CHAPTER 6 -- CRITERIA FOR

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UNDERGROUND INJECTION PROJECTS

6.1

INTRODUCTION

6.1.1

General

6.1.1.1

All projects involving underground injection as

defined in 40 CFR 144, shall be reviewed by the District for

appropriateness to the hydrogeology of the area, to ensure that the

project will not interfere with designated uses of water, and is

consistent with the terms and conditions of the Compact. In

performing this review, the District shall consider whether the minimum

criteria set forth under 40 CFR 144 and all other applicable federal

legislation have been met. The District shall also consider the extent

to which the project meets the standards and specifications applicable

to similar projects within the District but not constructed on Tribal lands

or Reservations.

District's approval of an underground injection well or project shall be

contingent on the injection well or project meeting the minimum

requirements outlined below.

6.1.1.2

Purpose The purpose of the District review is to

ensure that the proposed project is designed to protect the quality of

the State's underground sources of drinking water and to prevent

degradation of the quality of other aquifers adjacent to the injection

zone that may be used for other purposes. This purpose may be

achieved through the construction and operation of injection wells in

such a way that the injected fluid remains in the injection zone, and

that unapproved interchange of water between aquifers is prohibited.

6.1.1.3

Scope

The District review will cover all injection wells defined below, as

Class I, III, IV and V wells.

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Injection wells defined as Class II wells below, are not included

in this Chapter.

Specific Inclusions The following wells are included among

those types of injection activities which are covered by this Chapter.

(This list is not intended to be exclusive but is for clarification only.)

Any injection well other than a Class II well located on a drilling

platform inside Florida's territorial waters.

Any dug hole or well that is deeper than its largest surface dimension,

where the principal function of the hole is emplacement of fluids.

Any septic tank or cesspool used by generators of hazardous waste,

or by owners or operators of hazardous waste management facilities,

to dispose of fluids containing hazardous waste.

Specific Exclusions

Chapter:

The following are not covered by this

Injection wells located on a drilling platform or other site that is beyond

Florida's territorial waters.

Any septic tank systems subject to Chapter 10D-6, Florida

Administrative Code, and any individual or single family residential

waste disposal systems.

Any dug hole which is not used for emplacement of fluids

underground.

Any well utilized in conjunction with the operation of an earth-coupled

heat pump system as defined below.

6.1.2

Definitions

When used in this section, the following words

shall have these meanings unless the context clearly indicates

otherwise:

6.1.2.1

Abandoned Well means a well, the use of which

has been permanently discontinued or which is in a state of disrepair

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such that it cannot be used for its intended purpose or for observation

purposes.

6.1.2.2

Acidizing means the injection of acid through the

borehole or "well" into a "formation" to increase permeability and

porosity.

6.1.2.3

Allowable Stress means the allowable stress for a

material is the maximum stress that may be safely applied, which

equals the yield-point stress divided by an appropriate factor of safety.

6.1.2.4

Annular Monitor Well means any pipe or tubing

which is permanently placed in the annulus of an injection well to

monitor a discrete zone.

6.1.2.5

Annulus or Annular Space means any artificially

created void existing between a well casing or liner pipe and a

borehole wall, or between two (2) casings or between tubing and

casing or liner pipe.

6.1.2.6

Aquifer means a geological formation, group of

formations or part of a formation that is capable of yielding a significant

amount of water to a well or spring.

6.1.2.7

Area of Review means the area surrounding an

"injection well," described according to the criteria set forth in 6.1.3.2,

or in the case of a well field, the project area plus a circumscribing

area with a fixed width of not less than one (1) mile.

6.1.2.8

Casing means a pipe or tubing of appropriate

material, of varying diameter and weight, lowered into a borehole

during or after drilling in order to support the sides of the hole and thus

prevent the walls from caving, to prevent loss of drilling mud into

porous ground, or to prevent water, gas, or other fluid from entering or

leaving the hole.

6.1.2.9

Catastrophic Collapse means the sudden and

utter failure of adjacent or overlying strata which has been caused by

removal of underlying materials.

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6.1.2.10

Cementing

means the operation whereby a

cement slurry is pumped into a drilled hole or forced behind the

casing.

6.1.2.11

Centralizer means a casing accessory used to

properly align a casing within the open hole, or to properly align one

(1) casing within another casing, or to properly align a tubing within a

casing.

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6.1.2.12

Cluster Well means a well where two (2) or more

monitor tubes of different lengths are emplaced within a single

borehole to monitor two (2) or more discrete zones.

6.1.2.13

Confining Bed means a layer of impermeable or

distinctly less permeable material stratigraphically adjacent to one (1)

or more aquifers.

6.1.2.14

Confining Zones means a geological formation,

group of formations, or part of a formation that is capable of limiting

fluid movement from an injection zone.

6.1.2.15

Contaminant

means any substance which is

harmful to plant, animal or human life.

6.1.2.16

Conventional Mine

means an open pit or

underground excavation for the production of minerals.

6.1.2.17

Disposal Well means a well used for the disposal

of waste into a subsurface stratum.

6.1.2.18

Dry Well means a well usually lined or filled with

rocks which holds drainage water until it percolates into the ground.

6.1.2.19

Earth-Coupled Heat Pump System means any

space heating/cooling system in which water containing no additives is

circulated through a continuous section of buried pipe, such that the

earth is utilized as a thermal exchange medium, but no fluid is either

extracted from, or injected into, any underground formation.

6.1.2.20

Emergency Disposal Method means an effluent

disposal method that, after prior District approval, is only available for

short term discharge under emergency conditions when the primary

disposal method is inoperable.

6.1.2.21

Exempted Aquifer means an aquifer, or its portion

that meets the criteria in the definition of "underground source of

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drinking water," but which has been exempted according to the

procedures of 40 CFR 144.7.

6.1.2.22

Experimental Technology means a technology which

has not been proven feasible under the conditions in which it is

being tested.

6.1.2.23

Exploratory Pilot Hole means a hole drilled for the

purpose of obtaining subsurface information, or as a guide for the

drill bit to follow when drilling the final hole.

6.1.2.24

Exploratory Well means a cased well drilled in an

area in which there is limited hydrologic and geologic data, to obtain

sufficient data to determine the feasibility of injection. With prior

District approval, an exploratory well may be plugged and

abandoned, converted to a monitor well, or used as an injection

well if it meets all applicable standards for a Class I well.

6.1.2.25

Facility or Activity means an "injection well system,"

or any other facility or activity that is subject to this Chapter.

6.1.2.26

Factor of Safety means the ultimate load divided by

the safe load, or the ultimate strength divided by the allowable

stress.

6.1.2.27

Fault means a surface or zone of rock fracture along

which there has been displacement.

6.1.2.28

Flow Rate means the volume per unit time of the flow

of fluids which emerge from an orifice, pump, turbine, or which pass

along a conduit or channel.

6.1.2.29

Fluid means material or substance which flows or

moves, whether in a semi-solid, liquid, sludge, gas, or any other

form or state.

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6.1.2.30

Formation means a body of rock characterized by a

degree of lithologic homogeneity or similarity, which is prevailingly,

but not necessarily, tabular and is mappable on the earth's surface

or traceable in the subsurface.

6.1.2.31

Formation Fluid means fluid present in a formation

under natural condition, as opposed to introduced fluids, such as

drilling mud.

6.1.2.32

Ground Water means water below the land surface in

a zone wherein all of the interstices are filled with water.

6.1.2.33

Hazardous Waste

defined in 40 CFR 261.3.

means a hazardous waste as

6.1.2.34

Hydrogeology means the branch of hydrology that

deals with ground water, its occurrence and movements, its

replenishment and depletion, the properties of rocks that control

ground water movement and storage, and the methods of

investigation and use of ground water.

6.1.2.35

Injection Pressure means the pressure required to inject

fluid, as measured at the wellhead.

6.1.2.36

Injection Well means a well into which fluids are being or

will be injected, by gravity flow or under pressure.

6.1.2.37

Injection Well System means the portion of the disposal

system from the effluent side, or pressure side, of the injection pump

to the bottom of the injection well.

6.1.2.38

Injection Zone means a geological formation, group of

formations, or part of a formation receiving fluids directly through a

well.

