Consolidation of the Fruit Fly Regulations
Federal RegisterJun 9, 2008
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
7 CFR Parts 301 and 305
[Docket No. APHIS-2007-0084]
RIN 0579-AC57
Consolidation of the Fruit Fly Regulations
AGENCY:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.
ACTION:
Final rule.
SUMMARY:
We are amending the regulations to consolidate our domestic regulations regarding exotic fruit flies. Currently, these regulations are contained in six separate subparts, each of which covers a different species of fruit fly, and each of these subparts has parallel sections that are substantially the same as the corresponding sections in the other subparts. Therefore, we are combining these six subparts into a single subpart. We are also modifying the regulations by adding a mechanism through which quarantined areas can be removed from regulation expeditiously. These actions eliminate duplication and enhance the flexibility of our regulatory program.
DATES:
Effective Date:
July 9, 2008.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Wayne D. Burnett, Domestic Coordinator, Fruit Fly Exclusion and Detection Programs, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 137, Riverdale, MD 20737-1234; (301) 734-4387.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
On September 18, 2007, we published in the
Federal Register
(72 FR 53171-53181, Docket No. APHIS-2007-0084) a proposal
1
to consolidate our domestic regulations regarding exotic fruit flies. These regulations have been maintained in six separate subparts, each of which covers a different species of fruit fly, and each of these subparts has parallel sections that are substantially the same as the corresponding sections in the other subparts, so we proposed to combine those six subparts into a single subpart. We also proposed to modify the regulations by adding a mechanism through which quarantined areas can be removed from regulation expeditiously. These actions eliminate duplication and enhance the flexibility of our regulatory program. Finally, we proposed to make irradiation available as a phytosanitary treatment for additional species of fruit flies.
1
To view the proposed rule and the comments we received, go to
http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocketDetail&d=APHIS=2007-0084.
We solicited comments concerning out proposal for 60 days ending November 19, 2007. We received two comments by that date. They were from a State agricultural agency and a private citizen. The comments supported the rule. One commenter did, however, suggest a few minor changes. They are discussed below.
The commenter, noting that we had proposed to revise the definition of
core area
to describe an area within a circle surrounding each site where fruit flies have been detected using a
1/2
mile radius with the detection site as a center point, stated his agency had found that using a square-mile section around the find is more conducive to actual trap placement than a radius.
As we stated in the proposed rule, our update to the definition of
core area
was intended to reflect the availability of GPS technology because we have determined that the use of GPS technology allows us to more accurately measure the distance from a positive detection site. Our change to the definition will not affect the ability of State or local agencies to carry out existing surveillance efforts or eradication treatment methods; it simply redefines the way we will identify the core area surrounding a detection site. In other words, this revision does not preclude State agencies from employing squared-off grids as a guide to place traps.
The commenter also suggested we revise references to “all other fruit flies” or “other species of insects in the family Tephritidae” since there are more than 4,000 species of Tephritids and not all of them are pests.
In the definition for
fruit fly (fruit flies)
found in the regulations, we specifically include “or other species of insects found in the family Tephritidae” in the definition because this reference provides us with the flexibility we need to regulate new fruit fly pests as the need arises; it does not mean that we consider all other species of insects found in the family Tephritidae to be pests. Similarly, while we do refer to “all fruit fly species of the Family Tephritidae” in § 305.2, “Approved treatments,” this does not mean that we consider all fruit flies species of the Family Tephritidae to be pests, only that the treatment has been shown to be effective against those species and has been approved for use.
Finally, the commenter suggested we combine the three soil treatments mentioned in § 301.32-10, paragraph (a), because they appear to be the same. We agree that these three treatments can be combined into one and we have revised § 301.32-10(a) in the final rule accordingly.
Quarantined Areas (§ 301.32-3)
In this final rule, we have updated § 301.32-3, “Quarantined areas,” to incorporate a different approach to listing quarantined areas and notifying the public of changes to those areas. In the proposed rule, we described a mechanism by which we would quarantine an area by providing written notification to the affected entities in that area, and then follow up by amending the regulations to add a description of the quarantined area. When sufficient time passed without additional fruit fly detections and it was time to lift the quarantine, the affected entities would be notified and we would amend the regulations to remove the description of the quarantined area.
Following the publication of the proposed rule, we amended
2
our regulations in 7 CFR part 301 by adding a new “Subpart-Potato Cyst Nematode” (§§ 301.86 through 301.86-9). In that new subpart, we employed a different approach to notifying the public about changes to quarantined areas. Rather than engaging in a process like that described in the previous paragraph, the new subpart describes the conditions under which fields will be added or removed from quarantine and uses the Internet and
Federal Register
notices inform the public of changes to the quarantined areas. When, for example, a field or area meets the criteria spelled out in the regulations for designation as a quarantined area, we publish a description of the quarantined area on a designated page on our Web site. The description of the quarantined area includes the date the description was last updated and a description of the changes that have been made to the quarantined area. The description of the quarantined area is also made available at any local office of the Agency's Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program. After a change is made to a quarantined area, we publish a notice in the
Federal Register
informing the public that the change has occurred and describing the change to the quarantined area.
2
See 72 FR 51975-51099. Docket No. APHIS-2006-0143, published September 12, 2007, and effective on November 1, 2007.
