SWAPPING HARSH CHEMICALS IN (2024)

“Cleaner Cleaning”

SWAPPING HARSH CHEMICALS IN

HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS FOR

NON-TOXIC ALTERNATIVES

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska Environmental Department

Table of Contents

1-6.....Introduction

25....Laundry Detergent

7.... Hazardous Ingredients

26....Mold and Mildew Cleaners

8....Acetone

27....Oven Cleaner

8....Aerosol Products

28....Toilet Bowl Cleaner + Deodorizers

8....Ammonia

9....Diethanolamine (DEA)

9....D-Limonene

9....Ethoxylated Nonyl Phenol

10....Formaldehyde

10....Fragrance

11....Methylene Chloride

11....Monoethanolamine

11....Morpholine

12....Naphthalene

12....Parabens

12....Paradichlorobenzene

12....Phosphoric Acid

13....Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Dihydrate

29....Additional Recipes

30....Fragrant Kitchen Cleaner

30....Refrigerator Cleaner

31....Garbage Can Deodorizer

31....Garbage Disposal Cleaner

32....Copper and Brass Cleaner

32....Tub and Tile Cleaner

33....Plumbing Fixture Cleaner #1

33....Plumbing Fixture #2

34....No Streak Glass Cleaner

34....Mirror and Window Polish

13....Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach)

35....Less Toxic Ingredients

13....Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

36....Essential Oils

14....Toluene

37....Baking Soda and Vinegar

14....Turpentine

38....Castile Soap

39....Washing Soda

15....Cleaners and the Alternatives

16....All-Purpose Cleaner

17....Bleach

18....Dishwashing Soap

40....Distilled Water

41....3% Hydrogen Peroxide

42....Lemons and Citric Acid

43....Storage:Amber Glass Jars

19....Dishwasher Detergents

20....Disinfectant

44....References

21.....Drain Cleaner

45....References

22....Fabric Softener

23....Floor Cleaner, Wax, Polish

24....Floor and Furniture Polish

46....Additional Comments

Introduction

Mass-produced, ready-made cleaning

products have become a very common

item found in American homes. These

cleaning products are relatively

inexpensive, readily accessible, and easy to

use. They do not require much thought

from the user and are, seemingly,

continuously reliable without

consequence.

1

Introduction

Unknown to many consumers,

some of the most popular brands

of cleaning products do pose a

health threat to users due to their

chemical makeup.

2

Introduction

A peer-reviewed study by the Environmental

Working Group found that our everyday

cleaning products may release hundreds of

VOCs (volatile organic compounds) with many

of them being hazardous (2023.) The release of

VOCs increases the users risk of respiratory

damage, cancer, and developmental and

reproductive harms.

3

Introduction

In addition to the harmful chemicals found in

many popular cleaning products, these

products may also pose a threat to children

and individuals who may not understand the

risks of ingesting or handling the products

extensively. Therefore, a significant health

risk is present when these products are not

stored properly.

4

Introduction

Finally, many popular household cleaning

products are extremely harmful when mixed

together. Unfortunately, users may not know this

and mix products thinking that it will increase the

effectiveness of the products. There are

numerous dangerous mixes, but just to name a

few -

Bleach and Vinegar = Chlorine Gas

Bleach + Ammonia = Chloramine

Bleach + Rubbing Alcohol = Chloroform

5

Introduction

Fortunately, there are non-toxic cleaning

alternatives that are much more suitable to

be used for everyday clean ups. These nontoxic cleaning products are inexpensive,

reliable, effective, and work great for daily inhouse use.

6

Hazardous

Ingredients

Learning how to create your own daily

cleaners is a great way to implement healthconscious thinking within your home. But,

there may be times when you cannot

commit to making your own cleaners. Good

news! There are still many great brands out

there that offer cleaning minus the bad

ingredients. Identifying non-toxic cleaning

products is easy, as long as you know what

ingredients to avoid. Here are some

common hazardous ingredients found in

cleaning supplies to look out for when

searching the aisles for a healthy

alternative.

7

Hazardous Ingredients

Acetone: A neurotoxin, acetone may cause liver and

kidney damage, and damage to developing fetuses. It

is a skin and eye irritant. Acetone is found in spot

treatment cleaners, mark and scuff removers, and

other products.

Aerosol products: Aerosol propellants may contain

propane, formaldehyde (a carcinogen, neurotoxin and

central nervous system depressant), methylene

chloride (a carcinogen, neurotoxin, and reproductive

toxin), and nitrous oxide. Products applied with

aerosol sprays are broken into minute particles, which

are smaller and can be more deeply inhaled than

larger particles, thus increasing their toxic effect.

Ammonia: Undiluted, ammonia is a severe eye and

respiratory irritant that can cause severe burning pain

and corrosive damage, including chemical burns,

cataracts, and corneal damage. It can also lead to

kidney and liver damage. Repeated or prolonged

exposure to vapors can result in bronchitis and

pneumonia. Ammonia is found in a wide range of

cleaning products. When it reacts with bleach, it can

form poisonous chlorine gas that can cause burning

and watering of eyes as well as burning of the nose

and mouth.

8

Hazardous Ingredients

Diethanolamine (DEA): Listed as a suspected carcinogen

by the State of California, this chemical is a skin and

respiratory toxicant, and a severe eye irritant. DEA is

used in a wide range of household cleaning products.