6.1.2.39

Lithology means the description of rocks on the basis of

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their physical and chemical characteristics.

6.1.2.40

Multi-Horizon Monitor Well means any well which is

used to monitor in each of two (2) or more discrete zones.

6.1.2.41

New Injection Well means a well which has not been

approved by the District and which began injection after the effective

date of the Compact.

6.1.2.42

On-Site Monitor Well means a well associated with an

injection well or facility, that is used primarily to monitor the mechanical

integrity of the injection well(s) and/or to monitor the effectiveness of

the confining beds overlying the injection zone.

6.1.2.43

Overdrill means the amount by which the nominal

diameter of the open hole exceeds the diameter of the casing to be set

in the hole.

6.1.2.44

Owner means the Tribe, person, entity, or corporation

with legal title to the property on which an injection well exists.

6.1.2.45

Packer means a device lowered into a well to produce a

fluid-tight seal.

6.1.2.46

Plugging means the act or process of stopping the flow

of water, oil, or gas into, or out of, a formation through a borehole or

well penetrating that formation.

6.1.2.47

Radioactive Waste means any waste which contains

radioactive material in concentrations which exceed those listed in 10

CFR Part 20, Appendix B, Table II, Column 2.

6.1.2.48

Regional Monitor Well means a well used primarily to

monitor the distant effects of injection from one (1) or more injection

facilities.

6.1.2.49

Satellite Monitor Well means a well associated with an

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injection facility that is used primarily to monitor the effects of injection

from a single injection well or facility.

6.1.2.50

Subsidence means the lowering of the natural land

surface in response to: Earth movements; lowering of fluid pressure;

removal of underlying supporting material by mining or solution of

solids, either artificially or from natural causes; compaction due to

wetting (hydrocompaction); oxidation of organic matter in soils; or

added load on the land surface.

6.1.2.51

Surface Casing means the first string of well casing to

be installed in the well.

6.1.2.52

Test Well means the first injection well constructed in a

well field, which is used for specific formation testing and to prove the

feasibility of the injection well system. A test well is designed to be

used as an injection well, if injection is proved feasible and

environmentally acceptable.

6.1.2.53

Tubing means piping material placed inside the final

string of casing to protect the casing, and to convey the injected fluid

to the injection zone.

6.1.2.54

Underground Source of Drinking Water means an

"aquifer" or its portion which meets the definition in 40 CFR 144.3.

6.1.2.55

Well means a bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole,

which has a depth greater than the diameter of the largest surface

dimension.

6.1.2.56

Well Casing means a metallic or non-metallic pipe

installed in a borehole to prevent caving, provide structural strength,

seal off subsurface zones, or prevent the interchange of waters

between aquifers.

6.1.2.57

Well Injection means the subsurface emplacement of

fluids through a well by gravity flow or under pressure.

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6.1.2.58

Well Log means a record obtained from a well that

provides data on well construction or the formations penetrated.

6.1.2.59

Well Monitoring means the measurement, by on-site

instruments or laboratory methods, of the physical, chemical, or

biological parameters required to evaluate the performance of an

injection well system.

6.1.2.60

Well Plug means a watertight and gastight seal installed

in a borehole or well to prevent movement of fluids.

6.1.2.61

Well Record means a concise statement of the available

data regarding a well.

6.1.2.62

Well Stimulation means any of several processes used

to clean the well bore, enlarge channels, and increase pore space in

the interval to be injected, thus making it possible for injected fluids to

move more readily into the formation, and includes, but is not limited

to: 1) surging; 2) jetting; 3) blasting; 4) acidizing; 5) hydraulic

fracturing.

6.1.3

General Provisions

6.1.3.1

Classification of Injection Wells Injection

classified as follows:

wells

are

Class I

Wells used by generators of hazardous wastes, or by owners or

operators of hazardous waste management facilities to inject

hazardous waste beneath the lowermost formation containing, within

one quarter (1/4) mile of the well bore, an underground source of

drinking water.

Other industrial and municipal (publicly or privately owned) disposal

wells which inject fluids beneath the lowermost formation containing,

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within one quarter (1/4) mile of the well bore, an underground source

of drinking water.

Class II

Which are brought to the surface in connection with conventional oil or

natural gas production and may be commingled with waste waters

from gas plants, which are an integral part of production operations,

unless those waters are classified as a hazardous waste at the time of

injection.

For enhanced recovery of oil or natural gas. And:

For storage of hydrocarbons which are liquid at standard temperature

and pressure.

Class III

Mining of sulfur by the Frasch process.

Solution mining of minerals. (Note: Solution mining of minerals

includes sodium chloride, Potash, phosphate, copper, uranium and

any other mineral which can be mined by this process.)

Class IV Wells used by generators of hazardous wastes or of

radioactive wastes, by owners or operators of hazardous waste

management facilities, or by owners or operators of radioactive

waste disposal sites to dispose of hazardous wastes or radioactive

wastes into, or above a formation which, within one quarter (1/4)

mile of the well, contains either an underground source of drinking

water or an exempted aquifer.

Class V

Injection wells not included in Class I, II, III, or IV.

Class V wells, which are grouped together by expected quality of

the injection fluid, include:

Group 1

Wells which inject fluids:

Wells which inject for extraction of minerals, including:

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Air conditioning return flow wells used to return, to any aquifer, the

water used for heating or cooling. An air conditioning supply well,

heat pump, and return flow well used to inject water containing no

additives into the same permeable zone from which it was

withdrawn constitute a closed loop system.

Cooling water return flow wells used to inject water previously used

for cooling.

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Group 2

Recharge wells used to replenish, augment, or store water in an

aquifer.

Salt water intrusion barrier wells used to inject water into a fresh water

aquifer to prevent the intrusion of salt water into the fresh water.

Subsidence control wells (not used for the purpose of oil or natural gas

production) used to inject fluids into a zone which does not produce oil

or gas to reduce or eliminate subsidence associated with the overdraft

of fresh water.

Connector wells used to connect two (2) aquifers to allow interchange

of water between those aquifers.

Group 3

Wells which are part of domestic waste treatment systems.

Swimming pool drainage wells.

Devices receiving wastes, which have an open bottom and sometimes

have perforated sides. This Chapter does not apply to single family

residential waste disposal systems.

Wells used to inject spent brine into the same formation from which it

was withdrawn after extraction of halogens or their salts.

Injection wells used in experimental technologies.

Group 4

Dry wells used for the injection of wastes into a subsurface formation.

Sand backfill wells used to inject a mixture of water and sand, tailings

or other solids, into mined out portions of subsurface mines.

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Wells other than Class IV used to inject radioactive waste, provided

the concentrations of the waste do not exceed federal drinking water

standards.

Injection wells used for in situ recovery of phosphate, uraniferous

sandstone, clay, sand, and other minerals extracted by the borehole

slurry mining method.

Group 5 Drainage wells used to drain surface fluid, primarily storm

runoff or lake level, (by gravity flow) into a subsurface formation.

Group 6

Injection wells associated with the recovery of geothermal energy for

heating, aquaculture and production of electric power.

Other wells.

6.1.3.2

Area of Review

An area of review, which shall apply to each Class I and Class III well,

well field, project or area of the State, and which may apply to a Class

V injection well, shall be determined by the Tribe taking into account

the zone of endangering influence, which is the area in which the

increased pressures in the injection zone may cause the migration of

the injected, and formation fluid into an underground source of drinking

water. The area of review is the land surface overlying the zone of

endangering influence.

In determining the area of review, the information to be used shall

include, but not be limited to: Chemical, physical, and biological

characteristics of the injection fluids and formation fluids; hydrogeology; appropriate mathematical models, if available, for computing

pressure and concentration changes in the injection zone as a function

of distance and time; population; ground water use and dependence;

and historical practices in the area. A radius around the injection well

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of one (1) mile shall be a minimum. In the case of a well field project,

a fixed width of not less than one (1) mile for the circumscribing area

shall be a minimum.

6.1.3.3

Corrective Action

Coverage The Tribe, for Class I or Class III injection well proposals,

shall identify, and for any Class V well may identify, the location of all

known wells within the area of review for the injection well(s) which

penetrate the injection zone or confining zone. For such wells on

Tribal lands, which are in use or improperly sealed, completed, or

abandoned, the Tribe shall also submit a plan describing such steps or

modifications as are necessary to prevent movement of fluid into

underground sources of drinking water ("corrective action").