We believe that using this Internet- and notice-based approach will allow us to update and maintain the descriptions of quarantined areas under the consolidated fruit fly regulations with a
greater degree of timeliness and efficiency than would be possible under the older approach. Our criteria for designating and releasing quarantined areas will remain the same as was described in the proposed rule; the difference will be in where the list of quarantined areas is maintained and how changes to the list will be communicated. Because we will not be publishing descriptions of quarantined areas in the regulations, we will be able to update them more quickly if a fruit fly population subject to the regulations is detected, thus allowing us to take prompt action to prevent the spread of the fruit fly population and provide necessary information to affected parties in a timely manner. Accordingly, the quarantined areas that appeared in the proposed regulations, as well as quarantined areas that have been added since the publication of the proposed rule, will no longer appear in the regulations, but can be found at the PPQ Web site, as mentioned above. We believe our description of the criteria by which quarantined areas will be designated and how the quarantined area will be determined will provide adequate notice regarding the criteria by which we will make changes to the quarantined area.
Finally, in an interim rule published and effective on December 7, 2007 (72 FR 69137-69139, Docket No. APHIS-2007-0133), we added blueberries (
Vaccinium
spp.) as a regulated article for Mediterranean fruit fly. We have updated § 301.32-2(a) in this final rule to reflect that addition.
Therefore, for the reasons given in the proposed rule and in this document, we are adopting the proposed rule as a final rule, with the changes discussed in this document.
Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act
This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12866. The rule has been determined to be not significant for the purposes of Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has not been reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget.
We are combining the regulations regarding exotic fruit flies. These regulations, located in 7 CFR part 301, have been divided into separate subparts, each covering a different species of fruit fly and each containing parallel sections that are substantially similar to the corresponding sections in other subparts. This rule combines these sections into one subpart that will cover all fruit fly species. We are also modifying the regulations by adding a mechanism through which quarantined areas can be removed from regulation expeditiously and by expanding the availability of irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment.
The consolidation of the 66 sections to 11 sections under the new “Subpart—Fruit Flies” allows us to eliminate the duplicative regulatory text. This change is an administrative one without any direct economic effect on any entity.
The second change offers irradiation as one more treatment option for articles regulated because of Oriental, Melon, West Indian, or Sapote fruit flies. There are no areas currently quarantined because of any of these fruit fly species. If there were, the irradiation treatment option may benefit affected entities by providing them with an alternative means of treating regulated articles. We do not know how costs of irradiation treatment may compare to the costs of other treatments, but at least, entities now have a broader choice of options.
The third change affects the interstate movement of regulated articles directly by allowing producers of those commodities in an area that has been under quarantine to more quickly resume moving articles without first having to obtain a certificate or limited permit. Entities that may benefit from this change include fresh fruit producers, nurserymen and tree growers, and transportation entities such as long distance general freight trucking with storage, scheduled freight air transportation companies, and/or short line railroad transportation companies.
There are no significant alternatives to these actions; however, we do not anticipate that the economic effects of these actions will be significant. Any impacts on small entities would be attributable to the availability and the cost of irradiation as a treatment against all regulated fruit flies and to our ability to relieve quarantine-related restrictions on the interstate movement of regulated articles more quickly. The overall economic effects of these changes are expected to be positive, if minimal. We cannot estimate how many entities will be affected or what percentage of these entities will be small entities; those numbers depend entirely on the number and size of entities that might be present in a quarantined area at the time these provisions become effective or at any time thereafter. While the number of entities affected may eventually prove to be a large number of entities, most of which are likely to be small entities, the economic effects on those entities, while positive, would not be significant.
Under these circumstances, the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has determined that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Executive Order 12372
This program/activity is listed in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance under No. 10.025 and is subject to Executive Order 12372, which requires intergovernmental consultation with State and local officials. (See 7 CFR part 3015, subpart V.)
Executive Order 12988
This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform. This rule: (1) Preempts all State and local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with this rule; (2) has no retroactive effect; and (3) does not require administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in court challenging this rule.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This final rule contains no new information collection or recordkeeping requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501
et seq.
).
List of Subjects
7 CFR Part 301
Agricultural commodities, Plant diseases and pests, Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Transportation.
7 CFR Part 305
Irradiation, Phytosanitary treatment, Plant diseases and pests, Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Accordingly, we are amending 7 CFR parts 301 and 305 as follows:
PART 301—DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES
1. The authority citation for part 301 continues to read as follows:
Authority:
7 U.S.C. 7701-7772 and 7781-7786; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.
Section 301.75-15 issued under Sec. 204, Title II, Public Law 106-113, 113 Stat. 1501A-293; sections 301.75-15 and 301.75-16 issued under Sec. 203, Title II, Public Law 106-224, 114 Stat. 400 (7 U.S.C. 1421 note).
2. In part 301, a new “Subpart—Fruit Flies” (§§ 301.32 through 301.32-10) is added to read as follows:
Subpart—Fruit Flies
Sec.
301.32
Restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.
301.32-1
Definitions.
301.32-2
Regulated articles.
301.32-3
Quarantined areas.
301.32-4
Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.
301.32-5
Issuance and cancellation of certificates and limited permits.
301.32-6
Compliance agreements and cancellation.
301.32-7
Assembly and inspection of regulated articles.
301.32-8
Attachment and disposition of certificates and limited permits.
301.32-9
Costs and charges.
301.32-10
Treatments.
Subpart—Fruit Flies
§ 301.32
Restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.
(a) No person may move interstate from any quarantined area any regulated article except in accordance with this subpart.
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Permit and other requirements for the interstate movement of any of the fruit flies regulated under this subpart are contained in part 330 of this chapter.
(b) Section 414 of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7714) provides that the Secretary of Agriculture may, under certain conditions, hold, seize, quarantine, treat, apply other remedial measures to, destroy, or otherwise dispose of any plant, plant pest, plant product, article, or means of conveyance that is moving, or has moved into or through the United States or interstate if the Secretary has reason to believe the article is a plant pest or is infested with a plant pest at the time of movement.
§ 301.32-1
Definitions.
Administrator.
The Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, or any person authorized to act for the Administrator.
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture.