D-limonene: This chemical is produced by cold-pressing

orange peels. The extracted oil is 90% d-limonene. Dlimonene is a sensitizer, neurotoxin, and moderate eye

and skin irritant. D-limonene has the potential to trigger

respiratory distress when vapors are inhaled by some

sensitive individuals. There is some evidence of

carcinogenicity. D-limonene is the active ingredient in

some insecticides. It is used as a solvent in many allpurpose cleaning products, especially 'citrus' and 'orange'

cleaners. Also listed on labels as citrus oil and orange oil.

Ethoxylated nonyl phenol: Nonyl phenols are hormone

disruptors, with some containing traces of ethylene oxide,

a known human carcinogen. Nonyl Phenols are eye and

skin irritants. They are used in laundry detergents and

other cleaning products.

9

Hazardous Ingredients

Formaldehyde: In lab tests, formaldehyde has caused cancer

and damaged DNA. Formaldehyde is also a sensitizer with

potential to cause asthma. Several laboratory studies have

shown it to be a central nervous system depressant. Exposure

to formaldehyde may cause joint pain, depression, headaches,

chest pains, ear infections, chronic fatigue, and dizziness.

While formaldehyde naturally occurs in the human body in

minute amounts, it is estimated that 20% of people exposed to

it will experience an allergic reaction. Formaldehyde is used in

a wide range of products, including some furniture polishes.

Formaldehyde may be released by other chemicals.

Fragrance: Fragrance on a label can indicate the presence of

up to 4,000 separate ingredients, most of which are synthetic.

Many compounds in fragrance are human toxins and

suspected or proven carcinogens. In 1989, the US National

Institute of Occupational Safety and Health evaluated 2,983

fragrance chemicals for health effects. They identified 884 of

them as toxic substances. Synthetic fragrances are known to

trigger asthma attacks. The US Environmental Protection

Agency found that 100% of perfumes contain toluene, which

can cause liver, kidney, and brain damage as well as damage to

a developing fetus. Symptoms reported to the FDA from

fragrance exposure have included headaches, dizziness,

rashes, skin discoloration, violent coughing, vomiting, and skin

irritation. Clinical observations by medical doctors have

shown that exposure to fragrances can affect the central

nervous system, causing depression, hyperactivity, irritability,

an inability to cope, and other behavioral changes.

10

Hazardous Ingredients

Methylene chloride: Methylene chloride is a carcinogen,

neurotoxin, and reproductive toxin. On inhalation, it can

cause liver and brain damage, irregular heartbeat, and

even heart attack. It is a severe skin and moderate eye

irritant. Used in stain removers.

Monoethanolamine: This chemical may cause liver,

kidney, and reproductive damage as well as depression

of the central nervous system. Inhalation of high

concentrations, when cleaning an oven for example, can

cause dizziness or even coma. The chemical can also be

absorbed through the skin. It is a moderate skin irritant,

and a severe eye irritant. Found in many cleaning

products, including oven cleaners, tub and tile cleaners,

laundry pre-soaks, floor strippers, and carpet cleaners.

Morpholine: This corrosive ingredient can severely

irritate and burn skin and eyes, and can even cause

blindness if splashed in eyes. Morpholine can cause liver

and kidney damage, and long-term exposure can result in

bronchitis. It reacts with nitrites (added as a

preservative in some products, or present as a

contaminant) to form carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Morpholine is a moderate to severe eye, skin, and

mucous membrane irritant. Used as a solvent in a

number of cleaning products, including some furniture

polishes and abrasive cleansers.

11

Hazardous Ingredients

Naphthalene: This registered pesticide is listed as a

suspected carcinogen in California and is most commonly

found in mothballs, and some other pest repellants as well

as in deodorizers. As a reproductive toxin, it is transported

across the placenta and can cause blood damage. It can

cause liver and kidney damage, corneal damage, and

cataracts. Skin exposure is especially dangerous to

newborns.

Parabens: Parabens are hormone disruptors. Widely used in

cleaning products as preservatives, paraben is usually

preceded by the prefixes methyl-, ethyl-, butyl-, or propyl.

Parabens may cause contact dermatitis

Paradichlorobenzene: This highly volatile registered

pesticide is in the same chemical class as DDT. It is a

suspected carcinogen, and may cause lung, liver, and kidney

damage. It is used in mothballs, some washroom

deodorizers, and urinal blocks.

Phosphoric acid: Extremely corrosive, it can severely

irritate and burn the skin and eyes. Breathing vapors can

make the lungs ache, and it may be toxic to the central

nervous system. Phosphoric Acid is found in some liquid

dishwasher detergents, metal polishes, some disinfectants,

and bathroom cleaners, especially those that remove lime

and mildew.

12

Hazardous Ingredients

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate: This corrosive

chemical is a severe eye, skin, and respiratory irritant. It

may cause liver and gastrointestinal damage, and may be

toxic to the central nervous system. It will react with

bleach to form poisonous chlorine gas that can cause

burning and watering of eyes as well as, burning of the

nose and mouth. It is found in some toilet bowl cleaners

and deodorizers, as well as, industrial detergents and

some institutional dishwashing detergents.

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach): A corrosive chemical,

sodium hypochlorite is an eye, skin, and respiratory

irritant as well as a sensitizer. It is especially hazardous

to people with heart conditions or asthma, and can be

fatal if swallowed. It may be a neurotoxin and toxic to the

liver. Found in a wide range of household cleaners.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is used

as a lathering agent. This chemical is a known skin

irritant. It also enhances the allergic response to other

toxins and allergens. The U.S. government has warned

manufacturers of unacceptable levels of dioxin formation

in some products containing this ingredient. SLS can

react with other ingredients to form cancer-causing

nitrosamines.

