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Tribal Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program
Surface Water & Fixed Station
Quality Assurance Project Plan Version 4.0
Confederated Tribes of
Coos, Lower Umpqua & Siuslaw Indians
Natural Resources Department
February 26, 2016
Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI
Surface Water & Fixed Station QAPP 4.0
02/26/16
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Distribution List
Copies of the completed/signed QAPP are distributed to:
Confederated Tribes of
Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians
1245 Fulton Avenue,
Coos Bay, Oregon 97420
Alexis Barry
Margaret Corvi
(541) 888-9577
(541) 888-9577
Tribal Administrator
Director, DNR
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10
Tribal Trust & Assistance Unit
Oregon Operations Office
805 SW Broadway, Suite 500
Portland, OR 97205
Kristine Carre
(503) 326-7024
Tribal Operations Coordinator
Department of Environmental Quality
2020 SW 4th Avenue, Suite 400
Portland, OR 97201
Christine Svetkovich
(503) 725-2180
Tribal Liaison
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Table of Contents
A.1 Project/Task Organization ..................................................................................... 7
A.2 Problem Definition/Background ............................................................................. 7
A2.a Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program (IWQMP)................................... 8
A2.b Water Program Development ........................................................................... 9
A.3 Project Task/Description ...................................................................................... 10
A3.a Tribal Waters and Watershed Description ...................................................... 11
A3.b Monitoring Locations, Monitored Parameters, and Monitoring Frequency ...... 15
A.4 Quality Objectives & Performance Measurement Criteria .................................... 21
A4.a Precision ........................................................................................................ 21
A4.b Accuracy/Bias ................................................................................................ 22
A4.c Sensitivity ....................................................................................................... 22
A4.d Representativeness ....................................................................................... 22
A4.e Comparability ................................................................................................. 23
A4.f Completeness ................................................................................................. 24
A.5 Special Training and Certification ........................................................................ 24
A.6 Documentation and Records ............................................................................... 24
B.1 Experimental Design (Sampling Process Design)................................................ 25
B1.a Sampling Sites and Sampling Types .............................................................. 25
B1.b Sampling Network .......................................................................................... 26
B1.c Locations and Sampling (includes Tables) ..................................................... 26
Estuarine Water Quality Monitoring Sites............................................................ 44
Stream Water Quality Monitoring: ....................................................................... 46
Lake Water Quality Monitoring: ........................................................................... 47
Beach Water Quality Monitoring: ........................................................................ 48
B1.d Measured Parameter and Associated Equipment .......................................... 49
Dissolved Oxygen ............................................................................................... 49
Water pH ............................................................................................................ 50
Nutrients and Chlorophyll.................................................................................... 51
Water Temperature............................................................................................. 53
Turbidity.............................................................................................................. 54
Macroinvertebrate Assemblage .......................................................................... 55
Bacteria .............................................................................................................. 56
Aquatic Habitat Surveys ..................................................................................... 57
Salinity/Specific Conductivity .............................................................................. 57
Water Depth ....................................................................................................... 58
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Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) ............................................................................. 60
Backup Equipment ............................................................................................. 60
B.2 Sampling Methods ............................................................................................... 62
Sondes ................................................................................................................... 62
Discrete Sample Collection .................................................................................... 63
Nutrient Sampling Protocol ..................................................................................... 63
Diel Sampling Protocol ........................................................................................... 64
Macroinvertebrate Sampling Protocol..................................................................... 66
Bacteria Sampling Protocol .................................................................................... 70
Aquatic Habitat Assessment Protocol..................................................................... 71
HAB’s Sampling Protocol ....................................................................................... 81
B.3 Sample Handling and Custody Procedures ......................................................... 83
B.3a Sample Receipt and Log-in Procedures ......................................................... 84
B.3b Field Notebook ............................................................................................... 85
B.4 Analytical Methods .............................................................................................. 85
B.5 Quality Control..................................................................................................... 85
Quality Control for Fixed Station Monitoring ........................................................... 85
Quality Control for Laboratory Analysis .................................................................. 86
Nutrients and Chlorophyll a................................................................................. 86
Macroinvertebrates ............................................................................................. 87
Microbiological .................................................................................................... 90
HAB’s ................................................................................................................. 90
B.6 Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance .............................. 92
B.7 Instrument/Equipment Calibration and Frequency ............................................... 92
B.8 Inspection/Acceptance of Supplies and Consumables......................................... 93
C.1 Data Acquisition Requirements ........................................................................... 93
C.2 Data Management ............................................................................................... 93
C.3 Assessments and Response Actions .................................................................. 94
C.4 Reports to Management ...................................................................................... 94
D.1 Data Review, Verification and Validation ............................................................. 95
D.2 Verification and Validation Methods .................................................................... 95
D.3 Reconciliation with User Requirements ............................................................... 95
References ................................................................................................................ 96
Attachments............................................................................................................... 97
Attachment A: U.S. EPA Letter ............................................................................... 98
Attachment B: Map of Tribal Watershed ................................................................. 99
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Attachment C: Lab and Field Sheets .................................................................... 100
Attachment D: Legal Sample Chain-Of Custody Procedure (From DEQ LAB: Field
Sampling Reference Guide Revision 6.0) ............................................................. 106
Attachment E: Chain of Custody Forms................................................................ 108
CTCLUSI Chain of Custody .............................................................................. 108
Aquatic Biology Associates Sample Log ........................................................... 109
Lake Superior State University Chain of Custody ............................................. 110
Attachment F: University of Washington School of Oceanography Nutrient and
Chlorophyll Sampling Standard Operating Procedures
(http://www.ocean.washington.edu/file/Sampling+Procedures) ............................ 111
Attachment G: Contract Lab Certifications............................................................ 115
Last Page of QAPP 4.0 ............................................................................................ 122
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A.1 Project/Task Organization
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires all grantees to complete a detailed
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) prior to the collection of environmental data. A
QAPP is drafted and submitted to EPA for final review and approval. The purpose of the
following QAPP 4.0 is to update previous EPA-approved QAPPs to reflect changes to
the Tribes’ Water Quality Monitoring Program.
The project team organization provides the framework for conducting the sample
collection tasks to meet project objectives outlined in this QAPP. The organizational
structure and function also facilitate project performance and adherence to QA
procedures and QA requirements. Key roles are filled by those persons responsible for
ensuring program planning, sample collection, data generation, data verification, as well
as the persons responsible for validating data for usability with final products and
deliverables.
Below is an outline of the Tribes’ Environmental Protection Division staff and respective
description of responsibilities to fulfill for the water quality monitoring program.
Natural Resources
Environmental Protection: Organization & Responsibilities
Director: Responsible for project completion, reporting, and ensures that the EPA
approved QAPP is implemented correctly. Provides oversight in program design and
may participate in sample collection and analyses. May, at any time, perform quality
assurance duties as needed.
Water Protection Staff: The water protection specialist, water protection
specialist/biologist, and the air and water protection specialist are responsible for project
design, water sampling, laboratory analysis of water samples and the calibration,
deployment, auditing of extended deployment equipment, data management, data
analyses, and reporting. They ensure that all water sampling is performed according to
the most current EPA approved QAPP and are responsible for keeping an updated field
record documenting data gathered for the project and ensuring that all equipment is in
working order and calibrated prior to field deployment.
A.2 Problem Definition/Background
The Tribes currently own approximately 547 acres of land, 160 acres of which are held
in trust by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and 387 acres are held in fee status. The Tribes’
current land holdings are scattered among the Siuslaw River, Umpqua River, Tenmile
Lakes, Coos River, and Sixes River watersheds and consist of riparian areas, wetlands,
forestlands, coastal beach front, lakefront, rural residential and commercial development
land uses. Impairments to water quality occur within all of these Tribal watersheds.
Tribal lands that contain or border water resources are generally impaired by non-point
sources that do not originate from Tribal lands. Impaired water quality on and near these
lands continues to be a problem that impacts the health and availability of Tribal
resources. To address these water quality impairments, the Tribes’ have established an
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EPA approved 106 water quality monitoring program that includes the implementation of
both seasonal and continuous (fixed station) monitoring.
The first Water Quality Monitoring Program (WMQP) QAPP was written and approved
for surface water quality monitoring in December 2003. In January 2004, the WQMP
collected pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and salinity/conductivity data. In
2006, the WQP began to incorporate the use of continuous data loggers and bacteria
monitoring (E. Coli and Enterococcus) at estuarine monitoring sites. Continuous
monitoring of water quality enhanced the amount of water quality data and
understanding of how water quality conditions change throughout tidal cycles. A key
requirement within this new program guidance document was that Tribes collecting
water quality data using funding from § 106 of the Clean Water Act were now required to
collect and report on nine water quality parameters. The parameters identified in the
guidance document are dissolved oxygen, pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, water
temperature, turbidity, macroinvertebrates, bacteria (E. coli and/or Enterococcus), and
basic habitat information. The WQMP worked to incorporate all nine EPA required water
quality monitoring parameters. In April 2007, EPA approved QAPP 3.0 which enabled
the WQMP to be considered a mature water quality monitoring program.
In 2011, a review of existing data and other fixed station monitoring programs led the
Tribes to modify their monitoring program. To modify the CTCLUSI water quality
monitoring program, the Tribes’ decided that the fixed station monitoring data should be
collected using methodology similar to that of other agencies collecting fixed station data
in waters of or pertaining to Tribal lands. Fixed station monitoring is defined in this QAPP
as monitoring data that is collected continuously at a regular interval at a fixed location.
This QAPP (4.0) is intended to integrate the Tribes’ adapted Fixed Station Monitoring
Program (2011) and Water Quality Program (2008) QAPPs. This QAPP (4.0) will be
used to guide the focused development and expansion of the Tribes’ Water Quality
Monitoring Program and allow the Tribes’ to easily communicate protocols and
procedures with outside agencies and partners. The Tribes’ integration of these QAPPs
will enhance our ability to engage in comprehensive, interagency, fixed-station
monitoring network efforts. These kinds of efforts are rapidly becoming the focus of
many ongoing resource management and research projects currently monitored by the
Tribes’ base 106 water quality monitoring program.
This QAPP (4.0) describes the field and lab work that will be conducted by the
Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians’ Integrated Water
Quality Monitoring Program.
Data collected under this QAPP (4.0) will be used to assess whether Tribal, state, and/or
federally designated beneficial uses are being supported and to help maintain a baseline
of water quality conditions for waterbodies within the waters of or pertaining to Tribal
lands.
A2.a Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program (IWQMP)
Currently, the Tribes implement seasonal, discrete and continuous water quality
monitoring. YSI EXO Sondes and/or YSI 6600 Sondes, which will soon be phased out by
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EXO Sondes, are deployed to collect continuous water quality data from four fixedstations. Two of the Tribes’ fixed stations are located in lower Coos Bay and
complement eight fixed-stations installed and maintained by the South Slough National
Estuarine Research Reserve (SSNERR). The additional fixed-stations are located in the
Lower Siuslaw Estuary and are the only fixed-stations currently installed in this region of
the Siuslaw watershed. Discrete and continuous water quality monitoring, including toxic
algal (HAB) sampling will be implemented near the Tribes’ Camp Easter Seals property
on Tenmile Lakes in the near future.
Additional fixed-station installations and monitoring conducted under this QAPP will be
based on assessments of regional water quality data needs, Tribal land acquisitions, and
watershed wide partnership opportunities between the Tribes and other agencies
collecting water quality data within Tribal watersheds, as determined by the Director.
Additional seasonal and discrete monitoring will be performed as staff time allows.
Inactive sites or other locations of interest to the Tribes’ may be added to this Water
Quality Program as amendments. Sites will be identified based on assessments of
regional water quality data needs (303(d) listings), Tribal land acquisitions, and
recreational Tribal membership use, and grounded in watershed wide partnership
opportunities between the Tribes and other agencies to collect water quality data within
Tribal watersheds, as determined by the Director. Importantly, seasonal adjustments to
nutrient, chlorophyll and toxic algal sampling will be determined by data review and
technical staff consensus.
Waterbodies that will be monitored under this QAPP include freshwater and tidally
influenced rivers, estuaries, lakes, and near-shore areas located within the Tribes’ 5County Service Area.
A2.b Water Program Development
As a sovereign federally recognized Tribal Government, the Confederated Tribes of
Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians (Tribes) have both the rights and
responsibilities with respect to the management and protection of Tribal resources. The
Natural Resources Department is responsible for fulfilling these responsibilities and
exercising these rights. The mission statement for the Environmental Protection Division
of the Natural Resources Department is research, monitor, assess, manage,
conserve, protect, enhance, utilize, and restore the natural resources within the Tribes’
Ancestral Territory, consistent with Tribal values. In an effort to accomplish this mission
and protect water quality and Tribal resources, the Tribes receive funding from EPA
through §106 and §319 of the Federal Clean Water Act. This funding has enabled the
Tribes to develop and implement a Water Quality Monitoring Program (WQMP). This
funding is a critical component of the WQMP and the ability of the Tribes to collect highgrade water quality data. This data can be used to document short-term variability and
long-term changes in water quality, and tie water quality to potential impacts on
watershed health, Tribal and community health, and the health of Tribal resources.
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A.3 Project Task/Description
The objective of the IWQMP is to collect high-grade water quality data that results in a
representative data set that documents short-term variability and long-term changes in
estuarine, stream, and lake water quality within Tribal watersheds. The data collected
will assist in the research and development of TMDL’s, strategic action plans addressing
the effects of point and non-point source pollution and climate change, and potential
restoration projects, including, but not limited to, wetlands and Tribal resources
restoration projects, and provide valuable effectiveness data for these projects to
determine mitigation and restoration achievements. Data collected from the project will
also be used to determine the extent of impairments to Tribal waters and assist agencies
in 303(d), 305(b), TMDL(s) development efforts. The data can also be used by
collaborators that may be interested in how water quality is potentially impacting a
resource or an ecosystem within a particular watershed.
The IWQMP promotes partnerships with local, state, federal, and Tribal stakeholders
that are interested in improving water quality conditions. Currently, the Tribes actively
collaborate with the Siuslaw Watershed Council (SWC) whom are currently limited to
volunteers to perform water sampling and use our water quality data to supplement their
data. The South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (SSNERR) is also
another agency in which the Tribes collaborates. In the past, they have provided us with
telemetry equipment that has allowed us to upload our continuous data from our BLM
site on the Coos River via real-time in exchange for data sharing and other services.
The purpose of the Tribes’ IWQMP is to determine whether water quality
criteria/benchmarks are being met, and beneficial uses are being supported, for
waterbodies of or pertaining to the reservation and other Tribal lands. Establishing a
baseline of water quality conditions for all Tribal waters and periodically reassessing the
baseline water quality to evaluate short-term variability and long term trends is an
important component of this program objective in order to develop and implement
strategic action plans to help mitigate the effects of point and non-point source pollution
and climate change.
The Tribes’ monitoring builds upon the existing state collected water quality data and
supports ongoing watershed wide sampling and assessment activities implemented by
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ), the Oregon Department of
Agriculture (ODA); Department of State Lands (DSL)/SSNERR; the Coos Watershed
Association (CWA); (SWC); the Siuslaw Estuary Partnership (SEP); the South Coast
Coordinating Watershed Council and other local agencies/organizations. Water quality
sampling conducted under this QAPP will complement all of the above monitoring
efforts.
Objectives of the Tribes’ Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Program are:
1. Collect high-grade water quality data year-round. Review, integrate, and
synthesize existing water quality monitoring and watershed assessment data.
Document short term and long-term water quality trends for Tribal waters.
2. Generate independent assessments and conduct analysis of potential impacts
associated with tidal dynamics and watershed inputs that may be occurring to
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Tribal resources and watersheds as well as from point and nonpoint source
pollution and climate change.
3. Address relationship gaps between tidally influenced and watershed driven
inputs, as well as impairments to water quality associated with bacteria,
sediment, and nutrient transport within Tribal watersheds.
4. Assess local water quality issues such as low dissolved oxygen, eutrophication,
toxic algae, chemical & biological (e.g. bacteria) contamination, habitat
modification, and cumulative impacts.