Certificate.
A document in which an inspector or person operating under a compliance agreement affirms that a specified regulated article is free of fruit flies and may be moved interstate to any destination.
Commercially produced.
Fruits and vegetables that an inspector identifies as having been produced for sale and distribution in mass markets. Such identification will be based on a variety of indicators, including, but not limited to: Quantity of produce, monocultural practices, pest management programs, good sanitation practices including destruction of culls, type of packaging, identification of grower or packinghouse on the packaging, and documents consigning the shipment to a wholesaler or retailer.
Compliance agreement.
A written agreement between APHIS and a person engaged in growing, handling, or moving regulated articles, wherein the person agrees to comply with this subpart.
Core area.
The area within a circle surrounding each site where fruit flies have been detected using a
1/2
-mile radius with the detection site as a center point.
Day degrees.
A unit of measurement used to measure the amount of heat required to further the development of fruit flies through their life cycle. Day-degree life cycle requirements are calculated through a modeling process specific for each species of fruit fly.
Departmental permit.
A document issued by the Administrator in which he or she affirms that interstate movement of the regulated article identified on the document is for scientific or experimental purposes and that the regulated article is eligible for interstate movement in accordance with § 301.32-4(c).
Dripline.
The line around the canopy of a plant.
Fruit fly (fruit flies).
The melon fruit fly, Mexican fruit fly, Mediterranean fruit fly, Oriental fruit fly, peach fruit fly, sapote fruit fly, or West Indian fruit fly, or other species of insects found in the family Tephritidae, collectively.
Infestation.
The presence of fruit flies or the existence of circumstances that makes it reasonable to believe that fruit flies are present.
Inspector.
Any employee of APHIS or other person authorized by the Administrator to enforce this subpart.
Interstate.
From any State into or through any other State.
Limited permit.
A document in which an inspector or person operating under a compliance agreement affirms that the regulated article identified on the document is eligible for interstate movement in accordance with § 301.32-5(b) only to a specified destination and only in accordance with specified conditions.
Mediterranean fruit fly.
The insect known as Mediterranean fruit fly,
Ceratitis capitata
(Wiedemann), in any stage of development.
Melon fruit fly.
The insect known as the melon fruit fly,
Bactrocera cucurbitae
(Coquillett), in any stage of development.
Mexican fruit fly.
The insect known as Mexican fruit fly,
Anastrepha ludens
(Loew), in any stage of development.
Move (moved, movement).
Shipped, offered to a common carrier for shipment, received for transportation or transported by a common carrier, or carried, transported, moved, or allowed to be moved.
Oriental fruit fly.
The insect known as Oriental fruit fly,
Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel), in any stage of development.
Peach fruit fly.
The insect known as peach fruit fly,
Anastrepha zonata
(Saunders), in any stage of development.
Person.
Any individual, partnership, corporation, association, joint venture, or other legal entity.
Plant Protection and Quarantine.
The organizational unit within the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service that has been delegated responsibility for enforcing provisions of the Plant Protection Act and related legislation, quarantines, and regulations.
Quarantined area.
Any State, or any portion of a State, designated as a quarantined area in accordance with § 301.32-3.
Regulated article.
Any article listed in § 301.32-2 or otherwise designated as a regulated article in accordance with § 301.32-2(d).
Sapote fruit fly.
The insect known as the sapote fruit fly,
Anastrepha serpentina
, in any stage of development.
State.
Any of the several States of the United States, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, or any other territory or possession of the United States.
West Indian fruit fly.
The insect known as the West Indian fruit fly,
Anastrepha obliqua
(Macquart), in any stage of development.
§ 301.32-2
Regulated articles.
(a) In the following table, the berry, fruit, nut, or vegetable listed in each row in the left column is a regulated article for each of the fruit fly species listed in that row in the right column, unless the article is canned, dried, or frozen below −17.8 °C (0 °F):
Botanical name
Common name(s)
Fruit fly
Abelmoschus esculentus
=
Hibiscus esculentus
Okra
Melon, Peach.
Acca sellowiana
=
Feijoa sellowiana
Pineapple guava
Mediterranean, Oriental, Peach.
Actinidia chinensis
Kiwi
Mediterranean.
Aegle marmelos
Indian bael
Peach.
Anacardium occidentale
Cashew
Oriental.
Annona cherimola
Cherimoya
Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Annona glabra
Pond-apple
Sapote.
Annona muricata
Soursop
Melon, Oriental, Peach.
Annona reticulata
Custard apple, Annona
Melon, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Annona squamosa
Custard apple
Peach.
Artocarpus altilis
Breadfruit
Oriental.
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Jackfruit
Oriental.
Averrhoa carambola
Carambola, Country gooseberry
Oriental, West Indian.
Benincasa hispida
Melon, Chinese
Melon.
Brassica juncea
Mustard, leaf
Melon.
Brassica oleracea
var.
botrytis
Cauliflower
Melon.
Brosimum alicastrum
Ramón
West Indian.
Byrsonima crassifolia
Nance
Sapote.
Calophyllum inophyllum
Alexandrian-laurel, Laurel
Oriental.
Cananga odorata
Ylang-Ylang
Oriental.
Capsicum annum
Pepper, chili
Mediterranean, Melon, Oriental.
Capsicum frutescens
Pepper, tabasco
Mediterranean, Melon.
Capsicum frutescens abbreviatum
Oriental bush red pepper
Oriental.
Capsicum frutescens
var.
grossum
Pepper, sweet
Oriental.
Carica papaya
Papaya
Mediterranean, Melon, Oriental, Peach.
Carissa grandiflora
Natal plum
Oriental.
Carissa macrocarpa
Natal plum
Mediterranean.
Casimiroa edulis
Sapote, white
Mediterranean.