13

Hazardous Ingredients

Toluene: Exposure to toluene may cause liver,

kidney, and brain damage. It is also a

reproductive toxin which can damage a

developing fetus.

Turpentine: This chemical can cause allergic

sensitization and kidney, bladder, and central

nervous system damage. It is an eye irritant.

Found in specialty solvent cleaners, furniture

polish, and shoe products.

14

Cleaners and the

Alternatives

If you do feel ready to create your own non-toxic

cleaning products, follow along for some recipes!

(There will also be mention of some less toxic

alternatives to spot in the store if applicable to the

product)

*Homemade products are best used within

1-3 months after assembly

*store in a cool, dark place with

minimal sunlight

*DO NOT ingest recipes. Avoid

contact with eyes.

15

All Purpose Cleaner

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Cleaners may contain ammonia, a strong irritant which can also cause

kidney and liver damage, butyl cellusolve, a neurotoxin that can rapidly

penetrate skin, and ortho phenylphenol, a severe eye and skin irritant. Many

all-purpose cleaners contain DEA and TEA, which can react with nitrites

(added as undisclosed preservatives or present as contaminants) to form

carcinogenic nitrosamines which readily penetrate the skin. Many colored

products are made with carcinogenic coal tar colors. Hormone disrupting

parabens may be used as preservatives. Many cleaners also include

fragrances and detergents. Alternative brands may contain d-limonene, a

sensitizer which can also cause respiratory distress as well as liver, kidney,

and nervous system damage. D-limonene is a hazardous substance, although

it is derived from a natural source.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Microfiber cloths - These untreated, reusable cloths are

made of polyester and polyamide that are spun into tiny

wedge shaped strands, 100 times finer than a human hair.

They can lift off dirt, grease, and dust without the need for

cleaning chemicals, because they are formulated to

penetrate and trap dirt. There are a number of different

brands. A good quality cloth can last for several years.

Homemade Alternatives

Ingredients:

4 tablespoons baking soda

1 quart warm water

Directions: Pour solution on a clean sponge and wipe

16

Bleach

Cleaners and the Alternatives

The main ingredient in chlorine bleach is sodium hypochlorite (chlorine added

to lye). Chlorine is toxic as a skin irritant, and by inhalation. Sodium

hypochlorite can create poisonous chlorine gas if mixed with ammonia (which

may be an unlabeled ingredient in some cleaning products) or vinegar.

Workplace safety data sheets warn that sodium hypochlorite may be a

neurotoxin and can cause liver damage. People with chemical sensitivities

report adverse reactions to minute quantities of chlorine. Sodium

hypochlorite readily combines with organic matter to form organochlorines

which are highly toxic to aquatic life.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Hydrogen peroxide - drug store dilution. Use 1/2 cup per wash

load

Oxiclean - oxygen bleach

Simply Clean - Oxygen bleach

Sunshine will whiten cotton and linen

Homemade Alternatives

Ingredients:

3/4 cup 3% hydrogen peroxide

1/4 cup lemon juice

1 Tbsp. citric acid (optional– whitens clothes natural and helps to soften

water, making this more effective in hard water)

distilled water to fill

10-15 drops lemon essential oil

amber 1/2 gallon glass jug

Directions:

Pour hydrogen peroxide, lemon juice, citric acid (if using), and lemon

essential oil into an amber glass bottle. Swish around until citric acid is

dissolved.

Fill the rest of the jug with distilled water and use as you would bleach.

17

Dishwashing Soap

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Most dishwashing liquids contain detergents, coal tar based

colors, and artificial fragrance. They may contain Quaternium-15,

an eye and skin irritant which can release carcinogenic

formaldehyde. If the label says "Do not use with chlorine

bleach," then the product probably contains ammonia. Many

dyes are known to be carcinogenic, meaning that they can

penetrate the skin and be deposited on dishes. Conventional

detergents are petroleum-based.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Dr.Bronners Castile Liquid Soap can be used in

the homemade alternative

EcoLeaf

Common Good

Mrs.Meyers

Homemade Alternatives

Ingredients:

1/2 cup Castile Liquid Soap

1/2 cup water (distilled or boiled)

1 Tbsp vitamin E oil

1 Tbsp nourishing oil (sweet almond or jojoba oil)

5-10 drops essential oils

Directions:

1. In a mason jar or soap dispenser, add water first (to prevent bubbles)

then add the liquid castile soap, followed by the oils. Shake ingredients

together.

2. Shake the soap dispenser before using, then squirt a small amount on

your hands as needed, rinsing with water.

18

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Dishwasher Detergents

Many dishwasher detergents contain dry chlorine which is activated

when dissolved in water. Chlorine fumes in the steam that leaks from

dishwashers may cause eye irritation and difficulty breathing.

Dishwasher detergents may also contain quarternium-15, an eye and

skin irritant, and allergen that can release carcinogenic formaldehyde.

Dyes and artificial fragrances are common ingredients.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Ever Spring

Method Free + Clear

Clean People

Love, Home, and Planet

Homemade Alternatives

Ingredients:

1 1/2 cups citric acid

1 1/2 cups washing soda

1/2 cup baking soda

1/2 cup sea salt

Directions:

Mix to combine. Use 1 Tbsp. per load.

