TRIBAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN

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2026 UPDATE

BEAR RIVER BAND OF THE ROHNERVILLE

RANCHERIA

PREPARED FOR PUBLIC REVIEW

Prepared by the Office of Emergency Services

Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria • 266 Keisner Road, Loleta, CA 95551

Original Plan Adopted February 18, 2021 (Resolution No. 21-11) • FEMA Region IX Approved March 30,

2022

This update prepared pursuant to 44 CFR § 201.7 and the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000

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PLAN OVERVIEW

Detail

Tribal Jurisdiction

ear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria (BRB), a federally recognized

sovereign Tribal nation

Plan Type

Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan — Five-Year Update (44 CFR § 201.7)

Prior Plan

dopted February 18, 2021 (Resolution No. 21-11); revised October 2021 and

January 2022; FEMA approved March 30, 2022

Planning Period

2026–2031

Point of Contact

Amanda Gonzales, Office of Emergency Services Manager

Plan Support

Nicholas Anderson, Office of Emergency Services Logistics Coordinator

Address

266 Keisner Road, Loleta, CA 95551

Guiding Philosophy

“Healing the land heals the people.”

Community Pillars

Quality of Life • Self-Sufficiency • Sustainability • Cultural Awareness

Disaster History

Plan Status

2026 Tribal THIRA; 2025 SPR; BRB Emergency Operations Plan (July 2025)

EMA-4692-DR (December 20, 2022 M6.4 earthquake); December

earthquake trilogy 2021, 2022, 2024

onsolidated working draft for public review; placeholders marked in red

pending completion

Companion Documents

Item

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

15PLAN OVERVIEW

16TABLE OF CONTENTS

17EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

18PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

.1 Purpose and Background

1.2 Regulatory Basis

1.3 FEMA Mitigation Grant Programs

1.4 Tribal Mitigation Vision and Mission

Mitigation Vision

Mitigation Mission

1.5 The Four Community Pillars

1.6 Plan Goals

1.7 Plan Organization

28PART TWO: PLANNING PROCESS

2.1 Description of the Planning Process

2.2 Public Participation

Hazards Experienced by the Community

Critical Facilities and Infrastructure Priorities

What We Heard: Locations, Suggestions, and Readiness

2.3 Stakeholder and Intergovernmental Coordination

2.4 Integration with THIRA, SPR, and Other Tribal Planning

2.5 Review and Incorporation of Existing Plans, Studies, and Reports

2.6 Government-to-Government Relationship

38PART THREE: COMMUNITY AND LAND PROFILE

3.1 Overview

3.2 History and Connection to Land

The 1860 Coordinated Massacres and Aftermath

The Indian Boarding School Era

The 1958 Termination and the Tillie Hardwick Lawsuit

The Salmon Ceremony — Cultural Restoration and Ecological Stewardship

3.3 Governance

3.4 Tribal Lands

3.5 Population and Vulnerable Populations

3.6 Critical Facilities

3.7 Transportation and Access

3.8 Water Systems and Fire Protection Infrastructure

3.8.1 Tish Non Water System and February 2026 Hydrant Flow Test

3.8.2 Resort Reclaimed Water System

3.9 Public Safety Services

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.9.1 Law Enforcement

3.9.2 Fire Protection

3.10 Emergency Operations and Alerting

3.11 Cultural Resources

58PART FOUR: RISK ASSESSMENT

4.1 Methodology

4.2 Climate Change as a Force Multiplier

4.3 Hazard Summary and Priority Rankings

4.4 Earthquake

Hazard Profile — Type, Location, Extent

Previous Occurrences — The December Trilogy

Probability, Impacts, and Vulnerability

4.5 Pandemic / Public Health Emergency

4.6 Fire and Wildfire

Hazard Profile

Regional Wildfire History

Fire Flow Baseline

4.7 Flooding (Localized and Riverine)

Hazard Profile

4.8 Severe Weather and Climate Change

4.9 Drought and Water Shortage

4.10 Tsunami and Coastal Hazards

4.11 Transportation and Access Hazards

4.12 Cyberattack

4.13 Other Hazards

4.14 Tribal Capability Assessment

4.15 Overall Vulnerability Summary and Loss Estimation

81PART FIVE: MITIGATION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN

5.1 Strategy Framework

5.2 Regulatory Framework

5.3 Status of 2021 THMP Mitigation Actions

5.4 Prioritization Criteria

5.5 Goals and Objectives

5.6 Mitigation Actions — Detail Sheets

Action 5.6.1 — Tribal Fire Program — Phase 1 (Priority 1)

Action 5.6.2 — Bear River Police Department Reinstatement

Action 5.6.3 — Emergency Resilience Campus — Singley Hill Corridor

Action 5.6.4 — Singley Hill Corridor and Secondary Egress Program

Action 5.6.5 — Recreation Center Generator and 30-Day Fuel Capability

Action 5.6.6 — Resort Seismic Assessment (Active HMGP Project)

HMGP - 4692 - Seismic Retrofit and Slope Stabilization Project

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ction 5.6.7 — Mattole Beach Emergency Protocol

Action 5.6.8 — FEMA-4692-DR Public Assistance Contract Execution

5.7 Mitigation Actions 9 through 26

5.8 Master Priority Summary — All 26 Actions

5.9 Funding Strategy

100PART SIX: PLAN MAINTENANCE

101 6.1 Monitoring

102 6.2 Evaluation

103 6.3 Updating

104 6.4 Continued Public Participation

105 6.5 Integration into Other Planning Mechanisms

106 6.6 Project Closeout

107 6.7 Assurances

108APPENDIX A: PLANNING PROCESS DOCUMENTATION

109APPENDIX B: COMMUNITY HAZARD MITIGATION SURVEY

110APPENDIX C: TRIBAL STAKEHOLDER OUTREACH DOCUMENTATION

111APPENDIX D: MITIGATION ACTION COMPLETION REPORT (MACR) TEMPLATE

112APPENDIX E: TRIBAL COUNCIL ADOPTION RESOLUTION

113APPENDIX F: ENERGY EMERGENCY PLAN

114APPENDIX G: PET AND SERVICE ANIMAL EMERGENCY PLAN

115APPENDIX H: SEVERE WEATHER EMPLOYEE TRAINING MODULE

116APPENDIX I: PRE-STORM CULVERT AND DRAINAGE INSPECTION PROTOCOL

117APPENDIX J: FLOODING ENGINEERING DOCUMENTATION

118PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST (INTERNAL — REMOVE BEFORE PUBLIC RELEASE AND

119FEMA SUBMISSION)

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

120

21The Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria (BRB or the Tribe) is a federally recognized

122sovereign Tribal nation located in Humboldt County, California. This Tribal Hazard Mitigation

123Plan (THMP) is the Tribe's five-year update to its original plan, adopted February 18, 2021 and

124approved by FEMA Region IX on March 30, 2022. The plan is prepared pursuant to 44 CFR §

125201.7 and the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, and its approval maintains the Tribe's eligibility for

126FEMA hazard mitigation assistance, including the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)

127and Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC).

28This plan is organized around four community pillars articulated by the Tribe: Quality of Life,

129Self-Sufficiency, Sustainability, and Cultural Awareness, anchored by the guiding philosophy that

130healing the land heals the people. These pillars are not decorative framing — they are the

131substantive organizing logic of the plan. Mitigation priorities reflect Tribal values and institutional

132goals, including workforce development and cultural healing, and not simply hazard frequency

133or severity.

34The period since the 2021 plan has been eventful. On December 20, 2022, a magnitude 6.4

135earthquake struck offshore of Ferndale, causing documented damage across ten Tribal facilities

136and resulting in a Presidential Major Disaster Declaration (FEMA-4692-DR) — the Tribe's first

137direct declaration. December earthquakes in 2021, 2022, and 2024 form a three-event trilogy

138that has elevated seismic risk to the Tribe's highest hazard priority. In February 2026 the Tribe

139conducted its first-ever hydrant flow test of all 16 hydrants on the Tish Non water system per

140NFPA 291. Whitchurch Engineering documented six localized flooding sites in March 2024

141(Project BRB2401), identifying systemic infrastructure maintenance governance failure as the

142root cause, and the Bureau of Reclamation has funded infrastructure improvements under

143Agreement R25AP00342.

44This update identifies ten hazards, presents tribal-specific vulnerability data as primary (with

145regional data as supplemental context, per FEMA's 2022 review guidance), documents the

146status of all 15 mitigation actions from the 2021 plan, and establishes 26 mitigation actions for

147the 2026–2031 cycle. The highest priorities include establishment of a Tribal Fire Program

148(Priority 1 — framed as workforce development, cultural revitalization, and land healing),

149reinstatement of the Bear River Police Department, development of an Emergency Resilience

150Campus on the Singley Hill corridor adjacent to the Rancheria, secondary egress via Bowie

151Road to Echo Lane, and execution of the approved but unspent FEMA Public Assistance

152contract under FEMA-4692-DR.

53This plan is a public document. Operationally sensitive details are maintained in the BRB

154Emergency Operations Plan and are not reproduced here. Members of the Tribal community

155and the public are invited to review this draft and provide comment to the Office of Emergency

156Services before the plan is finalized for Tribal Council adoption and FEMA Region IX

157submission.

158

159 Released for Public Comment on: 8/4/2026

160 Closed for Review on: 9/14/2026

161

162

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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

163

1641.1 Purpose and Background

65The purpose of this Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan is to identify the natural and human-caused

166hazards that threaten the Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria, assess the Tribe's

167vulnerability to those hazards, and establish a prioritized strategy of mitigation actions that

168reduce long-term risk to life, property, the Tribal economy, and cultural resources. Hazard

169mitigation is sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk — it is distinct from

170preparedness, response, and recovery, though it strengthens all three.

1771.2 Regulatory Basis

71This plan is an update to the Tribe's original THMP, adopted by Tribal Council on February 18,

1722021 under Resolution No. 21-11 and approved by FEMA Region IX on March 30, 2022

173following revisions in October 2021 and January 2022. As a plan update, this document

174addresses the additional requirements of 44 CFR § 201.7(d)(3): changes in development,

175progress on prior mitigation actions, and changes in priorities are documented throughout,

176principally in Part Five.

•

isaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), amending the Robert T. Stafford Disaster

Relief and Emergency Assistance Act

44 CFR § 201.7 — Tribal Mitigation Plans, establishing the criteria for FEMA approval of

tribal plans

Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013 (SRIA), which established federally

recognized tribes' authority to request Presidential disaster declarations directly,

affirming the government-to-government relationship

Robert T. Stafford Act §§ 203, 404, and 406 — pre-disaster mitigation, Hazard Mitigation

Grant Program, and Public Assistance mitigation

2 CFR Parts 200 and 3002 — uniform administrative requirements for federal awards

Executive Order 13175 — Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal

Governments

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178This plan is prepared under the following federal authorities:

91As a federally recognized sovereign nation, BRB engages with FEMA on a

192government-to-government basis. This plan is submitted directly to FEMA Region IX and does

193not require state review.

1941.3 FEMA Mitigation Grant Programs

95An approved THMP maintains the Tribe's eligibility for FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance,

196including the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Building Resilient Infrastructure and

197Communities (BRIC), and Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA), as well as mitigation opportunities

198within Public Assistance (PA Categories C–G). The Tribe has a Presidential Major Disaster

199Declaration (FEMA-4692-DR) establishing direct HMGP eligibility, an active HMGP-funded

200seismic assessment project, and an approved PA contract pending execution. BRB is actively

201pursuing both HMGP and BRIC funding opportunities as of the date of this plan update.

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2021.4 Tribal Mitigation Vision and Mission

203Mitigation Vision

04To create a vibrant Tribal community that promotes safety through preventative planning,

205training, and the implementation of strategies designed to avoid or mitigate potential risks to

206Tribal citizens, Rancheria visitors, and Tribal assets — including those on the main Rancheria,

207discontiguous Tribal lands, and ancestral territories where Tribal members gather.

208Mitigation Mission

2131.5 The Four Community Pillars

09To protect the Tribal community and its resources through the establishment of an integrated

210mitigation program that helps BRB prevent and reduce the incidence of injury and damage from

211hazards, assert Tribal authority over public safety on Tribal trust lands, and build long-term

212community resilience consistent with Tribal sovereignty and self-determination.