5. Assess whether water quality standards are being met and beneficial uses are
being supported. Establish baseline water quality conditions for all pertinent
uses. Review and provide data for Water Quality Assessments, Listings (CWA
305(b), 303(d)), and TMDL(s).
6. Continue to develop and expand the monitoring program to include a wetland
monitoring program, TMDL(s) monitoring program, fish/shellfish/lamprey tissue
monitoring program, and oceanic planning.
7. Develop and implement a strategic action plan that addresses the projected
effects of climate change on ambient waters and Tribal resources.
8. Continue to build partnerships with water quality stakeholders within the Tribes’
Ancestral Watersheds.
A3.a Tribal Waters and Watershed Description
The following is a brief overview of each of the Tribal watersheds wherein the Tribes
conduct water quality monitoring, and/or watersheds that are located within the Tribes’
ancestral territory and potential impairments to those watersheds.
Siuslaw Watershed
The Siuslaw watershed is a 4th field HUC watershed that drains an area of approximately
4500 square miles in the Central Oregon Coast Range southwest of the Willamette
Valley. The headwaters of the Siuslaw mainstem begin approximately 5 miles west of
Cottage Grove and flow generally WNW through the Oregon Coast Mountain Range,
past the small town of Swisshome, OR, for approximately 110 miles, and finally
terminate in the Pacific Ocean at Florence, OR. Land use in the Siuslaw Watershed is
dominated by forestry, with ranching, rural residences, and the City and Port of Florence
also contributing to the landscape.
The Siuslaw River estuary is classified by the Oregon Department of Land Conservation
and Development (DLCD) as a Shallow Draft Development estuary. These estuaries are
managed for navigation and other public needs consistent with overall estuary
management rules.
Water quality in several portions of the Siuslaw Watershed is impaired or is of potential
concern. Impairments in headwater tributaries include alkalinity, ammonia, antimony,
arsenic, aquatic weeds/algae, barium, biological criteria, cadmium, chloride, chlorophyll
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a, chromium, copper, dissolved oxygen, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, nutrients, pH,
phosphate phosphorus, phosphorus, sedimentation, selenium, silver, temperature,
thallium, and zinc, while impairments in the estuary include elevated temperature,
sedimentation, and dissolved oxygen. Other issues in the estuary and river include
enterococcus (at the mouth of the river) and fecal coliform.
The Siuslaw River is 303(d) listed for alkalinity, ammonia, biological criteria, chloride,
chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, nutrients, pH, phosphate phosphorus,
sedimentation, and temperature.
The North Fork Siuslaw River is 303(d) listed for sedimentation from river mile 0.4, and
for temperature from the mouth year round. The USFS 1994 North Fork Siuslaw River
Watershed Analysis indicates streambeds which have been scoured down to bedrock,
and riparian forests reduced for pastures and home sites, as being the primary
contributors to elevated stream temperatures. North Fork Siuslaw Tributaries – Condon
Creek, Drew Creek, McLeod Creek, Morris Creek, Porter Creek, Russell Creek, and
Taylor Creek– are included on the ODEQ 303(d) list: Condon Creek is impaired by
alkalinity, ammonia, biological criteria, chloride, dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphate
phosphorus, temperature; Drew Creek is impaired by sedimentation; McLeod Creek is
impaired by both sedimentation and temperature; Morris Creek is impaired by
sedimentation; Porter Creek is impaired by biological criteria and sedimentation; Russell
Creek is impaired by biological criteria; and Taylor Creek is impaired by sedimentation.
Umpqua Watershed
The Umpqua watershed is a 3rd field HUC watershed. The 111 mile long Umpqua
mainstem is formed by the confluence of the North Umpqua River, which begins at Lake
Maidu near Mt. Thielsen and the South Umpqua River, which flows from the confluence
of Black Rock Fork and Castle Rock Fork, near Fish Lake, approximately 6 miles
northwest of Roseburg and flows northwesterly through the Coast Range and west past
Scottsburg, OR. The Smith River is received by the Umpqua River from the north near
Winchester Bay and terminates in the Pacific Ocean at Reedsport, OR. Land use in the
Umpqua Watershed is dominated by forestry, with ranching, rural residences, and the
City and Port of Reedsport contributing to watershed activities.
The Umpqua River estuary is classified by the Oregon Department of Land Conservation
and Development (DLCD) as a Shallow Draft Development estuary. These estuaries are
managed for navigation and other public needs consistent with overall estuary
management rules.
Water quality is impaired at headwater tributaries where tide-gates and levees contribute
to elevated temperatures, sedimentation, depressed dissolved oxygen, and barriers to
fish passage. Other impairments include alkalinity, ammonia, antimony, arsenic, aquatic
weeds/algae, barium, beryllium, biological criteria, cadmium, chloride, chlorophyll a,
chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, pH, phosphate phosphorus,
phosphorus, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc. E. coli, enterococcus (at the mouth of
the river) and fecal coliform are also a concern in the estuary and river.
The Umpqua River is 303(d) listed for alkalinity, ammonia, aquatic weeds/algae,
chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, e. coli, fecal coliform, nutrients, pH, phosphate
phosphorus, sedimentation, and temperature.
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Tenmile Lakes Watershed
The Tenmile Lakes watershed is a 5th field HUC watershed that encompasses
approximately 98 square miles. Land-use in the Tenmile Lakes watershed is dominated
by forestry, followed by recreation, agriculture, and residential uses. The Elliot State
Forest comprises roughly a third of the watershed. There are ten lakes within the
watershed with a combined surface area of about 4.7 square miles or 5% of the
watershed. These lakes and their drainages together can be further subdivided into
three subbasins: the Eel Lake subbasin, Saunders Creek subbasin, and Tenmile
subbasin.
The Eel Lake subbasin consists of North Clear Lake, Edna Lake, Teal Lake, Schuttpelz
Lake, and Hall Lake, which are all drained by Clear Creek into Eel Lake. Eel Lake is
drained by Eel Creek, which flows into Tenmile Creek. The Saunders Creek subbasin,
covers the drainages of Saunders Lake, South Clear Lake, and Saunders Creek.
Saunders Creek flows along the eastern edge of the dunes and into Tenmile Creek. The
Tenmile Subbasin, the easternmost subbasin in the watershed, includes North and
South Tenmile Lakes and their respective drainage areas. Tenmile Creek carries the
water from this subbasin for about five miles, past the entrance of Eel and Saunders
creeks, to the Pacific Ocean.
Tenmile Lake is the largest and farthest south in the chain of lake basins that drain the
west side of the Coast Range south of the Umpqua River. Other major tributaries
entering the various arms include: Shutter Creek, Adams Creek, Johnson Creek, and
Benson Creek.
Water quality in several portions of the Tenmile Lakes watershed is impaired or is of
potential concern. Impairments include alkalinity, ammonia, antimony, arsenic, aquatic
weeds/algae, barium, biological criteria, cadmium, chloride, chlorophyll a, chromium,
copper, dissolved oxygen, e. coli, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, pH, phosphate
phosphorus, sedimentation, selenium, silver, temperature, thallium, turbidity, and zinc.
Tenmile Lake is 303(d) listed for alkalinity, ammonia, aquatic weeds/algae, chlorophyll a,
dissolved oxygen, iron, nutrients, pH, phosphate phosphorus, sedimentation, and
temperature. Tenmile Lakes Basin Partnership has indicated that many problems such
as eutrophication, sedimentation due to land use patterns, and invasive species have
contributed to current lake conditions. Potentially toxic algae blooms thrive in these
conditions and need to be monitored.
Coos Watershed
The Coos watershed is a 4th field HUC watershed located in Oregon’s South Coast
Basin. The Coos watershed area is approximately 900 square miles and drains into the
Pacific Ocean via the Coos River Estuary. The estuary has an estimated water surface
area of 12,380 acres.The two major tributaries to the estuary are the Millicoma and the
Coos River. Approximately 30 other tidally influenced sloughs and creeks enter the
estuary directly, including, but not limited to: North, Haynes, Kentuck, Willanch,
Catching, Isthmus, Coalbank, Pony, Joe Ney and South Sloughs, and Palouse, and
Larson Creeks. The upper portions of the basin are comprised of BLM and private timber
lands, whereas agriculture and grazing dominate the lower lands. The basin also
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contains the communities of Coos Bay and North Bend. Swimming, boating, shellfish
harvesting and fishing are popular recreational activities throughout the area.
Water quality in several portions of the Coos Watershed is impaired or is of potential
concern. Impairments in headwater tributaries include acrolein, alkalinity, ammonia,
antimony, arsenic, aquatic weeds/algae, barium, benzene, biological criteria, cadmium,
carbon tetrachloride, chloride, chlorinated benzene, chloroform, chlorophyll a, chromium,
copper, dichlorobenzenes, dichloroethane,1,2, dichloroethylenes, dichloropropene,
dissolved oxygen, halomethanes, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, monochlorobenzene,
nickel, nutrients, pH, phosphate phosphorus, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s),
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, sedimentation, selenium, silver, temperature,
tetrachloroethylene 1,1,2,2, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, thallium, tributyltin,
trichloroethane, 1,1,1, trichloroethane 1,1,2, trichloroethylene, toxics, turbidity, vinyl
chloride, and zinc, while impairments in the estuary include elevated temperature,
sedimentation, and dissolved oxygen. Other issues in the estuary and river include e
coli., enterococcus (at the mouth of the river), and fecal coliform.
Coos Bay is 303(d) listed for ammonia, chlorophyll a, chromium, copper, enterococcus,
fecal coliform, lead, pH, nickel, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s), polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, sedimentation, tributyltin, and zinc.
Sixes Watershed
The Sixes watershed is a 4th field HUC watershed that drains an area of approximately
134 square miles. Sixes River is almost entirely situated within Curry County except for a
small arm of the Upper Sixes Main-Stem sub-watershed that extends into Coos County,
flowing in a westerly direction and terminating in the Pacific Ocean just north of Cape
Blanco. Forestry is the most dominant land use in the Sixes River Watershed. Grazing,
rural residential development and other agricultural uses are dominant in the lower
portion of the basin.
The Sixes River estuary is approximately 330 acres in area and has a watershed of
approximately 129 square miles. Head of tide is about 2.5 miles from the mouth. The
estuary is designated as a Nature Estuary under the Oregon Estuary Classification
system, and it is listed by The Wetlands Conservancy as one of “Oregon’s Greatest
Wetland’s”.
Water quality in several portions of the Sixes Watershed is impaired or is of potential
concern. Impairments in headwater tributaries include alkalinity, ammonia, antimony,
arsenic, aquatic weeds/algae, barium, biological criteria, cadmium, chloride, chlorophyll
a, chromium, copper, dissolved oxygen, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, pH, phosphate
phosphorus, phosphorus, sedimentation, selenium, silver, temperature, thallium, and
zinc, while impairments in the estuary include elevated temperature, sedimentation, and
dissolved oxygen. Other issues in the estuary and river include e coli., enterococcus (at
the mouth of the river), and fecal coliform.
The Sixes River is 303(d) listed for alkalinity, ammonia, biological criteria, chloride,
chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, pH, sedimentation, and temperature. Additional
parameters of concern are e. coli and fecal coliform. Data collected for local watershed
assessments for this area appear to indicate that water quality within the Sixes River is
moderately impaired due to high nitrate, phosphorus, and fecal coliform levels.
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Nitrate levels tend to exceed water quality standards during early winter high flow
(storm) events. In addition, high phosphate and fecal coliform levels tend to occur from
fall through early spring. Instances when phosphate and fecal coliform levels exceed
standards may also correlate with high flow events.
A3.b Monitoring Locations, Monitored Parameters, and Monitoring
Frequency
The locations and parameters monitored by the Tribes’ 106 water quality monitoring
program along with their monitoring frequency are listed in the table below. Additionally,
303(d) listed parameters for each waterbody monitored by the Tribes, some of which
TMDL’s have not been established, are listed in the table. Action limits for monitored
parameters follow the 106 monitoring table.
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Waterbody
Name
Lat./Long
Parameters
monitored
Monitoring
frequency
303d List Parameter(s)
Parameter: Alkalinity Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Aquatic Life Status:
Insufficient data, potential concern
Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Aquatic Life Status: Attaining
some criteria/uses
Parameter: Biological Criteria
Season: Year Round Listed :2010
Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic Life
Status: Water quality limited, 303(d)
list, TMDL needed
Parameter: Chloride Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Aquatic Life Status:
Insufficient data
Parameter: Chlorophyll a Season:
Fall, Winter, Spring; Summer Listed:
2004 Beneficial Use(s): Water
supply; Water contact recreation;
Fishing; Aesthetics; Livestock
watering Status: Insufficient data;
Attaining some criteria/uses
Siuslaw River,
Cox Island –
Siuslaw
Watershed
43° 58' 27'' N
-124° 04' 16'' W
Field Measurements: Water
Temperature, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity/Specific
Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and
Depth
Year Round: 15 minute
intervals
Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen
Season: Year Round (Non-spawning);
Year Round Listed: 2004; 2002
Beneficial Use(s): Estuarine water,
Cold-water aquatic life; Anadromous
fish passage; Salmonid fish rearing;
Salmonid fish spawning Status:
Attaining some criteria/uses; Water
quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL
needed
Parameter: Fecal Coliform Season:
Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s) Water contact recreation,
Shellfish growing
Status: Water quality limited, 303(d)
list, TMDL needed.
Parameter: Nutrients Season:
Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial
Use(s): Aesthetics Status: Insufficient
data
Parameter: pH Season: Year Round
Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s):
Water contact recreation; Salmonid
fish spawning; Resident fish and
aquatic life; Anadromous fish
passage; Salmonid fish rearing
Status: Attaining some criteria/uses
Parameter: Phosphate Phosphorus
Season: Summer Listed: 2004
Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic life
Status: Insufficient data
Parameter: Sedimentation
Season: Undefined Listed: 1998
Beneficial Use(s): Salmonid fish
rearing; Resident fish and aquatic life;
Salmonid fish spawning Status:
Insufficient data
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North Fork
Siuslaw River –
Siuslaw
Watershed
North Tenmile
Lakes—Tenmile
Lakes Watershed
43° 58' 40'' N
-124° 04' 48'' W
Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli and
enterococcus)
Monthly/After storm
events
Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and
TP), and Chlorophyll
Seasonally to Quarterly
(as staff and resources
allow)
Field Measurements: Water
Temperature, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity/Specific
Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and
Depth
Year Round: 15 minute
intervals
Laboratory: Bacteria (e.col and
enterococcus)
Monthly/After storm
events
Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and
TP), and Chlorophyll
Seasonally to Quarterly
(as staff and resources
allow)
Field Measurements: Water
Temperature, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity/Specific
Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and
Depth
Year Round: 15 minute
intervals
Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli)
Monthly/After storm
events
Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and
TP), and Chlorophyll
Seasonally
Parameter: Temperature Season:
Year Round (Non-spawning) Listed:
2004
Beneficial Use(s): Salmon and trout
rearing and migration Status: Water
quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL
needed.
Parameter: Sedimentation
Season: Undefined Listed:1998
Beneficial Use(s): Resident fish and
aquatic life , Salmonid fish rearing,
Salmonid fish spawning Status:
Water quality limited, 303(d) list,
TMDL needed
Parameter: Temperature Season:
Year Round (Non-spawning) Listed
:2004
Beneficial Use(s): Salmon and trout
rearing and migration Status: Water
quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL
needed.