19

Disinfectant

Cleaners and the Alternatives

It's doubtful whether disinfectants are needed at all for most household uses.

Ordinary cleanliness is sufficient to eliminate hazardous bacteria. Soap, water and

rubbing (the old "wash your hands" requirement) is the best method to prevent

disease. The fad for disinfectants and anti-bacterials is based on a false fear of germs.

Homes do not require the same type of cleaning as hospitals, where disease and

infection is more common.

Besides being a waste of money, some brands of disinfectants use highly caustic

chemicals like sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and phosphoric acid that can

burn eyes and skin. Breathing vapors can burn lungs. Disinfectants may also contain

phenols which can damage DNA as well as the liver, kidney, and nervous systems,

cresol, a suspected carcinogen and respiratory toxin, formaldehyde, a carcinogen,

sensitizer, and suspected central nervous system depressant, chlorine, a lung irritant,

and alcohol. The best time to use an anti-bacterial is if there was/is sickness in your

house, or to clean areas that may see a high level of bad bacteria. Besides that, lesstoxic or hand-made alternatives are enough to keep your home clean.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Alcohol

Hydrogen peroxide - drugstore dilution. Use

undiluted

Clean Well

Homemade Alternatives

Ingredients:

2 cups water

20 drops of tea tree oil

2 Tbsp. white vinegar

1 tsp. liquid dish soap

Directions:

Mix all ingredients together in a spray bottle. Shake well. 20

Drain Cleaner

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Drain cleaners usually contain sodium hydroxide and sodium

hypochlorite, both of which can cause permanent damage to skin

and eyes on contact, and their vapors can burn individual’s lungs.

These chemicals are often mixed with ammonia or volatile

petroleum distillates. Drain cleaners may also contain

dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, a severe eye and skin irritant,

and dichlorodifluromethane, an eye irritant and neurotoxin. Drain

cleaners may be fatal if ingested.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Citra-Drain - contains d-limonene

Earth Enzymes Drain Opener - available at health

food stores

Flexible Metal Snake - May be more effective than

chemical drain openers. May be purchased or rented

Plunger - Use this as an alternative to drain cleaner. Do

not use the two products together

Homemade Alternatives

Ingredients:

1/2 cup baking soda

1/2 cup white vinegar

Boiling water

Directions:

Pour baking soda down drain. Add white vinegar and cover drain, if

possible. Let sit for 5 minutes, then pour a kettle of boiling water down

drain. (The vinegar and baking soda break down fatty acids, allowing

the clog to wash down the drain.) This method can be used weekly to

help prevent drain clogs. Do not use this method if you have used a

commercial drain opener, because it may still be present in the drain.

21

Fabric Softener

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Fabric softeners are designed to reduce static in synthetic fabrics. They serve no

purpose with natural fabrics. Fabric softeners may contain quaternary ammonium

compounds (quats) and imidazolidinyl, both of which are known formaldehyde

releasers. For about 5% of people, quats are an extreme sensitizer. They may cause a

variety of asthma-like symptoms, including respiratory arrest. Exposure to

formaldehyde can cause joint pain, depression, headaches, chronic fatigue, and a

variety of other symptoms. In lab tests, formaldehyde has caused cancer and damaged

DNA. Both quaternium and imidazolidinyl can cause contact dermatitis. Fabric softeners

work by leaving a residue on the fabric which never completely washes out, causing

allergic reactions through skin contact and inhalation. Fabric softeners may also contain

carcinogenic coal-tar dyes, ammonia, and very strong scents. When fabric softeners are

exposed to hot water or heat from dryers and ironing, vapors may be emitted which can

be deeply inhaled, increasing their impact.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Because conventional fabric softeners contain so many

harmful chemicals, even if they are free of added scents,

they are not a good choice for less-toxic living.

Homemade Alternatives

Directions:

Add 1/2 cup of white vinegar or baking soda to the rinse cycle to soften water

and reduce static cling.

Laundry discs or balls (reusable) soften water and help reduce static cling. A

few drops of essential oils can be added to enhance smell

A ball of aluminum foil in the dryer can reduce static cling without adding

chemicals.

You may be able to dramatically reduce your use of fabric softener and still get

the desired effect.

22

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Floor Cleaner, Wax, Polish

Conventional products often contain mineral spirits and petroleum

solvents, both of which are neurotoxic and can cause severe eye and skin

irritation as well as Stoddard solvent which is also neurotoxic. Petroleum

solvents may contain traces of carcinogenic benzene. Some wax removers

with ammonia contain tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether which can

cause narcosis and kidney injuries with repeated and prolonged skin

exposure.

Less-Toxic

Alternatives

Homemade Alternatives

Floor Cleaner

Add 1 cup of vinegar to a pail of water.

Microfiber mop - use with

Stronger Floor Cleaner

1/4 cup washing soda

plain water ( Expensive but

1 tablespoon liquid castile soap

a real revolution in mop

1/4 cup vinegar

technology. Rinses cleaner

8 liters hot water

than other mop heads and

Mix well to dissolve washing soda

saves money by eliminating

Wood Floor Cleaner

1/4 cup liquid castile soap

cleaning products. Safe for

1/2 to 1 cup vinegar

hardwood floors.)

8 liters warm water

Nature Clean - Natural

Wood Floor Polish I

Floor Cleaner

1/8 cup olive oil or other vegetable oil

TSP (trisodium phosphate)

1 tablespoon vinegar

can be used to eliminate

1 tablespoon vodka

Wood Floor Oil Polish II

built up dirt and grime. Use

Rub with olive oil.

with care, it can dull or

Wood Floor Wax

remove finishes on wood.

1 cup olive, almond or walnut oil

1/2 cup vodka

30 - 40 grams grated beeswax

40 - 55 grams carnauba wax (depends on hardness desired).

Put oil and the waxes into a wide-mouth glass jar or tin can and set in

pot of simmering water. Stir gently until waxes are dissolved. Remove

from heat and add vodka, mixing well. Allow to harden. Use a rag to rub

into the wood. If the rag "drags" too much, dip it into a tiny bit of oil.

23

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Floor and Furniture Polish

Floor and furniture polishes can contain nitrobenzene, a carcinogen, reproductive

toxin, and central nervous system toxicant which can be absorbed through the

skin, phenol, a carcinogen and severe skin irritant as well as propane, butane gas,

aliphatic naphtha, petroleum distillates, white mineral oil, and turpentine which

are all neurotoxins, and may also be eye or skin irritants. Polishes may contain

morpholine, a severe irritant which may cause kidney damage, as well as ammonia,

detergents, and synthetic fragrance. Aerosol products create microscopic particles

that can be inhaled deeply into lungs and transferred to the bloodstream. Some

products contain carcinogenic formaldehyde and nitrosamines.

Homemade Alternatives

Floor Polish

Polish with plain olive oil, almond or walnut oil.

Polish with food grade mineral oil. Although it is

petroleum based it is non-volatile and relatively

safe. Available in drug stores.

Furniture Polish

1 cup olive oil, almond or walnut oil

1/2 cup vinegar or lemon juice

Shake well and apply a small amount to a soft rag.

Spread evenly over furniture surface. Polish with

a dry cloth

24

Laundry Detergent

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Most detergents are derived from petrochemical ingredients. They may

contain bleaches, synthetic whiteners, and chemical fragrances, even in some

so-called "fragrance free" brands. Some detergents may contain ammonia,

ethanol, naphthalene, and phenol. Many liquid brands contain ethoxylated

alcohols which can be contaminated with carcinogenic 1,4-dioxane.

Detergent residues on clothes and bed linens can be a source of skin

irritation, and lingering scents from scented products can cause respiratory

and adverse reactions. Petroleum-based detergents cause more household

poisonings than any other household product. Laundry soaps, available as

bar soaps or flakes, are usually made from natural minerals and fats and tend

to be less toxic than conventional detergents.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Branch Basics

Clean people

Zum Laundry Soap

Mrs.Meyers

Love, Home, and Planet

Homemade Alternatives

Laundry Whitener

Add up to 1/2 cup of Arm & Hammer Washing Soda to washer.

Laundry Detergent

6 cups washing soda ( Arm & Hammer Washing Soda)

3 bars of 4.5-5 ounce soap, finely grated (One made with coconut oil is the best)

Optional– lemon essential oil

Directions:

1. Cut soap into small chunks. Add to blender or food processer along with washing soda.

2. Blend until a fine powder.

3. Pour into clean container (keep the essential oil next to container and add 5 drops with each

load).

To use:

Add 2-3 Tbsp per load

If washing whites, add 1/2 cup of hydrogen peroxide in the bleach compartment.

Add 1/2 cup vinegar to the fabric softener compartment.

25

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Mold and Mildew Cleaners

Mold and mildew cleaners can contain formaldehyde, a carcinogen

and sensitizer, phenol, kerosene, pentachlorophenol, chlorine, and

fungicides. The Environmental Protection Agency has classified

more than 300 different active ingredients found in antimicrobial

products including mold and mildew cleaners as pesticides.

Although labels often warn that these cleaners can be hazardous as

eye irritants, they are often sold as aerosol sprays, creating fine

mists containing minute particles which can pass through mucous

membranes more easily and can be more deeply inhaled.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Hydrogen peroxide - drug store dilution. Apply full strength.

Ultra-violet light (blue bulb) will kill mold.

Vinegar Spray- straight vinegar reportedly kills 82% of mold.

Pour some white distilled vinegar straight into a spray bottle,

spray on the moldy area, and let set without rinsing. Smell will

dissipate in a few hours.

Wash with very strong black tea and let dry.

Homemade Alternatives

Ingredients:

2 teaspoon tea tree oil

2 cups water

Directions:

Combine in a spray bottle, shake to blend,

and spray on problem areas. Do not rinse.

Makes two cups.

26

Oven Cleaner

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Conventional oven cleaners create toxic fumes

that can burn eyes, skin, and internal organs.

Lye and ammonia are often the cleaning agents

and they are especially dangerous in aerosols.

Homemade Alternatives

Option I:

Ingredients:

1 cup or more baking soda

A squirt or two of liquid soap

Directions:

Sprinkle water generously over the bottom of the oven, then cover

the grime with enough baking soda that the surface is totally white.

Sprinkle some more water over the top, let sit overnight. Wipe up the

next morning. When the worst of the mess is removed, dab a bit of

liquid detergent or soap on a sponge and wash the remaining residue

from the oven.

(If this recipe doesn’t work for you it is probably because you didn’t

use enough baking soda and/or water.)

Make a paste of baking soda and water and spread on oven interior.

Leave overnight with oven door closed. Remove with sponge or

nylon scrub pad. SOS pad can be used to remove stubborn bits.