Criteria and Factors In determining the adequacy of corrective

action proposed by the Tribe under (A) of this subsection and in

determining the additional steps needed to prevent fluid movement

into underground sources of drinking water, the following criteria and

factors shall be considered.

Nature, volume, and injection rate of the injected fluid.

Nature of native fluids, or by-products of injection.

Potentially affected population.

Geology.

Hydrology.

History of the injection operation.

Completion and plugging records for all wells.

Abandonment procedures in effect at the time the well was

abandoned.

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Hydraulic connections with underground sources of drinking water.

10.

Life of injection well. And:

11.

Pressure considerations.

Requirements

Existing Injection Wells

Any proposal for an existing injection well

requiring corrective action shall include a schedule for completion of

any corrective action prescribed by, or acceptable to, the District. In

addition, schedules for corrective action shall require completion of the

corrective action not later than three (3) years after the effective date

of the plan.

2. New Injection Wells

No new injection well may commence

injection until all required corrective action has been completed.

Construction of a new injection well prior to the completion of all

required action will not be approved unless the Tribe can affirmatively

demonstrate that such construction will not pose a threat to the quality

of the waters of the State.

3. Class III Wells Only

When setting corrective action requirements, the District and the Tribe shall consider the overall effect of the

project on the hydraulic gradient in potentially affected underground

sources of drinking water, and the corresponding changes in

potentiometric surface(s) and flow direction(s) rather than the discrete

effect of each well. If a decision is made that corrective action is not

necessary, based on the determinations above, the monitoring

program required in section 6.2.5 shall be designed to verify the

validity of such determinations.

6.1.3.4

Mechanical Integrity

A. An injection well has mechanical integrity if:

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1. There is no leak in the casing, tubing or packer. And:

2. There is no fluid movement into an underground source of drinking

water through channels adjacent to the injection well bore.

One of the following tests shall be used to evaluate the absence of

leaks under subparagraph (A)(1) of this subsection:

Monitoring of annulus pressure.

Or:

Pressure testing of inner casing or tubing.

One of the following methods shall be used to determine the absence

of fluid movement under subparagraph (A)(2) of this subsection:

A temperature or noise log, and monitoring of adjacent overlying

aquifers. Or:

A temperature or noise log, monitoring of adjacent overlying aquifers,

and radioactive tracer logs.

The use of tests to demonstrate mechanical integrity, other than those

listed in paragraph (B) and subparagraph (C)(1) of this subsection,

may be allowed with written approval from the District.

In conducting and evaluating the tests enumerated in this subsection,

or others to be allowed by the District, the Tribe shall apply methods

and standards generally accepted in the industry. When the Tribe

reports the results of mechanical integrity tests, the Tribe shall include

a description of the test(s) and the method(s) used. Monitoring and

other test data submitted since the previous evaluation shall be

assessed and reviewed.

A plan for any Class I or III well or injection project which lacks

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mechanical integrity shall not be - and for any Class V well may not be

approved until the Tribe shows to the satisfaction of the District that

the well has mechanical integrity or unless the Tribe affirmatively

demonstrates that the injection well will not pose a potential threat to

the waters of the State.

6.2

CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR CLASS I AND CLASS III WELLS

6.2.1

General Prohibition of Class I Wells Injecting Hazardous

Wastes

The construction of any well meeting the classification in

subparagraph 6.1.3.1(A)(1) shall be prohibited on Tribal lands or

Reservations.

6.2.2

Evaluation of Geologic and Hydrologic Environment

6.2.2.1

General

Class I Wells

The Tribe shall demonstrate to the District's

satisfaction that the hydrogeologic environment is suitable for waste

injection without endangering the underground sources of drinking

water or modifying the ambient water quality of other aquifers overlying

the injection zone. In the Class I well construction submittals the

Tribe shall address the proposed testing and sampling procedures for

adequately defining the depth at which total dissolved solids exceed

10,000 mg/l in formation waters. An assessment of the lateral

position at which total dissolved solids exceed 10,000 mg/l in the

injection zone waters shall also be provided. The District may request

that the Tribe provide, in addition to site specific and area of review

information, regional information that will allow prediction of the

regional impact of the proposed injection well.

Class III Wells The District shall evaluate each proposed mining

operation for potential effects of the mining activity on the underground

sources of drinking water, and shall, at a minimum, consider the

effects of depressurization of the aquifer on the water quality of any

underground sources of drinking water. The Tribe must demonstrate

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that the hydrogeologic environment is suitable for injection for

extraction of minerals or energy without endangering the underground

sources of drinking water, unless the aquifer is an exempted aquifer.

No Class III mining activity shall be allowed in an underground source of

drinking water, or shall result in violation of federal drinking water

standards, unless the aquifer is an exempted aquifer.

6.2.2.2

Confining Zone

Class I Wells

At least one confining zone above the injection zone

is required. The Tribe shall demonstrate that the confining zone(s)

has sufficient areal extent, thickness, lithologic and hydraulic

characteristics to prevent injected fluid migration, and that it insures

protection of underground sources of drinking water.

Class III Wells If an underground source of drinking water exists

above or below the proposed mining zone, a confining zone is

required between the mining zone and the underground source of

drinking water. The confining zone must be of such thickness, areal

extent, and permeability to constrain the effects of the mining to the

mining zone, and the integrity of the confining zone must be

maintained for the life of the project.

Testing of Confining Zone for Class I and III Wells

The Tribe

shall provide sufficient data such as logs, lithologic cores, water

samples, and drill stem tests (or aquifer tests) to adequately

demonstrate the confining characteristics of the bed. A monitoring

system, which may include, but not be limited to, one (1) or more

on-site monitor well(s), designed to evaluate the long-term

effectiveness of the confining zone may be required. If the Tribe does

not propose a monitoring system, the Tribe shall demonstrate that it is

not needed. The geophysical logs may include, but not be limited to:

Electric Log

Natural Gamma-Ray

Fluid Conductance Log

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Caliper Log

Static and Pumping Temperature Log

Spinner Flowmeter

Acoustic Velocity

Density Log

Porosity Log

6.2.2.3

Injection Zone - Class I Wells

The

Tribe

shall

demonstrate that the proposed injection zone has sufficient extent,

thickness, lithologic and hydraulic characteristics to adequately receive

waste.

Testing of Injection Zone The purpose of testing the injection zone

is to demonstrate the zone's capacity for receiving injected fluid. The

Tribe shall demonstrate the suitability of a proposed zone by

determining the hydraulic characteristics, lithology, thickness, extent,

and compatibility of injection and formation fluids. Testing of the

injection zone shall include a pumping injection test at a flow rate of

not less than the maximum design capacity of the well, and of such

duration that can demonstrate the trend of the injection pressure on

the long-term operating conditions. If an adequate water supply for

the injection test does not exist, and data collected during drilling

strongly indicate the presence of confining bed(s), the Tribe may use

secondarily treated domestic wastewater effluent for testing only with

prior approval. Testing of the injection zone may include, but not be

limited to:

Water Samples

Withdrawal Tests

Video Television Survey

Lithologic Cores

Drill Cuttings

Geophysical Surveys such as:

Electric Survey

Natural Gamma-Ray

Fluid Conductance Survey

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d. Caliper Survey

e. Static and Pumping Temperature Survey

f. Spinner Flowmeter

g. Acoustic Velocity

h. Focused Resistivity

i. Density Survey

j. Porosity Survey.

6.2.3

6.2.3.1

Well Construction Standards for Class I and III Wells

General Design Considerations

A. All Class I and III wells shall be cased and cemented to prevent the

movement of fluids into, or between underground sources of drinking

water, and to maintain the quality of aquifers above the injection zone that

may be used for monitoring or other purposes.

B. All Class I wells shall be designed and constructed in such a fashion that

they inject into a formation which is below the lowermost formation

containing, within one quarter (1/4) mile of the well bore, an underground

source of drinking water.

C. In the design specifications for a Class I well, the Tribe shall address the

problem of corrosion, proposed protective measure(s), and, if appropriate,

proposed methods of monitoring. The Tribe shall consider thickness and

type of cement, number and thickness of casings, casing material, casing

coatings, formation fluid (water) quality, injection fluid quality and life

expectancy of the well.