Parameter: Alkalinity Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Uses: Aquatic Life Status: Insufficient
data
Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Uses: Aquatic Life Status: Insufficient
data
Parameter: pH Season: Summer
Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses:
Resident fish and aquatic life; Water
contact recreation Status: Insufficient
data
Parameter: Phosphate Phosphorus
Season: Summer Listed: 2004
Beneficial Uses: Aquatic life Status:
Insufficient data
43° 35' 59.8'' N
-124° 7’ 33.8'' W
or
43° 35' 56.7'' N
-124° 7’ 25.6'' W
Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen
Season: Year Round (Non-spawning)
Listed: 2004 Beneficial Uses: Coldwater aquatic life Status: Insufficient
data
Laboratory: Toxic Algae
Seasonally
Parameter: Iron Season: Year Round
Listed: 2012 Beneficial Uses:
Aquatic life Status: Insufficient data
Parameter: Nutrients Season:
Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial
Uses: Aesthetics Status: Insufficient
data
Parameter: Sedimentation Season:
Undefined Listed: 2010 Beneficial
Uses: Status: Water quality limited,
TMDL approved
Coos River, Lower
Bay, North Spit,
BLM boat ramp –
Coos Watershed
43° 24' 54.83'' N
-124° 16' 42.60'' W
Field Measurements: Water
Temperature, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity/Specific
Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and
Depth
Year Round: 15 minute
intervals
Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli and
enterococcus)
Monthly/After storm
events
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Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Aquatic life Status:
Insufficient data
Parameter: Chlorophyll a Season:
Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Uses: Water contact recreation;
17
Aesthetics; Livestock watering; Water
supply; Fishing
Status: Insufficient data
Parameter: Fecal Coliform Season:
Year Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Shellfish growing; Water
contact recreation Status: Water
quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL
needed
Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and
TP), and Chlorophyll
Seasonally to Quarterly
(as staff and resources
allow)
Parameter: pH Season: Year Round
Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s):
Resident fish and aquatic life; Water
contact recreation Status: Insufficient
data
Parameter: Sedimentation
Season: Undefined Listed: 1998
Beneficial Use(s): Salmonid fish
rearing; Salmonid fish spawning;
Resident fish and aquatic life Status:
Insufficient data
Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Aquatic life Status:
Insufficient data
Field Measurements: Water
Temperature, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity/Specific
Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and
Depth
Coos River, Lower
Bay, Empire
Docks – Coos
Watershed
Pacific Ocean,
Gregory Point –
Coos Watershed
Year Round: 15 minute
intervals
43° 23' 39.37'' N
-124° 16' 49.80'' W
TBD
Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli
enterococcus)
Monthly/After storm
events
Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and
TP), and Chlorophyll,
Seasonally to Quarterly
(as staff and resources
allow)
Field Measurements: Water
Temperature, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity/Specific
Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and
Depth
Laboratory: Bacteria
(enterococcus)
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Parameter: Chlorophyll a Season:
Summer Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Uses: Water contact recreation;
Aesthetics; Livestock watering; Water
supply; Fishing
Status: Insufficient data
Parameter: Fecal Coliform Season:
Year Around Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Shellfish growing; Water
contact recreation Status: Water
quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL
needed
Parameter: pH Season: Year Round
Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s):
Resident fish and aquatic life; Water
contact recreation Status: Insufficient
data
Parameter: Sedimentation
Season: Undefined Listed: 1998
Beneficial Use(s): Salmonid fish
rearing; Salmonid fish spawning;
Resident fish and aquatic life Status:
Insufficient data
Adjacent Location Listings (Sunset
Bay and Bastendorf Beach)
Monthly/After storm
events
Parameter: Enterococcus Season:
Fall, Winter, Spring; Summer Listed:
2010 Beneficial Use(s): Water
contact recreation Status: Water
quality limited, 303(d) list, TMDL
needed
18
Parameter: Alkalinity Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004
Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic life
Status: Insufficient data, potential
concern
Parameter: Ammonia Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004
Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic life
Status: Attaining some criteria/uses
Parameter: Biological Criteria
Season: Year Round Listed :2010
Beneficial Use(s): Aquatic Life
Status: Water quality limited, 303(d)
list, TMDL needed
Parameter: Chloride Season: Year
Round Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Aquatic Life Status:
Insufficient data
Field Measurements: Water
Temperature, Dissolved
Oxygen, Salinity/Specific
Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, and
Depth
Parameter: Chlorophyll a Season:
Fall, Winter, Spring; Summer Listed:
2004 Beneficial Use(s): Fishing;
Aesthetics; Livestock watering; Water
supply; Water contact recreation
Status: Insufficient data; Attaining
some criteria/uses (Summer)
Sixes River –
Sixes Watershed
Seasonally to Quarterly
(as staff and resources
allow)
42° 48' 39.5'' N
124° 26' 43.3'' W
Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen
Season: Year Round (Nonspawning); Oct. 15 to May15 Listed:
2010; 2004
Beneficial Use(s): Cold-water
aquatic life; Salmon and steelhead
spawning Status: Water quality
limited, 303(d) listed, TMDL needed.
Parameter: E.Coli Season: Year
Around Listed: 2004 Beneficial
Use(s): Water contact recreation
Status: Attaining some criteria/uses
Laboratory: Bacteria (e.coli)
Parameter: Fecal Coliform Season:
Year Around Listed: 1998 Beneficial
Use(s): Water contact recreation
Status: Attaining some criteria/uses
Parameter: pH Season: Year Round
Listed: 2004 Beneficial Use(s):
Water contact recreation; Salmonid
fish spawning; Resident fish and
aquatic life; Anadromous fish
passage; Salmonid fish rearing
Status: Attaining some criteria/uses
Laboratory: Nutrients (TN and
TP), Chlorophyll, Basic Habitat
Information, and
Macroinvertebrates
Parameter: Sedimentation Season:
Undefined Listed: 1998 Beneficial
Use(s): Salmonid fish rearing;
Salmonid fish spawning; Resident fish
and aquatic life Status: Insufficient
data
Parameter: Temperature Season:
Year Round (Non-spawning) Listed:
2004 Beneficial Use(s): Salmon and
trout rearing and migration Status:
Water quality limited, 303(d) list,
TMDL needed.
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Parameter Monitored
Dissolved Oxygen (Ocean Waters)
Dissolved Oxygen (Estuarine Waters)
Reporting Limit
Source
No measurable reduction allowed
OAR 340-041-0016
<6.5 mg/L
OAR 340-041-0016
Dissolved Oxygen (Cold Waters)
<8.0 mg/L 30 day mean min;
<6.5 mg/L seven-day min mean;
<6.0 mg/L absolute min
OAR 340-041-0016
Dissolved Oxygen (Cool Waters)
<6.5 mg/L 30 day mean min;
<5.0 mg/L seven-day min mean;
<4.0 mg/L absolute min
OAR 340-041-0016
Dissolved Oxygen (Warm Waters)
<5.5 mg/L 30 day mean min;
<4.0 mg/L absolute min
OAR 340-041-0016
May not fall outside of 7.0-8.5 range
OAR 340-041-0021
May not fall outside of
6.5-8.5 range
OAR 340-041-0021
Total Phosphorus (Streams)
>100 µg/L
USEPA
Total Phosphorus (Streams that enter
lakes/reservoirs)
>50 µg/L
USEPA
Total Phosphorus (Lakes/reservoirs)
>25 µg/L
USEPA
Ammonia* (Salmonid Species Present)
OAR 340-041-8033
Total Nitrogen (Marine Waters)
May not fall outside 0.27mg/L- 33
mg/L once every 3 years depending
on pH, temperature, and salinity
>0.20 mg/L
Total Nitrogen (Fresh Waters)
>0.75 mg/L
Chlorophyll a (Lakes with Thermal
Stratification)
Chlorophyll a (Lakes without Thermal
Stratification, Reservoirs, Rivers, and
Estuaries)
>0.01 mg/L
Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands Water Quality
Standards
Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands Water Quality
Standards
OAR 340-041-0019
>0.015 mg/L
OAR 340-041-0019
Temperature (Salmon and Trout Rearing
and Migration: Year Round)
Temperature (Salmon Habitat: Healthy
Adult)
Temperature (Salmon Habitat: Healthy
Juvenile)
Turbidity
>18° C (64.4 °F) seven-day avg. max
temp
May not fall outside of
7.2-15.6 °C (>25 °C Lethal)
12.2-13.9°C (>25 °C
Lethal)
>10 FNU
OAR 340-041-0028
Macroinvertebrates
Bacteria (Enterococcus)
Fresh and Marine Waters
Bacteria (E.coli)
Marine Waters
Basic Habitat Information
IBI <20
70 CFU or 70 MPN per 100ml of water
pH (Marine Waters)
pH (Estuarine and Fresh Waters)
Salinity/Specific Conductivity
Depth
HAB’s (Anatoxin-A)
235 CFU or 235 MPN per 100 ml of
water
Proper Functioning Condition Rates as
Non-functioning
<150 μS/cm
N/A
20 μg/L
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OWEB Water Quality
Technical Manual
OWEB Water Quality
Technical Manual
DEQ WQS Turbidity Technical
Review
Karr 1998
EPA-823-B-14-001
EPA-823-B-14-001
Riparian Area Management TR
1737-15 1998
OWEB Water Quality
Technical Manual
N/A
OHA PHD Office of Environmental
Public Health
20
HAB’s (Cylindrospermopsin)
6 μg/L
HAB’s (Saxitoxin)
100 μg/L
HAB’s (Microcystin)
10 μg/L
OHA PHD Office of Environmental
Public Health
OHA PHD Office of Environmental
Public Health
OHA PHD Office of Environmental
Public Health
* Ammonia Acute Criteria Values are pH, temperature, and salinity dependent; using the following formula found at:
http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/standards/docs/tables303140.pdf
A.4 Quality Objectives & Performance Measurement Criteria
Collecting high quality data is one of the most important goals of the Tribes’ IWQMP.
Specific Quality Assurance (QA) objectives of this program are:
Collect a sufficient number of samples, sample duplicates, and field blanks to
evaluate the sampling and measurement error.
Analyze a sufficient number of Quality Control (QC) standards, blanks and
duplicate samples in the laboratory environment to effectively evaluate results
against numerical QA goals established for precision and accuracy.
Implement sampling techniques in such a manner that the analytical results are
representative of the media and conditions being sampled.
The following Data Quality Indicators describe the quality of the data required to satisfy
the goals and objectives of this project and is assessed by the following QA/QC
parameters:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Precision
Accuracy/Bias
Sensitivity
Representativeness
Comparability
Completeness
A4.a Precision
Precision shall be estimated by measuring the variability of duplicate measurements.
The best estimate of precision for the overall monitoring program is the comparison of
duplicate samples collected in the field. The variability in the results obtained from field
duplicate samples is the sum of the sampling and analytical variability (measurement
uncertainty).
In general, the control limit for duplicate samples collected in the field are:
+/- 20% Relative Percent Difference (RPD) for samples >5 times the Limit of
Quantitation (LOQ) or +/- the LOQ for the difference between replicates when the
concentrations are <5 times the LOQ.
Field Duplicates will be collected at a frequency of one per sampling expedition -orone every 10% of samples, whichever is more.
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Duplicate samples should be collected as discrete samples.
Field duplicates must be collected within 15 minutes and 15 meters of each
other, where the sample matrix is assumed to be homogeneous.
If it is determined the field duplicate data is heterogeneous within a fifteen minute
period or fifteen foot radius, the data users should use their professional
judgment to determine if other project data meets their data quality needs.
A4.b Accuracy/Bias
Accuracy is a measure of the error between reported test results and the true sample
concentration. It shall be estimated by measuring the bias of Measurement Error, even
though bias is due to both systematic error in sampling and measurement variability.
Systematic error attributable to sampling design shall be minimized and be considered
acceptable by the following procedures. All instruments shall be calibrated using NIST
traceable standards. Accuracy of the analytical systems will be checked using
appropriate calibration standards or certified reference materials.
The accuracy of these materials is to be documented and maintained by
CTCLUSI personnel. The instrument’s response to calibration standard or the
certified reference material shall also be documented and fall within the method
control limits. Prior to deployment or sample processing, no sooner than one
hour, the equipment will be verified with standard or calibration solutions.
A4.c Sensitivity
Laboratory blank samples will be processed at a minimum of one per daily batch of
field samples. Lab blanks and field duplicates will be used to assess sample handling
contamination and method variation.
Laboratory blanks will use the same distilled water that is used to dilute the
samples.
Laboratory blanks will be produced prior to field work
Method detection limits will be determined for all applicable analyses according to
procedures described in 40 CFR part 136.
Reporting limits will be established at a concentration above the detection limit by
the laboratory based on their experience with similar samples.
A4.d Representativeness
Representativeness is a qualitative term that expresses the degree to which data
accurately and precisely denote a characteristic of a population, parameter variations at
a sampling point, a process condition, or an environmental condition within a defined
spatial and/or temporal boundary.
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Representativeness of the field data will be assessed by verifying that the sampling
program was implemented as proposed, and that proper sampling techniques were
used.
The assessment of representativeness in the laboratory will consist of verifying that the
proper analytical procedures and appropriate methods were used.
Sampling procedures are designed so that results are representative of the
matrix being sampled.
Sample handling protocols for storage preservation and transportation have been
developed to preserve the representativeness of the collected samples.
Proper documentation will establish that protocols have been followed and
sample identification and sample integrity assured.
The location of the sample collection will be referenced by latitude and longitude using a
GPS. Continuous measurements and discrete samples will be collected where the water
is well mixed and representative of ambient conditions.
Quality analytical measurements with poor field duplicate precision may point to
sampling problems or heterogeneous samples and thus the samples may not be
representative of ambient conditions. Data with poor field duplication will be evaluated
with respect to representativeness as well as precision.
A4.e Comparability
To ensure data will be comparable to similar environmental data, CTCLUSI personnel
will use documented procedures for sampling, sample handling, and sample analysis,
which are written to comply with nationally acceptable methods.
This monitoring program will ensure comparability by following standardized sampling
protocols and procedures developed by CTCLUSI for continuous and discrete water
quality monitoring. These protocols and procedures will be modeled from other agencies
that perform water quality monitoring.
Certain conditions may prohibit the use of a standard protocol as it is intended.
Experience and knowledge will aid in the choosing the field methods employed.
The observations of fouling, environmental conditions (garbage or spills), and
weather conditions are recorded in the field notes to enhance data or explain
variability.
Continuous monitoring comparability will include placing the retrieved, pre-deployed
(calibrated) and calibrated handheld (EXO 1) sondes in a bucket with water from near to
the sonde site and allowing all sondes to take a reading. Following the sonde reading,
the retrieved, pre-deployed and handheld sonde data is compared.
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A4.f Completeness
The monitoring strategy for this IWQMP is to collect continuous data at 15 minute
intervals throughout the year, seasonal temperature sampling intervals are at 15
minutes, and discrete samples monthly (at most sites), unless unanticipated weatherrelated events, staffing, or equipment failure prevent sampling.
A.5 Special Training and Certification
Training is required for new staff or individuals who are not familiar with the equipment or
procedures. For those unfamiliar with the equipment being used, training will include an
introduction for all monitoring equipment employed for the IWQMP. Training will be
provided or arranged by trained Water Protection staff or the Director. The training may
be provided by ODEQ, SWMP, YSI personnel or other trained water quality monitoring
professionals. The Director may determine that additional staff or volunteers are needed
to assist with the monitoring program. The Director will be responsible to ensure that
proper training and direction is provided to meet the projects data quality objectives.
Director: The Director has experience and education relevant to implementing Tribal
Environmental Programs and providing oversight for these programs.
Water Protection Staff: Staff has received a college degree in Biology, Environmental
Science or similar field. Staff has experience in biological or environmental monitoring,
Tribal environmental programs, ecological assessments, or other environmental
research.
A.6 Documentation and Records
A signed copy of the Tribes’ EPA-Approved IWQMP QAPP will be distributed to all
Water Protection staff and the Director.
The Natural Resources Program will maintain the original records used to report the
data. Records shall be organized such that a data value can be traced back to the
original observation.
All hand written data/observations collected in the field and laboratory will be
documented on either weatherproof field books or field data sheets if water damage is a
threat. Examples of the datasheets to be used for the project are attached (Attachment
C). Additional data sheets or modifications to existing data sheets may take place to
meet project goals. The datasheets will be archived following data collection and data
will be incorporated into the existing water quality data into a spreadsheet file.
The Natural Resources Program will retain raw, completely unchanged data files for
each sonde deployment; the secondary QAQC’d data files; all associated handwritten or
digital calibration and field logs; and the metadata document accompanying the sonde
datasets permanently stored on the Tribes’ server.
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All data stored in an Excel spreadsheet format will be quality control checked according
to CTCLUSI protocols before being reported in the annual Water Quality Report and/or
EPA’s Water Quality Exchange (WQX).
One important part of data collection is creating the associated data documentation or
metadata. CTCLUSI will produce an annual metadata document to accompany the
monitoring data collected by this program.