Pillar

Meaning in This Plan

Quality of Life

rotecting the health, safety, housing, and daily well-being of Tribal citizens,

elders, children, and employees

Self-Sufficiency

uilding Tribal capability to respond to and recover from emergencies without

dependence on outside agencies whose response is delayed or uncertain

Sustainability

Investing in infrastructure, energy, and water systems that endure across

generations and changing climate conditions

rotecting ceremonial sites, cultural practices, language, and the Tribe's

relationship with ancestral lands — recognizing that cultural restoration is itself

mitigation

Cultural Awareness

217

14Every mitigation action in this plan advances one or more of four community pillars established

215by the Tribe. Together with the guiding philosophy that healing the land heals the people, these

216pillars are the organizing logic of the plan:

2181.6 Plan Goals

19Goal 1:Preserve human life at BRB Rancheria and protectthe health, safety, and well-being of

220Tribal citizens, Tribal employees, and visitors to BRB Rancheria and Tribal lands.

21Goal 2:Protect and safeguard BRB property, includingbuildings, water, electrical and other

222utilities, equipment, land, cultural resources, and environmental resources.

23Goal 3:Preserve and protect Tribal government andeconomic enterprises from interruption and

224implement mitigation strategies that reduce the likelihood of long-term disruptions.

2251.7 Plan Organization

226Table 1-1: Plan Organization

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Title

Description

Part One

Introduction

urpose, regulatory basis, grant programs, vision, mission,

and goals

Part Two

Planning Process

lan update process, committee membership, public

participation, and agency coordination

Part Three

Community and Land Profile

ribal history, lands, facilities, population, infrastructure, and

public services

Part Four

Risk Assessment

azard identification, profiling, vulnerability assessment, and

loss estimation

Part Five

itigation Strategy and

Action Plan

oals, objectives, and 26 mitigation actions with responsible

parties and timelines

Part Six

Plan Maintenance

Monitoring, evaluation, and update procedures

227

Part

228Supporting documentation is provided in the following appendices:

•

ppendix A: Planning Process Documentation — meeting notes, sign-in sheets, and

planning timeline

Appendix B: Community Hazard Mitigation Survey — instrument and results

Appendix C: Tribal Stakeholder Outreach Documentation

Appendix D: Mitigation Action Completion Report (MACR) Template

Appendix E: Tribal Council Adoption Resolution

Appendix F: Energy Emergency Plan

Appendix G: Pet and Service Animal Emergency Plan

Appendix H: Severe Weather Employee Training Module

Appendix I: Pre-Storm Culvert and Drainage Inspection Protocol

Appendix J: Flooding Engineering Documentation

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PART TWO: PLANNING PROCESS

241

2422.1 Description of the Planning Process

43To update this THMP, the Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria reconvened its Hazard

244Mitigation Planning Committee and initiated a structured, phased planning process led by

245Amanda Gonzales, Office of Emergency Services Manager, with support from Nicholas

246Anderson, Office of Emergency Services Logistics Coordinator.

252Table 2-1: Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee

Role

Office of Emergency Services

Plan Lead / Coordinator

Tribal Administration

Committee Member

Information Technology

Grants Management

Department

Human Resources

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47The planning process was designed to meet the requirements of 44 CFR § 201.7(b) and (c),

248which require that the process: (1) include an opportunity for neighboring communities, local

249and regional agencies, businesses, and other organizations to be involved; (2) include the

250public; and (3) be conducted in a manner consistent with the government-to-government

251relationship between the Tribe and federal agencies.

Committee Member

Facilities and Maintenance

Committee Member

Finance

Committee Member

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54Meeting notes and sign-in sheets are maintained on file at the BRB Office of Emergency

255Services ; the planning process, partner engagement, and schedule are documented in

256Appendix A.

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2642.2 Public Participation

65As part of the public participation process for this plan update, the Office of Emergency Services

266distributedacommunityhazardsurveytoTribalcitizens,Tribalgovernmentemployees,andresidentsof

267the planning area. Respondents rated their level of concern for eight hazards on a five-point scale,

268identified hazards that have personally affected their households, ranked the community facilities and

269infrastructure they considered most critical to protect, and assessed householdpreparedness,warning

270system effectiveness, and evacuation readiness. Respondents were also invited to identify specific

271hazardous locations and to suggest mitigation actions in their own words. The survey instrument and

272complete response tabulation are provided in Appendix B.

73SurveyparticipationspannedenrolledTribalmemberslivingontrustland,Tribalgovernmentemployees,

274andnon-memberresidentsoftheplanningarea,withtenureintheplanningarearangingfromunderfive

275years to more than twenty. Results wereusedtovalidatethehazardrankingsdevelopedbytheTHMP

276Planning Team and directly informed the prioritization of mitigation actions in Part Five.

277Community Hazard Concerns

Average Concern

Rating (1–5)

Hazard

78Earthquake registered the highest community concern of any hazard, consistent with theTribe'sdirect

279experienceoftheDecemberearthquakesequenceof2021,2022,and2024andthedamagessustained

280acrosstenTribalfacilitiesunderFEMA-4692-DR.Poweroutagerankedsecond—anotableresult,asit

281confirms thatthecommunityexperiencesenergydisruptionasahazardinitsownrightratherthanonly

282as a secondary effect, and it directly supports the priority placed on the Energy Emergency Plan

283(AppendixF)andbackuppoweractionsinPartFive.Severeweatherandlandslide/erosionrankedthird

284atequivalentlevels;elevatedconcernforlandslideanderosionalignswiththeslopeandbankinstability

285documented in the Whitchurch Engineering assessment (BRB2401). Concern for droughtandextreme

286heat was comparatively low, consistent with the Rancheria's coastal climate.

Typical Response

Range

Rank

3.7

Very / Extremely

Power Outage

3.2

Moderately / Very

evere Weather (Thunderstorms,

High Winds, Hail)

3.0

Moderately

3 (tie)

Landslide / Erosion

3.0

Moderately

3 (tie)

Wildfire

2.8

Moderately

Flooding

2.4

Slightly / Moderately

Drought / Water Shortage

1.8

Slightly

7 (tie)

Extreme Heat

1.8

Slightly

7 (tie)

Earthquake

87 Table 2-2. Community hazard concern ratings. Averages reflect all responses received for each

288

hazard; not every respondent rated every hazard.

289Hazards Experienced by the Community

90Respondentswereaskedwhichhazardshadpersonallyaffectedtheirhouseholdorpropertyinthepast,

291including loss of utilities, property damage, or evacuation. Earthquakes accounted for nearlyhalfofall

292reportedimpacts—everyhazardexperienceprofilebutoneincludedit—reinforcingitspositionasthe

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93Tribe'sdefininghazard.Reportedimpactsfromsevereweather,flooding,anddrought/waterissueswere

294distributed evenly behind it. No respondent reported a past wildfire impact, consistent with wildfire's

295moderateconcernrating;wildfirenonethelessremainsfullyprofiledinPartFourgivenregionalfirehistory

296and the fuels conditions documented in the risk assessment.

Hazard

Reported Past Impacts

45%

Severe Weather (Wind / Storms)

18%

Flooding

18%

Drought / Water Issues

18%

Earthquake

Wildfire

97 T

able 2-3. Hazards reported by respondents as having personally affected their household or

298 property, as a share of all reported impacts; respondents could select more than one hazard.

299Critical Facilities and Infrastructure Priorities

Facility / Infrastructure

Rank

Water / Wastewater Treatment Plants

22%

Power Lines / Power Distribution

19%

Major Roadways / Bridges

15%

3 (tie)

Daycare / Youth Development Center

15%

3 (tie)

Tribal Administrative Offices

5 (tie)

Social Services Offices

5 (tie)

Essential Businesses

5 (tie)

Cultural / Historical Sites

8 (tie)

Gaming Offices

8 (tie)

Share of Selections

00Asked which community buildings and infrastructure are most critical to protectduringahazardevent,

301respondentsconvergedstronglyonlifelinesystems:waterandwastewatertreatment,powerdistribution,

302andmajorroadwaysandbridgestogetheraccountedforoverhalfofallselections,withwater/wastewater

303treatment appearing in every respondent's priorities. The Daycare/Youth Development Center ranked

304alongside roadways — a clear community statement that protectionofchildrenandyouthfacilitiesisa

305first-orderpriority.Theseresultsreinforcetheinfrastructurefocusofthemitigationstrategyandalignwith

306the lifeline vulnerabilities identified in the FY 2025 Stakeholder Preparedness Review.

07Table 2-4. Community facilities and infrastructure identified as most critical to protect, as a share

308

of all selections.

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310

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311What We Heard: Locations, Suggestions, and Readiness

12The open-ended responses provided some of the most actionable input in the survey. Respondents

313identified specific hazardous locations: mature bull pine trees along Singley Hill Road across fromthe

314casino that shed large limbs in high winds; U.S. Highway 101 at Beatrice Hill; Fernbridge as a

315flood-vulnerablecrossing;andthesingle-access,one-way-in/one-way-outconfigurationofportionsofthe

316Rancheria.TheaccessconcerndirectlycorroboratesthesecondaryegressrouteactioninPartFive,and

317the tree hazard reports support the vegetation management actions in the mitigation strategy.

18Respondent suggestions for mitigation actions included tree-topping on Tribal home sites (with one

319respondent specifically proposing pursuit of Stafford Act Section 404 HazardMitigationGrantProgram

320funding); backup power, water, and connectivity for critical functions; department-level and household

321emergency plans and kits; designated protective location zones for use during disasters; sheltering

322capacity with food, power, heat, and water for displaced persons; and an annual full-scale community

323exercise pairedwithfieldmedicaltrainingandcertification,reflectingtheextendedemergencyresponse

324timescharacteristicofruralcommunities.EachofthesesuggestionswasreviewedbythePlanningTeam

325and is reflected in, or informed the prioritization of, the mitigation actions in Part Five.

26On community readiness: most respondents rated the Tribe's warning systems(RAVEalerts,text,and

327email)aseffectiveorveryeffectiveinreachingthemduringemergencies,withonerespondentreporting

328thesystemsdonotreachthemeffectively—aresultthatsupportscontinuedenrollmentoutreachunder

329the severe weather training program (Appendix H). Household preparedness self-ratings averagedthe

330midpoint of the scale, indicating meaningful room for improvement in household-level readiness.

331Estimatedhouseholdevacuationtimesdividedevenlybetweenunderthirtyminutesandthirtyminutesto

332one hour. Text alerts and email were the most commonchannelsforreceivingemergencyinformation,

333followed by word of mouth and social media. Every respondent expressed willingness or conditional

334willingness to participate in future preparedness and mitigation training — a strong mandate for the

335training and exercise actions in Part Five.

36Figure 2-1: Average community concern rating by hazard, 2026 Community Hazard Mitigation Survey

337(five-point scale; see Appendix B for survey instrument and full results).

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3382.3 Stakeholder and Intergovernmental Coordination

39Stakeholder coordination for this update ran through the integrated 2025–2026 Tribal

340emergency planning sequence. Development of the BRB Emergency Operations Plan (July

3412025) directly engaged regional emergency management entities—including the Humboldt

342County Office of Emergency Services, Loleta Fire Department, CAL FIRE / Fortuna Emergency

343Command Center, and adjacent Tribal nations. Collaborative input from these regional

344stakeholders is integrated across this THMP, alongside capability assessments from the 2025

345SPR and 2026 THIRA. In addition, each government and agency listed below was notified of

346this draft’s availability and invited to comment during the public review period (August 4 –

347September 4, 2026).

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eighboring Tribal Nations— Wiyot Tribe, Blue LakeRancheria, Cher-Ae Heights

Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria, Yurok Tribe, Hoopa Valley Tribe, and Karuk

Tribe; regional intertribal cooperation concerning shared hazards and mutual assistance.

Humboldt County Office of Emergency Services— coordinationfor the operational

area, alerting systems, and mass care strategy; active EOP planning contributor.

Loleta Fire Department— structural fire protectionand current JHA; subject of

formalization and sovereignty documentation under Action 5.6.19.

CAL FIRE / Fortuna Emergency Command Center— regionalemergency dispatch

and command services; participant in the Tribal EOP cycle.

Bureau of Indian Affairs— standing coordination regardingfederal trust duties and

wildland fire protection on trust lands (Federal Responsibility Area).

Whitchurch Engineering, Inc.— flooding infrastructureengineering and site-specific

assessments under Project BRB2401.

Bureau of Reclamation— active infrastructure partnershipestablished via Agreement

No. R25AP00342.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers— study and technicalassistance project focused on

the Mattole Beach area and the Salmon Ceremony; produced the mapping series used

throughout this plan; two-day site visit May 6–7, 2026.

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48The Tribe maintains coordination relationships with the following governments and partner

349agencies:

3682.4 Integration with THIRA, SPR, and Other Tribal Planning

69This THMP is one of three integrated documents in the Tribe's federal emergency planning

370framework. The 2026 Tribal Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA)

371establishes capability targets across standardized scenarios; the 2025 Stakeholder

372Preparedness Review (SPR) measures current capability against those targets and identifies

373gaps; and this THMP establishes the mitigation actions that close them. Capability gaps

374identified in the SPR are cited directly in the mitigation action sheets in Part Five. The plan is

375also integrated with the BRB Emergency Operations Plan (July 2025), which contains

376operational detail intentionally excluded from this public document.

