss Estimates ................................................................................................................................. 134
Table 38: Rated Dams Downstream Communities ........................................................................................ 149
Table 39: Dams by Hazard Rating........................................................................................................................ 149
Table 40: Motor Vehicle Accidents ...................................................................................................................... 151
Table 41: Hazardous Materials Incidents Burnett County........................................................................... 161
Table 42: Hazardous Materials Incidents Barron County ............................................................................ 162
Table 43: Hazardous Materials Incidents Polk County ................................................................................. 164
Table 44: Active Pipeline Mileage by County .................................................................................................. 166
Table 45: Internet Crime Complaints .................................................................................................................. 177
Table 46: Number of Drug Shortages by Year ................................................................................................ 194
Table 47: Aviation Accidents.................................................................................................................................. 207
Table 48: Aviation Incidents ................................................................................................................................... 208
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
PURPOSE
The St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin prepared this Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan (THMP)
to evaluate the impacts of natural and technological/human-caused hazards and to protect
people, tribal lands, and cultural assets. This plan demonstrates the St. Croix Tribe’s ongoing
commitment to reduce risk and improve resiliency to natural hazard events. This plan serves as a
guide to decision makers to direct hazard mitigation programs, activities, and resources. This
plan was also developed to make the Tribe eligible for certain federal pre-disaster mitigation
assistance grant funding through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
PLAN SCOPE
The St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin THMP addresses both natural and
technological/human-caused hazards. The plan intended to address natural hazards such as
winter storms, extreme temperatures, and flooding, along with technological/human-caused
hazards such as hazardous materials incidents, energy emergencies, and terrorism. This plan
conforms to the tribal requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000),
enacted on October 10, 2000. This act establishes a pre-disaster hazard mitigation program and
new requirements for the national Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). Section 322 of the
act specifically addresses mitigation planning at the state, local, and tribal levels and establishes
specific criteria for local planning.
PLAN ASSURANCES
This plan is prepared to comply with the requirements of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988 (as amended by the DMA); all pertinent presidential
directives associated with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and FEMA; all aspects of 44
CFR pertaining to hazard mitigation planning and grants pertaining to the mitigation of adverse
effects of disasters (natural, human-caused, and other); interim final rules and final rules
pertaining to hazard mitigation planning and grants, as described above; all planning criteria
issued by FEMA; and all Office of Management and Budget circulars and other federal
government documents, guidelines, and rules.
The St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin assures that it will continue to comply with all
applicable federal statutes and regulations in effect with respect to the periods for which it
receives grant funding, including 2 CFR Parts 200 and 3002. The St. Croix Tribe will amend its
plan whenever necessary to reflect changes in tribal or federal laws and statutes.
PLAN ORGANIZATION
Section 1: Introduction and Background
Section 2: Planning Process
Section 3: Community Profile
Section 4: Infrastructure and Community Services
Section 5: Critical and Vulnerable Facilities
Section 6: Capability Assessment
Section 7: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Section 8: Mitigation Strategy
Section 9: Plan Maintenance
Appendix A: Planning Process Documentation
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
PLANNING PROCESS
Development of the St. Croix Hazard Mitigation Plan began in October of 2020 under the
guidance and direction of the St. Croix Emergency Management Department and the St. Croix
Environmental/Natural Resources Department, in consultation with the Northwest Regional
Planning Commission. Plan development followed a structured process which involved
coordination with tribal offices, administration, and the public.
FEMA 4-STEP PLANNING PROCESS
The development of the St. Croix Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan followed FEMA guidance and
was structured around the recommended four-step planning process.
Step 1. Organize Resources – At the start, a state, tribe, or community should focus on
assembling the resources needed for a successful mitigation planning process. This
includes identifying and organizing interested stakeholders, as well as securing
needed technical expertise.
How was this completed?
Committee Organization and Meetings
The Tribal Emergency Response Committee (TERC), an already established committee with
members selected from those Tribal Departments involved in hazard mitigation planning and/or
disaster response and recovery, began work on development of the St. Croix Tribal Hazard
Mitigation Plan in the fall of 2020. The St. Croix Emergency Management Department and the St.
Croix Environmental/Natural Resources Department served as the local leads for the
development of this plan. The Environmental/Natural Resources & Utilities Director distributed
notices and invitations for the initial kick-off meeting to the St. Croix Tribal Council, Tribal
Departments, along with county and state agencies. There was a total of 9 planning meetings
held between October of 2020 and March of 2022. All meetings were held on a virtual platform.
Steering committee meeting documentation is provided in the Appendix.
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
ST. CROIX TRIBAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE COMMITTEE (TERC)
Name Title/Department
Title/Department
Clifford Benjamin
Director, St. Croix Emergency Management & Safety
Sarah Slayton
Melanie Connor Johnson
Director, St. Croix Environmental/Natural Resources &
Utilities
Grants Administrator, St. Croix Tribal Grants Department &
Secretary, St. Croix Tribal Economic Development
Corporation
Michaela Lowe
Director, St. Croix Chippewa Housing Authority
Gary Stoner
Director, St. Croix Tribal Security
Frank Taylor
Chief of Police, St. Croix Tribal Police Department
Ronnette Walters
Occupational Health & Safety, St. Croix Casinos
ST. CROIX TRIBAL COUNCIL
St. Croix Tribal Council 2019-2021
Susan Lowe
Chair
Round Lake
Francis Songetay
Vice-Chair
Sand Lake
William Reynolds
Secretary/Treasurer
Sand Lake
Thomas Fowler
Representative
Maple Plain
Beverly Benjamin
Representative
Danbury
St. Croix Tribal Council 2021-2023
William Reynolds
Chair
Sand Lake
Thomas Fowler
Vice-Chair
Maple Plain
Rick Benjamin
Secretary/Treasurer
Danbury
Conrad St. John
Representative
Sand Lake
Georgia Cobenais
Representative
Round Lake
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Public Involvement
Prior to the initial kick-off meeting in October of 2020, the TERC identified opportunities for
public involvement and participation in the planning process. For purposes of this plan, the term
“public” refers to Tribal Members or other persons not associated with Tribal Government or
leadership. Public participation mechanisms used in the development of this plan included
providing opportunities for public comment at all TERC meetings, news releases, and notice of
draft plan availability at each of the four St. Croix Community Centers to solicit input on the
draft plan.
The draft plan was available for review and comment on the St. Croix Tribe website for a period
of 30 days.
Coordination with Other Departments, Agencies and Organizations
The TERC recognized the need for broad agency and organizational support in the development
of this hazard mitigation plan. In order to facilitate departmental, agency and organizational
involvement, representatives from the following entities were invited to participate in the
development of this plan either by contributing input at TERC meetings, being aware of
planning activities through an email group, providing information to support the effort, or
reviewing and commenting on the draft plan:
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Tribal Council
Tribal Administration
St. Croix Casinos
St. Croix Economic Development
Corporation
St. Croix Environmental/Natural
Resources Department
St. Croix Tribal Grants Department
St. Croix Health & Human Services
St. Croix Tribal Housing Authority
St. Croix Tribal Police Department
St. Croix Tribal Security
St. Croix Tribal Utilities Department
Burnett County Emergency Management
Barron County Emergency Management
Polk County Emergency Management
Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission
Northwest Regional Planning Commission
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Wisconsin Emergency Management
Federal Emergency Management Agency
National Weather Service
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Indian Health Service
US Army Corps of Engineers
US Environmental Protection Agency
The following overlapping units of government were asked to review and comment on the draft
hazard mitigation plan:
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Burnett County
Barron County
Polk County
Town of Swiss, Burnett County
Town of Rusk, Burnett County
Town of Siren, Burnett County
Town of Dewey, Burnett County
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Town of Lafollette, Burnett County
Town of Sand Lake, Burnett County
Town of Meenon, Burnett County
Town of Maple Plain, Barron County
Town of Georgetown, Polk County
Town of Johnstown, Polk County
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Coordination with Existing Plans and Programs
Development of the St. Croix Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan was coordinated with the policies,
programs, and actions contained within several existing plans, studies, and reports. These were
used to provide background information relative to the hazards identified and to provide policy
and strategic guidance in the development of the hazard mitigation action plan. The following
existing plans, studies, and reports were reviewed and incorporated where relevant:
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Economic Impact of the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
St. Croix Emergency Operations Plan
St. Croix Integrated Resource Management Plan
St. Croix Tribal Head Start Community Assessment
Burnett County Comprehensive Plan
Barron County Comprehensive Plan
Polk County Comprehensive Plan
Burnett County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Barron County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Polk County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Northwest Wisconsin Regional Comprehensive Plan
Jackson-Webb Lake Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Town of Swiss Comprehensive Plan
Town of LaFollette Land Use Plan
Town of Meenon Comprehensive Plan
Town of Sand Lake Comprehensive Plan
Wisconsin Aquatic Invasive Species Management Plan
State of Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan
Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians Hazard Mitigation Plan
Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians Hazard Mitigation Plan
Emergency Preparedness Handbook for Tribal Governments
Tribal Wildfire Resource Guide
Northwest Wisconsin Flood Impact Study
State and Federal Program Integration
The development of this plan is the first step taken by the St. Croix Tribe towards improving
community resiliency from natural and technological/human-caused hazards. This plan was
completed in accordance with the FEMA Tribal Mitigation Planning Handbook and when
approved, will enable the Tribe to be eligible for hazard mitigation assistance funding through
FEMA.
The St. Croix Tribe currently does not participate in the National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP). One of the initiatives identified within this plan is to explore the costs and benefits
associated with future participation in the NFIP.
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Step 2. Assess Risks – The state, tribe, or community needs to identify the
characteristics and potential consequences of hazards. It is important to understand
what geographic areas different hazards might impact and what important people,
property, or other assets might be vulnerable.
How was this completed?
Hazard Identification and Ranking
The TERC identified relevant natural and technological/human-caused hazards affecting the
Tribe. A “Hazard Priority Matrix” was completed in order to rank and prioritize each of the
hazards based on a numerical weighting system on a series of nine criteria:
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Probability - Likelihood of occurrence
Human Impact - Possibility of death or injury
Property Impact - Physical losses or damage
Business Impact - Interruption of business services
Duration - Length of the event, including recovery
Warning Time - Length of time to prepare or evacuate
Area Affected - Size of the area affected by the hazard
Preparedness - Level of preplanning in advance of the event
Response Capability - Time, effectiveness, and resources available to respond
Hazard Prioritization and Profiling
Once hazards were identified, ranked, and prioritized, each hazard was researched to collect
locally relevant data on historical occurrences and past losses. Each hazard was profiled by
providing background information about the nature of the hazard. Statistical information on
hazard occurrence was compiled using data from a wide range of federal, state, and local
sources. Where sufficient data was available, maps were produced depicting the location and
magnitude of hazard events. Hazard profiles for the natural and technological/human-caused
hazards identified by the TERC are found in the “Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment”.
Risk Assessment
A risk assessment was conducted for each of the profiled hazards using the best available data
(spatial and tabular). The population, buildings, cultural resources, and critical and vulnerable
facilities at potential risk were considered as part of the risk assessment. All hazards were
assessed using the following evaluative criteria:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Risk - Level of danger posed by the hazard. Risk is defined numerically by the weighted
formula used in the hazard priority matrix
Magnitude - Size or extent of the hazard impact area
Duration - Length of time of the event, including secondary impacts and recovery time
Area Affected - Geographic area or region affected by the hazard
Frequency - Rate at which the hazard occurs
Probability - Likelihood of the event occurring
Vulnerability - Level of exposure to the hazard
Economic Impacts - Effects on the level of economic activity in the area
Human Impacts - Likelihood of death or injury due to hazard
-6-
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Capability Assessment
A capability assessment was conducted to determine the Tribe’s ability to implement a
comprehensive mitigation strategy and to identify potential opportunities for establishing or
enhancing mitigation policies, programs, or projects. The capability assessment is also intended
to provide a comprehensive overview of the agencies; organizations, plans and regulatory
instruments available to assist in future hazard mitigation and emergency response efforts.
Step 3. Develop a Mitigation Plan – Based on an understanding of risk, the state,
tribe, or community then needs to determine what their priorities should be and
develop long-term strategies for avoiding or minimizing the undesired effects of
disasters. The product is a mitigation plan and implementation approach.
How was this completed?
Mitigation Strategy Development
In order to provide a framework for mitigation planning, the TERC identified a series of
mitigation planning goals and actions designed to reduce hazard risk, improve response
capabilities, reduce exposure and vulnerability, and minimize losses.