Option II:

While oven is still warm, sprinkle water on the spill, then sprinkle

salt on it. When the oven cools down, scrape the spill away and wash

the area.

27

Toilet Bowl Cleaner

Cleaners and the Alternatives

Many toilet bowl cleaners are often highly caustic and form toxic

gases when mixed with water. They can contain ammonium chloride,

a corrosive, 1,4-dichlorobenzine, a carcinogenic pesticide which can

cause liver and kidney damage, hydrochloric acid, whose vapors can

cause coughing and breathing difficulties, and sodium

dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate which is a severe eye, skin, and

respiratory irritant, which can form carcinogenic chlorine gas.

Sulfate-based products containing sodium sulfate or sodium

bisulfate may cause asthmatic attacks.

Less-Toxic Alternatives

Hydrogen peroxide - drug store dilution

Homemade Alternatives

To remove mineral buildup, put 1-2 denture cleaner

tablets in bowl and let sit overnight, then clean .

Pour one can of Coke in toilet.

Use undiluted white vinegar to scrub the inside of the

toilet bowl. First dump a bucket of water into the toilet to

force water out of the bowl and allow access to the sides.

Pour undiluted white vinegar around the bowl and

scrub with a toilet brush to remove lime, stains and

odor.

28

Additional Recipes

29

Fragrant Kitchen Cleaner

Additional Recipes

Ingredients:

2 TBSP. White vinegar

2 pints water

4 drops essential oils

Direction:

Combine all ingredients in a spray bottle and use

as a final rinse after cleaning surfaces. Store in a

cool, dark place.

Refrigerator Cleaner

Ingredients:

2 TBSP. baking soda

1 quart warm water

Directions:

Dissolve baking soda in water. Use to wipe all surfaces

inside and out. For stubborn spots, rub with baking soda

paste. Be sure to rinse with a clean, wet cloth.

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Garbage Can Deodorizer

Additional Recipes

Ingredients:

1 cup baking soda

1 tsp. tea tree oil

Directions:

Mix together in a small bowl, working out all the

lumps with a fork. Sprinkle the mixture in the bottom

of the trash can after the liner is removed. Periodically

rinse container with white vinegar and dry in the sun

Garbage Disposal Cleaner

Ingredients:

1 cup ice

Used lemon or orange rind

Directions:

To eliminate garbage disposal odors and clean and

sharpen blades, grind ice and rinds until pulverized.

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Additional Recipes

Copper and Brass Cleaner

Ingredients:

Lemon juice

Salt, non-iodized

Cornstarch

Directions:

Mix equal parts of salt and cornstarch with lemon

juice to make a paste. Apply to surface with soft rag.

Rub gently. Rinse with warm water and mild dish

soap. Dry with a soft cloth.

Tub and Tile Cleaner

Ingredients:

White vinegar

Baking soda or non-iodized salt

Directions:

To remove film buildup on bathtubs, apply vinegar fullstrength to a sponge and wipe. Next, use baking soda or

salt as you would a scouring powder. Rub with a damp

sponge and rinse thoroughly with clean

water.

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Additional Recipes

Plumbing Fixture Cleaner #1

Use to clean stainless steel, chrome, fiberglass, ceramic

porcelain or enamel fixtures

Ingredients:

2 TBSP. baking soda

1 quart water

Directions:

Dissolve the baking soda in the water. Wipe on the fixture

then rinse.

Plumbing Fixture #2

Hard lime deposits around faucets can be softened

for easy removal by covering the deposits with

vinegar-soaked paper towels.

Ingredients:

white vinegar

Paper towels

Direction:

Soak paper towels in vinegar and leave them on the

surface. Wipe clean after about an hour.

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Additional Recipes

No Streak Glass Cleaner

Ingredients:

1/4 cup white vinegar

1 TBSP. cornstarch

2 quarts warm water

Directions:

Mix the ingredients and apply with a sponge or pour into

spray bottle and spray on. For lint-free results, wipe dry

with crumpled newspaper, buff to a shine.

Mirror and Window Polish

Ingredients:

Cornstarch

Water

Directions:

Mix together cornstarch and water to make a paste.

Use a soft cloth to apply the paste to the mirror. Rub

gently then wipe clean with a soft cloth.

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Less-Toxic

Ingredients

One of the most important things to do while

transitioning to a less-toxic lifestyle is to understand all

of the bad AND good ingredients. And, to ask important

questions like - why do some ingredients lead to lesstoxic products?

35

Less-Toxic Ingredients

Essential Oils

When utilized properly, essential oils are great additions to non-toxic

homemade cleaning products. In general, essential oils have many

functions. Some of these include; acting as scent boosters, aromatherapy,

deterrence to pests, etc. Some essential oils even have their own cleaning

abilities. For example, tea tree oil is a known microbial, antibacterial,

antifungal, and antiviral. But, if you are going to use essential oils in your

cleaning supplies, you need to understand what to look for when buying

essential oils, and the basic guidelines on how to use them safely.

When shopping for essential oils, you want to buy a set that is 100% pure

and organic. Make sure you are not buying essential oils with additional

ingredients, because these ingredients decrease the potency of the

essential oils, and may cause sensitive individuals to experience adverse

reactions. The best way to know whether or not the essential oils are 100%

pure and organic is to look at the labeling. Companies will tell you whether

or not the essential oils are 100% pure or not.

Once purchased, essential oils need to be handled with care. Essential oils

are very potent, so it is important to ALWAYS dilute the essential oils. If not

diluted and handled poorly, essential oils can cause allergic reactions.

Additionally, essential oils are not for consumption, so please be vigilant

around children and uninformed individuals. Also, if you are pregnant,

breast feeding, or have a chronic illness, please talk to your doctor before

using essential oils.

Finally, please be aware that some essential oils can be toxic to pets. If you

have pets in your house, please be sure to research the essential oil before

using it. Some essential oils that are thought to be safe for dogs include:

lavender, chamomile, cedarwood, ginger, rosemary, and lemongrass. Some

essential oils thought to be safe for cats include: chamomile, jasmine,

lavender, rose, and frankincense.

36

Less-Toxic Ingredients

Baking Soda and Vinegar

Baking soda is an extremely effective tool for cleaning,

because of its chemical properties. Not only is it a great

leavening tool in the kitchen, but it also acts as an

effective base for DIY cleaning products. When you see

baking soda listed in the DIY cleaning section above,

you may often see it listed alongside ingredients on the

opposite side of the pH scale, like vinegar. As a base,

baking soda is able to break down and dissolve organic

compounds such as dirt and grease.

Vinegar, unlike baking soda, is extremely acidic. That

means that, not only is it on the opposite side of the pH

scale, but it also serves a different function. Vinegar can

be used to break down and remove minerals that form

from sources like hard tap water, making it a great tool

to clean your bathrooms with.

When used alongside each other, vinegar and baking

soda create a powerful and effective cleaning combo.

One thing to keep in mind when using these two

together, is to never mix them into equal parts. If mixed

into equal parts, the mixture will neutralize itself, so it is

recommended to mix them into a blend that reflects 1:2

or 1:3 parts.

37

Less-Toxic Ingredients

Castile Soap

Castile soap is an extremely effective cleaning tool

that is not only better for the environment in which

you live, but also, better for your skin due to its

gentle nature. Castile soap originated in the

Mediterranean region and is made from vegetable

oils. Because it contains no animal fats, it is vegan

friendly. Castile soap works because it contains

molecules that attract water molecules on one end

and repel water molecules on the other end. When

combined with water, castile soap becomes a great

attractant for organic matter like dirt and grease,

and can remove them from surfaces.

Castile soap does not contain ingredients that

synthetic soaps may contain like, parabens,

phthalates, BPAs, and triclosan. Additionally, castile

soap is very concentrated and a little can go a long

way, making your bottle last longer than competing

synthetic soaps. Castile soap can be used for many

home cleaning activities such as, dishes, laundry,

mopping, windows, toilets, pet cleaning, etc…

38

Less-Toxic Ingredients

Washing Soda

Washing soda, also known by its scientific

name sodium carbonate, is a strong base

cleaning agent. With its alkalinity being

slightly higher than baking soda, another

popular base cleaning agent, it can be used

to clean deeper stains, hence its popularity

in the laundry room. Washing soda can be

used to remove even the most stubborn

stains like blood, grease, and coffee. Washing

soda can also be used to wash dishes and unclog drains.

39

Less-Toxic Ingredients

Distilled Water

Distilled water is a water that contains no

minerals because it has been boiled,

evaporated, and condensed back into its

liquid form. When cleaning with normal

faucet water, one may run into issues with

watermarks and spots due to the minerals

found in tap water. That is why distilled

water is recommended in many homemade

cleaning recipes, because it eliminates the

possibility of mineral buildup on surfaces.

40

Less-Toxic Ingredients

3% Hydrogen Peroxide

3% Hydrogen Peroxide, a well known household cleaning agent that

can be used for many different cleaning activities, gained its

popularity due to its antibacterial and anti-viral properties.

Hydrogen peroxide is effective in removing several microorganisms

such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and spores. Hydrogen peroxide works

by acting as an oxidizing agent. When mixed with water, hydrogen

peroxide is quickly disintegrated into hydrogen, and the free radicals

released by this degradation act as disinfecting agents, and also

inhibit further bacterial growth. Hydrogen peroxide is generally a

safer alternative to bleach in home settings, because its components

break down into water and oxygen, making the by-products

completely biodegradable.

Hydrogen peroxide may become less effective if it comes into

contact with an organic compound like dirt or crumbs, because the

organic compounds make the hydrogen peroxide molecules more

unstable. A good way to avoid this is to simply wipe down the surface

that needs to be disinfected with some water before you use

hydrogen peroxide on it. Also, 3% hydrogen peroxide is the

recommended dilution amount for in-home cleaning. Any other

dilution with higher concentrations poses an increased safety risk for

users. When using hydrogen peroxide to clean, always wear gloves

and avoid getting it in your eyes. Do not ingest hydrogen peroxide.

Just like many other cleaning chemicals and products, hydrogen

peroxide can cause stomach irritation and internal damage if

ingested.

Finally, DO NOT mix hydrogen peroxide with vinegar. Mixing these

two substances creates peracetic acid which can cause harm to the

body if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. If cleaning with a

product that contains vinegar, make sure that product is dried onto

the surface before using the product with hydrogen peroxide in it.

41

Less-Toxic Ingredients

Lemons + Citric Acid

Though these two ingredients are listed

separately from each other in the homemade

recipes section, it is important to note that citric

acid is an acidic compound naturally found in

lemons, and lemons are known to be powerful

natural cleaners due to the citric acid found

within. So, ultimately these two ingredients have

the same functions, but buying citric acid alone

allows for a higher concentration and a less

diluted citric acid product.

Citric acid works by breaking apart organic stains.

Citric Acid also provides a natural whitening

effect, making it a key component to many nontoxic homemade bleaching and laundry

detergent recipes. Finally, Citric acid acts as a

natural bactericide and fungicide, making it an

ingredient you do not want to skip in your

homemade cleaning recipes.

42

Less-Toxic Ingredients

Storage: Amber Glass Jars

Amber glass jars are the preferred storage

container for homemade cleaning products.

Amber glass jars are made from sand, soda ash,

limestone, iron, sulfur, and carbon. These

ingredients are melted at high temperatures and

combined to create the jars. Amber glass jars are

beneficial for the preservation and effectiveness

of the cleaning products because they are inert.

This means that the substances that make up the

amber glass jars do not interact with product

ingredients, keeping the products pure. Amber

glass jars also protect products from blue light

and UV rays, further preserving the purity of the

product. Finally, amber glass jars are much more

sustainable than plastic containers, and can be

easily recycled and reused without losing the

quality. Amber glass jars can be found at many

local grocery stores and also ordered online.

43

References

admin. “Hydrogen Peroxide versus Bleach: which should you choose?” OxylPro, 28 October 2020, https://www.oxylpro.com/news/hydrogen-peroxideversus-bleach-which-should-you-choose/. Accessed 13 March 2024.

“Benefits of using amber glass jars for beauty products.” APG Packaging,

https://apackaginggroup.com/blogs/news/benefits-of-using-amber-glass-jarsfor-beauty-products. Accessed 13 March 2024.

CleanWell® | Naturally Powerful, Plant-Based Household Products,

https://cleanwellinside.com/. Accessed 13 March 2024.

Common Good: Plant Based Soaps, Detergents & Cleaners | Common Good,

https://www.commongoodandco.com/. Accessed 13 March 2024.

“Dos & Don'ts With Hydrogen Peroxide.” Holland & Barrett, 23 November 2022,

https://www.hollandandbarrett.com/the-health-hub/home-cleaning/dos-anddonts-with-hydrogen-peroxide/. Accessed 13 March 2024.

Dr. Bronner's: The Original All-One Magic Soap and More!,

https://www.drbronner.com/. Accessed 13 March 2024.

Ecoleaf, https://ecoleafglobal.com/. Accessed 13 March 2024.

Everspring | The Future of EdTech, https://www.everspringpartners.com/.

Accessed 13 March 2024.

Holdefehr, Katie, and Sue Hughes. “Why and How to Use Distilled Water for

Cleaning.” Real Simple, 16 March 2023, https://www.realsimple.com/homeorganizing/cleaning/cleaning-with-distilled-water. Accessed 13 March 2024.

Kish, Stacy. “Why are vinegar and baking soda so good for cleaning?” Live

Science, 26 July 2021, https://www.livescience.com/why-baking-soda-vinegarclean.html. Accessed 13 March 2024.

Lopex, Aarron. “11 Best Non-Toxic Dish Soaps To Clean Your Plates With.”

Sustainable Jungle, 26 June 2023,

https://www.sustainablejungle.com/sustainable-living/non-toxic-dish-soap/.

Accessed 13 March 2024.

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References

Love Beauty and Planet: Naturally Derived Haircare & Skincare,

https://www.lovebeautyandplanet.com/us/en/home.html. Accessed 13 March

2024.

Maker, Melissa. “Everything you Need to Know About Cleaning with Essential

Oils!” Clean My Space, https://cleanmyspace.com/cleaning-with-essentialoils/. Accessed 13 March 2024.

Method Products | Body Washes, Lotions, Home Cleaners & More,

https://methodproducts.com/. Accessed 13 March 2024.

Mrs. Meyer's: Mrs Meyer's Clean Day, https://www.mrsmeyers.com/. Accessed

13 March 2024.

Myers, Iris. “Cleaning products emit hundreds of hazardous chemicals, new

study finds.” ewg, 2023. ewg.org, https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/newsrelease/2023/09/cleaning-products-emit-hundreds-hazardous-chemicals-newstudy.

Peltier, Karen, and Mary M. Leverette. “How to Clean With Citric Acid Safely

and Efficiently.” The Spruce, 9 January 2023,

https://www.thespruce.com/citric-acid-safety-cleaning-uses-1707021.

Accessed 13 March 2024.

Shields, Jesslyn. “What Is Washing Soda and How Is It Used?” Home and

Garden, 3 December 2021, https://home.howstuffworks.com/homeimprovement/household-hints-tips/cleaning-organizing/washing-soda.htm.

Accessed 13 March 2024.

“What Is Castile Soap? What Are Its Uses and Benefits?” Dr. Bronner's,

https://www.drbronner.com/pages/what-is-castile-soap. Accessed 13 March

2024.

YouTube: Home, 3 June 2009, https://www.getcleanpeople.com/shop/?

nbt=nb%3Aadwords%3Ax%3A20995583696%3A%3A&nb_adtype=&nb_kwd=&n

b_ti=&nb_mi=&nb_pc=&nb_pi=&nb_ppi=&nb_placement=&nb_li_ms=&nb_lp_ms=

&nb_fii=&nb_ap=&nb_mt=&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwncWvBhD_ARIsAEb2

HW_kR_jUv6U9PYuvznPifv0k. Accessed 13 March 2024.

45

Additional Comments

This informational booklet was created by the

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska’s Tribal Response

Program.

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