3772.5 Review and Incorporation of Existing Plans, Studies, and Reports

378The following documents were reviewed and incorporated into this update:

380

381

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RB Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan (2021, FEMA approved 2022) and FEMA Region IX

Plan Review Tool (March 30, 2022) — all Opportunities for Improvement from FEMA's

review are addressed in this update

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383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

•

026 BRB THIRA and 2025 BRB SPR executive summaries

BRB Emergency Operations Plan (July 2025)

Whitchurch Engineering Scoping Letter, Project No. BRB2401 (March 7, 2024) —

six-site flooding assessment

Bureau of Reclamation Agreement No. R25AP00342

FEMA-4692-DR Public Assistance damage documentation (ten facilities)

BRB Hydrant Flow Test Report (February 2026, NFPA 291)

County of Humboldt Hazard Mitigation Plan and CAL FIRE Fire Hazard Severity Zone

mapping (as supplemental regional context)

3912.6 Government-to-Government Relationship

92Consistent with the Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013 and Executive Order 13175,

393BRB engages FEMA directly as a sovereign government. The Tribe's December 2022

394Presidential Major Disaster Declaration (FEMA-4692-DR) was received directly, and this plan

395will be submitted directly to FEMA Region IX for review and approval. This plan asserts and

396documents Tribal jurisdictional authority over public safety on Tribal trust lands.

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

398

397

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

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PART THREE: COMMUNITY AND LAND PROFILE

419

420

22This section provides a

423comprehensive profile of

424the Bear River Band of

425the Rohnerville

426Rancheria, including its

427history, governance,

428demographics, land

429holdings, critical

430facilities, infrastructure,

431and public services.

432This information forms

433the foundation for the

434risk assessment in Part

435Four and for the

436mitigation actions in Part

437Five.

4213.1 Overview

38Understanding the

439community profile in the

440context of BRB's history

441is essential to

442understanding why

443current vulnerabilities

444exist. The Tribe's history

445of dispossession,

446termination, and

447restoration is not

448background information

449— it is direct causal

450context for the

451infrastructure gaps,

452dispersed population,

453and institutional capacity

454constraints that define

455BRB's current hazard

456vulnerability.

458

459

460

461

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4623.2 History and Connection to Land

63The Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria is a federation of Wiyot and Eel River, Bear

464River, and Mattole peoples whose ancestors have inhabited what is now Humboldt County since

465time immemorial. These peoples maintained — and continue to maintain — deep cultural,

466spiritual, and ecological relationships with the rivers, forests, coastline, and lands of the region.

467The Mattole River watershed, the Humboldt coast, and the territory surrounding the Eel River

468are not simply geographic references in this plan; they are ancestral homelands central to Tribal

469identity, ceremony, and the well-being of Tribal members today. The Tribe's present

470demographic profile, geographic dispersal, and hazard vulnerabilities are direct consequences

471of documented historical policies of violence, displacement, and cultural suppression. This

472history is not background context. It is the foundation of this plan.

473The 1860 Coordinated Massacres and Aftermath

74Following the 1849 Gold Rush, settlers flooded the Humboldt Bay, Eel River, and Bear River

475basins, seizing hunting grounds and converting indigenous lands into private ranches. On

476February 26, 1860, a secret committee of settlers launched coordinated, simultaneous attacks

477on Native villages at Table Bluff, Eel River, Bear River, and the Mattole Valley. The Indian Island

478(Duluwat Island) massacre killed an estimated 80 to 250 Wiyot people — primarily women,

479children, and elders — during a traditional World Renewal Ceremony. Survivors were marched

480to Fort Humboldt, where nearly half died from starvation and disease. Approximately 450

481survivors were forcibly marched to the Klamath River Reservation; when that reservation was

482destroyed in the 1861–1862 floods, returning refugees were hunted and forcibly relocated to

483Hoopa Valley, Smith River, and Round Valley. The Wiyot population, estimated at 1,500 to 2,000

484in 1850, numbered only 100 by the 1900 U.S. Census.

485The Indian Boarding School Era

86From the late 1800s through the 1970s, the U.S. government institutionalized regional children

487at facilities including the Hoopa Valley Boarding School, the Round Valley Indian School, the

488Sherman Institute in Riverside, and the Chemawa Indian School in Salem, Oregon — hundreds

489of miles from their families. The boarding school era directly caused the loss of fluent Wiyot and

490Mattole language speakers and disrupted intergenerational cultural transmission. The forced

491separation of children from their families created patterns of dispersal and institutional

492involvement that continue to affect the Tribal community today, including the contemporary

493foster care vulnerability addressed in this plan. The Bear River Band dedicates substantial

494resources to cultural revitalization, Tribal language programs, and mental health initiatives to

495address these intergenerational impacts, including through the BIA Living Languages Grant

496Program.

497The 1958 Termination and the Tillie Hardwick Lawsuit

98In the 1950s, the U.S. government enacted the Termination Era policy, aiming to forcibly

499assimilate Native Americans by dissolving their tribal status. Under the California Rancheria Act

500of 1958, the government terminated 41 California Rancherias including the Rohnerville

501Rancheria. Tribal communal lands were converted into private parcels subject to state taxation,

502causing many impoverished families to lose their properties. Tribal members were stripped of

503their legal recognition as Indians and rendered ineligible for federal health, education, and

504housing services. Critically, the BIA terminated the Tribe without fulfilling mandatory promises to

505upgrade infrastructure, water systems, and roads — a failure that contributed to the

506infrastructure deficiencies that persist on the Rancheria today.

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07In 1979, Tillie Hardwick led a class-action lawsuit against the United States on behalf of 17

508terminated rancherias, arguing that the BIA had unlawfully terminated the tribes without meeting

509its infrastructure obligations. On July 19, 1983, the court approved a judgment restoring federal

510recognition to the Bear River Band, restoring Tribal sovereignty, re-establishing individual Tribal

511member rights to federal services, and enabling the rebuilding of the Tribal land base. The initial

51260 acres of what is referred to as “the Old Rancheria” in Rohnerville - Fortuna CA, were

513acquired in 1991 and taken into trust in 1994. An additional 113 acres were acquired in 2007

514through the Fearrien Property transfer. Subsequent acquisitions have expanded the main

515Rancheria to approximately 263 acres as of 2026, in Loleta CA.

516The Salmon Ceremony — Cultural Restoration and Ecological Stewardship

17The Bear River and Mattole peoples traditionally performed a Salmon Return Ceremony at the

518mouth of the Mattole River — a sacred practice marking the return of salmon and maintaining

519the spiritual and ecological relationship between the people and the watershed. The ceremony

520was last fully performed around 1902–1903, before forced displacement made physical access

521to the Mattole River estuary impossible, and its formal cultural framework dissolved in 1958

522when termination destroyed the structural support needed to coordinate intergenerational

523gatherings.

5323.3 Governance

24The ceremony remained dormant for over a century. Beginning approximately 2020, the Bear

525River Band partnered with local conservationists from the Lost Coast League and the Mattole

526Salmon Group to revitalize the ceremony, with community members welcoming Bear River

527members back to the Mattole Beach area. The revived Salmon Ceremony is one of the most

528significant cultural restoration efforts in modern BRB history. When this plan documents tsunami

529and coastal risk at Mattole Beach, it is documenting risk to an irreplaceable cultural practice that

530took 120 years to restore — which is why Mattole Beach protective actions carry weight in this

531plan disproportionate to event frequency.

33BRB is governed by an elected Tribal Council. Tribal government departments include

534Administration, Education, Office of Emergency Services, Public Works and Facilities, Housing,

535Social Services, Renewable Energy Department, Environmental and Natural Resources, Grants

536Management, Finance, Human Resources, Information Technology, and cultural and language

537programs. The Tribe's principal economic enterprise is the Bear River Casino Resort, whose

538revenue funds Tribal government services — a structural fact reflected in the fuel rationing

539hierarchy and continuity priorities in this plan.

540

541

542

544

545

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5463.4 Tribal Lands

567

568

569

570

571

572

573

574

575

576

566

47The Tribal planning area consists of the main Rancheria of approximately 263 acres near

548Loleta, together with discontiguous Tribal lands including parcels in the Singley Hill corridor

549adjacent to the Rancheria, the Petrolia area parcel, and ancestral gathering areas including

550Mattole Beach where Tribal members regularly gather for ceremony which approximately 1.5

551hours drive over

552narrow, often

553single lane roads.

554Lands are held in a

555combination of

556federal trust and

557Tribal fee status,

558with active efforts

559to move additional

560fee parcels into

561trust. All figures in

562this plan label the

563planning area as

564the Rancheria

565Boundary.

577

578

579

580

581

582

583

584

586

PLACEHOLDER: Insert current parcel inventory table with acreage and trust/fee

▶

status for each parcel — Request sent to ENR 7/27/26

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5873.5 Population and Vulnerable Populations

88The Rancheria is home to a small, close-knit community on California's North Coast (Census

589geography: Rohnerville (Rancheria) Trust Lands, CA; GEOID 2500000US3220). The Tribal

590government sustains housing, social services, child care, health programs, and emergency

591services, and operates one of the region's largest private employers.

92The Tribal community extends well beyond the Rancheria boundary. On-Rancheria residential

593population is concentrated in Tish Non Village, Basayo Village, and Bear Paws Lane, in

594neighborhoods that include multigenerational households, elders, and young children, with

595additional daily population at the Tribal Day Care, across the government campus, and among

596the workforce and visitors at the Bear River Casino Resort. Tribal citizens also live dispersed

597throughout Humboldt County — including Arcata, McKinleyville, and coastal tsunami hazard

598zones — and across the continental United States. This dispersal is not a neutral demographic

599fact: it is a direct legacy of the dispossession, termination, and displacement policies

600documented in Section 3.2, and the Tribe accordingly treats reaching and protecting its

601dispersed citizens as a matter of sovereignty and justice, not merely logistics.

02Populations requiring specific planning consideration include: elders, including residents of elder

603housing; households with access and functional needs (AFN); children in foster care

604placements — a contemporary echo of the boarding school era, addressed in this plan through

605a foster care emergency protocol; limited English proficiency (LEP) employees and community

606members, a consideration reflected in the Tribe's alert and warning and workplace emergency

607communication practices; residents of Bear Paws Lane (seven remaining units in an area facing

608access constraints, with conversion and displacement planning underway); and day care and

609youth program enrollees.

10The community meets federal definitions of a disadvantaged population. The Rancheria and

611surrounding area are identified as disadvantaged under the federal Climate and Economic

612Justice Screening Tool, and the community experiences elevated social vulnerability across the

613indicators most relevant to disaster outcomes: income constraints, housing concentration,

614limited egress, and dependence on a small number of critical facilities. These conditions are not

615incidental — they are the direct legacy of the policies documented in Section 3.2, which stripped

616the Tribe of its land base and economic foundation for over a century. Mitigation investment on

617the Rancheria therefore carries disproportionate protective value: a single hardened facility,

618secured egress route, or resilient utility connection protects a far greater share of this

619community than the same investment would elsewhere. This is the practical meaning of the

620Tribe's guiding principle that healing the land heals the people.

21Specific population figures, facility occupancies, and functional and access needs registries are

622maintained by the responsible Tribal departments and in the BRB Emergency Operations Plan

623(July 2025), consistent with this plan's practice of retaining operationally sensitive detail outside

624the public document.