Analytical reports and data generated by third party laboratories will be delivered to
Water Protection Staff following completion. These data, including all QA/QC data
results, will be delivered electronically and/or in paper form.
The contract laboratories must maintain an unequivocal link between the custody form,
their archive database, and analytical reports.
Raw analytical data records must be maintained, which will include the following
information: Date of analysis, analyst, identification of blanks, standards, and controls,
archive/sample numbers, lot numbers, calculations, and associated information, detailed
experimental observations, along with all instrument readings and final results.
B.1 Experimental Design (Sampling Process Design)
B1.a Sampling Sites and Sampling Types
The selected sampling sites and sampling frequency were chosen for their depiction of
ambient water quality conditions in waters of or pertaining to Tribal lands. For sampling
sites that are unable to be located on or next to a Tribal tract due to safety or access
restrictions, a sampling site will be established that best represents the waters pertaining
to the tract. Written permission will be obtained from the landowners prior to collecting
water quality samples at locations that aren’t on Tribal lands but pertain to them.
For sites that have access and sampling limitations, the Tribes’ flat bottom boat will be
used to access sampling sites to deploy and retrieve monitoring equipment.
HAB sampling sites will be chosen to characterize worst case conditions in an effort to
pre-empt risks to Tribal and public health. Due to the mobile nature of algal blooms, sites
will migrate. Staff will document locations of sampling sites with a GPS, and record
landmarks in the field data sheet/logbook.
Continuous water monitoring will measure actual environmental conditions throughout
the year at 15 minute intervals. Measurements will be collected where the water is well
mixed and most representative of ambient conditions. All continuous monitoring sondes
will remain submerged at low tides and at a fixed distance off the bottom (approximately
1 meter) to allow for tidal and flow amplitude measurements.
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Discrete sampling will measure water quality parameters such as nutrients, chlorophyll
a, macroinvertebrates, bacteria, and toxic algae in addition to DO, pH, water
temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity and depth.
Seasonal temperature monitoring will commence May/June before higher temperatures
and low water and will conclude in September after water temperatures have begun to
drop. Seasonal sampling intervals will mirror continuous monitoring intervals.
Seasonal toxic algal monitoring will commence June/July during higher temperature
influxes and will conclude in September after water temperatures have begun to drop.
Seasonal sampling will be conducted monthly. Seasonal adjustments to toxic algal
sampling will be determined by data review and technical staff consensus.
Seasonal macroinvertebrate and basic habitat information sampling will be conducted
annually.
As part of the QAPP development, CTCLUSI has integrated sampling methods and
standard operating procedures developed by other government agencies’ monitoring
water quality.
B1.b Sampling Network
The selected sites and sampling frequency were chosen for their depiction of ambient
water quality conditions in waters of or pertaining to Tribal lands. The water conditions
adjacent to Tribal lands most directly affect the Tribes; however, impacts to Tribal
resources related to water quality are widespread. The Tribes have integrated their
sampling network to provide the most benefit to Tribal members.
B1.c Locations and Sampling (includes Tables)
The IWQMP has identified nineteen water quality monitoring sites: nine estuarine sites,
six beach sites, a stream site, a wetland site and two lake sites (see Table 1 & 2).
Continuous and /or discrete samples of the previously listed ambient water quality
(dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and
physical (depth) parameters will be obtained by the implementation of YSI automated
data loggers and/or the continued use of hand held meters. Hand grabs of water
samples will be used to measure water bacteria, nutrients, chlorophyll, and toxic algae
where applicable. Hand grab samples may also be used to measure turbidity when an
YSI EXO 1 or 2 sonde equipped with a turbidity sensor is not available. Annual nutrient,
macroinvertebrate, and habitat assessment data will be collected at stream, estuarine,
and lake monitoring sites where applicable. Grab samples may also be taken for the
purposes of measuring other parameters if a CTCLUSI SOP is developed and
implemented that meets measurement performance criteria and/or is modeled from
another monitoring program’s current use protocol.
All sampling sites are located on or near tribal trust lands located on Central and
Southern Oregon Coasts within Lane, Coos, and Curry Counties (See Maps 1-4).
Sampling sites have been established in accordance to EPA’s position on funding water
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quality programs for Tribes. In a letter received by the Tribes from EPA dated August 25,
2003, the letter states “For property that the United States holds in trust for the Tribe,
otherwise known as tribal trust land, EPA’s position is that the property has the status of
an Indian reservation. The funds granted by EPA under section 106 of the CWA can be
used to only fund water quality programs for reservation waters or to support activities
that pertain to waters of the reservation.” (Attachment A) Any new tribal lands acquired
after EPA approval of this QAPP will be covered under the most current EPA approved
QAPP for water quality monitoring activities.
Project Parameters
As stated in EPA’s Final Guidance on Awards of Grants to Indian Tribes under Section
106 of the Clean Water Act, EPA requires Tribes to report on the following nine water
quality parameters:
1. Dissolved Oxygen
2. pH
3. Total Phosphorus
4. Total Nitrogen
5. Water Temperature
6. Turbidity
7. Macroinvertebrates
8. Bacteria (E. Coli and Fecal Coliform)
9. Basic Habitat Information
This QAPP includes monitoring protocols, quality assurances, and data management for
all nine EPA required monitoring parameters. In addition, deployed YSI data loggers
collect continuous data on salinity, specific conductivity, and water depth. Toxic algal
blooms will also be monitored at sites that are expected to produce HAB’s.
It is important to note that this water quality monitoring program is not designed or
intended to answer every question regarding water quality conditions. The intent of this
monitoring project is to provide data that will assist in directing future efforts and
strategies to improve overall water quality conditions within the Tribes’ Ancestral
watersheds. The methods proposed within this QAPP are structured to provide an
overall understanding of selected water quality conditions. For any parameters that
stand out as a parameter of concern, a more comprehensive method, sampling
frequency, and sampling duration may be developed to acquire a better understanding
for the identified parameter of concern.
Each site has been given a unique site identification name (see Tables 1-3).
Under Site, ID the WQ denotes that the site is a water quality monitoring site.
The letter B, E, L, S, or W identifies whether the site is a Beach, Estuarine, Lake,
Stream, or Wetland monitoring site.
Table 1 provides site information and the location for each active monitoring site
under this QAPP. Estuarine monitoring sites are continuous data logging sites.
Table 2 shows all inactive monitoring sites. These sites may have been active
under previous EPA-approved QAPPs, but have been dropped due to access
issues or poor sampling sites. Some of these identified sites are pending the fee
to trust conversion with the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs.
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Table 3 provides information on the sampling site, method, and general
comments for each active and inactive site.
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Table 1. Active Tribal Water Quality Monitoring Sites, Locations, and EPA 303(d) Information (as of 12/31/2015)
Site ID
Tract
Site Type
BIA Tract
Status
County
LAT & LONG
(NAD 83/WGS 84
DATUM)
EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us)
Waterbody Name: Siuslaw River, Cox Island, Siuslaw Watershed
WQE09
Hatch
Estuary
Trust
Lane
43° 58' 27'' N
124° 04' 16'' W
Parameter: Alkalinity; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004
Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004
Parameter: Biological Criteria; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 58.4; Listed 2010
Parameter: Chloride; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004
Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Fall, Winter, Spring; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 2004
Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 2004
Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen; Year Round (Non-spawning); River mile 0 to 19.7;
Listed 2004
Parameter: Fecal Coliform; Year Around; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 2004
Parameter: Nutrients; Undefined; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 1998
Parameter: pH; Year Round; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 2004
Parameter: Phosphate Phosphorus; Summer; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed 2004
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 5.7 to 105.9; Listed 1998
Parameter: Temperature; Year Round (Non-spawning; River Mile 0 to 106; Listed
2004
Waterbody Name: North Fork Siuslaw River, Old Bridge Piling, Siuslaw Watershed
WQE12
Hatch
Estuary
Trust
Lane
43° 58' 40'' N
124° 04' 48'' W
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0.4 to 27.3; Listed 1998
Parameter: Temperature; Year Round (Non-spawning); River Mile 0 to 27.3; Listed
2004
Waterbody Name: North Tenmile Lake, Camp Easter Seals, Tenmile Lakes
Watershed
WQL18
Tenmile
Lake
Fee to Trust
Process
Coos
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43° 35' 59'' N
124° 7’ 34'' W
Parameter: Alkalinity; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2004
Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2004
Parameter: Phosphate Phosphorus; Summer; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2004
Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen; Year Round (Non-spawning); River Mile 0 to 5;
Listed 2004
Parameter: Iron; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2012
Parameter: Nutrients; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 1998
Parameter: Sedimentation: Undefined; River Mile 0 to 5; Listed 2010
29
Site ID
Tract
Site Type
BIA Tract
Status
County
LAT & LONG
(NAD 83/WGS 84
DATUM)
EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us)
Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, BLM Boat Ramp, Coos Watershed
WQE10
Wualach
Estuary
Trust
Coos
43° 24' 50'' N
124° 16' 44'' W
Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3: Listed, 2004
Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998
Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, Empire Docks, Coos Watershed
WQE02
Wualach
Estuary
Trust
Coos
43° 23' 39.19'' N
124° 16' 49.42'' W
Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3, Listed, 2004
Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998
Waterbody Name: Baldich Beach, Baldich, Coos Watershed
WQB19
Baldich
Beach
Trust
Coos
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Adjacent Beach Parameter (Bastendorf): Enterococcus; Year Around, River Mile
233.6 to 234.8; Listed, 2010
Adjacent Beach Parameter (Sunset Bay): Enterococcus; Year Around, River Mile
236.4 to 236.7; Listed, 2010
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Site ID
Tract
Site Type
BIA Tract
Status
County
LAT & LONG
(NAD 83/WGS 84
DATUM)
EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us)
Waterbody Name: Sixes River, Sixes Watershed
Parameter: Alkalinity; Year Around; River Mile 0 to 17.7; Listed 2004
Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004
Parameter: Biological Criteria; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 15.1; Listed 2010
Parameter: Chloride; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004
Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004
WQS07
Sixes River
Stream
Trust
Curry
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42° 48' 39.5'' N
124° 26' 43.3'' W
Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen; Year Round (Non-spawning)/Oct. 15 to May 15;
River Mile 0 to 30.1/4.4 to 29.4; Listed 2010/2004
Parameter: E. Coli; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004
Parameter: Fecal Coliform; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 1998
Parameter: pH; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 2004
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed 1998
Parameter: Temperature; Year Round (Non-spawning); River Mile 0 to 30.1; Listed
2004
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Table 2. Inactive Tribal Water Quality Monitoring Sites, Locations, and EPA 303(d) Information (as of 12/31/2015)
Site ID
Tract Name
Site Type
BIA Tract
Status
County
LAT. & LONG.
(NAD 83/WGS 84
DATUM)
EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us)
Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, Coos Watershed
WQE01
Miluk Village
Estuary
Trust
Coos
43° 21' 34'' N
124° 18' 42'' W
Coos
43° 25' 51'' N
124° 10' 24.3'' W
Coos
43° 21' 11'' N
121° 12' 37'' W
Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3, Listed, 2004
Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998
Waterbody Name: Kentuck Slough, Coos Watershed
WQE03
WQEO4
Kentuck
KCBY
Estuary
Reservation
Estuary
Fee to Trust
Process
Parameter: Dissolved Oxygen; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 2.2; Listed 2010
Parameter: E. Coli; Fall, Winter, Spring; River Mile 0 to 2.2; Listed 2010
Parameter: Fecal Coliform; Year Around; River Mile 0 to 2.2, Listed 1998
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 2.2; Listed 1998
Waterbody Name: Coalbank Slough, Coos Watershed
Parameter: Fecal Coliform; Year Around; River Mile 0 to 0.5; Listed, 1998
Parameter: Manganese; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 0.5; Listed 2012
Waterbody Name: North Fork Siuslaw River, Under Bridge, Siuslaw Watershed
WQE05
Hatch
Lane
43° 58' 38'' N
124° 04' 47'' W
Estuary
Trust
Lane
44° 00' 25'' N
124° 04' 49'' W
Lane
43° 58’ 45” N
124° 04’ 58” W
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0.4 to 27.3; Listed 1998
Parameter: Temperature; Year Round (Non-spawning); River Mile 0 to 27.3; Listed
2004
Waterbody Name: Munsel Lake, Siuslaw Watershed
WQL06
Munsel Lake
Lake
Fee to Trust
Process
WQW08
Hatch
Wetland
Trust
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Parameter: No listing at time of sampling
Waterbody Name: Hatch Wetland, Siuslaw Watershed
Parameter: No listing at time of sampling
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Site ID
Tract Name
Site Type
BIA Tract
Status
County
LAT. & LONG.
(NAD 83/WGS 84
DATUM)
EPA 303 (d) Listing (source: www.deq.state.or.us)
Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, Coos Watershed
WQE11
Miluk Village
Estuary
Trust
Coos
43° 22' 29'' N
124° 17' 50'' W
Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3, Listed, 2004
Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998
Waterbody Name: Lower Coos Bay, Coos Watershed
WQB13
Coos Head
Estuary
Fee to Trust
Process
Coos
43° 21’ 02” N
124° 20’ 08” W
WQB14
Coos Head
Beach
Fee to Trust
Process
Coos
43° 20’ 25” N
124° 21’ 14” W
WQB15
WQB16
WQB17
Baldich
Beach
Pending
Transfer
Baldich
Beach
Pending
Transfer
Coos
Pending
Transfer
Coos
Baldich
Beach
Coos
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43° 20’ 22” N
124° 22’ 17” W
43° 20’ 26” N
124° 22’ 28” W
43° 20’ 06” N
124° 22’ 21” W
Parameter: Ammonia; Year Round; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Chlorophyll a; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Fecal Coliform, Year Around, River Mile 0 to 12.3, Listed, 2004
Parameter: pH; Summer; River Mile 0 to 12.3; Listed 2004
Parameter: Sedimentation; Undefined; River Mile 0 to 7.8; Listed 1998
Waterbody Name: Pacific Ocean
Parameter: Enterococcus; Year Round; River Mile 233.6 to 234.8; Listed 2010
Waterbody Name: Pacific Ocean
Parameter: No Listing at time of sampling
Waterbody Name: Pacific Ocean
Parameter: No Listing at time of sampling
Waterbody Name: Pacific Ocean
Parameter: No Listing at time of sampling
33
Table 3. Site Identification, Tract Name, Waterbody Name and Watershed, Parameters, Measurement/Method, Status, and Comments
SITE ID
WQE01
WQE02
WQE03
TRACT NAME
WATERBODY
NAME AND
WATERSHED
MEASUREMENT/METHOD
Status*
COMMENTS
Miluk Village
Lower Coos
Bay/Coos
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % Saturation & mg/L/ YSI Probe
pH: pH value/ YSI Probe
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe
Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter
Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe
Inactive
Discrete sampling site.
Lower Coos
Bay/Coos
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % Saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde
pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde
Turbidity: FNU/ YSI Sonde
Bacteria (E. Coli and Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde
Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde
Depth: m/ YSI Sonde
Active
Continuous data logger site.
Kentuck Slough/
Coos Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Probe
pH: pH value/ YSI Probe
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe
Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/IDEXX
Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe
Inactive
Inactive site.
Wualach
Kentuck
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SITE ID
WQE04
WQE05
WQL06
TRACT NAME
KCBY
Hatch
Munsel Lake
WATERBODY
NAME AND
WATERSHED
MEASUREMENT/METHOD
Coalbank
Slough/Coos
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation &mg/L/ YSI Probe
pH: pH value/ YSI Probe
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe
Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe
Depth: m/ YSI probe
North Fork Siuslaw
River/Siuslaw
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Probe
pH: pH value/ YSI Probe
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe
Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter
Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe
Munsel
Lake/Siuslaw
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation &mg/L/ YSI Probe
pH: pH value/ YSI Probe
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe
Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe
Depth: m/ YSI probe
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Status*
COMMENTS
Inactive
Inactive site.
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive. WQE12 has replaced this site.
Inactive site.