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For Class I wells all outer surfaces of uncemented casings or portions of

casings shall be coated or otherwise protected against corrosion.

This protection shall extend for a minimum distance of thirty (30) feet

above and below the uncemented portion of the casing.

All Class I injection wells, except those municipal wells (publicly or

privately owned) injecting non-corrosive wastes, shall inject fluids

through tubing with a packer set immediately above the injection zone,

or tubing with an approved fluid seal as an alternative. The tubing,

packer and fluid seal shall be designed for the expected service.

The use of other alternatives to a packer may be allowed with the

written approval from the District. The alternative method shall

reliably provide a comparable level of protection to underground

sources of drinking water.

In determining and specifying requirements for tubing, packer, or

alternatives, the following factors shall be considered:

Depth of setting.

Characteristics of injection fluid (chemical content, corrosiveness, and

density).

Injection pressure.

Annular pressure.

Rate, temperature and volume of injected fluid. And:

Size of casing.

For Class 1 wells the following designs are not allowed:

Annuli between casings open to the land surface in any injection well.

And:

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Monitoring tubes emplaced and cemented in the annulus adjacent to

the innermost or injection string of casing.

For all Class 1 wells, the Tribe shall address potential surge and water

hammer protection to ensure the safety and integrity of any injection

well system.

District approval is required prior to any remedial procedures that alter

the basic design specifications, materials, or character of a Class I or

III well.

6.2.3.2

Exploratory Pilot HoleAn exploratory pilot hole in any

Class I well, or for Class III wells, at any proposed injection well site

may be required, and the hole to be drilled in stages. If the Tribe

does not propose an exploratory pilot hole, the Tribe must

demonstrate that it is not needed.

6.2.3.3

Drilling

Submittal of a step-by-step drilling plan may be

required, to be included in the design specifications for Class I and III

wells. The drilling plan shall specify the proposed drilling program,

sampling, coring, and testing procedures.

For Class I wells, a deviation survey will be run at least every ninety

(90) feet (every three (3) joints) of the cased portion of the well and at

more frequent intervals when necessary, to insure that the casing can

be set and centered for cementing. The maximum deviation at each

measurement shall not exceed one degree (1F) deviation from vertical.

This requirement may be waived, or less stringent requirements

applied in some cases, provided that the Tribe submits proof that such

modification will not adversely affect the successful construction and

future operation of the well in such a way as to threaten underground

sources of drinking water with contamination.

For Class I wells, directional surveys may be required, if, after an

analysis of the well design and drilling program, it is deemed

necessary. The directional survey shall be conducted during drilling

or in the pilot hole and the reamed hole as separate surveys before

6-23

running the casing.

The Tribe may be required to demonstrate that salt used for density

control during drilling will not adversely affect the establishment of

background water quality for monitoring purposes.

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6.2.3.4

Casings

The casings used in the construction of each newly drilled Class I and

III well shall be designed for the life expectancy of the well, and shall

be new and unused for Class 1 wells.

The number, thickness, type of materials, and length of casing shall be

sufficient to protect the quality of drinking water resources, the integrity

of the well, and the confining strata. At a minimum, the final string of

casing shall be made of seamless mild steel pipe having a 0.500 inch

wall thickness. If the Tribe proposes to use pipe composed of other

than 0.500 inch wall seamless mild steel for the final casing, they shall

demonstrate that the proposed material and thicknesses will not

compromise the integrity or operation of the well.

Exact setting depths of all casings shall be determined in the field

based on all available information, and subject to District approval.

6.2.3.5

Cementing

The Tribe shall submit the proposed cementing program with the

design specifications for Class I or III wells. The cement used in the

construction of each newly drilled well shall be designed for the life

expectancy of the well. In determining and specifying casing and

cementing requirements, the following factors shall be considered:

Depth to the injection zone.

Injection pressure, external pressure, internal pressure, and axial

Hole size.

Size and grade of all casing strings (wall thickness, diameter, nominal

weight, length, joint specification, and construction material).

Corrosiveness of injected fluid, formation fluids, and temperatures.

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Lithology of injection and confining zones. And:

Type or grade of cement.

Cement must be compatible with the injected fluid, native fluids, and

the formation, but in no case less than the quality of American Society

of Testing and Materials Type 2 or its equivalent (Standard

Specification for Portland Cement, American National Standards Institute/American Society of Testing and Materials C 150-78(a), 1978).

Design specifications, when submitted for approval, shall include a list

of cement additives which may be needed in the operation. If an

additive is not in the design specifications, the Tribe shall obtain prior

approval for its use. Accurate records shall be kept and all additives

used shall be reported.

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Use of cement additives, water/cement ratio, and the type of water

used for mixing shall be determined by the Tribe, provided the

integrity, containment, corrosion protection, and structural strength of

the cement are not significantly affected.

Prior to cementing, the hole shall be in condition to allow optimum

bonding of the cement to the casing and formation, and to prevent

channeling.

Cement placement shall be in such a manner that the purposes and

characteristics of the cement are retained, and shall be subject to

approval and in accordance with "A Standard for Deep Wells."

American Water Well Association A100-66, 1966.

The Tribe shall submit the cement testing program for approval. The

purpose of the cement testing program is to insure that the cement

seal is adequate to prevent migration of fluids in channels,

microannular space, or voids in the cement. The methods of testing

may include, but are not limited to:

Pressure testing of the cement plug at the bottom of the casing - to not

less than 1.5 times the expected injection pressure or fifty (50) pounds

per square inch, whichever is greater.

Temperature survey - must be run within forty-eight (48) hours after

cementing.

Cement bond survey.

During cementing, adequate pressure differentials shall be maintained

to prevent collapse or distortion of the casing.

For Class I wells, the final string of casing shall have a nominal

overdrill of ten (10) inches unless the Tribe can affirmatively

demonstrate that an overdrill of not less than five (5) inches is sufficient. The annulus surrounding the final string of casing shall have a

6-27

nominal five (5) inch cement thickness from the bottom of the casing to

land surface. These requirements may be modified, provided that the

Tribe submits proof that such modification will not adversely affect the

successful construction and future operation of the well in such a way

as to threaten an underground source of drinking water with

contamination.

The remaining casings must have a minimum

thickness of two and one-half (2-1/2) inches of cement surrounding the

casings with not less than five (5) inches of overdrill. A nominal ten

(10) inch overdrill shall be required with any intermediate string of

casing for which an annular monitor tube of up to two and three eighth

(2-3/8) inch maximum outer diameter is to be emplaced.

Commensurate increases in the overdrill shall be required for monitor

tubes larger than 2 3/8 inches in outer diameter. The Tribe shall

include a centralizing outline for the purpose of centralizing the casing

when submitting the cementing program, to provide adequate annular

space around the casing for proper cementing.

6.2.3.6

I Wells

Testing During Drilling and Construction of New Class

Appropriate geophysical surveys and other tests shall be conducted

during the drilling and construction of new Class I wells. A descriptive

report, interpreting the results of such geophysical surveys and tests

shall be presented for in-progress reviews, as part of periodic progress

reports, or in letter form as appropriate. Such reports shall include

field copies of the surveys and test data and analyses results at the

level required to support field decisions made during drilling or

proposed during in-progress reviews. At a minimum, such surveys

and tests shall include:

Deviation checks which shall be in accordance with subsection

6.2.3.3. Such checks shall be at sufficiently frequent intervals to

assure that vertical avenues for fluid migration in the form of diverging

holes are not created during drilling.

Such other geophysical surveys and tests as may be necessary after

taking into account the availability of similar data in the area of the

drilling site, the construction plan, and the need for additional

information that may arise from time to time as the construction of the

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well progresses. In determining which geophysical surveys and tests

shall be required, the following geophysical surveys shall be

considered for use in the following situations:

For surface casing intended to protect underground sources of

drinking water:

Resistivity, sonic survey, spontaneous potential, and mechanical or

sonar caliper surveys before the casing is installed.

And:

ii.

A cement bond, temperature, or density survey after the casing is

set and cemented.