625

626

628

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6293.6 Critical Facilities

630Table 3-1: Critical Tribal Facilities

Hazard Notes

ribal Administration

Office/Tish Non Community

Center

ontinuity of government,

Community services; gathering

R-4692-DR documented damage;

sprinklered

Recreation Center

esignated emergency shelter

(County MOU); animal

sheltering ballfields

R-4692-DR damage; generator and

30-day fuel identified as Priority action;

no-stake astroturf restriction during

Emergency use on Field

ear River Casino Resort

(incl. hotel tower)

rimary economic enterprise;

large assembly, non

congregate shelter -

warming/cooling/clean air

ulti-story; no ladder apparatus in

first-due area; reclaimed water fire system

uncharacterized; active HMGP seismic

assessment

The Venue / The Epicenter

Large-assembly event venues

ssembly occupancy; fire response gaps

apply

ater Treatment Facility /

Tish Non water system

Potable water

R-4692-DR damage; single tank; ~45

min sustained fire flow

astewater Treatment Plant

(upgraded)

astewater; reclaimed water

source

yberattack (SCADA) exposure identified

in THIRA

Pump and Play fuel station

Tribal fuel supply

riority resupply agreement identified as

mitigation action

Elders Village / Apartments

lder and vulnerable resident

housing

Served by hydrant H-10 (retest pending)

Basayo Village

Residential

Population figure pending

outh Development Center /

Day Care

Children's services

eunification planning with school

districts

lectronic notification sign -

Deployable

Public alerting

ompleted"Pandemic Mitigation Action

#2 - FY21 THMP”

Function

PLACEHOLDER: Update total insured replacement value of Tribal assets with current figures. Request

▶

sent to TA 7/26/26

631

Facility

633

634

635

636

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637

6383.7 Transportation and Access

668

669

39The main Rancheria is served by a single primary ingress/egress route via the Singley Hill

640corridor connecting to US-101. This single-access condition is among the Tribe's most

641consequential structural

642vulnerabilities: any event

643that blocks the route —

644collision, slide, flooding,

645wildfire, or seismic damage

646— isolates the entire

647community. The Singley Hill /

648US-101 corridor is a

649documented fatality corridor,

650with five or more fatalities

651per year in recent years. A

652secondary egress route from

653Bowie Road to Echo Lane

654has been identified and is

655developed as Mitigation

656Action 5.6.22; preliminary

657review indicates CEQA and

658Clean Water Act Section 404

659requirements given the

660sloped, vegetated, and

661seasonally wet terrain, with a

662drainage culvert passing

663beneath the highway. Bear

664Paws Lane presents its own

665access constraints for its

666seven remaining residential

667units

670

671

672

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673

6743.8 Water Systems and Fire Protection Infrastructure

6753.8.1 Tish Non Water System and February 2026 Hydrant Flow Test

76In February 2026, the Tribe conducted its first-ever hydrant flow test of the Tish Non water

677system. Testing was conducted on 16 hydrants per NFPA 291 standards using a calibrated

678hydrant diffuser and single-hydrant methodology (one hydrant flowing, one capped with pitot

679gauge). All 16 hydrants were confirmed operational following corrections made during the

680testing process. Two hydrants — H-10 (Apartments area) and H-15 (265 Kiesner Road Parking

681Lot) — required maintenance corrections and are pending flow-rate confirmation retesting; both

682are confirmed flowing water.

683Table 3-2: Hydrant Flow Test Summary — Tish Non Side (February 2026)

Location

Test Flow (GPM)

Fire Flow @ 20 PSI

Status

H-1

Top of Carroll

1,179

1,236

H-2

65 Carroll Rd

1,468

2,619

H-3

258 Carroll Rd

1,264

1,426

H-4

323 Carroll Rd

1,382

2,843

H-5

235 Bernard Rd

1,444

4,337

H-6

325 Bernard Rd

1,444

3,443

H-7

Bernard/Bowie Rd

1,444

2,662

H-8

189 Bowie Rd

1,444

1,970

OK — threads tightened

H-9

End of Bowie

1,291

1,677

H-10

Apartments

—

OK pending GPM

Bernard/Keisner Rd

1,222

2,342

260 Kiesner Rd

1,179

1,733

263 Kiesner Rd

1,236

1,677

265 Kiesner Rd Roadway

1,236

7,107

H-15

265 Kiesner Rd Parking Lot

—

OK pending GPM

H-16

120 Bowie Rd (ENR)

1,318

1,846

H-12

H-13

H-14

H-11

Hydrant

685

686

ource: BRB Office of Emergency Services Hydrant Test Report, February 2026. Prepared by

Amanda Gonzales, OES Manager. Testing conducted per NFPA 291. Flow values represent

single-hydrant test conditions.

87Water system tank capacity testing conducted concurrent with hydrant testing indicated

688approximately 45 minutes of sustained flow time before significant tank depletion, with the tank

689level dropping from approximately ⅓ capacity during the test period. No backup water source

690has been identified for the Tish Non water system. Most major Tribal facilities, including the

691Community Center and residential buildings, are equipped with fire sprinkler systems, which

692reduce required suppression flow demand under normal conditions. Simultaneous multi-hydrant

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93demand — which a major fire event would require — remains untested and could reveal

694pressure drop across the system.

6953.8.2 Resort Reclaimed Water System

96The Bear River Casino Resort and associated Resort enterprises are served by a separate

697reclaimed water system drawing from the upgraded WWTP. The specifications, storage

698capacity, and fire flow characteristics of the Resort water system have not been formally

699assessed as of the date of this plan. This is the Tribe's primary economic asset and operates on

700a fire suppression water system that has not been characterized is itself a finding of this plan,

701addressed as Mitigation Action 5.6.11.

PLACEHOLDER: Obtain WWTP reclaimed water system specifications (storage

▶

capacity, pump ratings, distribution pressure, Resort-side hydrant locations) from

Public Works and Resort Facilities Management. Insert WWTP upgraded treatment

capacity in GPD.

7063.9 Public Safety Services

7073.9.1 Law Enforcement

703

704

705

714

08The Bear River Police Department is not currently active. Reinstatement of the department is a

709Priority mitigation action (5.6.2), supported by the 2025 SPR which documents

710law-enforcement-dependent capabilities at approximately 20 percent of target. Law enforcement

711response currently depends on the Humboldt County Sheriff, with response times and

712jurisdictional complexity on trust lands documented in Part Four.

PLACEHOLDER: Confirm whether PD dissolution occurred by Council action or

▶

administratively — Tribal Administration/Council

7153.9.2 Fire Protection

16Structural fire protection is provided by the Loleta Fire Department, a volunteer department that

717holds jurisdictional fire authority (JHA) for the Rancheria area without formal documented

718agreement with the Tribe. Dispatch is provided through the Fortuna Emergency Command

719Center, managed by CAL FIRE. Formalizing the JHA relationship, pursuing supplemental

720coverage for large-assembly venues, and — centrally — establishing a Tribal Fire Program

721(Action 5.6.1, Priority 1) address these gaps.

7223.10 Emergency Operations and Alerting

23The Tribe does not currently have a dedicated Emergency Operations Center; EOC functions

724have operated on an ad hoc, multi-use basis from shared facilities, a model documented in this

725update as unsustainable. The Emergency Resilience Campus (Action 5.6.3), planned for Tribal

726land adjacent to the Rancheria on the Singley Hill corridor, is the foundational response to this

727gap, with near-term secure connex-box supply storage (Action 5.6.3a) as a 90-day interim

728measure. Public alerting is provided through RAVE Mobile enrollment and the electronic

729notification sign at the Tish Non Village entrance (completed 2021 action). Alerting reach, LEP

730notification capability, and enrollment rates are addressed in Part Five.

7313.11 Cultural Resources

32Cultural resources requiring protection in this plan include the Mattole Beach ceremonial

733gathering area and the revived Salmon Ceremony; Tribal language programs; cultural and

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34ceremonial materials and regalia; and ancestral and archaeological sites within Tribal lands and

735ancestral territory. Protection of cultural practice is treated in this plan as a mitigation outcome in

736its own right under the Cultural Awareness pillar.

737

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PART FOUR: RISK ASSESSMENT

738

7394.1 Methodology

40This risk assessment identifies the hazards that can affect the Tribal planning area; describes

741the type, location, and extent of each hazard; documents previous occurrences and the

742probability of future events, including the effects of long-term changes in weather patterns; and

743assesses impacts and vulnerability. Consistent with FEMA Region IX's 2022 review guidance,

744tribal-specific data is presented as primary throughout this Part, with Humboldt County regional

745data as supplemental context.

7464.2 Climate Change as a Force Multiplier

47Climate change is addressed in this plan not as a standalone hazard but as a force multiplier

748that increases the probability, intensity, or consequence of nearly every profiled hazard: more

749intense atmospheric river events driving flooding and severe weather; extended drought cycles

750stressing the well-dependent water supply and salmon habitat; elevated wildfire conditions; sea

751level rise and king tide interaction affecting coastal and low-lying areas; and increased

752frequency of utility Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS) events.

753PSPS Risk Designation and Utility Outage History

54The Rancheria is not located within a CPUC High Fire-Threat District Tier 2 (Elevated) or Tier 3

755(Extreme) area; local weather conditions at the Rancheria do not independently trigger Public

756Safety Power Shutoff events. The Tribe's PSPS exposure is instead transmission-driven:

757electricity reaches Humboldt County via transmission corridors along Highways 299 and 36 that

758traverse high fire-threat terrain, and de-energization of those lines can interrupt power

759countywide regardless of coastal conditions. This occurred twice in October 2019 (October 8–10

760and October 26–29), when countywide PSPS events left the Rancheria and approximately

76130,000 Humboldt County customers without power. In 2020, PG&E completed reconfiguration of

762the Humboldt Bay Generating Station to operate in "island mode," energizing portions of the

763county — including the Fortuna district serving the Rancheria — independently of the wider grid

764during transmission-level events. No PSPS de-energization has affected the Rancheria since

765the October 2019 events.

66Source: CPUC High Fire-Threat District Map, adopted January 19, 2018, pursuant to D.17-12-024

767(revised March 2021); verified July 2026. The Rancheria is not located within an HFTD Tier 2 (Elevated)

768or Tier 3 (Extreme) fire-threat area.

69PG&E outage records for the Eel River 1102 distribution circuit serving the Rancheria (January

7702022 – June 2026) document 11 sustained unplanned outages totaling approximately 4,109

771minutes (68.5 hours), none attributable to PSPS:

Date

Cause

Duration (min)

Customers Affected

1/3/2022

Third party

1,128

1,619

6/4/2022

Vegetation (transmission)

1,623

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nvironmental — M6.4 earthquake

(FEMA-4692-DR)

2,002

1,455

1/4/2023

Vegetation

146

1,530

3/27/2023

Vegetation

109

1,623

3/24/2024

Third party

1,631

12/5/2024

Environmental/external

222

1,591

12/13/2024

Equipment failure

1,577

1/4/2025

Vegetation

8/5/2025

Equipment failure

6/25/2026

Animal

12/2/2022

199

1,635

1,624

151

1,627

72The December 20, 2022 transmission-level outage began at 2:34 a.m., coinciding with the M6.4

773Ferndale earthquake mainshock, and lasted approximately 33 hours — the longest interruption

774in the record and a direct illustration of the earthquake–energy infrastructure cascade

775addressed in the Energy Emergency Plan (Appendix F). Vegetation contact is the leading

776recurring cause (4 of 11 events), consistent with the mitigation emphasis on vegetation

777management and utility coordination.

778Current Drought Status (U.S. Drought Monitor, July 2026)

79As of July 2026, the Rancheria lies within the D0 (Abnormally Dry) classification on the U.S.

780Drought Monitor. Approximately 34.9 percent of Humboldt County's population (46,935 people)

781is within a designated drought area, with D1 (Moderate Drought) conditions present in the

782county's northern coastal zone. January–June 2026 ranked as the 15th driest year-to-date

783period in 132 years of record, 14.07 inches below normal precipitation — underscoring that

784near-normal individual months (June 2026 ranked 49th wettest) can mask significant cumulative

785deficit.

86Source: U.S. Drought Monitor (National Drought Mitigation Center, USDA, and NOAA), Humboldt County

787conditions via drought.gov; precipitation rankings from NOAA National Centers for Environmental

788Information. Data as of July 2026.

7894.3 Hazard Summary and Priority Rankings

790Table 4-1: BRB Hazard Priority Rankings — 2026 Update

Priority

Hazard

Probability

Impact

Declared

Change from 2021

Earthquake

High

igh —

documented DR

es —

levated: three-event

FEMA-4692- December trilogy; direct

declaration

andemic /

Public Health

Moderate

igh — full

closure

ederal/Stat

e COVID

ustained: COVID-19

impacts fully documented

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Hazard

Probability

Impact

Declared

Change from 2021

Fire / Wildfire

High

igh —

compounding

gaps

levated: significant new

vulnerabilities identified

looding

(Localized)

Moderate-High

oderate —

active failure

o (BOR

active)

levated: Whitchurch

engineering; six sites

documented

limate Change /

Severe Weather

igh

(increasing)

Moderate-High

ustained: atmospheric

river impacts

documented

rought / Water

Shortage

Moderate

ustained: no current

impacts; well-only

dependency

Tsunami

ow-Moderate

(Mattole

Beach)

High if occurs

ew: Mattole Beach;

December 2024 tsunami

alert

ransportation /

Access

High — daily

igh — 5+

fatalities/year

ew: documented fatality

corridor; single access

route

Cyberattack

Moderate

igh — $3.65M

exposure

ew: THIRA

ransomware scenario;

WWTP at risk

Other Hazards

Low

Low-Moderate

Sustained

793

794

796

797

792

791

Priority

798

799

801

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8024.4 Earthquake

803Hazard Profile — Type, Location, Extent

04The Rancheria lies within one of the most seismically active regions in the continental United

805States, near the Mendocino Triple Junction where the Cascadia Subduction Zone, San Andreas

806system, and Mendocino Fault meet. The planning area is subject to strong ground shaking,

807liquefaction in susceptible soils, landslide triggering, and — for a Cascadia event — near-field

808tsunami affecting coastal areas where Tribal members live and gather. Extent is characterized

809using moment magnitude and the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale; the December 20,

8102022 event produced strong to very strong shaking (MMI VII range) in the Rancheria area.