SITE ID
WQS07
WQW08
WQE09
TRACT NAME
Sixes River
Hatch
Hatch
WATERBODY
NAME AND
WATERSHED
MEASUREMENT/METHOD
Status*
Sixes River/Sixes
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde
pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde
Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde
Macroinvertebrates: D-Frame Net/ 500 Micron Mesh
Bacteria (E. Coli): MPN/ IDEXX
Basic Habitat Information: O/E Taxa Score
Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde
Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde
Active
Wetland/Siuslaw
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation/ YSI Probe
pH: pH value/ YSI Probe
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe
Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Probe
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Salinity: psu/ YSI Probe
Depth: m /YSI Sensor
Inactive
Discrete wetland monitoring site. Poor
sampling location.
Siuslaw
River/Siuslaw
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde
pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde
Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde
Bacteria (E. Coli and Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde
Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde
Depth: m/ YSI probe
Active
Continuous data logger site.
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COMMENTS
Discrete stream monitoring site.
SITE ID
WQE10
WQE11
WQE12
WQB13
WATERBODY
NAME AND
WATERSHED
MEASUREMENT/METHOD
Status*
COMMENTS
Lower Coos
Bay/Coos
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde
pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SIOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde
Bacteria (E. Coli and Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde
Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde
Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde
Depth: m/ YSI probe
Active
Continuous data logger site.
Lower Coos
Bay/Coos
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Probe
pH: pH value/ YSI Probe
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Probe
Turbidity: NFU/ Turbidimeter
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Salinity: NFU/ YSI Probe
Depth: m/ YSI Sonde
Inactive
Inactive site.
Hatch
North Fork Siuslaw
River/Siuslaw
Watershed
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde
pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde
Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde
Bacteria (E. Coli and Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde
Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde
Depth: m/ YSI Sonde
Active
Continuous data logger site.
Coos Head
Coos Bay/Coos
Watershed
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Inactive
Pending Fee to Trust Conversion.
TRACT NAME
Wualach
Miluk Village
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SITE ID
TRACT NAME
WATERBODY
NAME AND
WATERSHED
WQB14
Coos Head
Pacific Ocean/Coos
Watershed
WQB15
Baldich
WQB16
WQB17
WQL18
WQB19
Status*
COMMENTS
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Inactive
Pending Fee to Trust Conversion.
Pacific Ocean/Coos
Watershed
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Inactive
Inactive site.
Baldich
Pacific Ocean/Coos
Watershed
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Inactive
Inactive site.
Baldich
Pacific Ocean/Coos
Watershed
Bacteria (E. Coli & Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Inactive
Inactive site.
North Tenmile Lake/
Coos Watershed
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde
pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde
Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde
Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde
Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde
Bacteria (E. Coli): MPN/ IDEXX
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Depth: m/ YSI Sonde
Toxic Algae: Microcystins/ Hand Grabs
Active
Continuous data logger site pending
Fee to Trust Conversion.
Active
Discrete beach monitoring site.
Tenmile
Baldich
Baldich Beach/ Coos
Watershed
MEASUREMENT/METHOD
Water Temperature: °C/ YSI Sonde
pH: pH value/ YSI Sonde
Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation & mg/L/ YSI Sonde
Turbidity: NFU/ YSI Sonde
Salinity: psu/ YSI Sonde
Specific Conductivity: mS/cm/ YSI Sonde
Bacteria (Enterococcus): MPN/ IDEXX
Nutrients: TN (NO3, NO2, and NH4), TP (PO4), &
SiOH4/ University of Washington Lab
Chlorophyll: CHLA/ Hand Grabs
Depth: m/ YSI Sonde
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WATER QUALITY MONITORING SITE MAPS
Map 1. Map of Siuslaw Watershed Monitoring Sites (near Florence, Oregon)
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Map 2. Map of North Tenmile Lake Monitoring Sites (near Lakeside, Oregon)
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Map 3. Map of Coos Watershed Monitoring Sites (Coos Bay, Oregon)
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Map 4. Map of Beach Monitoring Sites (near Charleston, Oregon)
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Map 5. Map of Sixes Watershed Monitoring Site (Sixes Watershed, Oregon)
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Estuarine Water Quality Monitoring Sites
Sites:
WQE02
WQE09
WQE10
WQE12
All YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Dataloggers for the monitoring project are
programmed to record water quality parameters that include dissolved oxygen, pH,
water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth. These parameters
are indicative of general estuarine water column conditions and are often used by
regulatory agencies to determine criteria for human uses. The YSI data loggers are
programmed to collect water quality data at 15 minute intervals. Each data logger will be
secured using a bracket structure to existing pilings that have been abandoned and are
located outside of the main shipping channels. The brackets have been constructed
based on the brackets constructed and deployed by South Slough National Estuarine
Research Reserve (SSNERR, http://www.oregon.gov/DSL/SSNERR) water quality
monitoring staff. Written approval will be obtained and placed in the project file prior to
any data logger deployment on any private or public pilings.
As seen below, a 4” diameter ABS tube will be fastened to an existing piling. The data
logger will then be attached to a chain and lowered to approximately 1 meter above the
bottom of the sampling site. Holes will be drilled towards the bottom of the ABS pipe to
ensure that the data logger is obtaining a representative sample of estuarine conditions.
The ABS tube will then be capped and a stainless steel bolt will be driven through the
chain and ABS. The bolt will be drilled out on the thread end and a brass lock will be
fastened to the bolt to deter potential theft.
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CTCLUSI YSI EXO2 Sonde Schematic:
Water quality protection staff will exchange the field YSI data logger with an office YSI
calibrated data logger each month or earlier based on the rate of bio-fouling observed
during the data logger retrieval process and/or weather conditions. Replacement YSI
EXO2 Sonde dataloggers will be prepped and calibrated for rotations prior to each data
logger’s retrieval. YSI EXO2 Sondes deployed during the previous maintenance retrieval
and deployment cycle will be replaced with the prepped and calibrated YSI EXO2
Sondes. The replacement process has been established to ensure data collection
continuity and minimize staff field time. The retrieved YSI EXO2 Sonde will then be
transported back to the office for data upload, equipment maintenance, and calibrations
to prepare for the next day’s field retrieval and deployment process.
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Concurrent to YSI EXO2 Sonde retrievals and deployments, a calibrated YSI EXO
Handheld (HH) will be used to conduct a data logger field audit. Audits will be completed
as close to an YSI EXO2 Sonde 15-minute log cycle as possible. All audit data will be
incorporated with existing water quality data for quality comparison.
Nutrient sampling will also be implemented at these sites. Grab samples will be taken at
each monitoring site seasonally to quarterly, depending on staff availability and
resources. Discrete data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity,
salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will also be collected using an YSI Exo Handheld during nutrient sampling. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml
sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. In addition to
seasonal/quarterly grab sampling, a diel sampling program may be implemented
concurrent to nutrient grab sampling. If feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be
deployed seasonally to quarterly at one or more of the estuarine sampling sites. The
ISCO 6712 autosampler will be programmed to collect 1-L samples every 2.5 hours over
a 25 hour tidal cycle. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample
bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis.
A water sample will be collected at each monitoring site once every month for an inhouse bacterial analysis using IDEXX brand Colilert -18 reagent and the IDEXX
QuantiTray 2000 analytical system. Water samples of approximately 100ml (with
adequate head-space for mixing), will be collected using disposable, pre-sterilized
IDEXX sample bottles. All bacteria samples will be placed in a cooler on ice while in
transport to the lab.
All water quality parameters may be monitored after extreme storm events and around
possible anthropogenic inputs dependent on staff availability and resources.
Stream Water Quality Monitoring:
Site:
WQS07
Dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and
depth data will be collected seasonally to quarterly once per month at the stream site
using an YSI Exo Hand-held. A water sample will also be collected at each site for an in
house bacterial analysis (E. Coli). Water samples of approximately 100ml (with adequate
head-space for mixing), will be collected using disposable pre-sterilized IDEXX sample
bottles. In addition, water bacteria samples may be taken from the stream monitoring
site within 24 hours following an extreme storm event or around possible anthropogenic
inputs, depending on staff availability and resources.
Calibrated and audited Hobo water temperature data loggers will be deployed from May
through September and record data at 15 minute intervals. Data summaries will include
season peak temperature, the seven day average maximum temperature, and the
maximum daily change in temperature.
Quarterly/seasonal macroinvertebrate sampling, nutrient sampling, and aquatic habitat
assessments will also be implemented at this site. At each stream reach,
macroinvertebrate samples will be collected by compositing D-Frame Net kick samples
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from a selected habitat unit (e.g. pools, riffles). Samples will be preserved in the field
with ethanol. Subsampling the composite sample will be necessary since the composite
usually contains far more material and macroinvertebrates than is desirable to process
and identify. Sub sampling and identification will be performed by qualified contractors.
Grab samples for nutrients will be taken seasonally to quarterly, depending on staff
availability and resources. Discrete data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water
temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will also be collected
using an YSI Exo Hand-held during nutrient sampling. After samples are collected, they
will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. If
feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be deployed seasonally to quarterly at this
site. The ISCO 6712 autosampler will be programmed to collect 1-L samples every 2.5
hours over a 25 hour cycle. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml
sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis.
Aquatic habitat surveys will be conducted using the ODFW protocol Aquatic Inventories
Project: Methods for Stream Habitat Surveys (Moore, et al., 2004). Aquatic habitat
survey areas will be split into reaches within each site and assigned a name. A map of
aquatic habitat study reaches will be produced. Reach beginnings and endings will be
determined by a number of factors including changes in habitat type, land-use changes,
and access to private property.
All water quality parameters may be monitored after extreme storm events and around
possible anthropogenic inputs depending on staff availability and resources.
Lake Water Quality Monitoring:
Site:
WQL18
Dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, salinity, specific conductivity, depth, and data
will be collected at 15 minute intervals using an YSI 6600 data logger. The data logger
will be secured using a bracket structure to an existing submerged structure in close
proximity to the tract that remains submerged year-round at a fixed, accessible depth
that is representative of lake conditions. The brackets have been constructed based on
the brackets constructed and deployed by South Slough National Estuarine Research
Reserve (SSNERR, http://www.oregon.gov/DSL/SSNERR) water quality monitoring
staff. Turbidity samples will be collected using an YSI EXO Handheld equipped with a
turbidity sensor. In the event that a probe must be deployed without an equipped
turbidity sensor, turbidity data will be collected via grab samples for analysis using the
Hach 2100-P Turbidimeter.
Concurrent to YSI 6600 datalogger retrievals and deployments, a calibrated YSI EXO
Handheld (HH) will be used to conduct a data logger field audit. Audits will be completed
as close to an YSI 6600 datalogger’s 15-minute log cycle as possible. All audit data will
be incorporated with existing water quality data for quality comparison
Grab samples for nutrients will be taken seasonally to quarterly, depending on staff
availability and resources. Discrete data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water
temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will also be collected
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using an YSI Exo Hand-held during nutrient sampling. After samples are collected, they
will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis. If
feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be deployed seasonally to quarterly at this
site. The ISCO 6712 autosampler will be programmed to collect 1-L samples every 2.5
hours over a 25 hour cycle. After samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml
sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis.
Year round monthly water samples will be collected at the same site for in house
analysis of E-Coli. Water samples of approximately 100ml (with adequate head-space
for mixing), will be collected using disposable pre-sterilized IDEXX sample bottles. In
addition, water bacteria samples may be taken from the lake monitoring site within 24
hours following an extreme storm event or around possible anthropogenic inputs,
depending on staff availability and resources.
Toxic algal samples will be collected at sites where visual assessment or recreational
risk deems thus. Samples will be collected spring through fall when risks to public health
are the highest. 1L samples will be collected using wide mouth, sterilized Nalgene
bottles. Samples will be sent to an outside lab for analysis. Abraxis Microcystins Strip
Kits will be used to assess immediate risk prior to Tribal recreational events.
All water quality parameters may be monitored after extreme storm events and around
possible anthropogenic inputs depending on staff availability and resources. In addition,
HAB samples may be taken from the lake within 24 hours of a major weather event or
around possible anthropogenic inputs, depending on staff availability and resources.
Beach Water Quality Monitoring:
Sites:
WQB19
Grab samples for nutrients will be taken seasonally to quarterly, depending on staff
availability and resources at beach sites. Discrete data including dissolved oxygen, pH,
water temperature, turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will also be
collected using an YSI Exo Hand-held during nutrient sampling. After samples are
collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab
for analysis. If feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be deployed seasonally to
quarterly at this site. The ISCO 6712 autosampler will be programmed to collect 1-L
samples every 2.5 hours over a 25 hour tidal cycle. After samples are collected, they will
be filtered into 50ml sample bottles, frozen, and sent to an outside lab for analysis.
Monthly water samples will be collected for in house analysis of enterococcus.
Microbiological analysis of water samples collected at these sites will assist with the
assessment of potential bacterial contamination or impacts to Tribal waters.
Microbiological analysis will be conducted using IDEXX brand Enterolert reagent and the
IDEXX Quanti-Tray 2000 analytical system. Dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature,
turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, depth, data will be collected monthly at beach
sites using a YSI Exo Hand-held to help interpret results or modify the sampling design.
Water samples of approximately 100ml (with adequate head-space for mixing), will be
collected using disposable, pre-sterilized Idexx sample bottles. Once samples are
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collected, they will be placed on ice in a cooler for transport back to CTCLUSI’s in house
lab facilities. Field duplicates (minimum 50% frequency) and sterile water transfer blanks
will be processed on every beach monitoring sampling event.
All water quality parameters may be monitored after extreme storm events and around
possible anthropogenic inputs depending on staff availability and resources.
B1.d Measured Parameter and Associated Equipment
The following are the water quality parameters and manufacturer’s specifications for the
equipment to be used for the project. For sampling sites that are found to have water
quality impairments that are approaching or exceeding current water quality standards, a
more comprehensive and precise monitoring strategy will be developed to better capture
the magnitude of the impairment/s. For sampling sites that are found to have HABs, sites
will be monitored for toxins. If levels are exceeded, Tribal water recreation activities will
be cancelled and the Oregon Public Health Department will be notified.
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved oxygen serves as an indicator of the biological health of a water body.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations vary naturally with water temperature and altitude. If
more oxygen is consumed than is produced, and oxygen levels drop below their natural
levels, some sensitive animals may weaken, move away, or die. Dissolved oxygen levels
are affected by changes in water temperature and levels of organic materials. Changes
in water temperature can occur as a result of thermal discharges from manufacturing or
power plants, reduction of riparian shade, or sedimentation. Industrial, municipal wastes
and algal blooms can raise levels of organic materials.
YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling)
At selected sites, dissolved oxygen data will be collected using an YSI EXO2 Sonde
equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor. The manufacturer has determined the
accuracy, precision, and range of this sensor. The specifications of this sensor are
acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO2 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Optical Dissolved Oxygen % Saturation: NA
Range: 0 to 500%
Accuracy: 0 to 200% : ± 1% of the reading or 1% air saturation; whichever is greater;
200 to 500% air saturation, ± 5% of the reading
Resolution: 0.1%
Optical Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L): NA
Range: 0 to 50 mg/L
Accuracy: 0 to 20 mg/L: ± 0.1 mg/L or 1% of the reading, whichever is greater; 20 to 50
mg/L:± 5% of the reading
Resolution: 0.01 mg/L
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YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling)
At selected sites, dissolved oxygen data will be collected using an YSI EXO1 probe.
Dissolved oxygen data collected from the YSI EXO2 Sonde will also be audited using
the YSI EXO1 probe. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and
range of this probe. The specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO1 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Optical Dissolved Oxygen % Saturation: NA
Range: 0 to 500%
Accuracy: 0 to 200% : ± 1% of the reading or 1% air saturation; whichever is greater;
200 to 500% air saturation, ± 5% of the reading
Resolution: 0.1%
Optical Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L): NA
Range: 0 to 50 mg/L
Accuracy: 0 to 20 mg/L: ± 0.1 mg/L or 1% of the reading, whichever is greater; 20 to 50
mg/L:± 5% of the reading
Resolution: 0.01 mg/L
Water pH
pH is a measurement of water acidity. pH affects many chemical and biological
processes in the water. Most aquatic animals prefer a pH range of 6.5 - 8.0. pH outside
of this range reduces the diversity in the stream because it stresses the physiological
systems of most organisms and can reduce reproduction. Low pH can also cause
conditions that are toxic to aquatic life by allowing toxic elements and compounds to
become mobile. Changes in pH can be caused by acid rain, mining activities, and
wastewater discharge.
YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling)
At selected sites, water pH will be collected using an YSI EXO2 Sonde equipped with a
pH sensor. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this
sensor. The specifications for this sensor are acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO2 pH Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Range: 0 to 14 units
Accuracy: ±0.1 units w/in ±10°Cof calibration temp; ±0.2 pH units for entire temp range
Resolution: 0.01 units
YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling)
At selected sites, pH data will be collected using an YSI EXO1 probe. Water pH data
collected from the YSI EXO2 Sonde will also be audited using an YSI EXO1 probe. The
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manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this probe. The
specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO1 pH Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Range: 0 to 14 units
Accuracy: ±0.1 units w/in ±10°Cof calibration temp; ±0.2 pH units for entire temp range
Resolution: 0.01 units
Nutrients and Chlorophyll
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, which is why it is often an
ingredient in fertilizers. Because it is naturally in short supply (i.e., the “limiting nutrient”)
in most fresh water bodies, even small increases in phosphorus can cause undesirable
consequences, such as algae blooms, accelerated plant growth, and low dissolved
oxygen (decomposition of additional vegetation will consume more oxygen). Phosphorus
is considered limiting in most fresh water systems because it is not as abundant as
carbon and nitrogen, which are available in the atmosphere. Sources of phosphorus
include soil and rocks, wastewater treatment plants, runoff from fertilized lawns and
croplands, runoff from animal manure storage areas, disturbed land areas, drained
wetlands, water treatment, decomposition of organic matter, and commercial cleaning
preparations.
Plants and animals need nitrogen, but excess nitrogen can cause low levels of dissolved
oxygen and alter the types of plants and animals in the water body. The forms of
nitrogen most commonly found in water are ammonia, nitrates, and nitrites. Sources
include wastewater treatment plants, runoff from fertilized lawns and croplands, failing
septic systems, runoff from animal manure and storage areas, and industrial discharges
that contain corrosion inhibitors. Total nitrogen may be measured using kits, probes, or
meters, or by using a contract laboratory. Total nitrogen is the sum of total kjeldahl
nitrogen TKN, which is the sum of organic nitrogen and ammonia, nitrate and nitrite.
Total N can be derived by monitoring for TKN, nitrate, and nitrite individually and adding
the components together, but you can also measure total nitrogen directly using kits
readily available on the market. The main objective of nutrient monitoring will be to
determine whether nutrient concentrations are driven by tidal fluctuations, oceanic
forcing, or watershed inputs. Understanding the seasonal and tidal dynamics of nitrogen
and phosphorus concentrations is particularly important because high levels of these
nutrients can lead to over-enrichment and problems associated with eutrophication.
Water quality data chronicles essential baseline information and improves our
understanding of tidal dynamics and watershed inputs. Adding nutrients to our
framework of water quality parameters provides a second tier of factors that will
ultimately afford better capability to characterize how Tribal stream, estuarine, and
coastal systems function.
Chlorophyll a: Estuarine phytoplankton are a major source of autotrophic primary
production in the open water habitat estuarine sites monitored by our program.
Assemblages of estuarine phytoplankton are influenced seasonally and spatially by
variations in ocean forcing, nutrient availability, solar energy, and riverine inputs. The
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typical succession pattern in Pacific Northwest estuaries begins with low densities of
phytoplankton in late fall and winter (due to reduced light and high turbidity), followed by
a bloom of small diatoms in late winter/early spring. The diatom blooms usually
terminate in late spring when nitrogen sources are depleted. Phytoplankton densities
remain low in the summer months when nutrient availability is low and grazing pressure
is high (Karentz and McIntire, 1977); Pequegnat and Butler, 1982; Nybakken, 1993).
Relatively high concentrations of chlorophyll measured throughout the summer suggest
that nutrient availability in the marine-dominated region of the estuary may be pulsed
and tightly linked to seasonal upwelling in summer (Cowlishaw, 2001).
CTCLUSI Nutrient Sampling Procedure
Semi-annual/quarterly discrete and/or continuous (diel) sampling will enhance our
understanding of nutrient and phytopigment concentrations within estuaries and rivers
monitored by our program, and help determine whether nutrient inputs are delivered by
the ocean or freshwater systems.
Samples collected at or near sites equipped with YSI dataloggers will be reflective of the
water mass sampled by the datasonde. Any fluctuations in nutrient levels in response to
meteorological events and/or seasonal ocean conditions will also be evident.
Collecting samples through a diel cycle will highlight any fluctuations in nutrient and
phytopigment loads as a function of tidal forcing at our estuarine sampling sites. The
levels of nutrients and phytopigments at different tidal stages should determine the
impact of ocean versus freshwater input. Offshore upwelling is a significant contributor to
nutrient mixing in the Lower Columbian Bioregion and is responsible for high levels of
biotic productivity. This phenomenon is also believed to be correlated with hypoxic
conditions that periodically occur off the Oregon Coast.
CTCLUSI does not have a way to accurately measure nutrients or chlorophyll in house;
therefore, samples will be collected and sent to the University of Washington Marine
Chemistry Laboratory for analysis.
University of Washington Marine Chemistry Laboratory Accreditation Codes and
Detection Limits
Analysis
Method
References
PO4
UNESCO(1994)
SiOH4
UNESCO(1994)
NO3
UNESCO(1994)
NO2
UNESCO(1994)
EPA/SM#
NELAC
Code
Detection_Limits
EPA
0.03uM*,
WM920270
365.5_1.4_1997
0.0009mg/L
0.59uM,
EPA 366
WM920240
0.0166mg/L
EPA
0.15uM,
10068209
353.4_2_199
0.0021mg/L
EPA
0.02uM,
10068209
353.4_2_1997
0.0003mg/L
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Analysis
Method
References
EPA/SM#
NELAC
Code
Detection_Limits
NH4
UNESCO(1994)
Total N
Valderrama(1981) SM 4500-P J
Total P
Valderrama(1981) SM 4500-P J
Salinity
UNESCO(1994)
SM 2520 B-93
0.12uM,
0.0017mg/L
0.44uM,
WM920270
0.0062mg/L
0.04uM,
WM920270
0.0011mg/L
20040055 0.002PSU
Chlorophyll_a UNESCO(1994)
DOC
UNESCO(1994)
POC
UNESCO(1994)
PN
UNESCO(1994)
Dissolved O2 UNESCO(1994)
EPA 445
SM 5310 B-00
EPA 440.0
EPA 440.0
EPA 360.2
WM100080 0.02ug/L
20137819 100ug/L
10081206 10ug
10081206 1ug
50001600 0.5uM kg-1
EPA 349
WM920220
* µM (micromolar or 10-6 moles per liter)- amount of solute per unit volume of solution
Water Temperature
Temperature affects dissolved oxygen levels. Rates of photosynthesis of aquatic plants,
metabolic rates of aquatic organisms, and sensitivity of aquatic organisms to toxic
wastes, parasites, HABs, and diseases are also affected by temperature. Optimal
temperature ranges depend on the species present in the water body. If temperatures
are outside the optimal range for the species in a water body for extended periods of
time, organisms will be stressed and may die. For fish, there are two kinds of limiting
temperatures — the maximum temperature for short exposures and a weekly average
temperature that may vary by time of year and life cycle stage. Reproductive stages are
the most sensitive to temperature changes. Causes of temperature change include
weather, removal of riparian shade, dams and other barriers that confine water bodies,
industrial discharges, and storm-water runoff.
YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling)
Water temperature data will be collected at selected sites using an YSI EXO2 Sonde
equipped with a conductivity/temperature sensor. The manufacturer has determined the
accuracy, precision, and range of this sensor. The specifications of this sensor are
acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO2 Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Range: -5 to 35°C; 35 to 50°C
Accuracy: ± 0.0.1°C; ± 0.0.5°C:
Resolution: 0.001°C
YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling)
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At selected sites, water temperature data will be collected using an YSI EXO1 probe.
Water temperature data will also be collected from a calibrated YSI EXO1 probe to audit
YSI EXO2 Sonde data. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and
range of this probe. The specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO1 Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Range: -5 to 35°C; 35 to 50°C
Accuracy: ± 0.0.1°C; ± 0.0.5°C:
Resolution: 0.001°C
HOBO Water Temperature Pro V2 Datalogger (May-September Only)
Water temperature will be measured using temperature data loggers at selected active
sites during the months of May-September. The manufacturer has determined accuracy
and precision of these data loggers. The specifications of these data loggers are
acceptable for the project.
HOBO Water Temperature Pro V2 Datalogger Specifications (source:
www.onsetcomp.com)
Range: -40° to 70°C (-40° to 158°F) in air; maximum sustained temperature of 50°C
(122°F) in water
Accuracy: ±0.21°C from 0° to 50°C (±0.38°F from 32° to 122°F)
Resolution: 0.02°C at 25°C (0.04°F at 77°F)
Eutechnics Model 4400 NIST Traceable Digital Thermometer
Water temperature audits will be conducted using a NIST traceable digital thermometer
when an YSI EXO or 6-series sonde is unavailable. The manufacture has determined
the accuracy and precision of the digital thermometer. The specifications of this digital
thermometer are acceptable for the project. Eutechnics Model 4400 Digital Thermometer
specifications can be found at:
http://www.alphatechnics.com/products/precisionthermometers/Model_4400_Thermomet
er.pdf
Turbidity
Turbidity measures the clarity of a water body. It is closely related to erosion and
sediment that carry nutrients and bacteria into streams and lakes. Suspended particles
absorb more heat, raising water temperature, which in turn affects the oxygen level of a
water. When sediments eventually settle to the bottom of water bodies, suspended
materials can clog fish gills, and smother fish eggs and macroinvertebrates. Sediment
can also change the physical structure and hydrology of habitats. Causes of high
turbidity include soil erosion, wastewater discharge, urban runoff, farming and forestry
practices, and excessive algae growth.
YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling)
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Water turbidity data will be collected at selected sites using an YSI EXO2 Sonde
equipped with a turbidity sensor. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy,
precision, and range of this sensor. The specifications of this sensor are acceptable for
the project.
YSI EXO2 Turbidity Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Range: 0 to 4000 FNU
Accuracy: 0 to 999 FNU: 0.3 FNU or ±2 % of reading, whichever is greater; 1000 to
4000 FNU: ±5 % of reading
Resolution: 0 to 999 FNU = 0.01 FNU; 1000 to 4000 FNU = 0.1 FNU
YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling)
Turbidity data will be collected at selected sites using an YSI EXO1 probe. Turbidity data
will also be collected from a calibrated YSI EXO1 probe to audit YSI EXO2 Sonde data.
The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this probe. The
specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO1 Turbidity Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Range: 0 to 4000 FNU
Accuracy: 0 to 999 FNU: 0.3 FNU or ±2 % of reading, whichever is greater; 1000 to
4000 FNU: ±5 % of reading
Resolution: 0 to 999 FNU = 0.01 FNU; 1000 to 4000 FNU = 0.1 FNU
Macroinvertebrate Assemblage
Macroinvertebrates are indicators of the biological integrity of a water body. The
numbers of certain macroinvertebrate species in a water body can be compared to
established indices to determine the health of a stream. Macroinvertebrates respond to
different stressors in different ways, so it is often possible to use the macroinvertebrate
population to determine what kinds of stressors are affecting the water body.
The macroinvertebrate assemblage includes all aquatic invertebrates larger than 0.5
mm. The dominant invertebrates in minimally altered streams tend to be species of
mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera). These
three groups are referred to as the “EPT” taxa. Many other groups of invertebrate taxa
are also present in healthy streams, and the number (diversity) and type (structure) of
species present depends on the habitat and water quality of the stream sampled.
CTCLUSI Macroinvertebrate Sampling Procedure
Our program’s macroinvertebrate sampling design and data collection will be guided by
James R Karr’s Seven Foundations of Biological Monitoring and Assessment. Evaluating
the biological community of a stream through an assessment of the macroinvertebrates
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not only provides a sensitive and cost effective means of determining stream conditions,
but it also provides an integrative view of the anthropogenic influences on streams and
indicators that can be used to diagnose causes of degradation. The Benthic Index of
Biological Integrity (BIBI) for Pacific montane streams will be used to identify the
biological integrity of the water and help further classify water pollution problems.
Streams with a BIBI score of 0-24 are considered to have low biological integrity, a BIBI
score of 25-39 is considered to have moderate biological integrity, and a BIBI score of
more than 40 is considered to have high biological integrity.
The goal of the protocol described in this QAPP is to collect an unbiased, representative
sample of benthic macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams and rivers. At each stream
reach, samples will be collected by compositing D-Frame Net kick samples from a
selected habitat unit (e.g. pools, riffles). Samples will be preserved in the field with
ethanol. Subsampling the composite sample is necessary since the composite usually
contains far more material and macroinvertebrates than is desirable to process and
identify. Sub sampling and identification will be performed by qualified contractors.
Bacteria
E. coli and enterococcus are used as indicators of the presence of pathogens in drinking
and recreational waters. They indicate the possible presence of disease-causing
bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. If pathogens are present, fishing and swimming in the
water may cause health risks. These pathogens can also cause cloudy water,
unpleasant odors, and increased oxygen demand (reducing levels of dissolved oxygen).
Sources of bacteria include wastewater treatment plants, septic systems, storm-water
runoff, animal carcasses, and runoff from animal manure and manure storage areas.
(Source: http://www.epa.gov/owm/cwfinance/106tgg07.htm)
IDEXX Colilert-18 and IDEXX Enterolert Procedure
Escherichia Coli and Enterococcus quantities will be documented using an IDDEXX
Labs Colilert-18 and Enterolert Labs Procedure. In July of 2003, the EPA
approved Colilert®, Colilert®-18, Enterolert™, Quanti-Tray® and Quanti-Tray®/2000 for
the analysis of Escherichia coli (E. coli), enterococci,Cryptosporidium and Giardia in
fresh ambient water matrices, and enterococci in marine ambient water matrices (40
CFR Part 136 Vol. 68, No. 139). The Colilert-18 and Enterolert procedure methods for
quantifying bacteria levels is acceptable for this project. Additional information for this
procedure can be found on the web at: https://www.idexx.com/water/products/colilert18.html and https://www.idexx.com/water/products/enterolert.html.
Aquatic Habitat Surveys
Basic habitat information refers to physical attributes of a water body and its surrounding
area that influence its condition. Physical habitat varies naturally, as do biological and
chemical characteristics. Degradation of aquatic habitats by anthropogenic activities,
however, is recognized as one of the major causes of water pollution and water quality
impairment. Aquatic habitat conditions arise from the interactions between landform and
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land-use. Aquatic habitat survey data collected by our program will be used to qualify
and quantify current stream conditions. The information gathered by the habitat survey
will also help to determine the proper functioning condition of a stream as outlined in the
: Riparian Area Management: A User Guide to Assessing Proper Functioning Condition
and the Supporting Science for Lotic Areas Technical Reference 1737-15 (Don Prichard
& Work Group, 1998).
Habitat Survey Procedure
The aquatic habitat survey parameters implemented by our program include unit type,
substrate type, pool depth, riffle sediment, large woody debris, and bank stability.
Channel morphology data will also be collected as part of aquatic habitat surveys.
Aquatic habitat surveys will be conducted using the ODFW protocol Aquatic Inventories
Project: Methods for Stream Habitat Surveys (Moore, et al., 2004). Aquatic habitat
survey areas will be split into reaches within each site and assigned a name. A map of
aquatic habitat study reaches will be produced. Reach beginnings and endings will be
determined by a number of factors including changes in habitat type, land-use changes,
and access to private property.
Salinity/Specific Conductivity
Salinity is generally defined as the total amount of dissolved solids in a volume of water.
The salinity of seawater in the open ocean is remarkably constant at about 35 parts per
thousand (ppt). Salinity in an estuary varies according to location, tidal fluctuations and
the volume of freshwater runoff.
Salinity levels in estuaries are generally highest near the mouth of a river where ocean
water enters, and lowest upstream where freshwater flows in. However, actual salinities
at specific locations in the estuaries vary through the tidal cycle. Overall salinity levels in
the estuaries decline in the spring when snowmelt and rain produce elevated freshwater
discharges from streams and groundwater.
Variations in salinity produce changes in species composition, distribution and
abundance in an estuary. Estuarine organisms have different tolerances and responses
to salinity changes. For example, benthic (bottom-dwelling) organisms are able to
tolerate changing salinities, but salinities outside an acceptable range will affect growth
and reproduction.
Salinity is also important because it affects chemical conditions within the estuary,
particularly dissolved oxygen levels. The amount of dissolved oxygen (solubility)
decreases with increasing salinity. The solubility of oxygen in seawater is about 20
percent less than in freshwater of the same temperature.
YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling)
At selected sites, salinity and conductivity data will be collected using an YSI EXO2
sonde equipped with a conductivity/temperature sensor. The manufacturer has
determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this sensor. The specifications of this
sensor are acceptable for the project.
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YSI EXO2 Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Salinity: Calculated from conductivity and temperature
Range: 0 to 70 ppt
Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading or 0.1 ppt, whichever is greater
Resolution: 0.01 ppt
Specific Conductivity: Calculated from conductivity and temperature
Range: 0 to 200 mS/cm
Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading or 0.001 mS/cm, whichever is greater
Resolution: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 mS/cm (auto-scaling)
YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling)
At selected sites, salinity/conductivity data will be collected using an YSI EXO1 probe.
Salinity/conductivity data collected from the YSI EXO2 sonde will also be audited using
an YSI EXO1 probe. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and
range of this probe. The specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO2 Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Salinity: Calculated from conductivity and temperature
Range: 0 to 70 ppt
Accuracy: ±1.0% of reading or 0.1 ppt, whichever is greater
Resolution: 0.01 ppt
Specific Conductivity: Calculated from conductivity and temperature
Range: 0 to 200 mS/cm
Accuracy: ±0.5% of reading or 0.001 mS/cm, whichever is greater
Resolution: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 mS/cm (auto-scaling)
Water Depth
Water levels in the estuary vary primarily with the tide, weather conditions and the
amount of upland stream flow and runoff. Physical, chemical and biological conditions
within the estuary vary with water level.
Changes in water volume in the channels and bays of the estuary change the
concentration of dissolved and suspended materials in the water. During periods of high
runoff due to storms, the amount of suspended sediment in the water tends to increase
because of erosion in the watershed. Rainfall and runoff also interact with toxic algae
blooms in lakes. Cool rainfall can kill blooms, while runoff can increase eutrophication
and accelerate bloom growth in warm periods following rain events.
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Depending on the pollutant source, bacterial levels may also increase as runoff
increases. Conversely, turbidity levels may increase during periods of low water volume
because of the action of wind and waves on muddy bottom sediments at low tide.
YSI EXO2 Sonde Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling)
Water depth data will be collected at selected sites using an YSI EXO2 Sonde equipped
with a depth sensor. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and
range of this sensor. The specifications of this sensor are acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO2 Depth Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Depth and Level: -10 m
Range: 0 to 10 m (0 to 33 ft)
Accuracy: ±0.04% FS (±0.004 m or ± 0.013 ft)
Resolution: 0.001 m (0.001 ft)(auto-ranging)
Depth and Level: -100 m
Range: 0 to 100 m (0 to 328 ft)
Accuracy: ±0.04% FS (±0.04 m or ± 0.13 ft)
Resolution: 0.001 m (0.001 ft)(auto-ranging)
YSI EXO Handheld (HH) (discrete sampling)
At selected sites, water depth data will be collected using an YSI EXO1 probe. Water
depth data will also be collected from a calibrated YSI EXO1 to audit YSI EXO2 Sonde
data. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this probe.
The specifications of this sensor are acceptable for the project.
YSI EXO1 Depth Sensor Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Depth and Level: -10 m
Range: 0 to 10 m (0 to 33 ft)
Accuracy: ±0.04% FS (±0.004 m or ± 0.013 ft)
Resolution: 0.001 m (0.001 ft)(auto-ranging)
Depth and Level: -100 m
Range: 0 to 100 m (0 to 328 ft)
Accuracy: ±0.04% FS (±0.04 m or ± 0.13 ft)
Resolution: 0.001 m (0.001 ft)(auto-ranging)
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
Harmful algal blooms are actually an over growth of certain species of cyanobacteria
that are referred to as “algae” or “blue-green algae” and share the same photosynthetic
properties, but are, in fact, bacteria. Cyanobacteria naturally occur in fresh and marine
aquatic water bodies, and when present in large quantities or “blooms, can negatively
impact water contact recreation, drinking water, aquatic life, aesthetics, and other
beneficial uses of water bodies.
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Biomass from blooms can cause anoxia, hypoxia, and habitat alteration. Cyanobacteria
can also produce neurotoxins and hepatoxins as well as lipopolysaccharides that can
pose a significant danger to the health of Tribal members and Tribal resources.
Increased inputs of nutrients from storm-water run-off, failing septic systems, and certain
human land use practices, such as agriculture, promote cyanobacterial growth and can
lead to increased occurrences of HABs. Stagnant water, low flows, sustained high
temperatures, and increased intensity and duration of sunlight create ideal conditions for
freshwater HABs. Climate change may also promote the growth and dominance of HABs
in addition to nutrient inputs from anthropogenic sources.
(Source: http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/habs_faqs-andresources_v1-july2015.pdf)
HABs Sampling Procedure
HABs sampling design and data collection will be modeled after OHA’s Sampling
Guidelines: Cyanobacterial Harmful Blooms in Recreational Waters, which can be found
at:
http://public.health.oregon.gov/HealthyEnvironments/Recreation/HarmfulAlgaeBlooms/D
ocuments/HABSamplingGuidance%2020150424x.pdf.
The type of sampling procedure instituted will be contingent on the timing and frequency
of Tribal recreational and cultural activities.
Backup Equipment
YSI 6600 EDS Multi-Parameter Datalogger (continuous sampling)
An YSI 6600 EDS V2 or 6600 Datalogger will be used as a backup for all YSI EXO2
Sondes. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision, and range of this
sonde. The specifications of this sonde is acceptable for the project.
YSI 6600 Extended Deployment System V2 Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Optical Dissolved Oxygen % Saturation: NA
Range: 0 to 500%
Accuracy: 0 to 200% : ± 1% of the reading or 1% air saturation; whichever is greater;
200 to 500% air saturation, ± 15% of the reading
Resolution: 0.1%
Optical Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L): NA
Range: 0 to 50 mg/L
Accuracy: 0 to 20 mg/L: ± 0.1 mg/L or 1% of the reading, whichever is greater; 20 to 50
mg/L:± 15% of the reading
Resolution: 0.01 mg/L
Temperature: 6560 Sensor
Range: -5 to +50°C
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Accuracy: ± 0.15°C
Resolution: 0.01°C
Conductivity: 6560 Sensor
Range: 0 to 100 mS/cm
Accuracy: ± 0.5% of reading + 0.001 mS/cm
Resolution: 0.001 mS/cm to 0.1 mS/cm (range-dependent)
Salinity: Calculated from conductivity and temperature
Range: 0 to 70 ppt
Accuracy: ± 1.0% of reading or 0.1 ppt, whichever is greater
Resolution: 0.01 ppt
pH: 6561 sensor
Range: 0 to 14 units
Accuracy: ±0.2 units
Resolution: 0.01 units
Shallow Depth NA
Range 0 to 30 feet (0 to 9.1 m)
Accuracy ± 0.06 feet (0.02 )
Resolution 0.001 feet (0.001m)
YSI 650 MDS Multi-Parameter Meter
An YSI 650 MDS Meter equipped with a 600 XLM sonde will be used as a backup for the
YSI EXO Handheld (HH). The manufacturer has determined the accuracy, precision,
and range of this probe. The specifications of this probe are acceptable for the project.
YSI 600 XLM Specifications (source: www.ysi.com)
Dissolved Oxygen % Saturation: 6562 Rapid Pulse Sensor
Range: 0 to 500%
Accuracy: 0 to 200%: ± 2% of the reading or 2% air saturation, whichever
is greater: 200 to 500% air saturation, ± 6% of the reading
Resolution: 0.1% air saturation
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L): 6562 Rapid Pulse Sensor
Range: 0 to 50 mg/L
Accuracy: 0 to 20 mg/L: ± 0.2 mg/L or 2% of the reading, whichever is
greater; 20 to 50 mg/L: ± 6% of the reading
Resolution: 0.01 mg/L
Temperature: 6560 Sensor
Range: -5 to +50°C
Accuracy: ± 0.15°C
Resolution: 0.01°C
Conductivity: 6560 Sensor
Range: 0 to 100 mS/cm
Accuracy: ± 0.5% of reading + 0.001 mS/cm
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Resolution: 0.001 mS/cm to 0.1 mS/cm (range-dependent)
Salinity: Calculated from conductivity and temperature
Range: 0 to 70 ppt
Accuracy: ± 1.0% of reading or 0.1 ppt, whichever is greater
Resolution: 0.01 ppt
pH: 6561 Sensor
Range: 0 to 14 units
Accuracy: ±0.2 units
Resolution: 0.01 units
ORP: NA
Range: -999 to +999 mV
Accuracy: ± 20 mV
Resolution: 0.1 mV
Shallow Depth and Level: NA
Range: 0 to 30 feet (0 to 9.1 m)
Accuracy: ± 0.06 feet (0.02 )
Resolution: 0.001 feet (0.001m)
Hach 2100-P Turbidimeter
In the event that a probe must be deployed without an equipped turbidity sensor,
turbidity data will be collected via grab samples for analysis using the Hach 2100-P
Turbidimeter. The manufacturer has determined the accuracy and precision of this
meter. The maximum accuracy is ± 2% of reading plus stray light from 0-1000 NTU. The
resolution is 0.01 NTU on lowest range. The range can be either automatic or manual
scale adjusted from .01NTU to 1000NTU. The specifications for this meter are
acceptable for the project.
B.2 Sampling Methods
Sondes
Sonde calibration, maintenance, data collection, deployment and retrieval methods
implemented by this program will follow standard operating procedures outlined in the
ODEQ Water Monitoring and Assessment Mode of Operations Manual (MOMs),
Centralized Data Management Office (CDMO) National Environmental Research
Reserve (NERR) System Wide Monitoring Program (SWMP) YSI/Xylem EXO MultiParameter Water Quality Monitoring Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) (pending
release), and CDMO NERR SWMP YSI 6-Series Multi-Parameter Water Quality
Monitoring SOP.
All water quality data will be collected in 15-minute intervals at a known, fixed distance
from the bottom (between 0.5 and 1 meters above the substrate). The YSI sonde must
be configured to collect the following parameters.
Parameter
Date
Time
Units
mm/dd/yyyy
mm/dd/yyyy
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mm/dd/yyyy
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Dissolved Oxygen - percent
Dissolved Oxygen - conc
pH
Water Temperature
Turbidity
Salinity
Specific Conductivity
Shallow Depth
% Saturation
mg/L
pH units
C
FNU
psu
mS/cm
m
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.0000
0.000
Discrete Sample Collection
At all sample sites, field data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature,
turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will be recorded using a Hand-held YSI
EXO equipped with either an YSI EXO1 sonde or EXO2 sonde. Efforts will be made to
sample during spring tides at low-low and high-high tide, although this will not always be
feasible due to the timing of tides and schedules of staff. Efforts will also be made to
sample following a 72-hour dry period unless it substantially impacts the interval
between quarterly/semi-annual runs.
Nutrient Sampling Protocol
Equipment Needs
Sample bottles for inorganic nutrients
Sample bottles for chlorophyll
60 ml syringes for nutrient
Filtration apparatus for chlorophyll
Syringe filters (surfactant free cellulose, 25mm, .45 micron pore size) for
nutrients
GF/F filters for chlorophyll
20 ml graduated cylinder
Field Grab Samples
At all sites, field calibration data including dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature,
turbidity, salinity, specific conductivity, and depth will be recorded with a hand-held YSI
equipped with a YSI EXO1 sonde or YSI Exo 2 sonde, whichever is available.
At each site, three consecutive samples (duplicates) will be collected using a 2-L Van
Dorn bottle held at 0.5 m to 1.0 m above the channel bottom, the same level as the YSI
samples. Samples from the Van Dorn bottle will be decanted into amber, wide-mouthed,
Nalgene bottles. Efforts will be made to sample during spring tides at low-low and highhigh tide, although this will not always be feasible due to the timing of tides and
schedules of staff. Efforts will also be made to sample following a 72-hour dry period
unless it substantially impacts the interval between quarterly/semi-annual runs.
Sample bottles and equipment will be rinsed in tap water three times, acid washed (10%
HCL), then washed in deionized water three times, and finally rinsed in ambient water in
the field three times. After a sample is collected, sample bottles will be immediately
capped, placed on ice in the dark, and returned to the CTCLUSI laboratory. In the
laboratory, samples will remained stored at 4oC until filtration. Samples will be filtered
within 24 hours of collection and overnighted to a contract lab for further processing.
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Diel Sampling Protocol
A diel sampling program may be implemented concurrent to the nutrient grab sampling.
If feasible, an ISCO 6712 autosampler may be deployed seasonally to quarterly at one
or more of the estuarine sampling sites. The ISCO 6712 autosampler will be
programmed to collect 1-L samples every 2.5 hours over a 25 hour tidal cycle. After
samples are collected, they will be filtered into 50ml sample bottles within 24 hours of
retrieval and overnighted to a contract lab for further processing. ISCO sample bottles
will be rinsed in tap water three times, acid washed (10% HCL), then rinsed in deionized
water three times.
During deployment, if necessary, a 25-pound weight will be lowered to the channel
bottom and the suction head of the ISCO clipped to the line. The suction head will be
lowered within 0.5 m to 1.0 m of the channel substrate in order to sample the water at
the same level as an YSI datalogger. A second weight will be clipped to the line and
lowered to just below the low-tide level in order to maintain the suction line in a
horizontal orientation during tidal exchanges. The suction line will be secured to the dock
or piling to ensure a smooth, continuous rise to the pump head. The central well of the
ISCO will be filled with ice to maintain the 4oC sample storage requirement.
On particularly warm days, ice will be replenished two or three times to ensure the
integrity of the samples. When the diel sampling is complete, the ISCO sample bottles
will be capped, stored on ice in the dark and returned immediately to the lab where they
will be stored at 4oC until filtration.
Laboratory Filtration of Samples
Samples will be stored at 4oC in the dark until they are filtered. Immediately prior to
filtration, samples will be agitated to ensure homogenization. Chlorophyll and
phaeophytin will be processed with a vacuum filtration apparatus. Inorganic nutrients,
total nitrogen and phosphorus, and dissolved organic carbon will be filtered using a
syringe and Acrodisc filters. Filters and filtrates will be stored at -20oC prior to mailing.
As close as possible to the overnight shipment pickup time, the frozen samples will be
packed in a styrofoam container, surrounded with bags of ice, and sent to the University
of Washington Marine Chemistry Laboratory for analysis.
Laboratory Methods
i.
Parameter: NH4 Filtered (F)
Method Reference: Slawyk, G. and MacIsaac, J.J. (1972) Comparison of two
automated ammonium methods in a region of coastal upwelling. Deep Sea
Research 19:521-524.
Method Descriptor: A water sample is treated with phenol and alkaline
hypochlorite in the presence of NH3 to form indophenol blue (Berthelot
reaction). Sodium nitroferricyanide is used as a catalyst in the reaction.
Precipitation of Ca and Mg hydroxides is eliminated by the addition of sodium
citrate-complexing reagent. The sample stream is passed through a 55 oC
heating bath, then through a 50 mm flowcell and absorbance is measured at
640 nm on a Technicon Model AAII.
Preservation Method: Sample is filtered through a 0.45 µm disposable disk filter
and stored at –20oC until analyzed.
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ii.
Parameter: NO23F, NO3F and NO2F
Method Reference: Armstrong, F. A., C. R. Stearns, and J. D. H. Strickland.
1967. The measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by
means of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer and associated equipment. Deep Sea
Research 14:381-389.
Method Descriptor: For nitrate+nitrite (NO23) analysis, a water sample is passed
through a cadmium column where the nitrate (NO3) is reduced to nitrite (NO2).
This NO2 is then diazotized with sulfanilamide and coupled with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine to form an azo dye. The sample is then passed through a 15
mm flowcell and absorbance is measured at 540 nm on a Technicon Model
AAII, giving NO23. A 50 mm flowcell is required for NO2. The procedure is the
same for the NO2 analysis less the cadmium column. NO3 concentration equals
the NO23 concentration minus the NO2 concentration.
Preservation Method: Sample is filtered through a 0.45 µm disposable disk filter
and stored at –20oC until analyzed.
iii.
Parameter: PO4F
Method Reference: Bernhardt, H. and A. Wilhelms. 1967. The continuous
determination of low level iron, soluble phosphate, and total phosphate with the
AutoAnalyzer. Technicon Symposium 1:386.
Method Descriptor: Ammonium molybdate is added to a water sample to produce
phosphomolybdic acid, which is then reduced to phosphomolybdous acid (a
blue compound) following the addition of dihydrazine (or hydrazine) sulfate.
The sample is passed through a 50 mm flowcell and absorbance is measured
at 820 nm on a Technicon Model AAII.
Preservation Method: Sample is filtered through a 0.45 µm disposable disk filter
and stored at –20oC until analysis.
iv.
Parameter: CHLA, PHEA
Method References: EPA 1997. In vitro determination of chlorophyll a and
phaeophytin a in marine and freshwater algae by fluorescence. Method 445.0.
UNESCO. 1994. Protocols for the joint global ocean flux study (JGOFS) core
measurements. pp. 97-100.
Method Descriptor: CHLA is extracted in 10 ml 90% acetone and fluorescence is
measured and recorded (Fo) with a Turner model TD700 fluorometer using the
multi-option raw fluorescence mode. Several drops of 10% hydrochloric acid
are added to convert the CHLA to PHEA. The fluorescence is again measured
and recorded (Fa). The concentration (µg/L) of CHLA and PHEA are calculated
using the Fo/Fa ratio.
Preservation Method: A known volume of sample is filtered onto a 25 mm GF/F
filter, folded in half and wrapped in aluminum foil. Foil is stored at –20oC until
analysis.
Reporting of missing data and data with concentrations lower than method
detection limits
Nutrient/Chl A comment codes and definitions are provided in the following table.
Missing data are denoted by a blank cell (“ ”) and comment coded with an “M”.
Laboratories in the NERRS System submit data that are censored at a lower detection
rate limit, called the Method Detection Limit or MDL. Concentrations that are less than
this limit are denoted by a –9999 and comment coded with a “B” placed in the NO23F
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comment code column. Calculated parameters are comment coded with a “C” and if any
of the components used in the calculation are below the MDL, the calculated variable is
denoted by –9999 and also comment coded with a “B”. If a calculated value is negative,
the value is reported as a –9999. In a few cases, values were close to the top of the
stated range for a particular parameter. In these instances, the University of Washington
Marine Chemistry Laboratory manager stated that, “Chances are, if a number went
above the stated range the sample was diluted; however, if the concentration is close to
the top of the stated range I probably just ran a higher standard.” Because of this, the
comment code “A” was not used.
Variable Comment Codes:
Comment Code
Definition
A
B
C
D
Value above upper limit of method detection
Value below method detection limit
Calculated Value
Data deleted or calculated value could not be determined due to
deleted data; see metadata for details
H
K
M
Sample held beyond specified holding time
Check metadata for further details
Data missing, sample never collected, or calculated value could not
be determined due to missing data
P
Significant precipitation (reserve defined; see metadata part 16 for
further details)
S
U
Data suspect; see metadata for further details
Lab analysis from unpreserved sample
Macroinvertebrate Sampling Protocol
Two variants of the field collection protocol used by Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) are described here. One is targeted habitat sampling,
which is the standard DEQ protocol, and the other is transect sampling, a protocol used
only for EPA-funded studies such as the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) (Peck, et. al., 2000). Our program will likely implement the EMAP
protocol.
Equipment Needs
500 um mesh D-Frame kick net
Three gallon sieve bucket
Scrub brush
Long-sleeved rubber gloves
Ziploc bags or Nalgene containers
Sample label
Waders with slip-resistant soles
Standard Oregon DEQ
8 kick composite (each kick 1 foot * 1 foot)
---prior to 2003, DEQ collected four 2-foot2 kicks
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9 cell grid overlay to select sites
collect riffles at all sites (if no riffle collect a pool sample)
collect riffles AND pools at reference sites only
EMAP
8 kick composite (each kick 1 foot * 1 foot)
9 cell grid overlay to select sites
Collect riffles AND transect samples at ALL sites
Collect pool samples only if riffle habitat is unavailable
Targeted Habitat Sampling
1. Beginning at the downstream end of the reach, select the first riffle or pool habitat
unit (riffles at all sites, pools only if reference site or no riffles present). Collect one
kick sample from each riffle or pool unless fewer than eight are present within reach.
In that case, evenly spread the eight samples across the number of riffles or pools
within the reach. EXCLUDE margin habitats (area within 5% of channel margins).
Visualize a 3x3 grid over each riffle (or habitat unit) to be sampled (see figure 1).
For the first habitat unit, select the lower-left square; for the second habitat unit, select
the lower-center; the third, the lower-right; for the fourth, select the middle-left; for the
fifth select the middle-center; for the sixth select the middle-right; for the seventh select
the upper-left; for the eighth select the upper-center. Collect the kick sample in the
center of each grid square.
7
8
4
5
6
1
2
3
Figure 1. Visualize a grid overlay to select kick sites at each habitat unit (riffle or pool).
2. After locating the random sample location, place the net into the stream with the flat
part of the hoop resting on the bottom and perpendicular to the stream flow. As much
as possible, make sure to remove any substrate that prevents the flat part of the
kick-net from sitting flush with the bottom. It may also be useful to remove large
substrate particles downstream of the flat portion of the loop that may affect the flow
entering the net. Collect the macroinvertebrate sample by disturbing a 30 by 30
centimeter area (1ft x 1ft).
3. Inspect the benthos in a 1 ft X 1ft area (approximately as wide as the kick net) of
stream bottom directly in front of the net for any large organisms such as mussels.
Pick these and place in the sieve bucket.
4. Carefully rub by hand all substrate larger than five centimeters (golf ball size and
larger) in front of the net to dislodge any clinging macroinvertebrates. Then, with a
small scrub brush, dislodge organisms still clinging to the larger substrate particles.
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After rubbing, place the substrate outside of the sample plot. (Hand scrubbing is
recommended prior to using the brush to prevent damage from occurring to fragile
macroinvertebrate specimens. Also, be gentle with the brush, so as not to chew up
the macroinvertebrates.)
5. Thoroughly disturb the remaining substrate in the 1ft * 1ft area with your hands or
feet for 30 seconds to a depth of five to ten centimeters.
NOTE: Collecting a sample in slow moving water is a little more difficult. It may
involve pulling the net through the water as the substrate is disturbed to capture
suspended organisms.
6. After the sample is collected and the net removed, return the large substrate to the
sample plot.
7. The contents of the net are placed in a sieve bucket and the sampling procedure is
repeated for that habitat type. Always sample downstream to upstream.
8. All kick samples for the same habitat type are composited in the sieve bucket. Large
organic material and rocks are rinsed, carefully inspected for clinging
macroinvertebrates, and removed. As much fine sediment as possible should be
washed away. Leaf packs from pool samples may require considerable rinsing and
removal of debris before preserving the composite sample.
9. The composite sample is placed in a labeled jar or double zip-lock bag and
preserved with 95% denatured ethanol for sorting and subsampling in the lab. Pour
enough ETOH in the container to equal the volume of sample. It is necessary to
replace the alcohol in the sample with fresh alcohol within one week to ensure
adequate preservation. Typically, each sample should have its ethanol changed at
the end of each field week, unless the ethanol is still clear (not green or brown).
Place a label (Rite in the Rain paper) written in pencil containing site and habitat unit
information inside the container. Label the outside container with a pencil written on
a label, then tape the label to the outside of the jar. Do not use markers as most inks
are soluble in alcohol.
10. After samples are collected in the field, several steps should be taken before they
can be put away. We recommend changing the alcohol preservative within a few
days of collection. This is especially important if the sample contains a lot of wet
organic material (leaves, moss, etc.) that would dilute the alcohol. Containers should
be checked for leaks and complete labeling. Samples need to be stored in a neat
and systematic manner.
Transect sampling (EMAP only)
Select the transect A sample location at the middle of the left one-third of the stream.
For transect B, set the net in the middle of the center one-third of the stream. For
transect C, set the net in the middle of the right one-third. For transect D, start back at
the left one-third. Repeat the cycle for all 11 transects. (Be sure to follow the L, C, R, L,
C, R pattern. DO NOT oversample the middle section.) EXCLUDE the margins. (See
Peck et al 2000, for further details.)
The remaining sampling and processing techniques are the same as described above.
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Sample Tracking and Record Keeping Method
1. In order to adequately track each invertebrate sample, the following
parameters are needed:
Station (the number DEQ uses to represent a unique sampling location),
Site name,
Site ID (depending on project),
Collection date,
Habitat sampled,
Whether or not the sample was a field duplicate
The number of jars used for the entire sample
Collector’s initials.
(Each of these parameters should re-verify against the “Sample Tracking”
form, which is turned into the Tracker’s office for entry into LIMS.)
2. Tags with all of the information listed above should be placed inside the
container and also attached to the outside (staple or tape). Be sure to use a
pencil, not a marker.
3. Samples with “clean” ethanol should be placed in the Bio Lab on the benches
identified for bug storage. Be sure to place the samples in the appropriate
area designated by project.
4. At periodic intervals throughout the field season, office personnel will move
the accumulated bug samples out to the bunker for storage until they are
shipped. For samples going to Rhithron Biological Associates (all projects
other than EMAP), use the blue or green tupper-ware bins. Label the outside
of the bin with the project name and a unique bin number. For EMAP
samples going to EPA in Corvallis, use the white screw-top buckets. Each
screw-top bucket should have a unique number (if it does not, assign one).
5. Record the bin/bucket number that each sample is placed into on a hard copy
of the “Sample Shipping” form. When a bin/bucket is full, make a photocopy
of the shipping form for our records, and place the original inside the
bin/bucket. Be sure to note jar numbers. (For example, if a sample has 6 jars,
you may need to place “jars 1-3 of 6” in bin # 3, and “jars 4-6 of 6” in bin #
12.)
Laboratory Filtration of Samples
Macroinvertebrate samples will be stored in a 70% EtOH solution until they can be sent
to Aquatic Biology Associates for macroinvertebrate analysis. Samples will not be held
longer than 7 days after sampling.
Bacteria Sampling Protocol
Equipment Needs
Sample bottles for E. coli and Enterococcus
Ice chest
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Field Grabs
Attach an unopened 120ml Idexx Shrink wrapped bottle onto the end of a two meter
telescoping wand. Before carefully removing the shrink wrap from the bottle, position
yourself at the site’s sampling location. When you have safely positioned yourself at your
sample location, carefully remove the shrink wrap from the sample bottle.
WHEN OPENING THE SAMPLE BOTTLE DO NOT LET THE INSIDE OF THE CAP OR
THE RIM OF THE BOTTLE CONTACT ANYTHING!
Rotate the telescoping wand, with the now open bottle attached to it, so that the mouth
of the sample bottle is pointing directly downward above the water’s surface. Quickly
submerge the downward pointing bottle to a one meter depth (or as deep as you can so
that the end of the wand is suspended halfway between the water surface and the
substrate). Now, rotate the telescoping wand so the bottle is upright and facing the
direction of water flow. Shake the bottle to remove air bubbles and fill to the top to make
sure surface water will not enter the bottle as you remove it. Carefully replace the cap.
Within one minute of collection, place capped sample bottle upright in ice chest and
surround with ice. Record time that sample was collected and place in ice chest.
Samples will be held no more than a maximum of 6 hours and transported directly from
the field to the laboratory for immediate processing.
Sample Preparation and Laboratory Protocol
Equipment Needs
IDEXX 120ml bottles for E. coli and Enterococcus
Colilert – 18 and Enterolert
Quanti-Trays
Quanti-Tray sealer
Incubators
A 1:10 dilution is used when running E-Coli and Enterococcus testing procedures. Field
samples are allowed to reach room temperature (per Idexx recommended protocols)
before they are diluted. Prior to pipetting 10 ml from the original sample, gently swirl the
sample to redistribute potentially settled material.
Pipette 10ml of water sample into a sterile, freshly opened, 120ml IDEXX sample bottle
and quickly cap (again, being careful not to touch the inside of the cap or rim of the
bottle). After preparing all the samples taken for that day in the same way, add distilled
water to each one so that the bottle is filled to the 100ml line. Add 1 package of IDEXX
Enterolert or Clilert-18 reagent, depending on the species of bacteria being tested for,
and swirl until thoroughly dissolved.
Open the Quanti-Tray/2000 and hold it in a U-shape as you pour the entire sample into
it, touching only the foil tab. Tap the small wells two or three times to eliminate air
bubbles. Send the sample Quanti-Tray/2000 in the red rubber insert through the sealing
machine.
Incubate the trays filled with Colilert-18 for 20 hours at 35 +/-0.5 degrees Celsius. At the
end of incubation, read and record the results of the test. If the wells in the QuantiIntegrated Water Quality Monitoring Program CTCLUSI
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Tray/2000 do not have a yellow color, the test is negative. Wells that have turned as
yellow as the comparator indicate the presence of total coliform bacteria. Record the
number of small wells that turned yellow and separately record the number of large wells
(including the large well at the top of the tray) that turn yellow. This is the MPN for total
coliforms in the sample.
If the wells are at least as yellow as the comparator, check each well for fluorescence by
placing the UV light within five inches of the sample in a dark place. Read and record the
number of small wells that fluoresce and separately record the number of large wells that
fluoresce (including the large well at the top of the tray).This is the MPN for E.coli in the
sample.
Incubate the trays filled with Enterolert for 24 hours at 41 +/-0.5 degrees Celsius. At the
end of incubation, read and record the results of the test. Read and record the number of
small wells that fluoresce and separately record the number of large wells that fluoresce
(including the large well at the top of the tray). This is the MPN for enterococcus in the
sample. There will only be a slight yellowish tint to the Enterolert samples.
*The incubator will hold a maximum of twelve trays stacked in rows of no more than
three trays.
**Refer to the MPN table to obtain the Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliform,
e.coli and enterococcus in the samples. Multiply the result by the dilution factor of 10.
Aquatic Habitat Assessment Protocol
The following description is a broad overview of the extensive habitat assessment
utilized by our program. For more detailed descriptions of these protocols, please refer
to the ODFW protocol Aquatic Inventories Project: Methods for Stream Habitat Surveys
(Moore, et al., 2004) at
http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/ODFW/freshwater/inventory/pdffiles/habmethod.pdf.
The process of conducting a stream survey involves collecting general information from
maps and other sources and the direct observation of stream characteristics in the field.
This information is both collected and analyzed based on a hierarchical system of
regions, basins, streams, reaches, and habitat units.
A collection of general information on regions and basins will need to be performed
before field data collection based on stream, reach and channel unit characteristics is
conducted. Region and basin data will primarily come from ODFW-EPA region and sub
region classifications, and from map analysis.
The following instructions and definitions provide the outline for these activities and a
description of the tasks involved in conducting CTCLUSI’s stream habitat
assessment/inventory.
Identification of channel unit characteristics, counts and relative distribution of several
unit attributes, and verification of length and width estimates for a subset of units will be
conducted at each stream site. Descriptions of reach characteristics, riparian conditions,
identifications of habitat unit types, and quantifications of the amount of large woody
debris will also be recorded.
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Equipment Needs
1. Maps - 7.5 minute quad (1:24,000 scale) USGS topographic maps of the
stream and basin. Road map coverage by county or fire district. Oregon
Atlas and Gazetteer (Delorme Mapping).
2. Recording Materials - Waterproof field book,
This text is long and has been trimmed here. Open the source document for the complete record.
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