For intermediate and long strings of casing intended to facilitate

injection:

Resistivity, spontaneous potential, porosity, and gamma ray

surveys before the casing is installed.

ii.

Fracture finder surveys. And:

iii.

A cement bond, temperature, or density survey after the casing is

set and cemented.

For Class I wells in which an annular monitor tube is proposed for

other than the final or innermost casing:

A caliper survey in the reamed hole which is to contain the monitor

tube and.

ii.

A temperature survey may be required in the monitor tube after the

monitor tube has been set and cemented.

The following information concerning the injection formation shall be

determined or calculated for new Class I wells:

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Fluid pressure.

Temperature.

Fracture pressure.

Other physical and chemical characteristics of the injection matrix.

And:

Physical and chemical characteristics of the formation fluids.

6.2.3.7

Testing Integrity of Completed Class I Wells Upon

completion of construction, the completed wells will be tested to

assure that the wells will function as built. Tests to be performed may

include, but not be limited to:

Cement Bond Survey.

Temperature Survey.

Pressure test of final casing to at least 1.5 times the expected injection

pressure for one (1) hour, with no pressure drop after temperature

correction.

Video Television Survey - from top to bottom of the well for baseline

monitoring purposes.

Injection tests.

Withdrawal Tests - if necessary and if possible. And:

Caliper survey.

6.2.3.8

Testing of Class III Wells

Appropriate geophysical surveys and other tests shall be conducted

during the drilling and construction of new Class III wells. Upon

completion of construction, the completed well system will be tested to

assure that the well system will function as designed at the design

operation pressures. A descriptive report interpreting the results of

such surveys and tests shall be prepared and submitted. The

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surveys and tests appropriate to each type of Class III well shall be

determined based on the intended function, depth, construction and

other characteristics of the well, availability of similar data in the area

of the drilling site and the need for additional information that may

arise from time to time as the construction of the well progresses. At

a minimum, such surveys and tests shall include deviation checks

conducted on all holes where pilot holes and reaming are used, at

sufficiently frequent intervals to assure that vertical avenues for fluid

migration in the form of diverging holes are not created during drilling.

Where the injection zone is a water bearing formation, the following

information concerning the injection zone shall be determined or

calculated for new Class III wells:

Fluid pressure.

Temperature.

Fracture pressure.

Other physical and chemical characteristics of the injection zone.

Physical and chemical characteristics of the formation fluids. And:

Compatibility of injected fluids with formation fluids.

Where the injection formation is not a water bearing formation, the

information listed in subparagraphs (B)(3) and (B)(4) of this subsection

must be submitted.

6.2.3.9

Environmental Concerns During Construction

For Class I and III wells, the disposal of drilling fluids or cuttings, and

the disposal of formation water or waste during testing shall be in a

sound environmental manner that avoids violation of federal surface

and ground water quality standards. The proposed disposal method

must be approved by the District prior to start of construction.

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For Class I wells the use of drilling pads will be required. The pads

will be designed to collect spillage of contaminants and to support the

heaviest load that will be encountered during drilling. At locations

where the unconfined aquifer contains less than 10,000 mg/l total

dissolved solids, monitor wells capable of detecting any contamination

of the unconfined aquifer from drilling activities shall be required.

For Class I wells, flow control shall be used when drilling into

formations in which pressure heads exceed land surface, to prevent

uncontrolled release of formation or drilling fluids at land surface.

For Class III wells, the Tribe is advised that permits may be required

for surface facilities associated with the mining activity.

6.2.4

Operating Requirements for Class I and III Wells

6.2.4.1

Class I Well Operating Requirements Operating

requirements for Class I wells shall, at a minimum, specify that:

To preserve the integrity of the formations, bottom hole (including

hydrostatic) pressure shall not exceed a maximum so as to insure that

the injection pressure does not initiate new fractures in the injection

zone, initiate fractures in the confining zone, significantly alter the fluid

movement capabilities of the confining zone, or cause the movement

of injection or formation fluids into an underground source of drinking

water or into an essential monitoring zone.

The integrity of the well structure shall be protected; hence, total

pressure shall not exceed the maximum allowable stress of the

materials used to construct the well.

Injection for disposal purposes is prohibited:

Between the outermost casing protecting the underground sources of

drinking water and the well bore.

Through annular monitor tubes. And:

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Through wells designed to monitor the injection zone except when

specifically designed as a temporary injection well or approved (in

writing) for emergency discharge use.

Unless an alternative to a packer has been approved, the annulus

between the tubing, where required, and the final or innermost string

of casing shall be filled with a fluid and a pressure shall be maintained

on the annulus. Both the type of fluid and the proposed pressure

shall be approved.

The maximum velocity of injected fluid shall not exceed the point

where the mechanical limits of the well design or structure of the

formation will be adversely affected. The maximum injection velocity

of a well that begins operation after June 1, 1985 shall not exceed

eight (8) feet per second (ft/sec), unless the Tribe can prove that

higher velocities will not compromise the integrity or operation of the

well.

6.2.4.2

Class III Well Operating Requirements Operating

requirements prescribed for Class III wells shall, at a minimum, specify

that:

Injection pressure at the wellhead shall not exceed a maximum which

shall be calculated to assure that the pressure in the injection zone

during injection does not initiate new fractures in the confining zone, or

cause the migration of injection or formation fluids into an underground

source of drinking water.

Injection between the outermost casing protecting underground

sources of drinking water and the well bore is prohibited.

Where the proposed mining operation includes mining a portion of the

confining zone, a sufficient amount of confining zone must remain to

provide an effective confinement that protects aquifers above and

below the mining area.

6.2.4.3

Operation and Maintenance Manual

The operation and maintenance manual(s) for injection well disposal

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facilities, or portions thereof, shall be prepared for the use of

operators, maintenance personnel, technicians, laboratory personnel

and others, as appropriate, and shall consist of:

Written instructions provided to the injection system operators for the

safe, reliable operation of the system.

Records of the basic engineering design and equipment description.

A program to assure proper maintenance of the system.

Each operation and maintenance manual is subject to approval.

The Tribe or operator of the facility shall provide a copy of the

approved manual to the operators, maintenance personnel,

technicians, laboratory personnel and others, as appropriate. The

manual(s) shall be available for reference at the facility or other

approved site.

Revisions to the Manual may be required to reflect any facility

modifications performed, in order to comply with the requirements of

this Chapter, or to reflect experience resulting from facility operation.

6.2.4.4

Abnormal Events

In the event the Tribe is temporarily unable to comply with any of the

criteria outlined in this Chapter, due to breakdown of equipment,

power outages, destruction by hazard of fire, wind, or by other cause,

the Tribe shall notify the District. Notification shall be made to the

office of the District within twenty-four (24) hours of breakdown or

malfunction - in person, by telephone, or by telegraph.

A report shall be required within seventy-two (72) hours of the

notification referenced in (A), above. A final written report shall be

submitted within two (2) weeks and shall describe the nature and

cause of the breakdown or malfunction, the steps being taken or

planned to be taken to correct the problem and prevent its

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reoccurrence, emergency procedures in use pending correction of the

problem, and the time when the facility will again be operating in

compliance with the criteria in this Chapter.

If the Tribe is unable to use the approved primary disposal method

under emergency conditions, the Tribe may use an emergency

discharge only if prior approval of the emergency method has been

obtained. The Tribe shall address the emergency disposal methods

in the plan and the operating manual.

In the event a well must be redeveloped, the Tribe shall address

disposal of backwashed fluids. The disposal method shall be

approved.

6.2.5

Monitoring Well Construction Standards for Class I and III

Wells

6.2.5.1

General Design Considerations

For Class I wells, associated on-site, cluster, multi-horizon, or annular

monitoring wells shall not penetrate the injection zone or final confining

bed.

For satellite and regional monitor wells associated with Class I wells,

cluster or multi-horizon monitoring wells may penetrate the injection

zone or final confining bed only if the Tribe can demonstrate that the

underground sources of drinking water and confining strata will be

protected, the integrity of the monitoring and injection well system will

be protected, and the well is designed in such a way that it can be

easily repaired.

All monitoring wells constructed for Class III injection operations shall

be constructed in accordance with Chapter 5 and applicable federal

rules and regulations.

Approval is required prior to any remedial procedures that alter the

basic design specifications.

6.2.5.2

Exploratory Pilot HoleFor Class I wells, an exploratory

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pilot hole may be required, and the hole may be required to be drilled

in stages. If the Tribe does not propose an exploratory pilot hole, the

Tribe must demonstrate that it is not needed for logging or other

purposes.

6.2.5.3

Drilling

A step-by-step drilling plan may be required to

be submitted with the design specifications.

6.2.5.4

Casings and Tubing

The casings or tubing used in the construction of each newly drilled

well shall be designed for the life expectancy of the well.

The number, thickness, type of material, and length of casing or tubing

shall be sufficient to protect the quality of drinking water resources,

and the integrity of the well and the confining strata. The type of

materials used in the monitoring well shall not bias the sampling

parameters used in the monitoring program.

Exact setting depths for all casings or tubing shall be determined in the

field, based on all available information, and subject to prior approval.

6.2.5.5

Cementing

The Tribe shall submit the proposed cementing program with the

design specifications. The cement used in the construction of each

newly drilled well shall be designed for the life expectancy of the well.

The Tribe shall submit a list of proposed additives for District approval.

Cement must be compatible with the native fluids and the formation,

but in no case less than the quality of American Society for Testing

and Materials Type 2 or its equivalent (Standard Specification for

Portland Cement, American National Standards Institute/American

Society for Testing and Materials, C150-781A, 1978).

Cement placement shall be in such a manner that the purposes and

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characteristics of the cement are retained, and shall be subject to

approval and in accordance with "AWWA Standard for Deep Wells,"

American Water Well Association, A100-66, 1966.

The Tribe shall submit the cement testing program for approval.

For Class I monitor wells, other than annular monitor wells, a nominal

thickness of two and one-half (2-1/2) inches of cement surrounding the

casings with not less than five (5) inches of overdrill is required, except

for the annulus being used for monitoring in wells with open annulus

monitoring.

All casings and tubing shall be centralized where possible to ensure

uniform cementing.

All outer surfaces of casing or tubing which are uncemented shall be

protected from corrosion for a minimum of thirty (30) feet above and

below the uncemented portion.

6.2.5.6

Testing of Monitoring Well Construction

Tests may include, but not be limited to:

Cement Bond Survey.

Temperature Survey.

Pressure test to at least 1.5 times the expected ultimate monitoring

pressure, but not less than fifty (50) pounds per square inch for one (1)

hour, with no pressure drop after temperature correction.

A pumping test to determine if the monitor well has sufficient capacity

to yield a representative ground water sample.

Chemical analyses of water from strata tapped by well.

Water level measurement referenced to mean sea level.

6-37

6.2.6

Monitoring Requirements for Class I and III Wells

6.2.6.1

Class I Wells

For

Class

requirements shall, at a minimum, include:

wells,

monitoring

The analysis of the injected fluids at a frequency specified by the

District, to yield representative data on their characteristics.

The installation and use of continuous indicating, recording, and

totalizing devices to monitor flow rate and volume, and installation and

use of continuous indicating and recording devices to monitor the

injection pressure and the pressure on the annulus between the tubing

and the final or innermost string of casing, if there is an annulus.

A controlled injection test or a bottom hole pressure survey, if a

long-term trend of increasing injection pressure is indicated.

A demonstration of mechanical integrity at least once every five (5)

years during the life of the well. And:

As part of the baseline monitoring information, a video television

survey from the surface to the bottom of the injection zone shall be run

prior to injection, but after completion of testing, except for those wells

that inject through tubing or where it is physically impossible to do so,

and every five (5) years thereafter, or more frequently if deemed

necessary.

The television survey may be either black and white or color.

Adequate provisions must be made to centralize the camera in the

borehole.

Before running the survey, adequate provisions shall be made to

assure that fluid in both the casing and open borehole is of sufficient

clarity to provide a baseline survey of acceptable quality.

Within the area of review, the type, number, and location of well(s) to

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be used to monitor any potential migration of fluids into, or in the

direction of underground sources of drinking water, and pressure in

the underground sources of drinking water; the parameters to be

measured and the frequency of monitoring shall be stated by the

District.

The background water quality of the injection zone and the monitoring

zone(s) shall be determined prior to injection for both domestic

wastewater and industrial Class I wells (including reverse osmosis

reject water), in accordance with the sampling and testing methods

approved by the District.

Background levels shall be determined pursuant to the following

criteria:

For monitor zones in underground sources of drinking water - the

primary and secondary drinking water quality parameters, and the

minimum criteria provided in federal legislation.

For the injection zone and monitor zones in other ground waters - the

criteria shall be established on a case-by-case basis.

Monitor wells shall be required above the injection zone near the

injection well, field or project.

The Tribe shall be able to monitor the following:

The absence of fluid movement adjacent to the well bore as required

in subsection 6.1.3.6. And:

The long-term effectiveness of the confining zone.

Monitor wells may be required above and in the injection zone at a

sufficient distance from the well, field or project for regional monitoring.

For Class I wells, a five (5) gallon unacidized representative sample of

native water from the injection zone shall, where practical, be collected

and provided to a laboratory specified by the District.

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Post-Closure Monitoring For Class I wells, the Tribe may be

required to submit a post-closure monitoring plan designed to monitor

the attenuation of any pressure effects and water quality changes

caused by the underground injection operation, both in the injection

zone and/or in overlying aquifers. The proposed monitoring plan

shall, at a minimum, utilize the injection wells and associated monitor

wells, to the extent that they are capable of yielding representative

ground water samples. The proposed monitoring plan may also

include other accessible wells.

Items to be addressed by the Tribe in the proposed post-closure

monitoring plan shall include, but not be limited to:

Designation of the wells to be used for post-closure monitoring.

The parameters to be monitored, by well.

The sampling frequency.

The proposed duration of the post-closure monitoring period. And:

A documented estimate of the total cost of the post-closure monitoring

program.

A revision of the post-closure monitoring plan may be required, when

appropriate, in order to reflect changes in the design or scope of the

underground injection operation, inflation of costs associated with the

plan, or other factors resulting from the construction or operation of the

injection well system. The Tribe also may initiate modification of the

post-closure monitoring plan, subject to approval.

6.2.6.2

Class III Wells For

Class

requirements shall, at a minimum, specify:

III

wells,

monitoring

The analyses of the physical and chemical characteristics of the

injected fluid with sufficient frequency to yield representative data on

its characteristics.

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Installation and use of continuous recording devices to monitor the

injection pressure, flow rate and volume.

The demonstration of mechanical integrity pursuant to subsection

6.1.3.6, at least once every five (5) years during the life of the well.

Weekly monitoring of fluid level and of the parameters chosen to

measure water quality in the injection zone with sufficient frequency to

yield representative data on its characteristics.

Quarterly monitoring of wells adjacent to the injection site to detect any

migration from the injection zone into an underground source of

drinking water.

All Class III wells may be monitored on a field or project basis rather

than an individual well basis by manifold monitoring. Manifold

monitoring may be used in cases of facilities consisting of more than

one (1) injection well operating with a common manifold. Separate

monitoring systems for each well are not required provided the

Tribe/operator demonstrates that manifold monitoring is comparable to

individual well monitoring.

The Tribe may be required to monitor for a period of time after mining

operations cease. If the monitoring reveals violations, the Tribe must

investigate and take corrective action.

Monitoring Criteria

Where injection is into a formation which contains water with less than

10,000 mg/l total dissolved solids, monitoring wells shall be completed

into the injection zone and into any underground sources of drinking

water above, and may be required below, the injection zone which

could be affected by the mining operation. These wells shall be

located in such a fashion as to detect any excursion of injected fluids,

process by-products, or formation fluids outside the mining area or

zone. The monitoring wells shall be located so that they will not be

physically affected if the operation is subject to subsidence or catastrophic collapse.

6-41

Where injection is into a formation which does not contain water with

less than 10,000 mg/l total dissolved solids, monitoring wells may be

required above and in the injection zone.

Where the injection wells penetrate an underground source of drinking

water in an area subject to subsidence or catastrophic collapse, an

adequate number of monitoring wells shall be completed into the

underground source of drinking water to detect any movement of

injected fluids, process by-products or formation fluids into the

underground source of drinking water. The monitoring wells shall be

located outside the physical influence of the subsidence or

catastrophic collapse.