811Table 4-2: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (abridged)

Shaking

Typical Effects

Light

Felt indoors by many; windows and dishes rattle

Moderate

Felt by nearly all; some dishes and windows broken

Strong

Felt by all; some heavy furniture moved; slight damage

VII

Very strong

Considerable damage in poorly built structures; slight-to-moderate in well-built

VIII

Severe

IX+

Violent+

MMI

Considerable damage in ordinary buildings; partial collapse

Significant damage even in well-designed structures

812

813Previous Occurrences — The December Trilogy

14The Tribe has experienced three significant December earthquakes in four years: December

8152021, December 20, 2022, and December 2024. The December 20, 2022 magnitude 6.4

816earthquake offshore of Ferndale caused documented damage across ten Tribal facilities —

817including the Tish Non Community Center, Recreation Center (the designated emergency

818shelter), Water Treatment Facility, and Resort facilities — and resulted in the Tribe's direct

819Presidential Major Disaster Declaration, FEMA-4692-DR. The December 2024 event

820additionally generated a tsunami alert affecting coastal areas where Tribal members live and

821gather.

822Table 4-3: FEMA-4692-DR Public Assistance Project Worksheets — Confirmed Facility Damages

Facility

FEMA Project No. F EMA-Approved Damage

Estimate ($)

Parking Lot / RTW

714344

12,590.14

Water Treatment Facility

714343

13,287.42

Social Services Building

714426

31,660.86

Recreation Center (REC)

714425

11,572.37

Tobacco Traders

714434

15,000.00

Pump & Play

714433

20,343.03

Family Engagement Center (FEC)

714430

17,269.21

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Gaming Office

714432

60,815.56

Tish Non Community Center

714429

70,703.19

Bear River Casino Resort

714342

323,842.95

S ubtotal — Facility Damages (PW

1–10)

ategory Z — Direct Administrative

Costs

577,084.73

826161

Total — FEMA-Approved Estimates

40,668.10

617,752.83

827

828

830The December 20, 2022 M6.4

831earthquake resulted in the Tribe’s

832first Presidential disaster

833declaration, FEMA-4692-DR.

834Confirmed damages were

835documented across ten Tribal

836facilities through the FEMA Public

837Assistance program, with

838FEMA-approved estimates totaling

839$577,084.73 in facility damages

840and $617,752.83 including direct

841administrative costs (Table 4-3).

842Damages ranged from parking and

843site infrastructure to the Water

844Treatment Facility, Tish Non

845Community Center, and the Bear

846River Casino Resort — the facility

847whose revenues sustain Tribal

848government operations —

849demonstrating that even moderate

850structural damage distributed

851across the government campus

852carries compounding operational

853and economic consequences for

854the Tribe.

23Source: FEMA-4692-DR Public Assistance grant files, Bear River Band OES / Grants Administration. Amounts reflect

824FEMA-approved damage estimates; project period of performance extends through March 8, 2027. An additional completed

825Project Worksheet (Basayo Apartments, $3,888.00) has been closed out. Cost-share detail is maintained in the Tribe’s Public

826Assistance grant records.

855

856

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857

858

robability, Impacts, and

Vulnerability

862

863

864

865

866

867

868

869

870

871

872

873

874

875

876

877

878

879

880

881

882

robability of damaging seismic

events is high; a full-margin

Cascadia Subduction Zone

rupture is the region's

catastrophic planning scenario.

Tribal vulnerability includes

unreinforced and pre-code

structures identified for

assessment under the active

HMGP-funded seismic

assessment project, the

multi-story Resort hotel tower

(assessment in progress), water

system components, and the

compounding effect of

single-route access if the Singley

Hill corridor is damaged. The

2026 THIRA earthquake

scenario establishes capability

targets that current capabilities

do not fully meet, per the 2025

SPR.

885

886

887

888

884

883

860

889

890

91ACTIVE VULNERABILITY: The approved $200,000 in FEMA Public Assistance funding

892for facilities damaged in DR-4692-DR remains unspent pending contract execution as

893of the date of this plan. Several facilities with documented earthquake damage have

894not been fully repaired, including the designated emergency shelter (Recreation

895Center). Contract execution is identified as Action 5.6.8 in Part Five.

897

898

899

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9004.5 Pandemic / Public Health Emergency

01The COVID-19 pandemic caused full closure of Tribal government and enterprise operations,

902documented revenue interruption to the enterprise that funds Tribal government services, and

903sustained public health protective operations. The Tribe developed a Pandemic Response Plan

904(completed 2021 mitigation action) which is carried forward for maintenance and update as

905Action 5.6.23. Probability of future pandemic or public health emergency is moderate; impact

906severity is high, given the Tribe's dependence on a single large-assembly enterprise for

907government revenue.

PLACEHOLDER: Insert COVID-19 closure dates, duration, and federal assistance

▶

amounts (Finance / Resort).

9104.6 Fire and Wildfire

909

911Hazard Profile — Type, Location, and Extent

12Under CAL FIRE's updated 2026 Fire Hazard Severity Zone (FHSZ) maps, lands immediately

913surrounding and adjoining the Rancheria are classified as Moderate. The Rancheria itself

914carries no FHSZ designation — not because hazard is absent, but because trust lands are

915Federal Responsibility Area, outside the State and Local Responsibility Areas that CAL FIRE's

916FHSZ program maps. Because fuels, topography, and weather are continuous across the trust

917land boundary, the Tribe treats the surrounding Moderate classification as the effective fire

918hazard baseline for planning purposes. The mapping gap is itself a planning consideration:

919hazard designations that drive building standards, defensible space enforcement, and mitigation

920funding eligibility do not automatically extend to trust lands — reinforcing the importance of

921Tribally led wildfire mitigation, including the Tribal Fire Program (Action 5.6.1).

22The fire environment surrounding the Rancheria is mixed: grassy hillsides and brush, on and

923adjacent to Tribal land, transitioning to continuous timber to the east and south — the terrain

924carrying the Moderate classification that surrounds the Rancheria on three sides. Mature bull

925pines along the Singley Hill corridor, identified by survey respondents as an existing hazard,

926stand within reach of structures and the Tribe's single access road. Critically, the Rancheria lies

927directly adjacent to U.S. Highway 101, one of the most heavily trafficked corridors on the North

928Coast. Roadside ignition — vehicle fires, dragging chains and equipment, hot catalytic

929converters over dry grass, and discarded smoking materials — is a well-documented wildfire

930cause along major highways, and the 101 corridor places a continuous ignition source at the

931base of the grassy slopes below Tribal homes and facilities. Extent is best expressed by fire

932behavior potential: a wind-driven grass or brush fire starting at the highway shoulder or in the

933Singley Hill corridor could reach structures and sever the sole egress route within the first

934burning period, well inside the Loleta Fire Department's documented 20-plus-minute response

935time. The Rancheria's exposure is therefore characterized less by acreage at risk than by the

936coincidence of fuels, slope, a continuous roadside ignition source, and the single-access

937configuration at the same location.

38While no wildfires have directly impacted the Rancheria since the last plan cycle, the Tribe has

939identified a set of compounding structural fire protection vulnerabilities that collectively represent

940a significant life safety concern, particularly given recent facility expansions and increased

941occupancy.

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942COMPOUNDING VULNERABILITY:

43The following fire protection gaps exist simultaneously at BRB Rancheria: (1) 20+ minute

944documented response times; (2) no ladder apparatus for the multi-story Resort hotel; (3)

945approximately 45 minutes of sustained fire flow before tank depletion; (4) Resort water system

946fire flow uncharacterized; (5) JHA held by a volunteer department without formal agreement; (6)

947no Tribal fire program; (7) single ingress/egress route. A major fire event at The Venue or Resort

948during a large event would activate all of these vulnerabilities simultaneously.

50According to CAL

951FIRE data, 634

952wildfires burned in

953Humboldt County

954between 1910 and

9552017, averaging

956approximately two

957fires per year with a

958historical range of 0

959to 17 fires annually.

960Approximately 63

961percent of wildfires in

962Humboldt County

963are caused by

964human activity, with

965electrical equipment

966including power lines

967and transformers a

968frequent ignition

969source. The 2020

970August Complex fire

971burned over

9721,000,000 acres

973including portions of

974Humboldt County;

975while the main

976Rancheria was not

977directly threatened,

978smoke impacts and

979the potential for

980power infrastructure

981ignition were

982significant concerns.

949Previous Occurrences and Regional Wildfire History

83The 2020 fire season

984also directly

985engaged Tribal

986resources: beginning

987September 11, 2020, the Tribe operated an evacuation shelter at the Bear River Recreation

988Center for regional fire evacuees, without regard to tribal affiliation (see Section 4.14).

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989Probability

999Impacts and Vulnerability

90Probability of a wildfire directly affecting the Rancheria is moderate and rising. Humboldt

991County's human-caused ignition share — approximately 63 percent — must be read against the

992Rancheria's setting: a continuously trafficked federal highway at its doorstep, overhead electrical

993infrastructure serving the Rancheria and Resort, and seasonal grass cure on adjacent slopes

994each summer and fall. The absence of a wildfire on Rancheria lands during the planning period

995reflects favorable coastal conditions, not the absence of exposure — the ignition sources are

996permanent; only the receptive fuel conditions vary by season and year. Climate projections

997increase probability over the planning period through extended dry seasons and deepening fuel

998moisture stress, conditions that reach even the coastal zone in drought years (Section 4.9).

1009Fire Flow Baseline

000Impacts of a wildfire event would extend well beyond structure loss. Smoke is the demonstrated

1001impact pathway: the 2020 fire season brought sustained hazardous air quality to the region,

1002affecting elders, children, and residents with respiratory conditions. A fire in the Singley Hill or

1003Highway 101 corridor would simultaneously threaten homes, compromise the only egress route,

1004and endanger the Resort — the enterprise funding Tribal government operations — while

1005cultural sites and gathering places on and near Tribal land are irreplaceable in a way structure

1006valuation cannot capture. Vulnerability concentrates in the same singularities identified in

1007Section 4.15: one road out, one water tank, approximately 45 minutes of fire flow, and no Tribal

1008fire program — precisely the gaps Actions 5.6.1, 5.6.4, and 5.6.22 address.

010The February 2026 hydrant flow test (Section 3.8.1) established the fire suppression baseline:

1011approximately 45 minutes of sustained flow before significant tank depletion, no identified

1012backup water source for the Tish Non system, and an uncharacterized Resort reclaimed water

1013system. Sprinkler coverage in major facilities reduces demand for single-structure fires; a major

1014or multi-structure event would exceed the documented capacity, particularly if Loleta FD

1015response is delayed beyond its documented 20-minute time.

016The Tribal Fire Program (Action 5.6.1) is this plan's Priority 1 mitigation action. Its priority

1017reflects not only suppression capability but the pillars themselves: workforce development for

1018Tribal members, cultural fire practice and land stewardship, and assertion of Tribal authority

1019over public safety on trust lands. Healing the land heals the people — and returning fire to its

1020proper cultural and ecological role on Tribal land is central to that healing.

1021

1022

1023

1024

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10254.7 Flooding (Localized and Riverine)

1026Hazard Profile

027Flood risk at BRB has two distinct components. Regional riverine flooding is associated with the

1028Eel River system and atmospheric river events, with king tide interaction affecting low-lying

1029areas. Localized flooding on the Rancheria itself is now engineering-documented: Whitchurch

1030Engineering, Inc. (Jeffrey Laikam, PE, RCE #68586) conducted initial flooding inspections under

1031Project No. BRB2401, documented in a scoping letter dated March 7, 2024, identifying six

1032distinct flooding sites on Tribal lands.

033Critically, the Whitchurch assessment identified systemic infrastructure maintenance

1034governance failure — the absence of an assigned owner and inspection cycle for culverts and

1035drainage infrastructure — as a root cause common to the six sites. This plan corrects that

1036governance gap directly: the Pre-Storm Culvert and Drainage Inspection Protocol (Appendix I)

1037assigns annual September inspection responsibility to Public Works and Facilities, with OES

1038receiving the annual report and holding escalation authority for deferred maintenance.