The TERC identified a total of 38 actions as part of the mitigation strategy. The mitigation
actions are prioritized based upon ease of implementation, effect on the overall risk to life and
property, political and community support, and overall project funding. As part of the action
plan, a “Plan Implementation and Maintenance” section was created to identify the actions
required to ensure that the plan is fully implemented and that it remains current and up to date.
This section also details the system established to monitor the plan, as well as how, when, and
by whom the plan will be evaluated. It further describes how continued public involvement will
be assured as the plan is monitored and updated.
Step 4. Implement, Plan, and Monitor Progress – The state, tribe, or community can
bring the mitigation plan to life in a variety of ways, ranging from implementing
specific mitigation projects to changing aspects of day-to-day organizational
operations. To ensure success in ongoing implementation, it is critical that the plan
remains relevant. Thus, it is important to conduct periodic evaluations to assess
changing risks and priorities and make revisions as needed.
How was this completed?
Once the plan was completed in draft form, the document and supporting materials were
submitted to Wisconsin Emergency Management (WEM) for approval pending adoption.
Approval pending adoption was received on MONTH DAY, 2022. Following plan adoption by the
Tribal Council on MONTH DAY, 2022, official approval from FEMA was received on MONTH DAY,
2022. The “Plan Maintenance” section of this plan establishes short and long-term plan
maintenance protocols.
-7-
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
COMMUNITY PROFILE
HISTORY
The people of the St. Croix Tribe belong to a larger group who refer to themselves as
Anishinaabe but may also be called Ojibwe or Chippewa as well as other similar names. The St.
Croix Band is one of 154 Bands of Anishinaabe that reside around the Lake Superior region in
the United States and Canada. This larger group of people extends approximately as far east as
the Atlantic Ocean, as far south as Iowa, as far west as Montana, and as far north as Hudson Bay.
According to Anishinaabe history, the people migrated west from their historic homeland on the
east coast of North America to the Great Lakes Region where they found “the food that grows
on water”, known as manoomin or wild rice. This final stop on the migration route was at Lake
Superior’s Madeline Island, the spiritual hub of the Anishinaabe. In the years that the
Anishinaabe began exploring further away from Madeline Island to find food and gather furs,
the Marten clan discovered an area located along the northern sections of the St. Croix River. In
this area, the St. Croix River touches many smaller rivers such as the Brule, Yellow, Namekagon,
and Clam. Groups of Anishinaabe chose to settle where the St. Croix crossed these rivers.
In 1837 and 1842 the St. Croix signed treaties with the United States Government, ceding their
lands, but retaining a distinct identity and the rights to hunt, fish, trap, and gather. From 1854 to
1934 the St. Croix became known as "The Lost Tribe", as the United States Government failed to
recognize them in the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe. It wasn’t until the passing of the Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934 that the United States government gave the St. Croix reservation
lands and formal recognition as a sovereign nation, the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin.
GEOGRAPHY
The lands of the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin are located in several counties of
Northwest Wisconsin. The region has been shaped by many separate periods of ancient
glaciations. Glacial outwash left deposits of gravel and sand where prairie vegetation grew after
the last glacier receded. In other places forests grew to cover much of the area. These pine
forests were harvested to near totality during the “lumberjack” days of the late 1800s and early
1900s. Most of the region today is forested with mixed hardwood trees and thickets of dense
under-brush and vegetation. Rivers run through these forests and the open sandy areas are
dotted with small lakes, marshes, and shallow wetlands. The rivers and streams slope slowly,
making them very suitable for canoeing, boating, fishing, and trapping. The St. Croix River Basin
is one of the four major watersheds in northern Wisconsin and is critical for the local ecosystem,
economy, and supply of clean ground water.
The St. Croix Reservation has no distinct contiguous boundaries and is instead composed of
scattered tracts of land with communities positioned today in the locations of traditional
homelands. The total land area of the Reservation and adjacent tribal properties is 5,274 acres,
consisting of 2,398 acres in trust and 2,876 acres of fee lands (as of January 1, 2020). The
Reservation encompasses eleven different Reservation Communities with Tribal Lands located in
Burnett, Barron, Polk, and Washburn Counties. The five core communities are Sand Lake (Burnett
County), Danbury (Burnett County), Maple Plain (Barron County), Round Lake (Polk County), and
Turtle Lake (Barron and Polk Counties). Tribal communities are separated at their greatest
distance by 60 miles. The Sand Lake Community (Hertel, WI) is located near the geographical
center of the Tribal Communities. The Sand Lake Community is also the location of the majority
of Tribal Government Buildings, some of which include Tribal Council Offices, Health & Dental
Clinics, Tribal Police, Tribal Court, Housing, EPA, Elders, Education, and Head Start.
-8-
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CLIMATE
The climate of the St. Croix Reservation is classified as continental, which is characterized by
warm, short summers and long, cold, snowy winters. Characterizing the continental climatology,
temperatures of 100ºF or higher can occur five months of the year and extremes of 0ºF or below
can occur the remaining seven months. In Burnett County, which contains Tribal Headquarters
and most lands of the St Croix Reservation, the monthly mean temperature varies from 9.7ºF in
January to 69.6ºF in July. Record extremes range from a high of 105ºF to a low of -44ºF.
Snowfall, like temperature, varies with seasonal cycles, ranging from a mean of 0 inches in the
summer months to 10.7 inches in January, with an average yearly total of 53.0 inches.
Precipitation mean per year is 32.64 inches. Prevailing winds are from the west and northwest
from late fall until early spring and southerly the remaining part of the year.
Figure 1: Temperature Variation - Burnett County
Temperature (°F)
JAN
FEB
MAR
82
52
60
21
10
-1
27
15
3
-44
-42
39
28
17
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
Sep
OCT
95
95
69
56
43
15
99
77
65
53
29
105
82
70
58
36
100
79
67
55
32
95
70
58
46
21
88
56
43
31
-2
58
46
35
7
73
40
31
22
-24
-39
Max °F
NOV
Min °F
Mean °F
1-Day Max °F
DEC
60
26
16
7
-40
1-Day Min °F
Source: Midwest Regional Climate Center cli-MATE
Figure 2: Precipitation - Burnett County
Precipitation (Inches)
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
11.1
11.9
11.1
AUG
SEP
OCT
8.9
9.2
3.5
2.7
0.1
OCT
NOV
DEC
4.9
1.7
0.1
4.2
1.3
0.2
NOV
DEC
14.1
8.3
3.3
0.9
0.0
2.6
0.9
0.1
3.9
1.6
0.3
3.7
2.5
0.1
0.6
4.5
4.3
1.4
0.9
Mean (in)
4.5
1.0
High (in)
0.3
Low (in)
Source: Midwest Regional Climate Center cli-MATE
Snowfall (Inches)
Figure 3: Snowfall - Burnett County
JAN
FEB
32.3
34.2
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
41.3
31.0
25.9
10.7
8.0
8.5
8.0
13.0
9.0
14.3
7.0
2.6
14.0
2.0
0.1
Mean (in)
0.0
0.0
High (in)
Source: Midwest Regional Climate Center cli-MATE
-9-
0.0
0.0
1-Day Max (in)
4.6
0.6
6.9
6.0
17.0
11.2
St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
er
v
Cr
int
Sa
Ha
y
Map 1 - St. Croix Reservation Basemap
Tribal Land
5-Mile Buffer of Tribal Land
County Boundary
City/Village Boundary
Town Boundary
E a uC
Ri
San
dCr
eek
C reek
Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan
oi x
Date Exported: 8/23/2021 12:37 PM
Minong
77
53
77
77
48
Danbury
Washburn
35
aka
i
Cro
Na m
S a i nt
r
ive
R
x
go
n
ve
Ri
r
Burnett
Webster
70
Siren
Grantsburg
70
Big
Sand
Lake
Spooner
70
Hertel
Clam
Lake
253
Shell
Lake
Shell
Lake
63
48
Frederic
87
Haugen
Sand
Lake
Luck
48
Milltown
Beaver
Dam
Lake
Big
Round
Lake
Polk
Cumberland
48
87
Rice Lake
Barron
Balsam
Lake
95
Centuria
Balsam
Lake
St. Croix Falls
Almena
8
8
Turtle
Lake
Dresser
Osceola
Amery
65
Clayton
Barron
Cameron
8
la
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
POPULATION
There are 1,061 St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin Tribal Members (as of January 1, 2020).
Table 1 lists Tribal Member population by age group and location of residence - living on,
adjacent to, or off reservation lands. Table 2 lists population change according to decennial
census records. Table 3 indicates forecasted population growth through the year 2040 based on
historical population data.
Table 1: St. Croix Tribal Member Population
Ages
0-17
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-84
85-94
95-109
Total
St. Croix Tribal Member Population by Age Group and Location of Residence
On Reservation
Adjacent to Reservation Off Reservation
Total
Lands
Lands
Lands
74
28
45
147
94
41
69
204
98
46
48
192
77
25
83
185
43
15
21
79
25
16
21
62
27
8
23
58
44
25
41
110
7
4
10
21
2
0
1
3
491
208
362
1,061
Age by %
14%
19%
18%
17%
8%
6%
5%
10%
2%
<1%
100%
Source: St. Croix Tribal Enrollment Office
Table 2: Population
Population, 1990-2010 Census
1990
505
13,084
40,750
34,773
4,891,769
St. Croix Reservation & Trust Lands
Burnett County
Barron County
Polk County
State of Wisconsin
2000
641
15,674
44,963
41,319
5,363,675
Percent
Change
2010
2000-2010
768
19.8%
15,457
-1.4%
45,870
2.0%
44,205
7.0%
5,686,986 6.0%
Number
Change
2000-2010
+127
-217
+907
+2,886
+323,311
Source: U.S. Census Bureau SF 1, DP-1 and QT-P1
Table 3: Population Forecasts
St. Croix Tribe
Burnett County
Barron County
Polk County
State of Wisconsin
2010*
768
15,457
40,750
34,773
5,686,986
Population Forecasts
2015
2020
700
772
15,425
16,155
46,660
48,055
44,390
47,680
5,783,015
6,005080
2025
750
17,125
49,605
50,760
6,203.850
2030
729
17,800
50,640
53,240
6,375,910
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2010* DP-1; Demographic Services Center, WI Department of Administration; NWRPC
- 11 -
2035
707
17,915
50,490
54,230
6,476,270
2040
685
17,425
49,545
53,825
6,491,635
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
HOUSING
The St. Croix Tribal Housing Authority oversees the building, rehabilitation and maintenance of
Tribal homes and apartments. The Housing Authority manages 303 HUD subsidized housing
units, of these 170 are low-rent single family homes. The cost of rent for these units is based on
a percentage of household income. In addition, The Tribe owns four apartment buildings
containing 60 apartments.
The Housing Authority also works with tenants to keep all properties in decent, safe, and
sanitary condition. The Housing Authority addresses concerns regarding residential air quality,
mold, and ventilation, oversees contracts pertaining to pest control, garbage service and snow
removal, facilitates upgrades for accessibility and safety, offers heating assistance, and employs
a logging crew to provide firewood to Tribal homes.
The St. Croix Tribe is committed to expanding and improving housing opportunities in their
communities. They have applied for and received grant monies to finance housing projects.
They are also in the process of considering new construction and rehabilitation of Tribal homes
to ease the burden of homelessness and overcrowding.
Table 4: Rental Homes & Apartment Buildings by Reservation Community
Wisconsin County & Distribution
Burnett County (65%)
Polk County (20%)
Barron County (15%)
Tribal Community
Number of Homes
Number of Apartment Buildings
Danbury
Webster
Sand Lake
Gaslyn Lake
Clam Lake
Shell Lake
Pike Lake
Hertel
Round Lake
Maple Plain
47
31
43
14
6
13
6
2
47
32
1
Source: St. Croix Housing Authority 2021
- 12 -
1
1
1
St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
Sand
Lake
Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan
Map 2 - Structure Locations (Core Communities)
Structure Location
Tribal Land
County Boundary
City/Town Bounday
Date Exported: 10/18/2021 10:17 AM
Big
Sand
Lake
State
Ro
ad
70
70
35
70
HERTEL
Crooked
Lake
2nd Ave
Clam
Lake
Pokegama
Lake
Co
un
35
ty Road B
Maple Plain
27 1/2 Ave
3 1/2 St
26th Ave
26th Ave
Little
Bass
Lake
Danbury
Turtle
Lake
2nd St
25 3/4 Ave
77
State Road 35
Lake 26 Rd
8
County of Polk, WI, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, USDA, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, USDA, County of Polk, WI, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, INCREMENT P, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, INCREMENT P, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA
63
4th St
26 3/4 Ave
St
4th St
4
/
County Highway E
21
26 1/2 Ave
1st St
Sand
Lake
Big
Round
Lake
Kirby
Lake
2 1/2 St
Round
Lake
4th St
County R oad B
25 1/
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Table 5: Housing Occupancy and Tenure
Housing Occupancy
Housing Units
Total Units
St. Croix Reservation and OffReservation Trust Land
Number
Percent
Burnett County, WI
Number
Percent
278
100.0%
15,485
100.0%
Occupied Units
241
20.7%
7,303
47.2%
Vacant Units
37
79.3%
8,182
52.8%
Homeowner Vacancy Rate
0.0%
-
2.2%
-
Renter Vacancy Rate
2.1%
-
3.2%
-
Housing Tenure
Housing Units
St. Croix Reservation and OffReservation Trust Land
Number
Percent
Burnett County, WI
Number
Percent
Total Units
278
100.0%
15,485
100.0%
Occupied
241
47.0%
7,303
47.2%
Owner-Occupied
50
20.7%
5,916
81.0%
Renter-Occupied
Average Household Size of
Owner-Occupied Unit
Average Household Size of
Renter-Occupied Unit
191
79.3%
1,387
19.0%
1.76
-
2.06
-
2.87
-
2.10
-
Source: CP04 2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
The St. Croix Tribe is one of the largest employers in Northwest Wisconsin, employing
approximately 2,500 people. The Tribe is the largest employer in Burnett County, providing one
out of every 7 jobs. The Tribe is also one of the largest employers in Barron County, providing 1
out of every 33 jobs.1 The St. Croix own and operate a variety of Tribal Enterprises, which have a
direct impact on the Tribe and local and state economies. These Tribal Enterprises include St.
Croix Casino & Hotel Turtle Lake, St. Croix Casino Danbury, St. Croix Casino & Hotel Danbury,
Eagles Landing Campground in Danbury, St. Croix Casino Hertel Express in Hertel, St. Croix
Casino Express Convenience Store & St. Croix Tribal Smoke Shop in Hertel, Fourwinds Market in
Siren, and Fourwinds Express Convenience Store in Siren, as well as many commercial rental
properties including Southwinds Plaza in Siren.
According to the 2018 American Community Survey, all income levels on the St. Croix
Reservation are lower than the county levels and much lower than state levels (Table 1). This
disparity is mainly because net earnings from jobs, self-employment and proprietorships are
lower in non-metropolitan areas. Table 2 represents average annual wage and average earnings
1
“Economic Impact of the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin” May 2016 Klas Robinson QED
- 14 -
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
per job near St. Croix Reservation Communities. Average annual wage (wages, salaries, and
proprietor earnings) is the result of total pre-tax industry earnings divided by same-year
industry employment. Earnings are defined as labor-related personal income. Average earnings
per job is the total annual earnings of a regional industry (wages, salaries, profits, benefits, and
other compensation) divided by the number of jobs in the industry.
Table 6: Income Levels and Poverty Rates
Income Levels and Poverty Rates
St. Croix Reservation
Burnett
and Off-Reservation
County
Trust Land
Per Capita Income
$17,616
$28,424
Median Household Income
$36,719
$49,982
Median Family Income
$42,321
$58,960
% Families Below Poverty Level Past 12 Months 23.6%
9.9%
Barron
County
Polk
County
State of
Wisconsin
$28,326
$50,903
$63,284
12.0%
$29,489
$56,932
$68,234
9.8%
$32,018
$59,209
$75,313
7.7%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau DP03 2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Table 7: Average Annual Wage & Average Earnings Per Job
Average Annual Wage & Average Earnings Per Job Near St. Croix Reservation Communities
Zip Code
2019 Jobs
Average Annual Wage
Average Earnings Per Job
Siren, WI (Burnett County) (ZIP 54872)
Webster, WI (Burnett County) (ZIP 54893)
Danbury, WI (Burnett County) (ZIP 54830)
Hertel, WI (Burnett County) (ZIP 54895)
Cumberland, WI (Barron County) (ZIP 54829)
Turtle Lake, WI (Barron County) (ZIP 54889)
Luck, WI (Polk County) (ZIP 54853)
Shell Lake, WI (Washburn County) (ZIP 54871)
1,504
1,190
513
< 10
2,517
1,644
1,124
1,132
$31,391
$33,830
$27,916
Insf. Data
$42,877
$43,792
$34,997
$35,395
$39,140
$43,912
$36,350
Insf. Data
$53,978
$55,010
$43,192
$45,658
Source: Emsi Q2 2020 Data Set
LAND USE
The predominant uses within the St. Croix Reservation and adjacent areas are for timber growth,
agriculture, and recreation. The distance from major metropolitan areas and lack of a booming
industrial center in the area establishes this area as recreational. The St. Croix National Scenic
Riverway is a unit of the National Park Service located on the Namekagon and St. Croix Rivers.
Most of the National Riverway occupies the boundary between Wisconsin and Minnesota, with
the upper St. Croix and Namekagon part of the Riverway occupying portions of the Danbury
Community. The Governor Knowles State Forest extends along the St. Croix River from Danbury
in Burnett County to Wolf Creek in Polk County.
- 15 -
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES
SOLID WASTE AND RECYCLING
There are no licensed solid waste landfills in Burnett County. Burnett County is served by the
Recycling Control Commission, a two-county intergovernmental unit located in Spooner, WI
which was created to provide recycling and waste management services for Burnett and
Washburn Counties. There are three solid waste transfer facilities in Burnett County. The
Oakland Transfer Station (Town of Oakland), the Webb Lake Transfer Station (Town of Webb
Lake), and the Midtown Transfer Station (Town of Meenon). Curbside garbage and recycling pick
up is available for residents in the Villages of Grantsburg, Siren, and Webster. Waste removal
services are provided through private companies. Residents in unincorporated areas can bring
their garbage to solid waste transfer centers or they can contract with private companies for
curbside service. Webster and Siren residents have two solid waste and recycling collection
facilities in their immediate vicinity. The first is the Midtown Transfer Station, which primarily
serves the Siren area for waste disposal and recycling collection. This site is located one-half
mile north of the government center on Midtown Road in the Town of Meenon. The second site
is north of Webster on French Road, approximately one-half mile north of the junction of CTH U
in the Town of Oakland.
Barron County Incinerator and Recycling Center is a Waste to Energy Facility (WTE) in Turtle
Lake, and it is the primary designation for the disposal of solid waste in Barron County. The WTE
powers itself using stream generated during the combustion process and also sells steam
energy directly to Saputo Cheese located near the facility. Excess steam is sold under contract to
Xcel Energy. The Town and City of Rice Lake operate a joint recycling receptacle that is emptied
bi-weekly along with the trash.
Municipalities in Polk County take different approaches to solid waste collection. Some
municipalities have contracted with a private refuse hauler for curbside garbage collection or a
drop-off/dumpster site, while residents in other communities contract directly with the waste
hauler. Depending on contract terms, haulers may offer special services, such as collection of
recyclables, appliances, construction materials, and yard waste. Polk County has a dual stream
source separating facility that offers drop-off of recycling material at bins located throughout
the county. These bins are owned and hauled to the recycling center by Polk County.
Recyclables are also received from local private haulers. The county owned recycling center is
located east of St. Croix Falls, WI.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
The Big Sand Lake/West Hertel Wastewater Treatment Facility was constructed in 2005 and is
located on the St. Croix Reservation, north of Highway 70 near Hertel. The service areas are
south and east of Big Sand Lake and south of Highway 70 on the St. Croix Reservation and
Tribal Fee Land located in Burnett County. The treatments system serves 113 existing and future
residential connections and 14 existing and future commercial/business connections. No nontribal properties, outside communities, or municipalities receive service at this time.
WATER SUPPLY
The Danbury Community is served by a high capacity well that is located half a mile east of
Danbury. The water system is operated and maintained by the Joint Water Quality Commission
of Danbury and St. Croix, a partnership between the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
and Danbury, an unincorporated census-designated place located in Burnett County. The Round
Lake Community has one high capacity well that services seven homes, the rest have private
- 16 -
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
wells. The Maple Plain Community is serviced by two high-capacity wells. Sand Lake has a water
system owned and operated by the Tribe that uses a water tower. Sand Lake also has a
wastewater system. All outlying tribal housing stock and parcels are served by private wells and
a private sewer, either with a traditional drain field or mound system.
ELECTRIC POWER
The majority of Burnett County is served by the Polk-Burnett Electric Co-op or the Northwestern
Wisconsin Electric Company. The remainder of the county is served by Barron Electric
Cooperative and Rural Electric Association. The majority of Barron County is served by Xcel
Energy or Barron Electric Cooperative. The remainder of the county is served by a mix of
providers including Polk-Burnett Electric Cooperative and three municipal utilities in Barron,
Cumberland, and Rice Lake. The majority of Polk County is served by the Polk-Burnett Electric
Cooperative, with two independent electric providers including Northwestern Wisconsin Electric
Company and Xcel Energy serving the remainder of the county.
COMMUNICATIONS
CenturyLink, Inc., Grantsburg Telcom, Sirentel, Lakeland Communications, and Mosaic
Technologies serve the St. Croix Reservation for local telephone communications. There are
multiple companies that are available to supply long distance telephone and Internet services.
Wireless phones are becoming increasingly important to personal and business
communications. Wireless service is available to portions of the St. Croix Reservation.
LAW ENFORCEMENT
The St. Croix Tribal Police Department was certified by the State of Wisconsin in 2002. In 2018,
renovation started at the old site of the Little Turtle Hertel Express Casino and convenience
store. Once completed, the Police Department and the Tribal Courts took occupancy in what is
now the St. Croix Criminal Justice Center. Staff consists of nine Police Officers which include a
Police Chief, Sergeant, K-9, and Drug Investigator, as well as one Office Administrator, two
Dispatchers and one Animal Control Officer (March 2021). The Department has jurisdiction on
trust land located in the three-county area of Burnett, Barron, and Polk Counties, and enforce all
state law and tribal ordinances along with any natural resource violations that occur within the
trust land. The Department handles approximately 4,000 calls for service each year. The
Department works effectively and collaborates with each of the County Sheriff’s Offices on
special projects including Shop with a Cop, Ice Fishing Contest, Christmas with Cops, Cops and
Bobbers and Hunters Safety Programs. The Department also works with the Great Lakes Fish and
Wildlife Commission Game Wardens, which enforce all off-reservation ceded territory violations.
The Department has mutual aid agreements with the following village departments: Grantsburg,
Siren, Shell Lake and the Native American Drug and Gang Initiative Task Force (NADGI). NADGI
involves all tribes in Wisconsin and designate officers to work gang and drug problems within
the boundaries of any tribal land in the state. It is the first Native American Task Force
developed in the United States having all Tribes from one state represented.
FIRE AND RESCUE
The St. Croix Tribal/Hertel Fire Department is a volunteer fire department located in Hertel and
also services the southern half of the Town of Sand Lake.
HEALTH CARE
The St. Croix Tribal Health Clinic was established in 2000. Its main location is located at the
geographic center of the St. Croix Reservation lands in the Reservation Community of Sand Lake
(Hertel, WI). A satellite clinic is located in the Round Lake Community (Luck, WI). Available
- 17 -
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
health care services include general health care, pharmacy, dental, optometry, podiatry, mental
health, community health, maternal child health, Women, Infants and Children (WIC) programs,
Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse (AODA) programs, and transportation services.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
St. Croix youth are dispersed amongst eight public schools located in communities adjacent to
reservation lands. These districts and their 2020-21 enrollments are (St. Croix Tribal Education
Department):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cumberland School District (43 students/4.3% of student body)
Grantsburg School District (19 students/1.0% of student body)
Luck School District (11 students/2.5% of student body)
Shell Lake School District (40 students/5.7% of student body)
Siren School District (135 students/28.0% of student body)
Spooner Area School District (45 students/3.9% of student body)
Unity School District (74 students/7.9% of student body)
Webster School District (112 students/17.0% of student body)
St. Croix Tribal Head Start serves children ages 3 to 5 years who live in and around the St. Croix
communities (with Native American preference given). The mission of St. Croix Tribal Head Start
is to care for and educate children in a positive and encouraging environment reflecting Ojibwe
culture where children and families feel safe and respected.
Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa Community College (LCOOCC) is one of two tribal colleges in
Wisconsin (Wisconsin Tribal Colleges). LCOOCC has a main campus in Hayward and four
outreach sites at Hertel, Bayfield, Odanah, and Lac du Flambeau. It is regionally accredited by
the Higher Learning Commission and offers certificates and associate degree programs, adult
basic or remedial instruction, and high school equivalent diplomas. Formal articulation and
transfer agreements with University of Wisconsin, University of Minnesota, and other public
colleges add future value to an LCOOCC degree. Annually, enrollment averages 550 students,
and more than one-third of students are enrolled at the outreach sites which provide education
services to four nearby tribes: St. Croix, Red Cliff, Bad River, and Lac du Flambeau. More than
70% of students are American Indian. The College maintains an open-door policy with both
traditional and non-traditional students attending. The average age of an LCOOCC student is 34.
Smaller class sizes lead to more individualized attention and support; the student-to-faculty
ratio is consistently ten-to-one.
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WSCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CRITICAL AND VULNERABLE FACILITIES
A critical facility provides services and functions essential to a community, especially during and after a disaster. Examples of critical
facilities include police, fire, emergency medical services and government administration facilities. Vulnerable facilities are those that may
represent a substantial hazard to human life in the event of failure, such as schools, churches, and other assembly areas. Vulnerable
facilities also include facilities of historic, cultural, or economic significance. Locations of critical and vulnerable facilities of the St. Croix
Tribe are identified in Map 3.
ST. CROIX TRIBE CRITICAL FACILITIES
Facility
St. Croix Tribal Center
St. Croix Tribal Health Clinic - Main
St. Croix Tribal Health Clinic – Round Lake
St. Croix Tribal Police Department
St. Croix Tribal-Hertel Fire Department
St. Croix Tribal Food Distribution
Sand Lake Nutrition Site
Sand Lake Community Center
Danbury Community Center
Maple Plain Community Center
Round Lake Community Center
Communications Tower
Communications Tower
Water Tower
Wastewater Treatment
Pump House
Pump House
Community
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Round Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Danbury
Maple Plain
Round Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Maple Plain
Location
24663 Angeline Avenue, Webster
4404 State Highway 70, Webster
2221 60th St, Luck
4384 State Highway 70, Webster
24689 Angeline Avenue, Webster
24685 Angeline Avenue, Webster
4460 State Highway 70, Webster
24663 Angeline Avenue, Webster
7530 Riversmeet Road, Danbury
247 25 3/4 Avenue, Cumberland
2222 County Road E, Luck
24674 Angeline Avenue, Webster
24774 Eagle Feather Drive, Webster
24774 Eagle Feather Drive, Webster
24774 Eagle Feather Drive, Webster
4086 Ojibwa Drive, Webster
2581 2 1/2 Street, Cumberland
- 19 -
Function
Government Offices, Emergency Response
Public Health, Emergency Response
Public Health, Emergency Response
Public Safety, Emergency Response
Public Safety, Emergency Response
Food Distribution
Nutrition Site
Community Center, Information & Resources
Nutrition Site, Community Center, Information & Resources
Community Center, Information & Resources
Community Center, Information & Resources
Communications
Communications - Tribal Police & Burnett County Emergency Services
Public Utilities
Public Utilities
Public Utilities
Public Utilities
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WSCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
ST. CROIX TRIBE VULNERABLE FACILITIES
Facility
Traditional Medicine Building
St. Croix Education Building
St. Croix Tribal Head Start
St. Croix Tribal EPA Office
St. Croix Tribal Roads & Construction
St. Croix Tribal Fish Hatchery
Fish Hatchery Ponds
Aquaculture Facility
Annex Training Building
St. Croix Tribal Gaming Commission
St. Croix Casino - Hertel
St. Croix Casino - Hertel Amphitheater
St. Croix Casino - Hertel Campground
St. Croix Casino - Turtle Lake
St. Croix Casino - Turtle Lake Hotel
St. Croix Casino - Turtle Lake Powwow Grounds
St. Croix Casino - Turtle Lake Campground
St. Croix Casino - Danbury
St. Croix Lodge
Eagles Landing Campground
Round Lake Ceremonial Grounds
Round Lake Apartment Building
Round Lake Elder Apartment Building
Community
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Gaslyn
Danbury
Turtle Lake
Turtle Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
Turtle Lake
Turtle Lake
Turtle Lake
Turtle Lake
Danbury
Danbury
Danbury
Round Lake
Round Lake
Round Lake
Location
24844 Angeline Avenue, Webster
4424 State Highway 70, Webster
3792 State Highway 70, Webster
3796 State Highway 70, Webster
24674 Angeline Avenue, Webster
24663 Angeline Avenue, Webster
27144 Bearheart Drive, Webster
30335 Minerva Dam Road, Danbury
320 Industrial Ave, Turtle Lake
123 Ostemann Drive, Turtle Lake
4348 Highway 70, Webster
4348 Highway 70, Webster
4380 Highway 70, Webster
777 Highway 8/63, Turtle Lake
777 Highway 8/63, Turtle Lake
100 Tamarack Street, Turtle Lake
100 Tamarack Street, Turtle Lake
30222 Highway 35/77, Danbury
Across parking lot from St. Croix Casino - Danbury
30158 Highway 35, Danbury
2211 County Road E
616 225th Avenue, Luck
608 225th Avenue, Luck
Fourwinds Market Complex
Sand Lake
7389 Airport Road, Siren
Southwinds Plaza
Sand lake
24670 Highway 35/70
- 20 -
Function
Public Health
Education
Education
Environmental/Natural Resources, Utilities
Maintenance, Safety, Hazardous Materials Storage
Natural Resources
Natural Resources
Natural Resources
Employee Training, HR, Benefits, Uniforms for Casinos
Gaming Compliance
Gaming, Travel Plaza, Convenience Store, Restaurant
Entertainment Venue
RV Camping
Gaming, Lodging, Restaurant, Meeting Facility
Lodging
Ceremonial, Cultural
RV/Tent Camping
Gaming, Lodging, Restaurant, Meeting Facility
Lodging
RV/Tent Camping
Seasonal Camping, Ceremonial, Cultural
Multi-Family Housing
Elder Housing
Grocery Store, Bottle Shop, Convenience Store,
Carwash, Fast Food Restaurant
St. Croix Tribal Economic Development Corporation,
Commercial Rental Property
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WSCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Historic Sites
The St. Croix Tribe and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) maintain a list of the historic sites located on Tribal Land. The specific site
locations are restricted to protect them as unique places of archeological significance. This list is not available to the public but is available
to the St. Croix Tribe for emergency purposes. Historic structures, sites, and districts are often targeted for hazard mitigation strategies due
to their unique, often irreplaceable social value.
ST. CROIX TRIBE HISTORIC SITES
Historic Sites by Community
Danbury
Sand Lake
Clam Lake
Number of Sites
9
2
3
Historic Sites by Community
Maple Plain
Round Lake
Gaslyn Lake
Number of Sites
1
1
1
Non-Tribal Critical and Vulnerable Facilities
Non-tribal critical and vulnerable facilities which are important to the St. Croix Tribe include county and town governments and 911
communication centers. These locations are not included in Map 3, but location addresses are found in the table below.
NON-TRIBAL CRITICAL AND VULNERABLE FACILITIES
Facility
Burnett County Government Center
Barron County Government Center
Barron County Justice Center
Polk County Government Center
Polk County Justice Center
Dewey Town Hall
Siren Town Hall
Swiss Town Hall
Rusk Town Hall
Maple Plain Town Hall
Meenon Town Hall
Georgetown Town Hall
Johnstown Town Hall
LaFollette Town Hall
Sand Lake Town Hall
Community
Bashaw, Clam Lake, Danbury, Gaslyn, Pike Lake, Sand Lake
Maple Plain
Maple Plain
Round Lake
Round Lake
Bashaw
Clam Lake
Danbury
Gaslyn
Maple Plain
Pike Lake
Round Lake
Round Lake
Sand Lake
Sand Lake
- 21 -
Location
7410 County Highway K, Siren
335 E Monroe Avenue, Barron
1420 State Highway 25 North
100 Polk County Plaza, Balsam Lake
1005 West Main Street, Balsam Lake
24433 Town Hall Road, Hertel
7240 S. Long Lake Road, Siren
7551 Main Street, Danbury
25195 County Road H, Spooner
393 26th Avenue, Cumberland
7396 Krueger Road, Webster
1847 100th Street, Balsam Lake
2181 20th Street, Comstock
24184 Malone Road, Webster
5364 County Road X, Webster
Function
Mutual Aid, 911 Communications Center
Mutual Aid
911 Communications Center
Mutual Aid
911 Communications Center
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
Government Offices, Mutual Aid
St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
Sand
Lake
Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan
Map 3 - St. Croix Tribe Critical and Vulnerable Facilities
Community Asset
Tribal Land
Cultural/Historical Asset
County Boundary
Economic Asset
Town Bounday
Government Asset
City/Village Boundary
Infrastructure Asset
Natural Resource/Recreational Asset
Date Exported: 1/13/2022 1:19 PM
Big
Sand
Lake
Stat
eR
oa
d7
0
15
70
35
10
2
11
22
24 17
14
3
9
6 23
4
5 12 1 13 8 25
18
21
19
20
16 7
70
Crooked
Lake
1. St. Croix Tribal Health Clinic - Main
2. Traditional Medicine Building
3. St. Croix Tribal Food Distribution
4. St. Croix Tribal Education Building
5. Sand Lake Nutrition Site
6. Sand Lake Community Center
7. St. Croix Tribal Head Start
8. St. Croix Casino - Hertel
9. St. Croix Casino - Hertel Amphitheatre
10. Fourwinds Market Complex
11. Southwinds Plaza
12. St. Croix Tribal Center
13. St. Croix Tribal Police Department
14. St. Croix-Hertel Fire Department
15. Burnet County Government Center
16. St. Croix Tribal EPA Office
17. St. Croix Tribal Roads and Construction
18. Water Tower
19. Wastewater Treatment
20. Pump House
21. Communications Tower
22. Communications Tower
23. Hazardous Materials Storage
24. St. Croix Tribal Fish Hatchery
25. St. Croix Casino - Hertel Campground
Clam
Lake
2nd Ave
HERTEL
Pokegama
Lake
Co
un
ty Road B
County R oad B
Round
Lake
42
4th St
60th St
35
Maple Plain
27 1/2 Ave
Kirby
Lake
Big
Round
Lake
39 40
Sand
Lake
1 st S t
43
2 1/2 St
41
St. Croix
Reservation
26 3/4 Ave
26 1/2 Ave
Little
Bass
Lake
26th Ave
39. St. Croix Tribal Health Clinic - Round Lake
40. Round Lake Community Center
41. Round Lake Apartment Building
42. Round Lake Elder Apartment Building
43. Round Lake Ceremonial Grounds
25 3/4 Ave
26
26. Maple Plain Community Center
27. Pump House
2nd St
Danbury
26th Ave
27
Turtle
Lake
28. St. Croix Casino - Turtle Lake Powwow Grounds
29. St. Croix Casino - Turtle Lake
30. St. Croix Casino -Turtle Lake Hotel
31. Annex Training Building
32. St. Croix Tribal Gaming Commission
33. St. Croix Casino - Turtle Lake Campground
Lake 26 Rd
77
State Road 35
34
36
35
37
33
28
29
38
34. Danbury Community Center
35. St. Croix Casino - Danbury
36. St. Croix Lodge
37. Aquaculture Facility
38. Eagles Landing Campground
County of Polk, WI, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, USDA, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, USDA, County of Polk, WI, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, INCREMENT P, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA, Esri Canada, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, INCREMENT P, METI/NASA, USGS, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA
8
8
30
63
32
31
63
25 1/
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
OVERVIEW
The purpose of a capability assessment is to determine the ability of a local jurisdiction to
implement a comprehensive mitigation strategy, and to identify potential opportunities for
establishing or enhancing specific mitigation policies, programs, or projects. The capability
assessment is also intended to provide comprehensive overview of the agencies, organizations,
plans and regulatory instruments available to assist the local jurisdiction in future hazard
mitigation and emergency response efforts.
PRE-DISASTER CAPABILITIES
The St. Croix Tribal Emergency Management Department and the Tribal Emergency Response
Committee (TERC) utilize planning, training, and coordination to continually develop the Tribe’s
mitigation and preparedness capabilities in partnership with federal, state, and local
governments.
POST-DISASTER CAPABILITIES
The St. Croix Tribal Emergency Management Department and the Tribal Emergency Response
Committee (TERC) utilize planning, training, and coordination to continually develop the Tribe’s
response and recovery capabilities in partnership with federal, state, and local governments.
PRE AND POST-DISASTER RESOURCES
The St. Croix has access to a number of federal, state, and local resources to aid in pre-disaster
mitigation and post-disaster response and recovery. The following agencies and organizations
provide one or more critical functions relative to disaster preparedness or response and
recovery. Critical services provided to the St. Croix Tribe are identified under the bulleted
headings.
FEDERAL RESOURCES
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
Great Lakes Agency, 916 Lake Shore Drive West, Ashland, Wisconsin 54806
• Responsible for the government-to-government relationship for 10 of the 11 Tribes in
Wisconsin including 6 Bands of Lake Superior Chippewa, and 4 additional Tribes
• Provides guidance and technical assistance to tribes, tribal organizations, and agencies
in the implementation of all aspects of Public Law 93-638, as amended
• Assists in the management, development, and protection of trust land and natural
resource assets
• Ensures the protection of property and natural resources from wildland fires and
provides forest management support with prescribed fires, wildland fire cleanup,
hazardous fuels reduction, and funding for fuels reduction projects
• Processes fee-to-trust applications
• Provides real estate services
• Assures compliance with applicable environmental and cultural resource statutes
• Administers the BIA Water Resource Programs and the BIA Safety of Dams Program
• Administers the Housing Improvement Program (HIP)
• Administers the Tribal Transportation Program (TTP) jointly with the Federal Highway
Administration
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
•
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Administers the Tribal Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Program. Potential
projects include preventing and controlling invasive species, reducing nonpoint pollution
impacts, restoring culturally significant species and habitats, and building tribal capacity.
The St. Croix Tribe has received BIA GLRI funding for wild rice restoration and carp
removal, wetland enhancement, walleye monitoring and restoration, aquatic invasive
species prevention, and tribal capacity building
Indian Health Service (IHS)
Rhinelander District Office, 9A South Brown Street, Rhinelander, WI 54501
Ashland Field Office, 2800 Lake Shore Drive E, Ashland, WI 54806
• Delivers federal health care services to the St. Croix Tribe
• Provides technical assistance and training (environmental health, healthy homes, safe
drinking water, food safety, and vector-borne and communicable diseases, etc.)
• Provides professional architectural, engineering, project management, and acquisition
services for tribal construction projects, and is available to review building infrastructure
plans for new tribal construction or renovation
• Provides technical and financial assistance for development, construction, and continued
operation of safe water, wastewater, and solid waste systems and related support
facilities. IHS is also available to assist tribes during sanitation facilities emergencies.
• Implements a scattered sites program on the St. Croix Reservation for sewer and water
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
FEMA Region 5, 536 S Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60605
• Administers several mitigation grants programs
• Administers the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
• Offers general guidance and technical assistance in the development of hazard
mitigation plans
• Provides funding for pre-disaster mitigation and disaster response and recovery
• Provided response and recovery assistance following the 2019 tornado and high wind
event that occurred in the Round Lake Community
• Provides incident command system trainings. FEMA has provided incident command
trainings at the St. Croix Casino
Army National Guard and Air National Guard
Units across state
• A reserve component of the United States Armed Forces. Membership is in both the
National Guard and in the U.S. Army or Air Force
• Responds to the Governor of Wisconsin for state emergencies or the call of the President
in times of crisis. During the height of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the National
Guard conducted local Covid-19 testing on the St. Croix Cliff Reservation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333
• Monitors and coordinates response activities during a public health emergency,
including disease outbreaks and natural disasters
• Ensures that critical medicines and medical supplies are available during emergencies
• Regulates biological agents and toxins to protect health and safety
• Provides funding, building capacity, technical assistance, and health education
• Available to the Tribe for training and clinic assistance
- 24 -
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Eastern Woodlands Office of Native American Programs, 77 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604
• Implements the Indian Community Development Block Grant (ICDBG) Program which
provides both competitive and assistance programs to tribes for the creation of
decent housing, suitable living environments, and economic opportunities primarily
for persons with low-and moderate-incomes. ICDBG Imminent Threat Grants provide
funds to address issues that have an immediate negative impact on public health or
safety of tribal residents
National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC)
St. Paul Region Office, 408 St. Peter Street Suite 145, St. Paul, MN 55102
• Monitors and provides technical assistance, training, and support to tribal gaming
facilities and regulators to ensure facilities are operating in a manner which adequately
protects the environment and public health and safety. NIGC provided public health and
safety guidance during the Covid-19 pandemic
National Park Service (NPS)
St. Croix National Scenic Riverway Park Headquarters, 401 N Hamilton Street, St. Croix Falls WI
54204
• Manages the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway
• Implements a prescribed fire program for the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway
• Controls invasive species in the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway
• St. Croix Tribal Police Dept has a rescue boat that is available to assist with river rescue
within the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service
(NWS)
NWS Forecast Office, 5027 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811
• Monitors atmospheric conditions and issues weather forecasts and storm warnings
• Administers the StormReady Program
• Provides storm spotter training classes. Spotters reports are relayed to the Weather
Service to track storms and alert the public to dangerous weather situations. The St.
Croix Casino participates in storm spotter trainings
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Eau Claire Area Office, 1310 W Clairemont Avenue, Eau Claire, WI 54701
• Sets and enforces standards for safe and healthy working conditions by providing
training, outreach, education, and assistance, (how to prepare and train for emergencies
in the workplace, hazards to be aware of in an emergency, etc.)
• Can be activated by FEMA to provide technical assistance, support, and coordination on
emergency preparedness, planning, response, and recovery activities involving
hazardous substances, pollutants and contaminants, oil, and weapons of mass
destruction in natural and technological disasters and other environmental incidents of
national significance
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
US EPA Region 5 Office, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60604
• Develops and enforces federal environmental regulations
- 25 -
ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
•
•
•
•
•
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Provides grant funding for environmental projects and programs including Clean Water,
Clean Air, Brownfields, GLRI, and a general assistance program
Studies environmental issues
Educates the public on environmental issues
Lead federal agency for administering the GLRI. Receives and distributes GLRI funds to
several federal agencies for restoration activities and projects in the Great Lakes. The EPA
Great Lakes National Program Office also implements GLRI funded restoration activities
Regulatory authority for the Sand Lake Community water and sewer system and the
Maple Plain Community water and sewer system
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
St. Paul District, 180 5th Street East, Suite 700, St. Paul, MN 55101
• Assists local communities in flood response activities and cost share in the repair of
flood protection structures
• Issues permits for work in wetlands and navigable rivers
• Implements environmental restoration programs to improve fish and wildlife habitat
• Responsible for emergency response operations following natural disasters
• Oversees recreation activities at Corps facilities and reservoirs including campgrounds,
day-use areas, boat ramps and swimming beaches
• Performs water-related planning activities and activities related to the study, design and
construction of water resource development projects located primarily on tribal lands
through the Tribal Partnership Program (TPP). In 2018 St. Croix and USACE entered a
feasibility cost-share agreement to conduct a feasibility study on Big Sand Lake to
address concerns of shoreline erosion and to determine and compare alternative
methods for achieving restoration.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS)
Spooner Service Center, 800 N Front Street Spooner, WI 54801
• Administers the Emergency Watershed Restoration Program
• Soil inventory and mapping, GIS data
• Administers the Conservation Stewardship Program, Environmental Quality Incentives
Program (EQIP) projects debris cleanup, wild rice restoration, trail, and road maintenance
United States Department of Commerce, First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet)
• Chartered in 2012, ensures the building, deployment, and operation of the nationwide
broadband network to improve public safety communications
• FirstNet is different from other carriers as it has a dedicated public safety core that
routes FirstNet traffic. It also encrypts network traffic within the core, creating the highly
secure environment public safety requires. AT&T is the nationwide contractor for the
FirstNet system
United States Department of Justice (US DOJ)
950 Pennsylvania Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530
• Provides grant funding to improve tribal criminal justice and public safety needs
• Provides training and technical assistance to further tribal justice system efforts,
including community analysis, strategic planning, workshops, online tools, on-site
technical assistance, multi-disciplinary training events, prescription drug monitoring
assistance, and methamphetamine prevention opportunities
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
STATE RESOURCES
Wisconsin Emergency Management (WEM)
Northwest Region, 2400 Wright Street, PO Box 7865, Madison, WI 53707
• Administers the mitigation portion of 44 CFR for Wisconsin
• Coordinates with other state agencies on mitigation issues
• Administers federal and state hazard mitigation grant funding opportunities
• Provides technical assistance for hazard mitigation planning and projects
• Provides public information and education initiatives
Wisconsin Department of Administration (DOA)
101 Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703
• Administers Community Development Block Grants (CBDG) which provide emergency
assistance to local governments that experience a natural disaster, funding up to 75% of
projects. CDBG can help fund hazard shelters, structural retrofits, reconstruction/repair,
housing rehabilitation/upgrading, acquisition, and community improvement prior to or
as a result of hazard impacts
• Administers the Home Investment Partnerships Program which provides funds to
support rental rehabilitation, weatherization related repairs, accessibility improvements
and rental housing development
Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT)
1701 N 4th Street, Superior, WI 54880
• Administers emergency highway aid programs in Wisconsin
• Established the Inter-Tribal Task Force which serves as a policy advisory group for
transportation related matters that have potential to impact tribal communities
• Hosts an annual tribal transportation conference that features presentations on safety,
business and labor, cultural and environmental and general transportation programs
• The conference brings together industry, tribal, federal, and state officials
• Provides technical assistance to communities performing damage assessments to
infrastructure after a disaster
• Manages state roads and highways
• Implements the Intelligent Transportation System for the State of Wisconsin
• Provides grant funding opportunities for repair and/or mitigation of roads damaged by
or vulnerable to damage by hazardous events
Public Service Commission of Wisconsin (PSC)
610 N Whitney Way, Madison, WI 53705
• Incorporates disaster resilience into the regulation of gas, electric, water and
telecommunication utilities
• Regulates the Danbury water and sewer system
Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS)
1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703
• Provides public health services for people in Wisconsin
• Supports community mental health and substance use programs and runs facilities
providing services for mental health and intellectual disabilities
• Provides access to health care, long-term care, and nutritional assistance for individuals
and families who are elderly
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
•
•
•
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Leads a statewide initiative to identify, recruit, and train state, regional, and local
Functional Assessment Service Teams (FAST) in sheltering people who have been
displaced from their homes during a disaster
Responds and coordinates with Wisconsin Emergency Management
Licenses health care facilities, including hospitals, nursing homes, community based
residential facilities (CBRFs)
Northwood Technical College
Rice Lake Campus, 1900 College Drive, Rice Lake, WI 54868
Balsam Lake Outreach Center, 400 Polk County Plaza, Balsam Lake, WI 54810
• Offers career-focused associate degree programs, technical diplomas, short-term
certificates, personal, academic, and career counseling, academic support, and career
planning
• Offers customized trainings including, but not limited to healthcare trainings (Basic and
Advanced Disaster, Life Support, CPR and First Aid, Human Patient Simulator, and ICD10) and public safety and emergency services trainings (EMS, Fire and Rescue Services,
and Law Enforcement). St Croix Casino utilizes the campus for EMR and OSHA classes,
the St. Croix Police Department utilizes the campus for law enforcement classes
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR)
Spooner Service Center, 810 W Maple Street, Spooner, WI 54801
Eau Claire Service Center, 1300 W Clairemont Avenue, Eau Claire, WI 54701
• Regulates and enforces several state statutes relating to natural resources on non-tribal
lands
o NR 115 establishes shoreline protection standards
o NR 116 requires local floodplain mapping and zoning in compliance with state
floodplain standards (2’ above base flood elevation and no development in
floodway)
o NR 117 requires local adoption of state wetland maps and zoning in compliance
with state wetland setback and preservation standards
• Manages the Municipal Flood Control and Riparian Restoration Program
• Assists with acquisition of property, vacant land, structure removal, flood-proofing,
administrative support, and others
• Manages the Urban Forestry Technical Assistance and Grants which provide matching
grant funds for urban forestry projects
• Provides Fire Suppression Technical Assistance, Grant program and Regulation:
Protection of forestlands and providing grant programs addressing fire suppression.
• Provides technical support for computer-based mapping of floodplains and wetlands as
a low-cost alternative for local communities that lack floodplain maps
• Regulatory authority for the Danbury water and sewer system
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
ST. CROIX TRIBAL GOVERNMENT
St. Croix Tribal Council
• Establishes policies and legislation
• Fiscal approval authority for designated expenditures relative to hazard mitigation
• Creates and appoints advisory committees and boards
• Authorizes the development and approval of the Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Primary Tribal contact in government-to-government relationships and negotiations
• Communicates with state and federal agencies on issues related to hazard mitigation
and emergency response
St. Croix Tribal Legal Department
• Represents the Tribe in business negotiations, real estate transactions and relationships
with state and federal agencies
• Supports other Tribal Departments when legal assistance is needed
• Drafts legal ordinances
• Prosecutes violations of Tribal Ordinances
• Reviews contracts
• Reviews and approves St. Croix Tribal Police Department policies and procedures
St. Croix Tribal Economic Development Corporation
• Oversees economic development planning in the St. Croix Tribal Community region,
with a focus on proactively planning for community growth and infrastructure needs
St. Croix Tribal Emergency Management Department
• Utilizes planning, training, and coordination to develop the mitigation, preparedness,
response, and recovery capabilities of the Tribe
• Manages and implements the St. Croix Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Implements the actions outlined in the Emergency Operations Plan
St. Croix Tribal Safety Department
• Manages the safety policies for the Tribe
• Provides training for employees of the Tribe on areas such as the operation of fire
extinguishers, injury prevention, workplace safety and more
St. Croix Tribal/Hertel Fire Department
• Volunteer Fire Department which responds to emergencies on the St. Croix Reservation
in addition to portions of the Towns of Sand Lake, Dewey, and LaFollette
• Provides mutual aid to surrounding municipal fire departments and the Wisconsin DNR
St. Croix Tribal Police Department
• Holds jurisdiction on trust land located in the three-county area of Burnett, Barron, and
Polk Counties
• Enforces all state laws and tribal ordinances along with any natural resource violations
that occur within the trust land
• Mutual aid agreements with Grantsburg, Siren, Shell Lake and the Native American Drug
and Gang Initiative (NADGI) Task Force
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
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St. Croix Health and Human Services
St. Croix Tribal Health Clinic – Main Location (Sand Lake Community), 4404 State Highway 70,
Webster, WI 54893
St. Croix Tribal Health Clinic (Round Lake Community), 2221 60th Street, Luck, WI 54853
• Offers medical, dental, optical, pharmaceutical, behavioral, and community health, and
family services. The principal service area includes Barron, Burnett, Polk, Sawyer and
Washburn Counties and neighboring Pine County, Minnesota. Additionally, the St. Croix
Tribal Health Clinic will provide care for any enrolled St. Croix Tribal Member or Tribal
Member descendant, regardless of residence
• Responds and coordinates with St. Croix Tribal Emergency Management, Burnett County
Emergency Management, Barron County Emergency Management, Polk County
Emergency Management, and the American Red Cross during emergency events
St. Croix Tribal Grants Department
• Assists Tribal Departments, Program Directors, staff, and community members in
planning program initiatives, designing projects, and identifying funding opportunities
• Assists the St. Croix Tribal Council and Tribal Program Directors in developing grant
applications that are sound, sustainable, and meet the goals and vision of the Tribe
• Assists with grant administration and helps ensure grant compliance
St. Croix Intergovernmental Affairs Office
• Works by consultation, coordination and collaboration with government partners and
agencies on a municipal, county, state, and federal level to ensure that the Tribe’s
interests are represented, coordinated, and monitored at all government levels
• Supports governmental affairs, advocacy, outreach, communication, policy development,
media relations, and tribal representation to agencies and organizations
St. Croix Tribal Construction Department
• Provides maintenance and routine repairs for Tribal vehicles and equipment
St. Croix Tribal Roads Department
• Oversees the maintenance, construction, and safety of tribal roads and infrastructure
within the St. Croix Tribal Reservation Communities
• Assists neighboring municipalities, county and state agencies and the federal
government in providing St. Croix Communities with safe, passable, and well-maintained
roads
• Constructs safety projects. A walking path was constructed from the St. Croix Casino
Danbury to Eagle’s Landing campground and are constructing a walking path in the
Round Lake Community
St. Croix Tribal Security
• Responsible for the safety of all Tribal Government buildings and grounds, and the
safety of all employees, visitors, and community members
• Responsible for St. Croix property protection both during and after business hours
• Responsible for coordinating trainings such as tornado and fire drills
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
St. Croix Tribal Registration and Conservation Department
• Protects and restores traditional foods, medicines, and spiritual resources in order to
support the culture of the St. Croix Tribe
• Assists Tribal Members in traditional harvesting and hunting activities, including
participation in spring inland fish harvest, guidance in wild rice and wild plant harvests in
ceded territories, and registration of wildlife harvested
St. Croix Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO)
• Established in 2000 to identify, interpret, preserve, and promote the culture and heritage
of the St. Croix Tribe
• Under the National Historic Preservation Act, Section 106, the Department is responsible
for the protection and management of archaeological, historical, and cultural resources.
Prior to any development of tribal lands, the Department conducts an inventory of
historical records to minimize the disturbance of important sites and to prevent the
desecration of burials
• Documents the history of the St. Croix Tribe, including the oral traditions that have been
passed down from generation to generation
St. Croix Environmental and Natural Resources Department
• Responsibilities include water quality monitoring, indoor air quality monitoring, walleye
restoration, recycling and examining lands complicated with the possible presence of
hazardous substances to help preserve, restore, and enhance the land, water, and
resources with respect to St. Croix’s traditional uses
• Provides technical assistance, education, and outreach
• Oversees the General Assistance Program (GAP) and Geographical Information Systems
(GIS). These programs assist in planning and developing environmental protection
programs and storing environmental data
• Completes National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) reporting
• Fee-to-trust land applications
St. Croix Tribal Utilities Department
• Manages, operates, and maintains the water and wastewater systems for the Sand Lake,
Danbury, and Maple Plain Communities
• Responsible for any needed residential and commercial water testing on the Reservation
St. Croix Tribal Housing Authority
• Works to develop, operate and maintain rental homes and apartments with federal grant
funding from HUD and other federal programs when available
• Maintains Tribal homes with funding provided by the St. Croix Tribe, and can provide
maintenance and services to Tribal Members living off Reservation lands
• Provides services including energy assistance, emergency services, rental assistance,
referral to outside resources and partner agencies, rental assistance for college students,
snow removal, wood for heating, handyman services, and lawn care assistance for elder
and disabled residents
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St. Croix Tribal Education Department
• Pre-k through high school graduation programs:
o St. Croix Tribal Head Start serves children age 3-4 living in and around the St.
Croix Communities (with Native American preference given)
o Johnson O’Malley Program provides educational staff who are employed in
regional public school districts to support Native American Students
o St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin Tribal Tutors Program provides
supplemental educational assistance to K-12 students
o School Clothes Program supplies Tribal Members and First Degree descendants
with assistance to purchase school clothing
o St. Croix T.R.A.I.L.S Youth Program (Traditions Respecting American Indian
Lifestyle Choices) provides activities for the prevention of substance abuse. The
program teaches healthy life skills, educates youth on a good diet, diabetes
prevention, and addiction avoidance
• Higher education programs:
o St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin Tribal Scholarship Program provides a
monthly living stipend, rental assistance and tuition, books and fees assistance to
eligible recipients attending an institution of higher education
Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe Community College
St. Croix Outreach Site, 4424 West Highway 70, Webster, WI 54893
• Provides Anishinaabe communities with post-secondary and continuing education while
advancing the language, culture, and history of the Ojibwe
• Technical resources, including GIS capabilities, which could aid in hazard mitigation
planning and disaster response/recovery efforts
St. Croix Tribal Community Centers
Danbury Community Center, 30335 W Minerva Dam Road, Danbury, WI 54830
Maple Plain Community Center, 247 25 3/4 Avenue, Cumberland, WI 54829
Round Lake Community Center, 2222 County Road E, Luck, WI 54853
St. Croix Tribal Center, 24663 Angeline Avenue, Webster, WI 54893
Sand Lake Ceremonial Center, 24844 Angeline Avenue, Webster, WI 54893
• Community Coordinators are available at each location to provide information and
connections for tribal employment, services, and resources, and to post notices, flyers,
and community calendars. They also provide document services (copy, scan, and fax),
and internet access for community members
• Hosts cultural activities, regalia classes, arts and crafts, student and youth activities,
movie nights, guest speakers, tutoring, fundraising activities, elder bingo, fitness
activities, clubs, community events, and potluck dinners
• The Danbury and Sand Lake Community Centers provide daily elders lunches through
the Tribal Nutrition Program. Non-tribal and non-elders are welcome for a small cost
St. Croix Casinos
St. Croix Casino Turtle Lake, 777, Highway 8 Turtle Lake, WI 54889
St. Croix Casino Danbury, State Highway 35/77, Danbury, WI 54830
St. Croix Casino Hertel, State Highway 70, Webster, WI 54893
• Available for use in pre- and post-disaster situations
• St. Croix Casino Danbury was utilized as an isolation center during the COVID-19
pandemic
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
COUNTY GOVERNMENT
County Board of Supervisors
• Establishes county policies
• Fiscal approval authority for designated county expenditures relative to hazard
mitigation. May enter into cooperative agreements with adjoining jurisdictions, including
the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin
• Communicates with tribal, state, and federal agencies on issues related to hazard
mitigation and emergency response
County Emergency Management
• Utilizes effective planning, training, and coordination to continually develop the county’s
mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities
• Manages and implements the County Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Coordinates the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
• Coordinates with St. Croix on hazard mitigation planning and implementation
County Ambulance Services
Burnett County: North Memorial Ambulance
Barron County: Cumberland Memorial Hospital Ambulance
Polk County: Northland Municipal Ambulance
• Serves portions of the St. Croix Reservation
County Sheriff’s Department
• Provides support and mutual aid to the St. Croix Tribe
• Participates in public warning activities
County Highway Department
• Maintains the county trunk highway system, including county roads on the St. Croix
Reservation
• Performs road construction and maintenance, snow plowing and ice control operations,
and woody vegetation removal on county roads on the St. Croix Reservation
• Monitors transportation infrastructure and assesses damage following storm events
County Planning, Zoning, and Conservation Departments
• Responsible for the development, maintenance and enforcement of zoning and
subdivision ordinances on non-tribal lands. Privately held property within the
Reservation boundary is regulated under County Zoning Ordinances.
• Responsible for administration of countywide shoreland and floodplain zoning
ordinances.
• Responsible for non-tribal long-range planning, such as the County Comprehensive Plan,
as well as current planning issues such as rezoning, special/conditional use permits,
commercial site plan review, and subdivision plat reviews.
• Provides general technical assistance for all types of conservation practices and
information and education programs
• Creates and maintains a variety of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) datasets
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
TOWNS
Burnett County: Dewey, LaFollette, Meenon, Rusk, Sand Lake, Siren, Swiss
Barron County: Maple Plain
Polk County: Georgetown, Johnstown
• Maintains the local road system
• Utilizes mutual aid agreements for emergency response
• Oversees fire protection through local fire departments
• Provides EMS and first-responder services to rural areas (local fire departments)
• Provides financial support for mitigation projects and activities
• Maintains town properties, including municipal facilities and parks
• Conducts tabletop emergency response exercises
OTHER AGENCIES/ORGANIZATIONS
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
Under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act, each County in Wisconsin is
designated as an Emergency Planning District with a Local Emergency Planning Committee
(LEPC). LEPC membership includes local elected officials, members of emergency response
agencies (emergency management, fire, law enforcement, EMS, health, etc.), and representatives
from transportation, public works, local media, community groups, environmental groups, and
operators of affected facilities.
The LEPC maintains a county-wide emergency response plan, develops, and maintains off-site
emergency response plans and the county’s hazard analysis for both fixed facilities and
transportation. LEPCs assess the county hazmat response resources and equipment, respond to
public requests for information under the Community Right-To-Know Act, and conduct hazmat
training and exercises. Wisconsin has annual exercise requirements and the LEPC attempts to
involve facilities, response agencies, and other local officials in the exercises.
•
The St. Croix Tribe has representation on the LEPCs of Burnett, Barron, and Polk
Counties.
Great Lakes Inter-Tribal Council, Inc. (GLITC)
2932 Highway 47 N. Lac Du Flambeau, WI 54538
• Represents federally recognized tribes in Wisconsin and Upper Michigan
• Acts in an advisory capacity to member tribes
• Assists member tribes in a delivery system of services and programs in the areas of
education, epidemiology, family health, nutrition education, aging, disability services,
elder services, vocational rehabilitation, and economic development
Great Lake Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC)
72682 Maple Street, Odanah, WI 54861
• Represents 11 Ojibwe tribes in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan who reserved
hunting, fishing, and gathering rights in the 1837, 1842, and 1854 Treaties
• Provides natural resource management expertise, conservation enforcement, legal policy
analysis and public information services in the support of the exercise of treaty rights
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
Northwest Chapter of the American Red Cross (ARC)
3728 Spooner Avenue, Altoona, WI 54720
• Serves communities across Bayfield, Ashland, Burnett, Washburn, Sawyer, Polk, Barron,
St. Croix, Dunn, Chippewa, Pierce, Eau Claire, Clark, Taylor, and Price Counties, as well as
the Bad River, Red Cliff, Lac Courte Oreilles, and St. Croix Tribes
• Provides first aid, emergency response, and water safety education
• Provides/develops educational materials related to natural hazards and disasters
• Assists in preparation, prevention, response, and recovery of/from/to hazardous events
• Manages shelter sites, service center sites, distribution sites, and mobile aid stations
• Facilitates contacts between appropriate relief agencies and victims of hazard events
• Develops plans, preparedness activities, training, and capacity development to enable
disaster response
• Provides case-by-case assistance to victimized families to address financial needs for
food, clothing, shelter, and health care and to identify further resources available for the
family’s recovery from the disaster
• Conducts disaster (damage) assessment to determine habitability of residential
structures after a disaster
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
PLANNING MECHANISMS AND CAPABILITIES
Another important objective of the hazard mitigation plan is to incorporate the document into
existing and future planning efforts and initiatives. Elements of the hazard mitigation plan will
be considered during tribal planning and economic development efforts. This plan will be
incorporated into, considered during, and referenced by future updates and efforts concerning
the plans and ordinances included in the table below.
In
Place
Planning / Regulatory Tool
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Under
Development
Department/Agency
Responsible
X
Emergency Management
Comprehensive Plan (or General, Master or Growth Mgmt. Plan)
Floodplain Management Plan
Open Space Management Plan (or Parks & Rec./ Greenways Plan)
Integrated Resource Management Plan
X
Environmental
Stormwater Management Plan / Ordinance
X
Utilities
Natural Resource Protection Plans
X
Environmental
Emergency Operations Plan - Areawide
X
Emergency Management
Emergency Operations Plan – Specific Facilities, Casinos, Utilities
X
Emergency Management
X
Multiple
Economic Development Plan
X
SCTEDC
Historic Preservation Plan
X
THPO
Building Code
X
Tribal Council
Fire Code
X
Tribal Council
Flood Response Plan
Continuity of Operations Plan
Evacuation Plan
Disaster Recovery Plan
Capital Improvements Plan
Floodplain Ordinance (or Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance)
Zoning Ordinance
Subdivision Ordinance
Unified Development Ordinance
Post-disaster Redevelopment / Reconstruction Ordinance
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
NFIP Community Rating System (CRS Program)
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES
The ability of a local government to develop and implement mitigation strategies is directly tied
to its ability to direct staff time and resources for that purpose. Administrative capability can be
evaluated by determining how mitigation-related activities are assigned and if there are
adequate personnel resources to complete these activities. Technical capability can generally be
evaluated by assessing the level of knowledge and technical expertise of personnel, such as
individuals skilled in using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze and assess
community hazard vulnerability.
Staff / Personnel Resources
Yes No
Department / Agency
Planners with knowledge of land development and land management practices
X
Environmental
Engineers/professionals trained in building/infrastructure construction practices
X
Contracted
Planners or engineers with an understanding of natural and/or human-caused hazards
X
Environmental
Emergency manager
X
Emergency Management
Floodplain manager
X
Land surveyors
X
Contracted
Scientist familiar with the hazards of the community
X
Multiple
Staff with education or expertise to assess the community's vulnerability to hazards
X
Environmental
Personnel skilled in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and/or FEMA's HAZUS
X
Environmental
Resource development staff or grant writers
X
Compliance & Grants
FISCAL CAPABILITIES
There are a number of financial tools and resources available to fund hazard mitigation projects
and loss prevention programs. The TERC conducted an assessment and review of possible
funding mechanisms and developed an inventory list of programs applicable to Tribal Nations.
Financial Resources
Yes
Capital Improvement Programming
X
Tribal Council
Community Development Block Grants (CDBG)
X
Tribe
Special Purpose Taxes (or taxing districts)
X
Tax Commission
Gas / Electric Utility Fees
X
Not currently implemented
Water / Sewer Fees
X
Sand Lake – Tribe, Danbury - JWQC
Stormwater Utility Fees
X
Not currently implemented
Development Impact Fees
General Obligation, Revenue and/or Special Tax Bonds*
No
Department / Agency
X
X
SCTEDC/Tribal Council
Partnering arrangements or intergovernmental agreements
X
Multiple
*Tax code authorizes recognized Indian Tribes to issue federally tax-exempt bonds.
The St. Croix Tribe received a planning grant to prepare this hazard mitigation plan through
FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program under DR-4276 to prepare this hazard mitigation plan.
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
BIA Emergency Management (Technical Assistance)
BIA Emergency Management supports Tribal preparedness efforts by providing technical
assistance in acquiring training and exercise resources. Emergency Management can also assist
in the acquisition of equipment and other resources that increase the capacity and capability of
a Tribe to respond to in accordance with their Emergency Operations Plan.
BIA Indian Highway Safety Program (Grant Program)
The Highway Safety Act of 1966, U.S.C. Title 23, Section 402, provides U.S. Department of
Transportation funding to assist Indian tribes in implementing traffic safety projects. These
projects are designed to reduce the high number of traffic crashes and their resulting fatalities,
injuries, and property damage within Indian communities.
FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Program (Grant Program)
Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) is a pre-disaster hazard mitigation
program that replaced the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program in 2020. BRIC supports states,
communities, tribes, and territories as they undertake hazard mitigation projects, reducing the
risks they face from disasters and natural hazards. The BRIC priorities are to incentivize public
infrastructure projects, projects that mitigate risk to one more lifeline, projects that incorporate
nature-based solutions, and the adoption and enforcement of modern building codes.
FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (Grant Program)
The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) provides funding to state, local, tribal, and
territorial governments so they can rebuild in a way that reduces, or mitigates, future disaster
losses in their communities. This grant funding is available after a presidentially declared
disaster. Homeowners and businesses cannot apply for a grant, although a local community
may apply for funding on their behalf.
FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant Program (Grant Program)
The Emergency Management Performance Grant (EMPG) provides state, local, tribal, and
territorial emergency management agencies with the resources required for implementation of
the National Preparedness System and works toward the National Preparedness Goal of a
secure and resilient nation. The EMPG’s allowable costs support efforts to build and sustain core
capabilities across the prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery mission areas.
FEMA Community Disaster Assistance Loan Program (Loan Program)
The Community Disaster Loan Program provides funding to operate essential community
services after substantial revenue loss caused by a disaster. Essential services include activities
such as police and fire protection, trash collection, revenue collection, public facilities
maintenance, and hazard insurance. The maximum loan amount is $5 million.
FEMA Community Recovery Management Toolkit (Resource Library)
The Community Recovery Management Toolkit is a compilation of guidance, case studies, tools,
and training to assist local communities in managing long-term recovery post-disaster.
FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant Program (Grant Program)
The Emergency Management Performance Grant provides emergency management agencies
with the resources required for implementation of the National Preparedness System. The
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program’s allowable costs support efforts to build and sustain core capabilities across the
prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery mission areas.
FEMA Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program (Grant Program)
Fire safety grants fund critically needed resources to equip and train emergency personnel,
enhance efficiencies, and support community resilience. Since 2001, the program has helped
firefighters and other first responders obtain critically needed equipment, protective gear,
emergency vehicles, training, and other resources necessary for protecting the public and
emergency personnel from fire and related hazards.
FEMA Fire Management Assistance Grant Program (Grant Program)
Fire Management Assistance Grants (FMAG) are available to states, and local and tribal
governments, for the mitigation, management, and control of fires on publicly or privately
owned forests or grasslands. The Fire Management Assistance declaration process is initiated
when a State submits a request for assistance to the FEMA Regional Director at the time a
"threat of major disaster" exists. The entire process is accomplished on an expedited basis and a
FEMA decision is rendered in a matter of hours. The program provides a 75% Federal cost share,
and the State pays the remaining 25% for actual costs. Eligible costs may include expenses for
field camps; equipment use, repair and replacement; tools, materials, and supplies; and
mobilization and demobilization activities.
FEMA HMGP Post Fire Program (Grant Program)
The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) has post-wildfire assistance available to help
communities implement hazard mitigation measures after wildfire disasters. States, tribes, and
territories affected by fires resulting in a Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) declaration
on or after October 5, 2018, are eligible to apply. Eligible projects include defensible space
measures, ignition-resistant construction, hazardous fuels reduction, erosion control measures,
slope failure prevention measures, and flash flooding measures. Federally-recognized tribes with
land burned in FMAG declarations may choose to apply to FEMA for HMGP assistance as an
applicant once a State or territory receives an FMAG declaration. Tribes may also apply through
states as subapplicants.
FEMA National Dam Safety Program (Information, Training, Grant Program)
The National Dam Safety Program is a partnership of states, federal agencies, and other
stakeholders to encourage and promote the establishment and maintenance of effective federal
and state dam safety programs.
FEMA Public Assistance Program (Grant Program)
The Public Assistance Program provides supplemental grants so that communities can quickly
respond to and recover from major disasters or emergencies. FEMA also encourages protection
of these damaged facilities from future events by providing assistance for hazard mitigation
measures during the recovery process.
FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety Grants Program (Grant Program)
Fire and Protection Safety Grants are part of the Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program and
support projects that enhance the safety of the public and fire fighters from fire and related
hazards. The program provides critically needed resources to carry out fire prevention education
and training, fire code enforcement, fire/arson investigation, fire fighter safety and health
programming, prevention efforts and research and development.
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FEMA Staffing for Adequate Fire & Emergency Response Grants Program (Grant Program)
The Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response Grants provide funding directly to fire
departments and volunteer firefighter interest organizations to help them increase or maintain
the number of trained, "front line" firefighters available in their communities.
FEMA Tribal Homeland Security Grant Program (Grant Program)
The Tribal Homeland Security Grant Program supports the building, sustainment, and delivery of
core capabilities to enable tribes to strengthen their capacity to prevent, protect against,
mitigate, respond to, and recover from potential terrorist attacks and other hazards.
FEMA Individuals and Households Program (Financial Assistance and Services)
The Individuals and Households Program provides financial and direct services to eligible
individuals and households affected by a disaster, who have uninsured or under-insured
necessary expenses and serious needs. The assistance is intended to meet basic needs and
supplement disaster recovery efforts.
FEMA Disaster Legal Services Program (Legal Assistance, Individuals)
Disaster Legal Services provides legal assistance to low-income individuals who, prior to or as a
result of a presidentially declared major disaster, are unable to secure legal services adequate to
meet their disaster-related needs. When the President declares a disaster, FEMA, through an
agreement with the Young Lawyers Division of the American Bar Association, provides free legal
help for survivors of that disaster.
FEMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (Grant Program)
The Flood Mitigation Assistance Program is a competitive grant program in which funds can be
used for projects that reduce or eliminate the risk of repetitive flood damage to buildings
insured by the National Flood Insurance Program. Projects submitted must be consistent with
the goals and objectives identified in the current, FEMA-approved State or Tribal (Standard or
Enhanced) hazard mitigation plan along with the local or tribal hazard mitigation plan for the
jurisdiction in which the activity is located.
FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (Flood Insurance, Individuals)
The National Flood Insurance Program provides affordable insurance to property owners,
renters, and businesses and by encouraging communities to adopt and enforce floodplain
management regulations.
FEMA Community Rating System (Flood Insurance)
As part of the National Flood Insurance Program, the Community Rating System is a voluntary
incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management
activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements.
FEMA National Emergency Family Registry and Locator System (Location Services)
The National Emergency Family Registry and Locator System. It is a web-based system that,
when activated, collects information from individuals to assist in reuniting family that have been
displaced as a result of a presidentially declared disaster or emergency.
Firewise Communities/USA Recognition Program (Education, Technical Assistance)
The Firewise Communities/USA Recognition Program is a tool that forestry and fire service
professionals can use to obtain voluntary compliance with existing wildfire safety rules, as well
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
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as to motivate community action toward wildfire safety. The Recognition Program encourages
and acknowledges citizen involvement in reducing community wildfire risk.
Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Partnerships, Engagement, Grant Program)
The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) program provides federal agency coordination for
protection and restoration efforts on the Great Lakes. Funding is appropriated to the US EPA,
and the US EPA provides funding to other federal government agencies. Federal agencies
undertake projects themselves (including US EPA), as well as fund projects performed by other
entities such as states, tribes, local governments, universities, and nongovernmental
organizations.
HUD Indian Community Development Block Grant (ICDBG) Program (Grant Program)
The ICDBG Program provides direct grants for use in developing Indian and Alaska Native
communities, including the provision of decent housing, a suitable living environment, and
economic opportunities, primarily for low- and moderate-income persons. The ICDBG provides
single purpose grants awarded on a competition basis as well as imminent threat grants which
are awarded first come, first served to lessen or eliminate problems which pose an imminent
threat to health and safety. Funding is available for housing rehabilitation, land acquisition to
support new housing construction, and under limited circumstances, new housing construction,
infrastructure construction e.g., roads, water, and sewer facilities, and single or multipurpose
community buildings, as well as a wide variety of commercial, industrial, and agricultural
projects.
In addition, HUD recently launched a website on Climate Resilience and Adaptation. It includes
climate data and toolkits to enable Tribes to design their own solutions to address climate
change. The website also highlights case studies of Tribes doing this work and funding that can
be used for these purposes.
USACE Tribal Partnership Program (Planning, Technical Assistance, Cost Share Program)
The Tribal Partnership Program provides authority for the US Army Corps of Engineers to
perform water-related planning activities and activities related to the study, design, and
construction of water resources development projects located on tribal lands.
USDA Community Connect (Grant Program)
The Community Connect Program serves rural communities where broadband service is least
likely to be available, but where it can make a tremendous difference in the quality of life for
citizens.
USDA Community Facilities Direct Loan & Grant Program (Loan & Grant Program)
The Community Facilities Direct Loan & Grant Program provides affordable funding to develop
essential community facilities in rural areas. Available funding includes low interest direct loans,
grants, or a combination. An essential community facility is a facility that provides an essential
service to the local community for the orderly development of the community in a primarily
rural area, and does not include private, commercial, or business undertakings. Funds can be
used to purchase, construct, and/or improve essential community facilities, purchase equipment,
and pay related project expenses. Funding priorities are small communities with a population of
5,500 or less and low-income communities having a median household income below 80% of
the state nonmetropolitan median household income.
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
USDA Distance Learning and Telemedicine (Grant Program)
The Distance Learning and Telemedicine Program provides funding for telecommunications
enabled information, audio and video equipment, and related advanced technologies which
extend educational and medical applications in rural areas. Funds may also be used to provide
for communication upgrades between ambulances, emergency transportation vehicles, and
medical facilities.
USDA Telecommunications Infrastructure Loan Program (Loan Program)
The Telecommunications Infrastructure Program provides long-term direct and guaranteed
loans to qualified organizations for financing the improvement, expansion, construction,
acquisition, and operation of telephone lines, facilities, 911, and emergency communications
services in rural areas.
STATE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
Wisconsin Emergency Management (Partnerships, Technical Assistance, Grants)
Wisconsin Emergency Management (WEM) coordinates effective disaster response and recovery
efforts in support of local governments.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Technical Assistance and Outreach)
The WDNR is also available to provide technical assistance to communities and assist local
governments with natural resource project development and implementation.
WDNR Forest Fire Protection Grants Program (Grant Program)
Forest Fire Protection 50% cost-share grants are available to Wisconsin fire departments and
county/area fire associations. Grant funding is intended to expand the use of local fire
departments to augment and strengthen the DNR’s overall initial-attack fire suppression
capabilities on forest fires by providing grant funds for personal protective equipment (PPE),
training, prevention, tools/equipment, communication equipment, dry hydrants, and vehicles.
WDNR Urban Forestry Catastrophic Storm Grants Program (Grant Program)
The Urban Forestry Catastrophic Storm Grants are for tree repair, removal or replacement within
urban areas following a catastrophic storm event for which the governor has declared a state of
emergency under s. 323.10, Wis. Stats. A catastrophic storm means damage to urban forests
caused by snow, ice, hail, wind, or tornado. A catastrophic storm does not include insect
infestation or disease, forest fire, drought, or water saturation due to flooding. Grants range
from $4,000 to $50,000. No local match is required.
WDNR Surface Water Grants Program (Grant Program)
The Surface Water Grants Program provides cost-sharing grants for surface water protection
and restoration. Funding is available for education, ecological assessments, planning,
implementation, and aquatic invasive species prevention and control.
WDNR Municipal Flood Control Grant Program (Grant Program)
The Municipal Flood Control Grant Program is available to all cities, villages, towns, tribes, and
metropolitan sewage districts to help minimize flooding and flood-related damages by
acquiring property, floodproofing structures, creating open-space flood storage areas,
constructing flood control structures, and restoring the flood-carrying capacity and natural and
beneficial functions of watercourses. The state share of the project cost may not be greater than
50% of the eligible project costs.
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
INSTITUTIONAL CAPABILITIES
The St. Croix Tribe is capable of engaging in hazard mitigation activities. The Tribe has its own
mitigation goals and actions, emergency management staff, resources, budget, and equipment.
As such, it has the capacity to address the hazards profiled in this plan. The St. Croix Tribe can
also partner with neighboring Tribes, Burnett, Barron, and Polk Counties, local municipalities,
the state and federal government, and community and citizens groups including lake
associations, or other entities to increase capacity for hazard mitigation.
TRIBAL LAND USE CONTROLS
The St. Croix Tribe retains the authority to develop and enforce land use controls, ordinances,
and regulations on lands which the Tribe has jurisdictional authority. The St. Croix Reservation is
a checkerboard mix of tribal fee land, tribal trust land, tribal member fee land, tribal member
trust land, and nonmember fee-simple ownership. There is also a mix of tribal and local
governments exercising some level of land use authority within the Reservation boundary.
Ownership status of the land is the key factor in determining jurisdictional land use authority.
On trust lands, the Tribe retains jurisdictional land use authority and is responsible for land
leases and ensuring National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) compliance with Bureau of Indian
Affairs (BIA) requirements. Land use on non-trust lands is regulated by the county and the local
town in which the parcel is located. Towns within the Reservation boundary may also exercise
jurisdictional authority on fee-simple (non-trust) parcels. Towns also have 10 days from a public
hearing to object to county petition for a zoning amendment outside shoreland/floodplain
areas. If a town disapproves, the county must revise the proposal or recommend denial. This
authority does not extend to trust lands.
DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
With a presence in Northern Wisconsin and the surrounding areas that spans centuries, the St.
Croix people are among the region’s original inhabitants. Their commerce began in the 17th
century, developing important partnerships with French traders, many of whom married into the
Tribe. Through periods of prosperity and persecution, peace and conflict, the St. Croix have
persevered, enduring removal from ancestral lands, and a period of displacement when it was
known as “the lost tribe”. Today, the St. Croix Reservation continues to experience notable
growth and development. As one of the largest area employers, the St. Croix Tribe owns and
operates a variety of Tribal Enterprises including St. Croix Casino Turtle Lake, St. Croix Turtle
Lake Hotel, St. Croix Casino Danbury, St. Croix Casino Danbury Hotel, St. Croix Lodge Hotel
Danbury, Eagles Landing Campground in Danbury, St. Croix Casino Hertel Express in Hertel, St.
Croix Casino Express Convenience Store & St. Croix Tribal Smoke Shop in Hertel, Fourwinds
Market in Siren, and Fourwinds Express Convenience Store in Siren as well as many commercial
rental properties including Southwinds Plaza in Siren.
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WISCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
HAZARDS IDENTIFIED
The TERC identified 17 priority natural hazards and 17 priority technological/human-caused
hazards which threaten life and property on the St. Croix Reservation. The TERC used the
“Hazard Priority Matrix” to evaluate the relative degree of risk associated with each of the
identified hazards. In terms of overall risk for natural hazards, snowfall poses the highest degree
of relative risk, while dam failure poses the lowest risk. In terms of overall risk for
technological/human-caused hazards, a multiple vehicle accident poses the highest degree of
relative risk, while a plane crash poses the lowest risk.
NATURAL HAZARDS
Hazard
TECHNOLOGICAL/HUMAN-CAUSED HAZARDS
Priority
Rank
Hazard
Priority
Rank
Snowfall
1
Multiple Vehicle Accident
1
Extreme Cold
2
Illegal Drug Use/Cleanup
2
Extreme Heat
3
Hazardous Materials Incident
3
Pandemic/Epidemic/Vector-Borne Disease
4
Active Shooter
4
Blizzard
5
Power Failure
5
Flooding
6
Cyber-Attack
6
Ice Storms
7
Utilities Failure
7
Tornadoes
8
Bomb Threat
8
High Wind
9
Water Contamination
9
Wildfire
10
Major Communications Disruption
10
Drought
11
Acts or Threats of Violence
11
Invasive Species
12
Pharmaceutical Supply Shortage
12
Hail
13
Civil Unrest
13
Lightning
14
Terrorism
14
Erosion
15
Nuclear Incident
15
Fog
16
Fuel Shortage/Loss
16
Dam Failure
17
Plane Crash
17
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WSCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
NATURAL HAZARDS PRIORITY MATRIX
HAZARD
SCORE
Snowfall2
Extreme Cold
Extreme Heat
Pandemic/Epidemic/VectorBorne Disease
Blizzard3
Flooding
Ice Storms
Tornadoes
High Wind
Wildfire
Drought
Invasive Species
Hail
Lightning
Erosion
Fog
Dam Failure
2
3
PROBABILITY
HUMAN
IMPACT
PROPERTY
IMPACT
BUSINESS
IMPACT
DURATION
WARNING
TIME
AFFECTED
AREA
PREPAREDNESS
RESPONSE
CAPABILITY
RISK
Likelihood this
will occur
Possibility
of death or
injury
Physical
losses and
damages
Interruption
of services
Event,
secondary
impacts
Time to prepare
or evacuate
Size of area
affected by
hazard
Preplanning
Time,
effectiveness,
resources
Relative
threat*
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1 = Short
2 = Intermediate
3 = Long
0 = N/A
1 = Long
2 = Intermediate
3 = Short
0 = N/A
1 = Localized
2 = Intermediate
3 = Countywide
0 = N/A
1 = High
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or none
0 = N/A
1 = High
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or none
0100%
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.3
1.7
1.0
2.0
1.7
3.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
70.8%
59.7%
59.7%
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
58.3%
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.0
0.3
1.3
2.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.3
1.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.7
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.0
2.0
0.0
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.0
0.3
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.0
1.7
1.3
2.5
3.0
1.7
1.3
0.3
1.0
0.7
1.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.3
0.3
1.7
1.7
0.3
1.7
0.7
1.7
1.0
1.7
1.3
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.5
1.7
1.0
0.3
1.7
0.7
1.3
1.0
2.0
1.3
1.7
2.0
2.0
0.3
1.3
1.3
2.0
1.7
0.7
1.2
2.0
1.0
1.3
1.7
2.0
2.0
0.7
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.7
0.7
58.3%
58.3%
57.6%
52.8%
46.5%
39.8%
32.9%
21.8%
21.6%
19.1%
18.5%
14.8%
2.2%
Profiled as ‘Winter Storms’
Addressed under ‘Snowfall’ and profiled as part of ‘Winter Storms’
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ST. CROIX CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF WSCONSIN
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
TECHNOLOGICAL/HUMAN-CAUSED HAZARDS PRIORITY MATRIX
HAZARD
SCORE
Multiple Vehicle Accident
Illegal Drug Use/Clean Up
Hazardous Materials Incident
Active Shooter
Power Failure
Cyber-Attack
Utilities Failure
Bomb Threat
Water Contamination
Major Communications
This text is long and has been trimmed here. Open the source document for the complete record.
This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.