Monitoring for subsidence may be required.

In determining the number, location, construction and frequency of

monitoring of the monitoring wells the following criteria shall be

considered:

The population relying on the underground source of drinking water

affected or potentially affected by the injection operation.

The proximity of the injection operation to points of withdrawal of

drinking water.

The local geology and hydrology.

The operating pressures and whether a negative pressure gradient is

being maintained.

The toxicity and volume of the injected fluid, the formation water, and

the process by-products. And:

Number of injection wells per unit area.

6.2.7

Reporting Requirements for Class I and III Wells

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6.2.7.1

Class I Exploratory Well Construction and Class I Test/

Injection Well Construction

Periodic data reports and progress reports may be required that may

include, but not be limited to, the following:

Driller's log

Geophysical surveys

Core analyses

Lithologic Logs

Drill stem tests

Pump tests

Daily job (construction) reports

Water quality analyses.

Interpretation of data contained in the data reports or progress reports

is required at the completion of each significant phase of construction,

such as completion of test well construction and testing, completion of

injection well construction, and completion of injection well testing.

The Tribe shall submit final reports of all data collected from the

exploratory well with interpretations, with the plan for a Class I

test/injection well construction and testing. The final report submitted

with the proposal for a Class I Injection Well Operation Plan shall

include, but not be limited to, the following:

A map showing the location of the proposed injection wells or well field

area and the applicable area of review. Within the area of review, the

map must show the number and location of all producing wells,

injection wells, abandoned wells, dry hole, surface bodies of water,

springs, public water systems, mines (surface and subsurface),

quarries, water wells and other pertinent surface features, including

residences and roads. The map should also show faults, if known or

suspected.

Only information of public record and pertinent

information known to the Tribe is required to be included on the map.

A tabulation of data on all wells within the area of review which

penetrate into the proposed injection zone, confining zone, or

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proposed monitoring zone. Such data shall include a description of

each well's type, construction, date drilled, location, depth, record of

plugging and/or completion, and any additional information the District

may require.

Maps and cross sections indicating the general vertical and lateral

limits within the area of review of all underground sources of drinking

water, their position relative to the injection formation and the direction

of water movement, where known, in each underground source of

drinking water which may be affected by the proposed injection.

Maps and cross sections detailing the hydrology and geologic

structures of the local area.

Generalized maps and cross sections illustrating the regional geologic

setting.

Proposed operating data:

Average and maximum daily rate and volume of the fluid to be

injected.

Average and maximum injection pressure. And:

Source and an analysis of the chemical, physical, radiological and

biological characteristics of injection fluids, including any additives for

Class III wells. For Class I wells, a demonstration that the effluent

quality meets the applicable federal standards.

Proposed formation testing program to obtain an analysis of the

chemical, physical and radiological characteristics of, and other

information on the injection zone.

Proposed stimulation program.

Proposed injection procedure.

10.

Engineering drawings of the surface and subsurface construction

details of the system, including design features for surge control and

6-44

water hammer protection.

11.

Contingency plans to cope with all shut-ins or well failures, or, for

Class III wells, catastrophic collapse, to protect the quality of the

waters of the State including emergency discharge provisions.

12.

Plans (including maps) and proposed monitoring data to be reported

for meeting the monitoring requirements in 6.2.6.

13.

For wells within the area of review which penetrate the injection zone,

but are not properly completed or plugged, the corrective action

proposed to be taken under 6.1.3.3.

14.

Construction procedures including a cementing and casing program,

logging procedures, deviation checks and a drilling, testing and coring

program.

15.

For Class III wells, expected changes in pressure, native fluid

displacement, direction of movement of injection fluid.

16.

For Class III wells, a proposed monitoring plan, which includes a plan

for detecting migration of fluids into underground sources of drinking

water, a plan to detect water quality violations in the monitoring well,

and the proposed monitoring data to be submitted.

17.

For Class I, a period of temporary injection operation for the purposes

of long term testing shall be required. Each well shall be tested for

integrity of construction, and shall be followed by a short term injection

test of sufficient duration to allow for the prediction of the operating

pressure.

18.

During the period of temporary injection operation, the District may

require periodic inspections at certain stages of construction.

19.

For Class III wells, a period of temporary operation for the purpose of

testing shall be required. Each well must first be tested for integrity of

6-45

construction, prior to any injection testing.

6.2.7.2

Class I Injection Well Operation

The Tribe must submit the proposed methodology for collection and

reporting of operational data, to ensure that the data is collected,

correlated, and reported in a fashion that would enable the District to

evaluate well performance.

The frequency of reporting shall at a minimum include:

Operating reports on:

The physical, chemical and other relevant characteristics of injection

fluids.

Daily readings of the pressure and flow for each well shall be

submitted. For each domestic effluent disposal well, a specific

injectivity test shall be performed quarterly while the pumping rate to

the well(s) has been set at a predetermined level and reported as the

specific injectivity index (gpm/specific pressure (psig)). The Tribe

shall propose which pumping rate will be used based on the expected

flow, the design of the pump station, including the volume of the wet

well and pump type(s), and the type of pump controls used.

Monthly average, maximum and minimum values for injection

pressure, flow rate and volume, and annular pressure. And:

The results of monitoring prescribed under subsection 6.2.5.1.

Reporting the results within three (3) months after the completion of:

Periodic tests of mechanical integrity.

Any other test of the injection well conducted by the Tribe if required.

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Any well work over.

Additional data to be submitted with the periodic operations reports, at

the request of the District.

Progress reports, if required, shall be submitted no later than thirty

(30) days following each interim date and the final date of compliance.

6.2.7.3

Class III Well Construction/ Operating/ Plugging and

Abandonment Reports

Periodic data reports and progress reports may be required that may

include, but not be limited to, the following:

Driller's log

Geophysical surveys

Core analyses

Lithologic logs

Drill stem tests

Withdrawal or aquifer tests

Number of wells constructed, abandoned, in operation, and recorded

on property deeds

Results of post-closure monitoring

Daily construction reports

The frequency of reporting shall be specified by the District.

However, the Tribe may be required to submit monthly operating

reports that shall include, but not be limited to, the number of wells

constructed, number in operation, number abandoned, and number of

wells recorded on property deeds for that month.

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Interpretation of data contained in the data reports or progress reports

is required at the completion of each significant phase of construction.

Reporting Requirements

minimum include:

Quarterly reporting on required monitoring.

Results of mechanical integrity and any other periodic test to be

reported with the first regular quarterly report after the completion of

the test. And:

Monitoring may be required to be reported on a project or field basis

rather than individual well basis.

At least once every year, but more frequently if specified, the Tribe

shall record the plugging method and location of each well abandoned

during that year in the public records of the County.

The Tribe shall submit a Final Report with interpretations of all data

collected. The Final Report shall include, but not be limited to, all

information and data collected under Part 6.2, with appropriate

interpretations.

6.2.7.4

Reporting

requirements

shall,

Abandonment Reports for Class I and III Wells

Upon completion of plugging and abandonment of a well or well field,

the Tribe shall submit a Final Report which includes, but is not limited

to, the following:

Certification of completion in accordance with approved plans and

specifications by the engineer of record.

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Evidence, such as a sealed copy or

certification from the county clerk, that a surveyor's plot of the location of the

abandoned wells has been recorded in the County public records.

6.2.8

Plugging and Abandonment Criteria and Procedures for

Class I and III Wells

6.2.8.1

A well may be ordered plugged when it has been

abandoned or when it is determined to be a threat to the waters of the

State.

6.2.8.2

Any Class I or III well approval shall include conditions to

ensure that plugging and abandonment of the well will not allow the

movement of fluids either into an underground source of drinking

water, or from one underground source of drinking water to another.

The Tribe shall be required to submit a plan for plugging and

abandonment, which may include post-closure monitoring of the

injection operation.

The post-closure monitoring plan shall be

designed in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 6.2.6.1(I).

For the purposes of this section, temporary intermittent cessation of

injection operations is not abandonment. Where applicable, the

plugging and abandonment plan shall address the proposed

post-closure monitoring.

6.2.8.3

Prior to abandoning Class I or III wells, the well shall be

plugged with cement in a manner which will not allow the movement of

fluids either into, or between underground sources of drinking water.

Class III wells may be plugged using other plugging materials if it is

satisfactorily shown that such materials will prevent movement of fluids

into, or between underground sources of drinking water. The

proposed plugging method and type of plugging material shall be

approved.

6.2.8.4

Placement of the plugging material shall be accomplished

by one of the following methods:

The Balance Method.

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The Dump Bailer Method.

The Two-Plug method. Or:

Any other recognized method as effective or more effective than the

above which is approved by the District.

6.2.8.5

The well to be abandoned shall, prior to the placement of

the cement plug(s), be in a state of static equilibrium, with the mud

weight equalized from top to bottom, either by circulating the mud in

the well at least once or by a comparable approved method.

6.2.8.6

The Tribe shall notify the District at least hundred eighty

(180) days before conversion or abandonment of a Class I well, unless

abandonment within a lesser period of time is necessary to protect the

waters of the State.

6.2.8.7

For all Class I wells, the final or innermost string of casing

shall be filled with neat cement grout, or an approved equivalent, from

the bottom of the casing to the surface. The use of other fillers may

be allowed in the open hole, provided that the objectives of confining

injected fluids to the injection horizon and prevention of migration of

injected and/or native fluids between aquifers are satisfied. Annular

monitor tubes in an injection well may be left unplugged temporarily if

they are to be used for their intended purpose and do not compromise

the objectives listed above. If temporarily left open, the annular monitor tubes shall be plugged with cement at the end of post-closure

monitoring. If the tubes are not used for monitoring, they shall be

filled with neat cement from the bottom of the monitor zone to land

surface.

6.2.8.8

The plugging and abandonment plan required in section

6.2.8 shall, in the case of a Class III well field which underlies or is in

an exempted aquifer, also demonstrate that no movement of

contaminants from the mined zone into an underground source of

drinking water will occur. Aquifer cleanup and monitoring shall be

prescribed where deemed necessary and feasible to insure that no

migration of contaminants from the mined zone into an underground

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source of drinking water will occur.

6.2.8.9

In the event a radioactive source tool has been

irretrievably lost down an injection well, the District shall be

immediately notified. The well shall not be plugged until all applicable

Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations have been satisfied.

6.2.8.10

The Tribe or operator of a well must provide adequate

documentation that the well was properly abandoned.

6.3

CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR CLASS IV WELLS

6.3.1

General For the purposes of this Chapter the definition of a

Class IV well specifically includes the disposal of fluids containing

hazardous waste from any septic tank or cesspool used by generators

of hazardous waste, or by owners or operators of hazardous waste

management facilities, into, or above an underground source of

drinking water.

6.3.2

General Prohibition of Class IV Wells

The construction or operation of any Class IV well is prohibited.

6.4

6.4.1

CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR CLASS V WELLS

General

6.4.1.1

This Part sets forth criteria and standards for all injection

wells not covered in previous sections. Generally, wells covered in

this Part inject non-hazardous fluids into, or above formations that

contain underground sources of drinking water. Included are wells

not covered in Class IV that inject natural and man-made radioactive

materials, provided these concentrations do not exceed current federal

drinking water standards.

6.4.1.2

Classification of Class V Wells Various types of Class

V wells that exist or may exist in Florida are grouped together by

expected quality of the injected fluid, in order to facilitate the

determination of permitting, operating, and monitoring requirements for

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these wells. The groups are:

Group 1 Wells associated with thermal energy exchange

processes, which include air conditioning return flow wells and cooling

water return flow wells. Cooling water return flow wells may be part of

a closed-loop system, with no hazardous additives, or part of an

open-loop system that may use additives.

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Group 2 Recharge wells, saltwater intrusion barrier wells, connector

wells, and subsidence control wells.

Group 3 Wells which are part of domestic waste treatment systems,

swimming pool drainage wells, injection wells used in experimental

technologies, and wells used to inject spent brine into the same

formation from which it was withdrawn after extraction of halogens or

their salts.

Group 4 Non-hazardous industrial and commercial disposal wells,

which include laundry waste, dry wells, sand backfill wells, and nuclear

disposal wells used to inject radioactive wastes, provided the

concentrations of the waste do not exceed federal drinking water

standards, and injection wells used for in situ recovery of phosphate,

uraniferous sandstone, clay, sand, and other minerals extracted by the

borehole slurry mining method.

Group 5

Lake level drainage and stormwater drainage wells.

Group 6

Geothermal wells and "other" wells.

6.4.1.3

The use of any Class V well for injection shall not present

a hazard to any existing or future use of an underground source of

drinking water.

6.4.2

Well Construction Standards for Class V Wells

6.4.2.1

The variety of Class V wells and their uses dictate a variety

of construction designs consistent with those uses, and precludes

specific construction standards for each type of Class V well outlined

in this Chapter. However, a well must be designed and constructed

for its intended use, in accordance with good engineering practices,

and the design and construction must be approved.

6.4.2.2

The design criteria for Class I wells (6.2) may be applied to

the construction of Class V wells, including surge and water hammer

protection measures, and other factors.

6.4.2.3

Class V wells shall be constructed so that their intended

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use does not violate applicable federal water quality standards at the

point of discharge, except where specifically exempted. Migration or

mixing of fluids from aquifers of substantively different water quality

(through the construction or use of a Class V well) shall be prevented

by preserving the integrity of confining beds between these aquifers

through cementing or some other acceptable method.

6.4.2.4

A well completion report, defining details of construction

and describing various formations penetrated by the well, shall be

submitted within two (2) days after completion of the drilling operation.

6.4.2.5

Samples of formations penetrated may be required. If

required, and when drilling is completed, samples shall be forwarded

to:

State Geologist

903 West Tennessee Street

Tallahassee, Florida 32304

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6.4.2.6

If casing is used within the well, it shall, at a minimum, meet

the requirements for water well construction set forth in Chapter 5.

6.4.2.7

Class V wells shall not be dynamited, except with written

permission from the District.

6.4.2.8

A test well or boring shall be filled with cement within five (5)

days after completion of the testing for which it was drilled. Such test

wells or borings shall not be used as drainage wells unless approval has

been obtained in accordance with this Chapter.

6.4.3

Operating Requirements for Class V Wells

6.4.3.1

All Class V wells shall be operated in such a manner that they

do not present a hazard to an underground source of drinking water.

Effluent quality shall meet applicable federal standards.

6.4.3.2

Pre-treatment may be required for fluids injected through

existing wells, to insure that the injected fluid does not violate federal

water quality standards.

6.4.3.3

Operating requirements may be imposed on Group 1 cooling water return flow wells on an open-loop system, with additives;

Group 3, except for swimming pool drainage wells; Group 4; and Group

6.4.3.4

6.4.4

Operating requirements may be imposed on Groups 2 and 5.

Monitoring Requirements for Class V Wells

6.4.4.1

The need for monitoring shall be determined by the type of

well, nature of the injected fluid, and water quality of the receiving aquifer.

Monitoring requirements may be imposed for Groups 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6.

6.4.4.2

The nature of the fluid being injected into, or above an

underground source of drinking water from Group 4 wells is such that

monitoring may be required for wells in this group.

6.4.4.3

The frequency of monitoring shall be determined based on

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the location of the well, the nature of the injected fluid and applicable

federal regulations.

6.4.5

Reporting Requirements for Class V Wells

6.4.5.1

Reporting requirements shall be determined by the type of

well and nature of injected fluid.

6.4.5.2

Reporting shall be required for:

Group 1 - cooling water return flow wells on an open-loop system, with

additives; Group 3, except for swimming pool drainage wells; Group 4

and Group 6.

6.4.5.3

6.4.6

Reporting may be required for Groups 2 and 5.

Plugging and Abandonment for Class V Wells

6.4.6.1

A Class V well may be ordered plugged and abandoned when

it no longer performs its intended purpose, or when it is determined to be

a hazard to the ground water resource.

6.4.6.2

Prior to abandoning Class V wells, the well shall be plugged

with cement in a manner which will not allow movement of fluids between

underground sources of drinking water. The proposed plugging method

and type of cement shall be approved. Placement of the cement shall be

accomplished by any recognized and acceptable method.

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This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.