1039Table 4-3: Whitchurch Engineering BRB2401 — Documented Flooding Sites (March 2024)

Condition Documented

Site 1

ravel access road floods where a headwall (with a

likely buried culvert, inlet inaccessible) receives runoff

from a degraded uphill stone-lined swale. The poorly

infiltrating hillside adds runoff; uphill soils become

saturated or under standing water

OR R25AP00342 - Under

Design. Construction FY 26.

$200,000 change order requiring

funding

Site 2

he gaming office, southeast of the casino, predates the

uphill parking lot to the northeast; runoff from the lot's

asphalt now sheets across the lawn and ponds against

the building's foundation and siding.

OR R25AP00342 - Under

Design. Construction FY 26.

$200,000 change order requiring

funding

Site 3

ownhome runoff between Highway 101 and Bowie

Road drains via curb cuts and three swales to a rear

retention area. Two swales are overgrown and likely

unlined; grading to the swale inlets is poorly sloped and

doesn't drain positively.

OR R25AP00342 - Under

Design. Construction FY 26.

$200,000 change order requiring

funding

bermed wetland east of the parcel pushes outflow

toward the buildings; the existing French drain diverts it

but runs constantly, and soils behind it stay saturated.

Downspouts add significant non-infiltrating water.

OR R25AP00342 - Under

Design. Construction FY 26.

$200,000 change order requiring

funding

Site 5

he residence at 352 Brenard Way sits downhill of its

driveway and hillside, flooding the garage; the existing

drain line hasn't prevented saturation around the

building, which is flat-graded to the foundation.

OR R25AP00342 - Under

Design. Construction FY 26.

$200,000 change order requiring

funding

Site 6

he alley's drainage system between the east and west

ends of Carroll Road has broadly failed: the swale is

overgrown and soil-filled, all culverts are silted in, and

south-side building drain pipes are silted, possibly

broken, undersized and not installed per plans.

OR R25AP00342 - Under

Design. Construction FY 26.

$200,000 change order requiring

funding

Site 4

Status

Site

1040

1041

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042Previous occurrences include recurring seasonal flooding at the six documented sites, culvert

1043overflow events, and flooding of the gaming office (a former Tribal residential structure). The

1044probability of continued localized flooding is moderate-to-high until infrastructure improvements

1045and the inspection governance protocol are fully implemented; atmospheric river intensification

1046increases both probability and consequence over the planning period. Infrastructure

1047improvements at the documented sites are funded under Bureau of Reclamation Agreement No.

1048R25AP00342 and are in design development (see Part 5, Mitigation Action #11).

1049

050

Access and functional needs (AFN) households are present in the localized flood-affected

1051

area, including subgrade residential structures. Flooding at these sites is a life-safety issue,

1052

not only a property issue.

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1053

10544.8 Severe Weather and Climate Change

10624.9 Drought and Water Shortage

055Atmospheric river storms deliver some of the highest rainfall totals in California to the region,

1056producing high wind, sustained heavy rain, flooding, slides, and extended power outages,

1057including PG&E Public Safety Power Shutoff events. Severe weather is a high-probability

1058annual occurrence with moderate-to-high impact, and climate change is increasing both

1059frequency and intensity. Mitigation is addressed through the Energy Emergency Plan (Appendix

1060F), generator and fuel actions (5.6.5, 5.6.15), the severe weather training module (Appendix H),

1061and the culvert inspection protocol (Appendix I).

1070

1071

1072

1073

074

1075

1076

1077

1069

063Drought classification follows the U.S. Drought Monitor scale from None through D0

1064(Abnormally Dry), D1 (Moderate), D2 (Severe), D3 (Extreme), and D4 (Exceptional Drought).

1065The Tribal water supply is entirely groundwater-well dependent with no identified backup source,

1066making extended drought a direct water security threat even absent current impacts. Drought

1067also directly threatens Mattole River salmon habitat — and with it the cultural practice the

1068Salmon Ceremony restored. A Drought Contingency Plan is carried forward as Action 5.6.21.

078

1079

1080

1081

1082

1083

1084

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10854.10 Tsunami and Coastal Hazards

086The Mattole Beach ceremonial gathering area is directly exposed to both distant-source and

1087near-field tsunami. A near-field Cascadia event could provide only minutes of natural warning

1088(strong ground

1089shaking) before

1090wave arrival,

1091with no

1092engineered

1093warning

1094infrastructure at

1095the beach. The

1096December 2024

1097earthquake

1098generated a

1099tsunami alert

1100affecting the

1101coastal zone.

1102Tribal members

1103also reside in

1104mapped coastal

1105tsunami zones

1106off-Rancheria.

1107Because the

1108revived Salmon

1109Ceremony

1110gathers the

1111community at

1112the shoreline,

1113this hazard

1114directly

1115threatens both

1116lives and an

1117irreplaceable

1118cultural practice;

1119the Mattole

1120Beach

1121Emergency

1122Protocol is

1123Action 5.6.7,

1124with the

1125ceremonial site

1126evacuation and

1127warning plan as

1128Action 5.6.20.

1129The biannual

1130frequency of

1131gatherings

1132places Mattole Beach actions below daily-exposure actions in priority order, while their cultural

1133stakes keep them within the plan's core priorities.

1134

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1135

11364.11 Transportation and Access Hazards

1165

1166

1167

137The Singley Hill / US-101 corridor is a documented fatality corridor with five or more fatalities

1138per year, and it is the

1139Rancheria's only

1140ingress/egress route.

1141Daily probability of

1142disruptive incidents is

1143high. A single event —

1144major collision, slide,

1145flood, fire, or seismic

1146damage — can

1147simultaneously isolate

1148the community and

1149block emergency

1150response in both

1151directions. This

1152hazard interacts with

1153nearly every other

1154hazard in this Part.

1155Mitigation actions:

1156Singley Hill corridor

1157and secondary egress

1158development (5.6.4),

1159Bowie Road to Echo

1160Lane secondary

1161egress (5.6.22), and

1162US-101 interchange

1163safety improvements

1164(5.6.4 component).

1168

1169

1170

1171

1172

1173

1174

1175

1176

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11774.12 Cyberattack

178The 2026 THIRA ransomware scenario documents an estimated $3.65 million exposure across

1179Tribal government and enterprise systems. Specific vulnerabilities include the casino gaming

1180network, Tribal administrative IT, dependence on RAVE Mobile for public alerting, and industrial

1181control (SCADA) systems at the upgraded Wastewater Treatment Plant. A successful attack on

1182the WWTP would convert a cyber incident into a public health and environmental incident.

1183Formalization of the Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan is Action 5.6.16. Operational

1184security detail is maintained in the EOP and excluded from this public document.

11854.13 Other Hazards

11924.14 Tribal Capability Assessment

186Additional hazards profiled at lower priority include: landslide and slope erosion (Bear Creek

1187bank erosion documented under the Whitchurch scope; slope hazards adjacent to the

1188Rancheria); hazardous materials incidents along the US-101 corridor; civil unrest or active

1189threat associated with large-assembly enterprise operations (Action 5.6.26 maintains annual

1190exercises); and energy shortage / extended utility outage (addressed by Appendix F and the

1191microgrid pathway, Action 5.6.24).

193Pursuant to 44 CFR § 201.7(c)(3), this section evaluates the Tribe's pre- and post-disaster

1194hazard management capabilities. Existing capabilities include: the Office of Emergency Services

1195with dedicated Manager and Logistics Coordinator; the Emergency Operations Plan (July 2025);

1196the THIRA/SPR assessment cycle; a Grants Management office administering federal awards

1197under 2 CFR 200; the Recreation Center shelter MOU with Humboldt County; RAVE Mobile

1198alerting; completed Pandemic Response Plan; Great ShakeOut participation two consecutive

1199years; the Renewable Energy Coordinator position; and demonstrated direct federal disaster

1200management under FEMA-4692-DR.

201Demonstrated sheltering capability. The Tribe’s sheltering capability is proven, not theoretical.

1202On September 11, 2020, during California’s historic wildfire season, the Tribe opened the Bear

1203River Recreation Center as an evacuation shelter for community members displaced by regional

1204fires, without regard to tribal affiliation. The operation provided four separated areas for larger

1205families and socially distanced individual accommodations for up to 45 people, with adjacent

1206outdoor space for tent camping and vehicle parking. The Tribe supplied hot and cold meals,

1207cots, bedding, water, restrooms, showers, and COVID-19 protective measures — a congregate

1208sheltering operation run under active pandemic protocols, demonstrating the capability to

1209manage compounding hazards simultaneously. (Source: Bear River Band press release,

1210September 11, 2020, via Lost Coast Outpost.)

211Capability gaps documented in the 2025 SPR and addressed by this plan include:

1212law-enforcement-dependent capabilities at approximately 20 percent of target (no active PD); no

1213Tribal fire program and no formalized JHA; no dedicated EOC; supply storage vulnerability

1214(shared warehouse with theft and pest exposure); animal sheltering capability at 20 animals

1215against a THIRA target of 50–200; foster care roster access protocol unresolved with Social

1216Services; and the unexecuted PA contract. Tribal development regulation on trust lands includes

1217CBC seismic standards for new construction (contractually required since January 1, 2022, with

1218The Venue constructed to current code), with a BRIC code plus-up application extending

1219land-use and code capabilities.

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12204.15 Overall Vulnerability Summary and Loss Estimation

221Across all hazards, the Tribe's defining vulnerability pattern is concentration and singularity: a

1222single access road, a single water tank, a single revenue enterprise, a single shared shelter

1223facility, and singular cultural sites. Mitigation strategy in Part Five is accordingly organized

1224around redundancy, Tribal self-sufficiency, and governance clarity. Structure-level loss

1225estimation is anchored by documented DR-4692-DR damages and insured replacement values.

226

1227

1228

PLACEHOLDER: Insert updated total insured asset value and per-hazard loss

▶

estimation table once Finance provides current replacement values. Request sent to

TA Office 7/27/26

1229

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PART FIVE: MITIGATION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN

1230

12315.1 Strategy Framework

232The mitigation strategy is built on the four community pillars — Quality of Life, Self-Sufficiency,

1233Sustainability, and Cultural Awareness — and the guiding philosophy that healing the land heals

1234the people. The mitigation actions in this plan are conceived not as isolated projects, but as

1235components of a unified vision for a Tribal community that is prepared, self-determined, and

1236whole. Prioritization reflects Tribal values and institutional goals — workforce development and

1237cultural healing are legitimate priority drivers — in addition to hazard probability and severity.

12385.2 Regulatory Framework

Application in This Plan

44 CFR § 201.7

Tribal plan criteria; update requirements at § 201.7(d)(3)

DMA 2000 / Stafford Act § 203

Pre-disaster mitigation authority

Stafford Act § 404 (HMGP)

ost-declaration mitigation funding; active seismic assessment

project

Authority

Stafford Act § 406 (PA C–G)

itigation within Public Assistance repairs; DR-4692-DR contract

(Action 5.6.8)

andy Recovery Improvement Act

2013

irect tribal declaration authority; government-to-government

submission

2 CFR Parts 200 / 3002

Federal award administration standards; assurances in Part Six

Executive Order 13175

1239

Tribal consultation and coordination

12405.3 Status of 2021 THMP Mitigation Actions

24144 CFR § 201.7(d)(3) requires the updated plan to document the status of actions from the

1242previous plan, describe progress in mitigation efforts, and reflect changes in priorities. The

1243following table summarizes each of the 15 actions from the 2021 THMP and its disposition in

1244this update.