Casimiroa greggii
=
Sargentia greggii
Sargentia, yellow chapote
Mexican.
Casimiroa
spp
Sapote
Mexican.
Cereus coerulescens
Cactus
Oriental.
Chrysophyllum cainito
Star apple
Oriental, Sapote.
Chrysophyllum oliviforme
Caimitillo
Oriental.
Citrofortunella japonica
Orange, calamondin
Peach.
Citrullus colocynthis
Colocynth
Melon.
Citrullus lanatus
=
Citrullus vulgaris
Watermelon
Melon, Peach.
Citrullus
spp
Melon
Melon.
Citrus aurantiifolia
Lime
Mediterranean, Mexican,
1
Oriental, Peach.
Citrus aurantium
Orange, sour
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Citrus jambhiri
Lemon, Rough
Mediterranean.
Citrus latifolia
Lime, Persian
Oriental.
Citrus limon
Lemon
Mediterranean,
2
Mexican,
3
Oriental, Peach.
Citrus limon
x
reticulata
Lemon, Meyer
Mediterranean.
Citrus madurensis
= x
Citrofortunella mitis
Orange, Panama
Sapote.
Citrus maxima
=
Citrus grandis
Pummelo or Shaddock
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Citrus medica
Citrus citron
Mediterranean, Mexican, Peach.
Citrus paradisi
Grapefruit
Mediterranean, Melon, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Citrus reticulata
Mandarin orange, tangerine
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Citrus reticulata
var.
Unshu
Orange, Unshu
Mediterranean, Oriental.
Citrus reticulata
x
C. sinensis
=
Citrus nobilis
Orange, king
Mediterranean, Melon, Oriental, Peach.
Citrus reticulata
x
Fortunella
Orange, calamondin
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental.
Citrus sinensis
Orange, sweet
Mediterranean, Melon, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Citrus
spp
Citrus
Sapote.
Clausena lansium
Wampi
Oriental.
Coccinia
spp
Gourds
Melon, Peach.
Coccoloba uvifera
Seagrape
Oriental.
Coffea arabica
Coffee, Arabian
Oriental.
Cresentia
spp
Gourds
Melon, Peach.
Cucumis melo
and
Cucumis melo
var.
Cantalupensis
Cantaloupe
Melon, Peach.
Cucumis melo
var.
conomon
Melon, oriental pickling
Melon.
Cucumis pubescens
and
Cucumis trigonus
Cucurbit
Melon.
Cucumis sativus
Cucumber
Melon, Oriental, Peach.
Cucumis utilissimus
Melon, long
Peach.
Cucurbita maxima
Squash
Melon.
Cucurbita moschata
Pumpkin, Canada
Melon.
Cucurbita pepo
Pumpkin
Melon.
Cydonia oblonga
Quince
Mexican, Mediterranean, Oriental, Peach, Sapote.
Cyphomandra betaceae
Tomato, tree
Melon.
Diospyros digyna
Black sapote
Sapote.
Diospyros discolor
Velvet apple
Oriental.
Diospyros khaki
Japanese persimmon
Mediterranean, Oriental.
Diospyros
spp
Sapote
Sapote, West Indian.
Dovyalis hebecarpa
Kitembilla
Oriental, Sapote, West Indian.
Dracena draco
Dragon tree
Oriental.
Elaeocarpus angustifolius
Blue marbletree; New Guinea quandong
Peach.
Elaeocarpus grandiflorus
Lily of the valley tree
Peach.
Elaeocarpus madopetalus
Ma-kok-nam
Peach.
Eriobotrya japonica
Loquat
Mediterranean, Oriental, Peach, West Indian.
Eugenia brasiliensis
=
E. dombeyi
Brazil-cherry, grumichama
Mediterranean, Oriental, Peach.
Eugenia malaccensis
Malay apple
Oriental.
Eugenia uniflora
Surinam cherry
Mediterranean, Oriental, Peach.
Euphoria longan
Longan
Oriental.
Ficus benghalensis
Fig, Banyan
Peach.
Ficus carica
Fig
Mediterranean, Melon, Oriental, Peach.
Ficus macrophylla
Fig, Moreton Bay
Peach.
Ficus retusa
Fig, glossy leaf
Peach.
Ficus rubiginosa
Fig, Port Jackson
Peach.
Ficus
spp
Fig
Peach.
Fortunella japonica
Chinese Orange, Kumquat
Mediterranean, Oriental, Peach.
Garcinia celebica
Gourka
Oriental.
Garcinia mangostana
Mangosteen
Oriental.
Grewia asiatica
Phalsa
Peach.
Jubaea chilensis
=
Jubaea spectabilis
Syrup palm
Oriental.
Juglans hindsii
Walnut
Oriental.
Juglans regia
Walnut, English
Oriental.
Juglans
spp
Walnut with husk
Mediterranean.
Lablab purpureus
subsp.
purpureus
=
Dolichos lablab
Bean, hyacinth
Melon.
Lagenaria
spp
Gourds
Melon, Peach.
Luffa acutangula
Gourd, ribbed or ridged, luffa
Peach.
Luffa aegyptiaca
Gourd, smooth luffa, sponge
Peach.
Luffa
spp
Gourds
Melon, Peach.
Luffa vulgaris
Gourd
Peach.
Lychee chinensis
Lychee nut
Oriental.
Lycopersicon esculentum
Tomato
Mediterranean, Melon,
4
Oriental,
4
Peach
4
.
Madhuca indica
=
Bassia latifolia
Mahua, mowra-buttertree
Peach.
Malpighia glabra
Cherry, Barbados
Oriental, West Indian.
Malpighia punicifolia
West Indian cherry
Oriental.
Malus sylvestris
Apple
Mediterranean, Melon, Mexican, Oriental, Sapote, Peach.
Mammea americana
Mammy apple
Mexican, Oriental, Peach, Sapote.
Mangifera foetida
Mango, Bachang
Peach.
Mangifera indica
Mango
All.
Mangifera odorata
Kuine
Peach.
Manilkara hexandra
Sapodilla, balata
Peach.
Manilkara jaimiqui
subsp.
emarginata
Sapodilla, wild
Peach.
Manilkara zapota
Sapodilla, chiku
Oriental, Peach, Sapote, West Indian.
Mimusops elengi
Spanish cherry
Mediterranean, Oriental.
Momordica balsamina
Balsam apple, hawthorn
Peach.
Momordica charantia
Balsam pear, bitter melon
Peach.
Momordica cochinchinensis
Balsam apple, gac
Peach.
Momordica
spp
Gourds
Melon, Peach.
Morus nigra
Mulberry
Oriental.
Murraya exotica
Mock orange
Mediterranean, Oriental.
Musa
x
paradisiaca
=
Musa paradisiaca
subsp.
sapientum
Banana
Oriental.
Musa acuminata
=
Musa nana
Banana, dwarf
Oriental.
Ochrosia elliptica
Orange, bourbon
Peach.
Olea europea
Olive
Mediterranean.
Opuntia ficus-indica
=
Opuntia megacantha
Prickly pear
Oriental.
Opuntia
spp
Opuntia cactus
Mediterranean.
Passiflora edulis
Passionflower, passionfruit, yellow lilikoi
Melon, Oriental, West Indian.
Passiflora laurifolia
Lemon, water
Melon.
Passiflora ligularis
Granadilla, sweet
Oriental.
Passiflora quadrangularis
Granadilla, giant
West Indian.
Passiflora tripartita
var.
mollissima
Passionflower, softleaf
Oriental.
Persea americana
Avocado
Mediterranean, Melon, Mexican, Oriental, Peach, Sapote.
Phaseolus lunatus
=
Phaseolus limensis
Bean, lima
Melon.
Phaseolus vulgaris
Bean, mung
Melon.
Phoenix dactylifera
Date palm
Mediterranean, Melon, Oriental, Peach.
Planchonia careya
=
Careya arborea
Patana oak, kumbhi
Peach.
Pouteria caimito
Abiu
Sapote.
Pouteria campechiana
Eggfruit tree
Oriental, Sapote.
Pouteria obovata
Lucmo
Sapote.
Pouteria viridis
Sapote, green
Sapote.
Prunus americana
Plum, American
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Prunus armeniaca
Apricot
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Prunus avium
Sweet cherry
Mediterranean, Peach.
Prunus cerasus
Sour cherry
Mediterranean, Peach.
Prunus domestica
Plum, European
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Prunus dulcis
=
P. amygdalus
Almond with husk
Mediterranean, Peach
5
.
Prunus ilicifolia
Cherry, Catalina
Oriental, Peach.
Prunus lusitanica
Cherry, Portuguese
Oriental, Peach.
Prunus persica
Peach
All.
Prunus persica
var.
nectarine
Nectarine
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Prunus salicina
Japanese plum
Mediterranean, Mexican, Peach, West Indian.
Prunus salicina
x
Prunus cerasifera
Methley plum
Peach.
Psidium cattleianum
Strawberry guava, Cattley guava
Mediterranean, Melon, Oriental.
Psidium cattleianum
var.
cattleianum f. lucidum
Yellow strawberry guava
Peach.
Psidium cattleianum
var.
littorale
Red strawberry guava
Oriental, West Indian, Peach.
Psidium guajava
Guava
All.
Punica granatum
Pomegranate
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach.
Pyrus communis
Pear
All.
Pyrus pashia
Kaeuth
Peach.
Pyrus pyrifolia
Pear, sand
Peach.
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa
Myrtle, downy rose
Oriental.
Sandoricum koetjape
Santol
Oriental.
Santalum album
Sandalwood, white
Oriental.
Santalum paniculatum
Sandalwood
Oriental.
Sapotaceae
Sapota, Sapodilla
Mexican.
Sechium edule
Chayote
Melon.
Sesbania grandiflora
Scarlet wisteria tree
Melon.
Sicyes
sp
Cucumber, bur
Melon.
Solanum aculeatissimum
Nightshade
Peach.
Solanum mauritianum
=
S. auriculatum
Tobacco, wild
Peach.
Solanum melongena
Eggplant
Mediterranean,
6
Melon, Peach.
Solanum muricatum
Pepino
Oriental, Peach.
Solanum pseudocapsicum
Jerusalem cherry
Oriental, Peach.
Solanum seaforthianum
Nightshade, Brazilian
Peach.
Solanum verbascifolium
Nightshade, Mullein
Peach.
Spondias dulcis
=
Spondias cytherea
Otaheite apple, Jew plum
Oriental, West Indian.
Spondias mombin
Hog-plum
Sapote, West Indian.
Spondias purpurea
Red mombin
Sapote, West Indian.
Spondias
spp
Spanish plum, purple mombin or Ciruela
Mexican.
Spondias tuberose
Imbu
Oriental.
Syzygium aquem
Water apple, watery roseapple
Peach.
Syzygium cumini
Java plum, jambolana
Peach.
Syzygium jambos
=
Eugenia jambos
Rose apple
Mediterranean, Mexican, Oriental, Peach, West Indian.
Syzygium malaccense
=
Eugenia malaccensis
Mountain apple, Malay apple
Mediterranean, Peach, West Indian.
Syzygium samarangense
Java apple
Peach.
Terminalia bellirica
Myrobalan, belleric
Peach.
Terminalia catappa
Tropical almond
Oriental, Peach.
Terminalia chebula
Myrobalan, black or chebulic
Mediterranean, Oriental, Peach.
Thevetia peruviana
Yellow oleander
Mediterranean, Oriental.
Trichosanthis
spp
Gourds
Melon, Peach.
Vaccinium
spp
Blueberry
Mediterranean.
Vigna unguiculata
Cowpea
Melon.
Vitis
spp
Grapes
Mediterranean, Oriental.
Vitis trifolia
Grape
Melon.
Wikstroemia phillyreifolia
Akia
Oriental.
Ziziphus mauritiana
Chinese date, jujube
Peach.
1
Sour limes are not regulated articles for Mexican fruit fly.
2
Smooth-skinned lemons harvested for packing by commercial packinghouses are not regulated articles for Mediterranean fruit fly.
3
Eureka, Lisbon, and Villa Franca cultivars (smooth-skinned sour lemon) are not regulated articles for Mexican fruit fly.
4
Only pink and red ripe tomatoes are regulated articles for melon, Oriental, and peach fruit flies.
5
Harvested almonds with dried husks are not regulated articles for peach fruit fly.
6
Commercially produced eggplants are not regulated articles for Mediterranean fruit fly.
(b) Plants of the following species in the family Curcurbitaceae are regulated articles for the melon fruit fly only:
Cantaloupe (
Cucumis melo
)
Chayote (
Sechium edule
)
Colocynth (
Citrullus colocynthis
)
Cucumber (
Cucumis sativus
)
Cucumber, bur (
Sicyes
spp.)
Cucurbit (
Cucumis pubescens
and
C. trigonus
)
Cucurbit, wild (
Cucumis trigonus
)
Gherkin, West India (
Cucumis angaria
)
Gourds (
Coccinia, Cresentia, Lagenaria, Luffa, Momordica,
and
Trichosanthis
spp.)
Gourd, angled luffa (
Luffa acutangula
)
Gourd, balsam apple (
Momordica balsaminia
)
Gourd, ivy (
Coccinia grandis
)
Gourd, kakari (
Momordica dioica
)
Gourd, serpent cucumber (
Trichosanthis anguina
)
Gourd, snake (
Trichosanthis cucumeroides
)
Gourd, sponge (
Luffa aegyptiaca
)
Gourd, white flowered (
Lagenaria siceraria
)
Melon, Chinese (
Benincasa hispida
)
Melon, long (
Cucumis utilissimus
)
Pumpkin (
Cucurbita pepo
)
Pumpkin, Canada (
Cucurbita moschata
)
Squash (
Cucurbita maxima
)
Watermelon (
Citrullus lanatus
=
Citrullus vulgaris
)
(c) Soil within the dripline of the plants listed in paragraph (b) of this section or plants that are producing or have produced any article listed in paragraph (a) of this section.
(d) Any other product, article, or means of conveyance not listed in paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section that an inspector determines presents a risk of spreading fruit flies, when the inspector notifies the person in possession of the product, article, or means of conveyance that it is subject to the restrictions of this subpart.
§ 301.32-3
Quarantined areas.
(a)
Designation of quarantined areas.
In accordance with the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this section, the Administrator will designate as a quarantined area each State, or each portion of a State, in which a fruit fly population subject to the regulations in this subpart has been found by an inspector, or in which the Administrator has reason to believe that a fruit fly population is present, or that the Administrator considers necessary to quarantine because of its inseparability for quarantine enforcement purposes from localities in which a fruit fly population has been found. The Administrator will publish the description of the quarantined area on the Plant Protection and Quarantine Web site,
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/fruit_flies/index.shtml.
The description of the quarantined area will include the date the description was last updated and a description of the changes that have been made to the quarantined area. The description of the quarantined area may also be obtained by request from any local office of PPQ; local offices are listed in telephone directories. After a change is made to the quarantined area, we will publish a notice in the
Federal Register
informing the public that the change has occurred and describing the change to the quarantined area.
(b)
Designation of an area less than an entire State as a quarantined area.
Less than an entire State will be designated as a quarantined area only if the Administrator determines that:
(1) The State has adopted and is enforcing restrictions on the intrastate movement of the regulated articles that are equivalent to those imposed by this subpart on the interstate movement of regulated articles; and
(2) The designation of less than the entire State as a quarantined area will prevent the interstate spread of the fruit fly.
(c)
Criteria for designation of a State, or a portion of a State, as a quarantined area.
A State, or a portion of a State, will be designated as a quarantined area when a fruit fly population has been found in that area by an inspector, when the Administrator has reason to believe that the fruit fly is present in that area, or when the Administrator considers it necessary to quarantine that area because of its inseparability for quarantine enforcement purposes from localities in which the fruit fly has been found.
(d)
Removal of a State, or a portion of a State, from quarantine.
A State, or a portion of a State, will be removed from quarantine when the Administrator determines that sufficient time has passed without finding additional flies or other evidence of infestation in the area to conclude that the fruit fly no longer exists in that area.
§ 301.32-4
Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.
Any regulated article may be moved interstate from a quarantined area
2
only if moved under the following conditions:
2
Requirements under all other applicable Federal domestic plant quarantines and regulations must also be met.
(a) With a certificate or limited permit issued and attached in accordance with §§ 301.32-5 and 301.32-8;
(b) Without a certificate or limited permit if:
(1) The regulated article originated outside the quarantined area and is either moved in an enclosed vehicle or is completely enclosed by a covering adequate to prevent access by fruit flies (such as canvas, plastic, or other closely woven cloth) while moving through the quarantined area; and
(2) The point of origin of the regulated article is indicated on the waybill, and the enclosed vehicle or the enclosure that contains the regulated article is not opened, unpacked, or unloaded in the quarantined area; and
(3) The regulated article is moved through the quarantined area without stopping except for refueling or for traffic conditions, such as traffic lights or stop signs.
(c) Without a certificate or limited permit if the regulated article is moved:
(1) By the United States Department of Agriculture for experimental or scientific purposes;
(2) Pursuant to a permit issued by the Administrator for the regulated article;
(3) Under conditions specified on the permit and found by the Administrator to be adequate to prevent the spread of fruit flies; and
(4) With a tag or label bearing the number of the permit issued for the regulated article attached to the outside of the container of the regulated article or attached to the regulated article itself if not in a container.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0088)
§ 301.32-5
Issuance and cancellation of certificates and limited permits.
(a) A certificate may be issued by an inspector
3
for the interstate movement of a regulated article if the inspector determines that:
3
Services of an inspector may be requested by contacting local PPQ offices, which are listed in telephone directories.
(1)(i) The regulated article has been treated under the direction of an inspector in accordance with § 301.32-10; or
(ii) Based on inspection of the premises of origin, the premises are free from fruit flies; or
(iii) Based on inspection of the regulated article, the regulated article is free of fruit flies; and
(2) The regulated article will be moved through the quarantined area in an enclosed vehicle or will be completely enclosed by a covering adequate to prevent access by fruit flies; and
(3) The regulated article is to be moved in compliance with any additional emergency conditions the Administrator may impose under section 414 of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7714) to prevent the spread of fruit flies; and
(4) The regulated article is eligible for unrestricted movement under all other Federal domestic plant quarantines and regulations applicable to the regulated article.
(b) An inspector
4
will issue a limited permit for the interstate movement of a regulated article if the inspector determines that:
4
See footnote 3.
(1) The regulated article is to be moved interstate to a specified
destination for specified handling, processing, or utilization (the destination and other conditions to be listed in the limited permit), and this interstate movement will not result in the spread of fruit flies because life stages of the fruit flies will be destroyed by the specified handling, processing, or utilization;
(2) The regulated article is to be moved in compliance with any additional emergency conditions the Administrator may impose under section 414 of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7714) to prevent the spread of fruit flies; and
(3) The regulated article is eligible for interstate movement under all other Federal domestic plant quarantines and regulations applicable to the regulated article.
(c) Certificates and limited permits for the interstate movement of regulated articles may be issued by an inspector or person operating under a compliance agreement. A person operating under a compliance agreement may issue a certificate for the interstate movement of a regulated article if an inspector has determined that the regulated article is eligible for a certificate in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section. A person operating under a compliance agreement may issue a limited permit for interstate movement of a regulated article when an inspector has determined that the regulated article is eligible for a limited permit in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Any certificate or limited permit that has been issued may be withdrawn, either orally or in writing, by an inspector if he or she determines that the holder of the certificate or limited permit has not complied with all conditions in this subpart for the use of the certificate or limited permit. If the withdrawal is oral, the withdrawal and the reasons for the withdrawal will be confirmed in writing as promptly as circumstances allow. Any person whose certificate or limited permit has been withdrawn may appeal the decision in writing to the Administrator within 10 days after receiving the written notification of the withdrawal. The appeal must state all of the facts and reasons upon which the person relies to show that the certificate or limited permit was wrongfully withdrawn. As promptly as circumstances allow, the Administrator will grant or deny the appeal, in writing, stating the reasons for the decision. A hearing will be held to resolve any conflict as to any material fact. Rules of practice concerning a hearing will be adopted by the Administrator.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0088)
§ 301.32-6
Compliance agreements and cancellation.
(a) Any person engaged in growing, handling, or moving regulated articles may enter into a compliance agreement when an inspector determines that the person is aware of this subpart, agrees to comply with its provisions, and agrees to comply with all the provisions contained in the compliance agreement.
5
5
Compliance agreement forms are available without charge from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Emergency and Domestic Programs, 4700 River Road Unit 134, Riverdale, MD 20737-1236, and from local PPQ offices, which are listed in telephone directories.
(b) Any compliance agreement may be canceled, either orally or in writing, by an inspector whenever the inspector finds that the person who has entered into the compliance agreement has failed to comply with any of the conditions of this subpart or with any of the provisions of the compliance agreement. If the cancellation is oral, the cancellation and the reasons for the cancellation will be confirmed in writing as promptly as circumstances allow. Any person whose compliance agreement has been canceled may appeal the decision, in writing, within 10 days after receiving written notification of the cancellation. The appeal must state all of the facts and reasons upon which the person relies to show that the compliance agreement was wrongfully canceled. As promptly as circumstances allow, the Administrator will grant or deny the appeal, in writing, stating the reasons for the decision. A hearing will be held to resolve any conflict as to any material fact. Rules of practice concerning a hearing will be adopted by the Administrator.
§ 301.32-7
Assembly and inspection of regulated articles.
(a) Any person, other than a person authorized to issue certificates or limited permits under § 301.32-5(c), who desires to move a regulated article interstate accompanied by a certificate or limited permit must notify an inspector
6
as far in advance of the desired interstate movement as possible, but no less than 48 hours before the desired interstate movement.
6
See footnote 3 to § 301.32-5(a).
(b) The regulated article must be assembled at the place and in the manner the inspector designates as necessary to comply with this subpart.
§ 301.32-8
Attachment and disposition of certificates and limited permits.
(a) A certificate or limited permit required for the interstate movement of a regulated article must, at all times during the interstate movement, be:
(1) Attached to the outside of the container containing the regulated article; or
(2) Attached to the regulated article itself if not in a container; or
(3) Attached to the consignee's copy of the accompanying waybill: Provided, however, that if the certificate or limited permit is attached to the consignee's copy of the waybill, the regulated article must be sufficiently described on the certificate or limited permit and on the waybill to identify the regulated article.
(b) The certificate or limited permit for the interstate movement of a regulated article must be furnished by the carrier to the consignee listed on the certificate or limited permit upon arrival at the location provided on the certificate or limited permit.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0088)
§ 301.32-9
Costs and charges.
The services of the inspector during normal business hours (8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, except holidays) will be furnished without cost. The user will be responsible for all costs and charges arising from inspection and other services provided outside normal business hours.
§ 301.32-10
Treatments.
Treatment schedules listed in part 305 of this chapter to destroy fruit flies are authorized for use on regulated articles. The following treatments also may be used for the regulated articles indicated:
(a)
Soil within the dripline of plants that are producing or have produced regulated articles listed § 301.32(a) or (b)
. The following soil treatments may be used: Apply diazinon at the rate of 5 pounds active ingredient per acre to the soil within the dripline with sufficient water to wet the soil to at least a depth of 0.5 inch. Both immersion and pour-on treatment procedures are also acceptable.
(b)
Premises
. Fields, groves, or areas that are located within a quarantined area but outside the infested core area and that produce regulated articles may receive regular treatments with either malathion or spinosad bait spray as an alternative to treating fruits and vegetables as provided in part 305 of this chapter. These treatments must take place at 6- to 10-day intervals, starting a sufficient time before harvest (but not less than 30 days before harvest) to
allow for development of fruit fly egg and larvae. Determination of the time period must be based on the day degrees model for the specific fruit fly. Once treatment has begun, it must continue through the harvest period. The malathion bait spray treatment must be applied by aircraft or ground equipment at a rate of 2.4 oz of technical grade malathion and 9.6 oz of protein hydrolysate per acre. The spinosad bait spray treatment must be applied by aircraft or ground equipment at a rate of 0.01 oz of a USDA-approved spinosad formulation and 48 oz of protein hydrolysate per acre. For ground applications, the mixture may be diluted with water to improve coverage.
Subpart—Mexican Fruit Fly Quarantine and Regulations [Removed]
3. Subpart—Mexican Fruit Fly Quarantine and Regulations, consisting of §§ 301.64 through 301.64-10, is removed.
Subpart—Mediterranean Fruit Fly [Removed]
4. Subpart—Mediterranean Fruit Fly, consisting of §§ 301.78 through 301.78-10, is removed.
Subpart—Oriental Fruit Fly [Removed]
5. Subpart—Oriental Fruit Fly, consisting of §§ 301.93 through 301.93-10, is removed.
Subpart—Melon Fruit Fly [Removed]
6. Subpart—Melon Fruit Fly, consisting of §§ 301.97 through 301.97-10, is removed.
Subpart—West Indian Fruit Fly [Removed]
7. Subpart—West Indian Fruit Fly, consisting of §§ 301.98 through 301.98-10, is removed.
Subpart—Sapote Fruit Fly [Removed]
8. Subpart—Sapote Fruit Fly, consisting of §§ 301.99 through 301.99-10, is removed.
PART 305—PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS
9. The authority citation for part 305 continues to read as follows:
Authority:
7 U.S.C. 7701-7772 and 7781-7786; 21 U.S.C. 136 and 136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.
10. In § 305.2, the table in paragraph (h)(2)(ii) is amended by removing, in the entry for “Areas in the United States under Federal quarantine for the listed pest”, the entries for “Any fruit listed in § 301.64-2(a) of this chapter” and “Any article listed in § 301.78-2(a) of this chapter” and adding a new entry in their place to read as set forth below.
§ 305.2
Approved treatments.
(h) * * *
(2) * * *
(ii) * * *
Location
Commodity
Pest
Treatment schedule
Areas in the United States under Federal quarantine for the listed pest.
IR.
* * * * * * *
Any fruit or article listed in § 301.32-2(a) of this chapter
All fruit fly species of the Family Tephritidae
* * * * * * *
§ 305.32
[Amended]
11. Section 305.32 is amended as follows:
a. In the section heading, by removing the words “Mexican fruit fly” and adding the words “fruit flies” in their place.
b. In the introductory text, by removing the word “fruit” and adding the words “berry, fruit, nut, or vegetable” in its place, and by removing the citation “§ 301.64-2(a)” and adding the citation “§ 301.32-2(a)” in its place.
c. In paragraph (a)(1), by removing the words “Mexican fruit fly” and adding the words “the fruit fly of concern” in their place, and by removing the words “the fruit” and adding the words “the regulated articles” in their place.
d. In paragraph (a)(2), by removing the words “fruit, except that fruit” and adding the words “regulated articles, except that articles” in their place.
e. In paragraph (a)(3), by removing the citation “§ 301.64-6” and adding the citation “§ 301.32-6” in its place.
f. In paragraph (d), by removing the words “Mexican fruit fly” and adding the words “the fruit fly of concern” in their place.
g. In paragraph (e)(2), by removing the words “Mexican fruit fly” and adding the words “the fruit fly of concern” in their place.
h. In paragraph (i), by removing the words “Mexican fruit fly” and adding the words “fruit flies” in their place, and by adding the words “and vegetables” after the word “fruits”.
i. In the OMB control number citation at the end of the section, by removing the control number “0579-0215” and adding the control number “0579-0088” in its place.
§ 305.33
[Removed and reserved]
12. Section 305.33 is removed and reserved.
§ 305.34
[Amended]
13. Section 305.34 is amended by redesignating footnotes 15 through 19 as footnotes 10 through 14, respectively.
Done in Washington, DC, this 3rd day of June 2008.
Kevin Shea,
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[FR Doc. E8-12858 Filed 6-6-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-34-P
This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.