1245Table 5-1: Status of 2021 THMP Mitigation Actions

2021 Action

Status

Disposition in This Plan

evelop Pandemic

Response Plan

Completed

Plan on file; carried forward for update as Action 5.6.23

Install electronic emergency Completed

notification sign at Tish Non

Village entrance

ocumented as completed; RAVE integration under

Action 5.6.9; see 5.6.18

ew buildings meet CBC

seismic standards

ngoing contractual requirement; The Venue built to

current code; BRIC code plus-up; carried forward under

Actions 5.6.1 / 5.6.6

In Progress

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2021 Action

Status

Disposition in This Plan

eview/retrofit critical

buildings for earthquake

safety

In Progress

R-4692-DR documented damages; BRIC and PA

addressing; carried forward as Actions 5.6.6 and 5.6.8

arthquake preparedness

in employee training

Ongoing

reat ShakeOut participation two consecutive years;

carried forward as Action 5.6.17

ire/wildfire preparedness

in employee training

Ongoing

R completed; cultural fire being pursued; JHA

complications noted; carried forward as Actions 5.6.1

and 5.6.19

esort/Community Center

as evacuation/command

center

In Progress

ulti-use model not sustainable; independent EOC

identified as priority; carried forward as Action 5.6.3

(Emergency Resilience Campus)

oluntary safety personnel

evaluated/trained

Partial

raining occurred; volunteer availability gap (family/work

obligations) documented; carried forward as Action

5.6.17

unding applied for

microgrid/electrical

resilience

In Progress

enewable Energy Coordinator established; carried

forward as Action 5.6.24

unding applied for Drought In Progress

Contingency Plan

Funding being pursued; carried forward as Action 5.6.21

re-Flood Hazard

Reduction Plan developed

Developed

OR R25AP00342 addresses primary vulnerability;

carried forward as Action 5.6.12

evere weather

preparedness in employee

training

Developed

arried forward as Action 5.6.17; training module

drafted (Appendix H)

isaster supply kits

purchased

Partial

urchased multiple times; storage vulnerability (shared

warehouse, theft/pest risk); carried forward as Action

5.6.3a (dedicated secure storage)

unding applied for Energy

Emergency Plan

Developed

o application submitted; carried forward as Actions

5.6.3 and 5.6.5; Energy Emergency Plan drafted

(Appendix F)

et and Service Animal

Emergency Plan developed

Developed

ed Cross now requires animal shelter accounting; SPR

shows 10% capability; carried forward as Action 5.6.13;

plan drafted (Appendix G)

1246

247

1248

er FEMA 2022 review note (Element C-4): responsible parties are identified for every action in this

update, including the two 2021 actions previously lacking assignment.

12495.4 Prioritization Criteria

250Actions are prioritized using three weighted criteria: (1) life safety and hazard consequence

1251reduction; (2) advancement of the four community pillars, including workforce development,

1252sovereignty, and cultural healing; and (3) implementation feasibility, including funding availability

1253and shovel-readiness. Consistent with FEMA guidance, timelines are expressed in general

1254terms (anticipated start year and duration) rather than fixed dates.

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12555.5 Goals and Objectives

256The three plan goals (Section 1.6) are implemented through objectives spanning: life safety and

1257alerting; fire protection and Tribal fire capability; law enforcement reinstatement; emergency

1258facility and supply infrastructure; access and egress redundancy; water security and fire flow;

1259energy resilience; flood infrastructure and maintenance governance; cultural site protection;

1260vulnerable population protocols (AFN, foster care, LEP, animals); cyber resilience; and

1261continuity of government and enterprise.

12625.6 Mitigation Actions — Detail Sheets

1263Action 5.6.1 — Tribal Fire Program — Phase 1 (Priority 1)

Field

264Establish a Bear River Band Tribal Fire Program. Phase 1 encompasses program design, initial

1265workforce recruitment and training of Tribal members, equipment planning, cultural fire practice

1266integration, and formalization of relationships with surrounding departments. This action is

1267Priority 1 not because fire is the most frequent hazard, but because the program simultaneously

1268closes the plan's most dangerous compounding vulnerability set (Section 4.6), creates career

1269pathways for Tribal members, restores cultural fire to Tribal land stewardship, and asserts Tribal

1270authority over public safety on trust lands. Workforce development and cultural healing are the

1271point, not side effects: healing the land heals the people.

Detail

Priority

1 — Highest priority action in this plan

Hazards Addressed

Pillars

Fire/wildfire; severe weather; earthquake (response); all-hazards capability

All four — Self-Sufficiency and Cultural Awareness lead

Lead

Office of Emergency Services / Tribal Administration

Loleta FD; CAL FIRE; Fortuna Fire; BIA; neighboring tribal fire programs

Partners

Timeline

nticipated start within one year of plan approval; Phase 1 duration approx. 2

years

Est. Cost / Funding

hase 1 planning and initial capability — HMGP/BRIC planning and

capacity-building eligible; BIA

1272

1273Action 5.6.2 — Bear River Police Department Reinstatement

274Reinstate the Bear River Police Department. The 2025 SPR documents

1275law-enforcement-dependent capabilities at approximately 20 percent of target. Reinstatement

1276restores Tribal jurisdiction over public safety on trust lands, reduces dependence on county

1277response times, and supports every response-phase capability in the THIRA.

Field

Detail

Priority

Hazards Addressed

All-hazards response; civil unrest/active threat; access control

Pillars

Self-Sufficiency; Quality of Life

Lead

Tribal Administration / Tribal Council

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Field

Detail

Partners

Humboldt County Sheriff; BIA Office of Justice Services

Timeline

Anticipated start within planning cycle; duration 2–3 years

Est. Cost / Funding

BIA; DOJ tribal justice programs; Tribal funds

1278

1279Action 5.6.3 — Emergency Resilience Campus — Singley Hill Corridor

Detail

Priority

Field

280Develop a dedicated Emergency Resilience Campus on Tribal land adjacent to the Rancheria

1281on the Singley Hill corridor, providing: a dedicated Emergency Operations Center (correcting the

1282ad hoc multi-use model documented as unsustainable), secure emergency supply storage,

1283staging and logistics space, training facilities for the Tribal Fire Program and volunteers, and

1284backup power. The campus is this plan's foundational response to the

1285concentration-and-singularity vulnerability pattern identified in Section 4.15. The need is not

1286hypothetical: the Tribe’s only proven mass care facility, the Bear River Recreation Center,

1287sustained damage in the December 2022 earthquake (FEMA-4692-DR PW #714425) —

1288purpose-built, seismically resilient capacity on the Singley Hill corridor closes that exposure.

1 — Foundational infrastructure gap

Hazards Addressed

Pillars

All hazards — EOC, sheltering support, supply logistics, training

Self-Sufficiency; Sustainability; Quality of Life; Cultural Awareness

Lead

Office of Emergency Services / Tribal Administration

Partners

Grants Management; Public Works and Facilities; Tribal Council

Phased; site planning start within 1–2 years; multi-year build-out

Timeline

Est. Cost / Funding

HMGP; BRIC; BIA; EDA; Tribal capital

1289Action 5.6.4 — Singley Hill Corridor and Secondary Egress Program

290Address the single-access vulnerability and the documented US-101/Singley Hill fatality corridor

1291(five or more fatalities per year) through interchange safety improvements, corridor advocacy

1292with Caltrans, and development of secondary egress capability. Companion detail on the Bowie

1293Road to Echo Lane route is in Action 5.6.22.

Field

Detail

Priority

Hazards Addressed

Transportation/access; all hazards (evacuation and response access)

Pillars

Quality of Life; Self-Sufficiency

Lead

Public Works and Facilities / OES

Partners

Caltrans; Humboldt County; BIA Roads

Timeline

Corridor safety advocacy immediate; egress engineering multi-year

Est. Cost / Funding

HMGP; BRIC; BIA Roads; Caltrans safety programs

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1294Action 5.6.5 — Recreation Center Generator and 30-Day Fuel Capability

295Equip the Recreation Center — the designated County-MOU emergency shelter — with

1296permanent standby generation and fuel capability supporting extended operations. The 2026

1297THIRA establishes a 7-day outage capability threshold; this action builds toward the 30-day

1298scenario addressed in the Energy Emergency Plan (Appendix F).

Detail

Priority

Hazards Addressed

Severe weather/PSPS; earthquake; all hazards (sheltering)

Pillars

Self-Sufficiency; Quality of Life

Lead

Office of Emergency Services / Office of Energy Services

Partners

Humboldt County (shelter MOU); PG&E

Timeline

Start within 1 year; approx. 1–2 years

Est. Cost / Funding

HMGP 5% initiative / BRIC; generator grant

Field

1299Action 5.6.6 — Resort Seismic Assessment (Active HMGP Project)

300Complete the active HMGP-funded seismic assessment of Resort and critical Tribal structures,

1301producing prioritized retrofit recommendations that will feed the next round of BRIC/HMGP

1302construction applications.

Field

Detail

Priority

1 — In progress

Hazards Addressed

Lead

Self-Sufficiency; Sustainability

Pillars

Earthquake

Grants Management / Facilities

FEMA HMGP; engineering consultant

Timeline

Active; per HMGP period of performance

Est. Cost / Funding

HMGP (active award)

Partners

1303HMGP - 4692 - Seismic Retrofit and Slope Stabilization Project

1304Action 5.6.7 — Mattole Beach Emergency Protocol

305Establish an emergency protocol for Tribal gatherings at Mattole Beach, including pre-gathering

1306hazard briefing, natural-warning evacuation trigger (ground shaking = immediate move to high

1307ground), designated evacuation routes and assembly point, and communications procedures for

1308a location with limited coverage. The THIRA tsunami scenario informs capability targets.

1309Frequency of gatherings is biannual, which places this below daily-exposure actions in

1310sequence — but the ceremony's cultural stakes, documented in Section 3.2, make its protection

1311a core commitment of this plan. Companion action 5.6.20 develops the full ceremonial site

1312evacuation and warning plan. A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers study and technical assistance

1313project focused on the Mattole Beach area and the Salmon Ceremony is underway, engaging

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314the Mattole Restoration Council and Mattole Salmon Group on watershed restoration relevant to

1315the site.

Detail

Priority

Hazards Addressed

Tsunami; coastal hazards; earthquake (near-field)

Pillars

Cultural Awareness; Quality of Life

Lead

Office of Emergency Services / Cultural Programs

Partners

umboldt County OES; NOAA/NWS; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Mattole

Beach study and technical assistance project); Mattole Restoration Council;

Mattole Salmon Group; Lost Coast League

Timeline

Protocol within 1 year; drills at gatherings thereafter

Est. Cost / Funding

Minimal — planning; HMGP/BRIC planning eligible

Field

1316

1317Action 5.6.8 — FEMA-4692-DR Public Assistance Contract Execution

318Execute the approved but unexecuted Public Assistance contract under FEMA-4692-DR and

1319complete repairs to earthquake-damaged facilities, including the designated emergency shelter.

1320Approved federal funding left unspent while damaged facilities remain unrepaired is both a risk

1321and a compliance exposure; this action closes it.

Field

Detail

Priority

1 — Administrative urgency

Hazards Addressed

Lead

Self-Sufficiency

Pillars

Earthquake (repair of documented damage)

Grants Management / Tribal Administration

FEMA Region IX PA

Timeline

Immediate

Est. Cost / Funding

pproved PA funding — FEMA share $476,092.04 across 11 Project

Worksheets (Section 4.4) — unobligated

Partners

1322

13235.7 Mitigation Actions 9 through 26

324The following actions complete the 26-action portfolio. Each is developed with lead

1325responsibility, pillar alignment, and funding pathway; full implementation detail follows the same

1326structure as Actions 1–8.

1327Table 5-2: Mitigation Actions 9–26 — Summary Detail

Action

Pillar(s)

Priority

Lead

Scope

AVE Mobile Enrollment

Drive

uality of

Life

OES

ommunity-wide alerting enrollment

campaign; integration with electronic

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Action

Pillar(s)

Priority

Lead

Scope

ign; annual enrollment events

including live enrollment during training

(Appendix H).

oster Care Emergency

Protocol

uality of

Life

ocial

Service

s / OES

stablish emergency accountability

and reunification protocol for Tribal

children in foster placements — a

direct answer to the

boarding-school-era legacy

documented in Section 3.2.

esort Water System Fire

Flow Assessment

elf-Sufficien 2

ublic

Works /

Resort

Facilitie

haracterize the reclaimed water

system serving the Resort: storage,

pumps, pressure, hydrants; establish

fire flow baseline and backup storage

need.

tormwater Infrastructure

and Maintenance

Governance

Sustainability 1

ublic

Works

and

Facilitie

Implement BOR R25AP00342

improvements at Whitchurch sites;

adopt Appendix I inspection protocol;

BRIC code plus-up land-use

provisions; Bear Paws Lane conversion

protocol.

et and Service Animal

Emergency Plan

Implementation

EP Emergency

Notification Capability

ump and Play Priority

Fuel Resupply Agreement

elf-Sufficien 2

ES /

ormal priority resupply agreement

Enterpri with fuel distributor; implements the

fuel rationing hierarchy (Appendix F) —

gaming within Priority 1 because

gaming revenue funds all government

services.

ybersecurity Incident

Response Plan

Formalization

elf-Sufficien 3

Informa

tion

Technol

ogy

ormalize incident response for

government, gaming, and WWTP

SCADA environments; THIRA $3.65M

scenario is the planning basis; detail

retained in EOP.

omprehensive

All-Hazards Training

Program

uality of

Life

ES /

nified annual training consolidating

2021 Actions 5, 6, 8, and 12:

earthquake (Great ShakeOut), fire,

severe weather (Appendix H),

volunteer development — with the

documented volunteer availability gap

addressed through paid-time and

incentive design.

OES

Implement Appendix G: ballfield

sheltering with weighted no-stake

fencing, 50-animal initial capacity,

county Animal Control coordination,

reunification.

uality of

Life

ES /

ultilingual alerting and materials for

LEP employees and community

members; Title VI obligation noted.

uality of

Life

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Action

Pillar(s)

Priority

Lead

Scope

lectronic Notification Sign

— Sustainment

uality of

Life

OES

ompleted 2021 action; sustain,

maintain, and integrate with RAVE

alerting.

J HA Review,

Formalization, and

Sovereignty

Documentation

elf-Sufficien 1

cy / Cultural

Awareness

ribal

Adminis

tration /

OES

ormalize the Loleta FD JHA in written

agreement; document Tribal

jurisdictional authority on trust lands;

pursue supplemental coverage

agreement with Fortuna Fire for the

hotel tower and large-assembly

venues.

attole Beach Ceremonial

Site Evacuation and

Warning Plan

ultural

Awareness /

Quality of

Life

ES /

Cultural

Progra

ull evacuation route survey, assembly

point designation, signage/warning

approach appropriate to the site, and

drill integration with gatherings.

Drought Contingency Plan

Sustainability 2

ublic

Works /

ENR

evelop plan addressing

well-dependent supply, conservation

triggers keyed to Drought Monitor

stages, and salmon habitat

coordination.

owie Road to Echo Lane

Secondary Egress

uality of

Life

ublic

Works

and

Facilitie

ngineer and permit the identified

secondary egress route. Terrain is

sloped, vegetated, and seasonally wet

with a culvert passing beneath the

highway; CEQA and CWA §404

compliance anticipated — a cost and

schedule factor, not a bar. Animal

underpass co-benefit identified.

andemic Response Plan

— Maintenance and

Update

uality of

Life

OES

pdate the completed plan with

COVID-19 lessons learned; annual

review cycle.

Tribal Microgrid — Phase 1 Sustainability 3

enew L

ong-term (5+ year) energy

able

sovereignty pathway; Phase 1

Energy feasibility and funding development.

Coordin

ator

etrolia Parcel Hazard

Assessment

Sustainability 3

ES /

ENR

ctive Threat / Civil Unrest

Plan — Annual Exercise

uality of

Life

ES /

aintain and exercise annually for

Enterpri large-assembly enterprise operations;

operational detail in EOP.

Security

aseline hazard assessment of the

discontiguous Petrolia parcel.

1328

13295.8 Master Priority Summary — All 26 Actions

1330Table 5-3: Master Mitigation Action Priority Summary

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Action

Priority

Lead

Funding Pathway

5.6.1

Tribal Fire Program — Phase 1

OES / Admin

MGP/BRIC planning;

BIA

5.6.2

Bear River PD Reinstatement

Admin / Council

BIA; DOJ

5.6.3

mergency Resilience Campus —

Singley Hill

OES / Admin

HMGP; BRIC; EDA

5.6.3a

Near-Term Connex Supply Storage

1 (90-day) OES

5.6.4

ingley Hill Corridor / Secondary

Egress Program

Public Works / OES H

MGP; BIA Roads;

Caltrans

5.6.5

ecreation Center Generator +

30-Day Fuel

OES / Facilities

HMGP/BRIC

5.6.6

Resort Seismic Assessment

1 (active)

Grants / Facilities

HMGP (awarded)

5.6.7

Mattole Beach Emergency Protocol

OES / Cultural

Planning funds

5.6.8

DR-4692 PA Contract Execution

1 (admin)

Grants / Admin

PA (approved)

5.6.9

RAVE Mobile Enrollment Drive

OES

Tribal; THSGP

5.6.10

Foster Care Emergency Protocol

ocial Services /

OES

Planning funds

5.6.11

esort Water System Fire Flow

Assessment

ublic Works /

Resort

BRIC; Tribal

5.6.12

tormwater Infrastructure +

Maintenance Governance

Public Works

OR R25AP00342;

BRIC

5.6.13

nimal Emergency Plan

Implementation

OES

Tribal; Red Cross coord.

5.6.14

LEP Notification Capability

OES / HR

Tribal

ump and Play Priority Fuel

Resupply

OES / Enterprise

Tribal

Cybersecurity IR Plan Formalization

THSGP; Tribal

Comprehensive Training Program

OES / HR

Tribal; EMPG-like

5.6.18

Electronic Sign Sustainment

OES

Tribal

5.6.19

J HA Review + Sovereignty

Documentation

Admin / OES

Planning funds

5.6.20

attole Beach Evacuation +

Warning Plan

OES / Cultural

Planning funds

5.6.21

Drought Contingency Plan

Public Works / ENR BOR; BRIC

5.6.22

owie Road to Echo Lane

Secondary Egress

Public Works

HMGP; BIA Roads

5.6.23

Pandemic Plan Update

OES

Tribal

5.6.15

5.6.16

5.6.17

Tribal

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Action

Priority

Lead

Funding Pathway

5.6.24

Tribal Microgrid Phase 1

enewable Energy

Coord.

DOE; HMGP

5.6.25

Petrolia Parcel Hazard Assessment

OES / ENR

Planning funds

5.6.26

Active Threat Plan Annual Exercise

OES / Security

Tribal

1331

13325.9 Funding Strategy

333The Tribe pursues a layered funding strategy pairing FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance

1334(HMGP — declaration-based eligibility under FEMA-4692-DR; BRIC; FMA) with Public

1335Assistance mitigation (§406), Bureau of Reclamation infrastructure agreements (R25AP00342

1336active), BIA programs (roads, justice services, Living Languages), Department of Energy tribal

1337energy programs, Department of Justice tribal justice funding, Caltrans safety programs, EDA,

1338and Tribal enterprise capital. Grants Management administers all federal awards under 2 CFR

1339200. Actions in this plan are drafted with an emphasis on narrow, shovel-ready scopes to

1340maximize implementation likelihood, per FEMA's 2022 review guidance.

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PART SIX: PLAN MAINTENANCE

1341

13426.1 Monitoring

343The Office of Emergency Services is responsible for monitoring implementation of this plan.

1344Monitoring occurs on an annual cycle: each September — aligned with pre-storm-season

1345activities including the culvert inspection protocol (Appendix I) and severe weather training

1346(Appendix H) — OES collects a Mitigation Action Completion Report (MACR, Appendix D) from

1347the lead department for each active action. The MACR standardizes the information collected

1348across departments, per FEMA's 2022 review recommendation (Element A-1). OES compiles

1349the MACRs into an Annual Mitigation Report to Tribal Council.

13506.2 Evaluation

13576.3 Updating

351The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee convenes at least annually to evaluate the plan's

1352effectiveness against its stated goals: whether actions are progressing on their general

1353timelines, whether hazard conditions or Tribal priorities have changed, whether new

1354development or acquisitions have changed the risk profile, and whether the plan remains

1355integrated with the THIRA/SPR cycle and EOP. Evaluation findings are documented in the

1356Annual Mitigation Report.

358The plan will be updated and resubmitted to FEMA Region IX within the five-year cycle required

1359by 44 CFR § 201.7(d)(3). The update process will begin no later than year four of the cycle,

1360drawing on the accumulated MACRs and Annual Mitigation Reports — which together provide

1361the 2021-to-2026-style status documentation (Table 5-1) that this update required substantial

1362effort to reconstruct. Amendments between cycles may be adopted by Tribal Council resolution

1363when necessary to reflect changes in Tribal or federal law.

13646.4 Continued Public Participation

365Public participation continues throughout the plan cycle: the Annual Mitigation Report is

1366available to the Tribal community; mitigation is a standing topic at community gatherings; the

1367Community Hazard Mitigation Survey is refreshed during the next update; and the public (as

1368defined in Section 2.2) is invited to comment on any proposed amendment.

13696.5 Integration into Other Planning Mechanisms

370Hazard mitigation requirements are integrated into other Tribal planning mechanisms at the front

1371end of project development, not after construction approval — per FEMA's 2022 review

1372recommendation (Element C-5). Mechanisms include: capital project development and Council

1373presentation packages (mitigation screening before Council review); the THIRA/SPR annual

1374cycle; the EOP revision cycle; grant application development by Grants Management; land

1375acquisition and trust conversion review; and enterprise facility planning.

13766.6 Project Closeout

377Upon completion of any mitigation action, the lead department submits a final MACR

1378documenting completion, final cost, funding sources, and outcome against intent. For federally

1379funded projects, Grants Management completes closeout — including financial reconciliation —

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380within 90 days of the end of the period of performance, per 2 CFR §§ 200.300–200.309 and

1381200.344.

13826.7 Assurances

383The Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria assures that it will comply with all applicable

1384federal statutes and regulations in effect with respect to the periods for which it receives grant

1385funding, including 2 CFR Parts 200 and 3002, and will amend this plan whenever necessary to

1386reflect changes in Tribal or federal laws and statutes, as required by 44 CFR § 201.7(c)(6).

1387

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APPENDIX A: PLANNING PROCESS DOCUMENTATION

1388

389The THMP Planning Committee convened at project kickoff on March 3, 2026 and met regularly

1390through Phase 1 (Weeks 1–4, March 2026) to organize the update, confirm the planning

1391committee, issue departmental data requests, and validate the critical facilities list and

1392community profile. Beginning in Phase 2, the process shifted to a department-and-partner

1393engagement model: OES worked directly with individual Tribal departments and external

1394partners on their subject areas, an approach that produced deeper technical input than

1395continued full-committee meetings. Department mitigation workshops were held in July 2026

1396(Phase 4) to review prior actions and develop the updated mitigation strategy.

397External partner engagement during the drafting period included sustained coordination with the

1398U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which is conducting a study and technical assistance project

1399focused on the Mattole Beach area and the Tribe's revitalized Salmon Ceremony, and which

1400produced the mapping series used throughout this plan. Coordination included video

1401conferences on April 9, April 14, July 7, and July 14, 2026, and a two-day site visit to the

1402Rancheria on May 6–7, 2026. Through this project, USACE is also engaging the Mattole

1403Restoration Council and Mattole Salmon Group on watershed restoration relevant to the Tribe's

1404interests.

405Meeting records, including agendas and sign-in sheets, are retained on file at the Office of

1406Emergency Services and are available for review; consistent with this plan's practice, they are

1407not reproduced in the public document to protect personal information. The planning schedule is

1408summarized in Figure A-1 below.

1409

410Figure A-1: THMP 2026 planning process timeline — six phases from March 2026 kickoff

1411through FEMA Region IX review.

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APPENDIX B: COMMUNITY HAZARD MITIGATION SURVEY

1412

413

1414

PLACEHOLDER: Insert survey instrument and full response tabulation (survey

▶

closed; results summarized in Section 2.2).

1415

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PPENDIX C: TRIBAL STAKEHOLDER OUTREACH

1417DOCUMENTATION

1416

418Stakeholder outreach was extended to the, Blue Lake Rancheria, Cher-Ae Heights Indian

1419Community of the Trinidad Rancheria, Yurok Tribe, Hoopa Valley Tribe, Humboldt County OES,

1420BIA, Loleta Fire Department, CAL FIRE / Fortuna ECC, Whitchurch Engineering, and the

1421Bureau of Reclamation.

422

1423

PLACEHOLDER: Insert copies of draft-plan notification correspondence to the

▶

entities above (public review period August 4 – September 4, 2026).

1424

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PPENDIX D: MITIGATION ACTION COMPLETION REPORT

1426(MACR) TEMPLATE

1425

427The MACR standardizes annual reporting for every mitigation action. Lead departments

1428complete one MACR per assigned action each September.

Field

Entry

Action number and title

Reporting department / preparer

Reporting period

tatus (Not Started / In Progress / Completed / Deferred /

Removed)

Progress this period

Obstacles or changes in scope

Funding status (applications, awards, expenditures)

Anticipated activity next period

or completed actions: final cost, funding sources,

outcome vs. intent

Signature / date

1429

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APPENDIX E: TRIBAL COUNCIL ADOPTION RESOLUTION

1430

431

1432

1433

PLACEHOLDER: Insert adopted resolution following Tribal Council action. FEMA

▶

reviews the plan as Approvable Pending Adoption; the executed resolution completes

approval.

1434

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APPENDIX F: ENERGY EMERGENCY PLAN

1435

436The Energy Emergency Plan addresses PSPS monitoring and notification, generator activation

1437procedures, and extended outage coordination through a 30-day scenario. Its core is the Tribal

1438fuel rationing hierarchy:

​TRIBAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN​

Text

TRIBAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN