Revision of Certification Requirements: Aircraft Dispatchers

SUMMARY: This final rule amends eligibility and certification

requirements for aircraft dispatchers. The existing regulations

prescribing these requirements do not reflect the significant

technological advances that have occurred in the aviation industry and

the enhancements in training and instructional methods that have

affected all aircraft dispatchers. This final rule consolidates and

clarifies eligibility, knowledge, experience, and skill requirements

for aircraft dispatchers, enhances the technical capabilities of

aircraft dispatchers, and increases the level of professionalism among

aircraft dispatchers.

EFFECTIVE DATES: April 6, 2000.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James E. Gardner, Air Transportation

Division, Air Carrier Operations Branch, AFS-220, Federal Aviation

Administration, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591;

telephone (202) 267-9579.

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Background

In keeping with the FAA's policy of reviewing and updating

regulations to ensure that they are consistent with changes in the

aviation environment, the FAA, with the assistance of the Aviation

Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ARAC), reviewed part 65, subpart C, and

appendix A of 14 CFR part 65 that pertain to aircraft dispatchers. In

the preceding 30 years, few changes have been made to the dispatcher

certification requirements, although numerous technological advances in

the aviation industry and concerns over changes in operational

practices and training methods have occurred.

In October 1993, an industry task force concluded an initial

investigation of part 65, subpart C. The task force's objective was to

determine whether part 65, subpart C, needed to be updated, what

specific sections required updating, and whether industry, training

schools, and FAA examiners were of the same opinion. The task force was

comprised of representatives of airlines, associations, unions,

academia, and other interested parties. The Airline Dispatch Federation

(ADF) coordinated these activities. The task force found that

technology had outpaced the current regulations. The task force also

found that various designated examiners and FAA regional offices were

interpreting several of the regulations in a manner inconsistent with

each other and FAA headquarters. The results of this informal task

force study were presented at several ADF quarterly meetings.

On September 27, 1993, the Transport Workers Union Local 542 of

Euless, TX, petitioned the FAA to request a regulatory review of part

65, subpart C, and appendix A. On November 10, 1993, the FAA requested

the ARAC to review the initial certification training requirements of

aircraft dispatchers. The ARAC formed a ``Dispatch Working Group'' to

complete this assignment (59 FR 3155, January 20, 1994). The ARAC

tasked this working group to conduct a review of the certification

requirements for aircraft dispatchers. On October 19, 1998, the FAA

published a proposal as a result of the ARAC's recommendations (63 FR

55920). There has been only one substantive change from the NPRM. The

FAA proposed to allow operating limitations on a dispatcher's

certificate if the applicant was unable to read, speak, write, or

understand the English language due to medical reasons. The FAA is not

going forward with this proposal. For a more detailed discussion of

this issue, see the Principal Issues section of the preamble. In

addition, several editorial and clarifying changes have been made to

the rule language proposed in the NPRM.

General Discussion of the Amendments

The amendments cover a broad range of issues affecting the

certification of aircraft dispatchers. The amendments:

1. Establish a minimum age to be eligible to take the knowledge

test required by Sec. 65.55.

2. Update the experience requirements in Sec. 65.57 for an aircraft

dispatcher certificate.

3. Allow the equivalent experience finding under Sec. 65.57(a)(4)

to be made only by the Administrator.

4. Retain the current basic dispatch certificate without

introducing a system of ratings or limitations.

5. Eliminate duplication of certain educational requirements by

relocating them from current subpart C to appendix A.

6. Relocate information concerning initial and continued

eligibility for dispatcher certification courses, training facilities,

instruction, and records from appendix A to subpart C.

7. Add an ``overview'' paragraph to appendix A that contains

general information about aircraft dispatcher training courses.

8. Revise appendix A to include a new training outline that adds

new subjects, e.g., ``emergency and abnormal procedure.''

9. Eliminate sub-category training hour requirements from appendix

A

[[Page 68917]]

while retaining total course hour requirements.

10. Introduce ``human factors'' training during initial

certification.

11. Introduce in appendix A a training outline that allows training

to change as technology changes, without the need for a rule change, by

making the following changes:

(a) Stating the training outline in general terms so that future

technological enhancements or changes in operational practices can be

readily added.

(b) Linking appendix A to the Dispatch Practical Test Standards

(PTS) guide, thus allowing training requirements to be revised.

Principal Issues

Revision of Sec. 65.53 Eligibility Requirements

Section 65.53 adds a minimum age requirement of 21 years to be

eligible to take the knowledge test. The minimum age requirement to be

eligible for an aircraft dispatcher certificate is still 23 years of

age. The FAA added this provision to clear up confusion among training

centers and to provide a standard policy. Currently, confusion among

training centers exists when prospective dispatchers take both the

knowledge and practical exams prior to reaching their 23rd birthday.

Some training centers find this practice acceptable and delay

certificate issuance until the age requirement is met. Other training

centers find this practice unacceptable and do not allow an applicant

to take the knowledge test until the applicant is 23 years of age. As a

practical matter, adding a minimum age requirement of 21 years is not a

substantative change under Sec. 65.55(b) since a passing grade on a

written test is only valid for 24 months after the date the test is

given.

In addition, the term ``knowledge test'' replaces ``written test''

because the term ``knowledge test'' is a more inclusive term, referring

to either a test administered with pencil and paper or by computer.

Finally, the FAA is adding a requirement and eliminating an

exception to the English language requirements for flight dispatchers.

The FAA has determined, for safety concerns, that operations in the

National Airspace System (NAS) require a basic command of the English

language. Therefore, it has added the requirement that, to be eligible

for a dispatcher certificate, a person must be able to write English in

addition to the current requirements of reading, speaking, and

understanding the English language. The NPRM also proposed to permit

limitations to be placed on a dispatcher certificate if a medical

condition prevented the applicant from reading, writing, speaking, or

understanding the English language. The FAA is not going forward with

this proposal because it has determined that a dispatcher cannot

perform safely without being able to read, write, speak, and understand

the English language.

Revision of Sec. 65.57 Experience or Training Requirements

Section 65.57 is reorganized and retitled to provide more clarity.

In the past, there has been some confusion regarding whether experience

requirements can be combined with training requirements or whether a

person must meet the experience requirements and accomplish the

training requirements. This final rule retitles this section and

separates the experience requirements from the training requirements to

make it clear that a person applying for an aircraft dispatcher

certificate must meet either the experience requirements or the

training requirements. In addition, this final rule reorganizes the

experience requirements by separating military experience, part 121 air

carrier operations experience (14 CFR part 121), and other aircraft

operations experience. As a result, specific experience is delineated

to the appropriate category, making the experience requirements easier

to understand.

Further, air carrier operations are changed from ``scheduled air

carrier'' to ``operations conducted under part 121 of this chapter'' to

ensure that experience is verifiable and applicable. Experience as a

radio operator is no longer accepted because the FAA has determined

that radio operators do not have sufficient experience in such subject

areas as meteorology, weight and balance, emergency procedures,

applicable regulations, aeronautical charts, and flight planning. Also,

the experience for air traffic controllers is expanded to include

``Flight Service Specialist.'' Flight Service Specialists are required

to have knowledge and perform in the following areas: meteorology, air

traffic control, pilot briefings, flight planning, aeronautical charts,

and emergency procedures. Accordingly, the FAA has determined that the

experience gained as a Flight Service Specialist is applicable to

experience needed as an aircraft dispatcher.

In addition, Sec. 65.57(a)(4) in this final rule states that the

Administrator can make a finding of equivalent experience. The NPRM

used the term ``Administrator's representative'', and specified that

such a representative must be a certificated aircraft dispatcher. The

FAA modified the language to use the term ``Administrator'' since the

term ``Administrator's representative'' is too inclusive; it includes

designated aircraft dispatcher examiners (as authorized under part 183

of this chapter) but does not include FAA inspectors. In addition, it

is redundant to state that the Administrator's representative must hold

an aircraft dispatcher certificate since this is already required by

internal FAA Orders. The requirements for FAA personnel are handled

through internal Orders as well, and changes may be made regarding FAA

inspectors and the requirement to hold an aircraft dispatcher

certificate if the FAA determines such a requirement is needed.

Finally, this section changes the number of years of experience an

assistant aircraft dispatcher may use to meet the experience

requirements for an aircraft dispatcher certificate. Under the current

rule, an applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate may meet the

experience requirements for an aircraft dispatcher certificate by

demonstrating that he or she works as an assistant in dispatching

aircraft while under the direct supervision of a certificated aircraft

dispatcher for a total of at least one out of the two years before the

date he or she applies for the certificate. Under this amendment, the

number of years of assistant aircraft dispatcher experience changes to

two out of the last three years before the date the applicant applies

for the certificate. This change standardizes the number of years of

experience required for all accepted areas of experience and gives the

assistant aircraft dispatcher an additional opportunity to gain

experience in a variety of program areas similar to those areas taught

in certificated aircraft dispatcher courses. The ARAC recommended the

changes described above to the current experience requirements because

of its determination that only the proposed experience requirements

warrant being considered equivalent to the instruction received in an

approved aircraft dispatcher course. In addition, the FAA is clarifying

the language in paragraph (b) and codifying existing practice regarding

training requirements.

Knowledge and Skill Requirements

Under the current regulations for aircraft dispatchers, information

contained in the knowledge and skill

[[Page 68918]]

sections (Secs. 65.55 and 65.59) was duplicated in the appendix to part

65 (Aircraft Dispatcher Courses). This final rule removes this

redundancy by moving detailed training requirements set out in current

Secs. 65.55(a)(1) through (8) and 65.59(a) through (e) to appendix A.

This reorganization makes the rules clearer and easier to follow.

Realignment of Regulations and Training Material

The requirements for obtaining approval of an aircraft dispatcher

certification course covering required training facilities,

instruction, and records that were at the end of appendix A are now

included in subpart C. This material is relocated to Secs. 65.61,

65.63, 65.65, 65.67, and 65.70. Since this material contains what are

in fact eligibility requirements, it is more appropriate in the text of

the regulation than in an appendix. Sections 65.63, 65.65, 65.67, and

65.70 are new.

As previously mentioned, detailed training material from the

Knowledge and Skill sections of part 65 that describe course curriculum

are being moved into appendix A. With this realignment, all eligibility

requirements are contained in subpart C and all course related training

material in appendix A. One exception is that the minimum number of 200

course hours is included in Sec. 65.61(a) rather than in appendix A for

clarification. Subcategory hour requirements have been eliminated so

that an integrated training approach can be used more readily. This

issue is discussed in more detail in the ``Elimination of Minimum

Training Times for Subcategories'' section of the preamble.

Appendix A Revision

As mentioned above, an appendix introductory overview has been

added to Appendix A and contains information on course topics, use of

state of the art technologies and techniques, and air carrier specific

training. While all of the listed material must be taught, the course

order is flexible and an integrated training approach may be used. In

the past, blocks of material were taught separately, yet the material

was interrelated, so an integrated training approach is desirable.

Appendix A is completely revised based on technological advances

from the past 30 years and those that may be anticipated in the future.

Specific changes are discussed in detail below in the ``section by

section'' analysis.

Elimination of Minimum Training Times for Subcategories

This final rule provides for a minimum hour content of 200 training

hours (the previous minimum was 198 hours). The 2 hour increase in

training accommodates the addition of new topics, e.g., human factors

training. Appendix A is divided into eight main subject areas but does

not include a minimum hour requirement for each subject area as it did

in the past. By eliminating the subcategory hour requirement, an

integrated training approach can be used more readily. This also allows

training centers to change curriculum as needs change in the future.

Human Factors Training

An innovative concept in initial certification training for

aircraft dispatchers includes the introduction of human factors

training. This type of training is based on a number of human

performance variables, such as communication, decision-making,

teamwork, and leadership. Human factors training for cockpit crewmember

personnel has been conducted for years and has recently been made

mandatory for dispatchers under 14 CFR part 121 as well as for flight

crewmembers under 14 CFR parts 61 and 121 (see ``Air Carrier and

Commercial Operator Training Programs,'' 60 FR 65940, December 20,

1995). Today, human factors experts agree that the cockpit crewmember

is just one part of a team. Experts agree that Crew Resource Management

(CRM) training is important because it includes all members of the

operational team (see Advisory Circular (AC) 121-32, ``Dispatch

Resource Management Training'' and AC 120-51B, as amended, ``Crew

Resource Management Training''). Rather than wait until the dispatcher

has begun actively dispatching flights, it is better to begin human

factors training during the certification process. This provides

maximum benefit and retention level to the airman prior to actively

working flights. Of central importance to human factors training are

communications and decision making. Aircraft dispatchers are the

communications nexus in the air transportation system. Dispatchers

routinely communicate with and obtain information from over 25 groups

of aviation professionals that have responsibility for some portion of

the air transportation system. Then dispatchers must analyze,

prioritize, and disseminate information as appropriate. Much of this

information can be considered critical to the safety of flight.

Therefore, the FAA has determined that human factors training should be

required and conducted during initial certification for maximum air

transportation safety.

Basic Certificate vs. Endorsements and Ratings

The ARAC, after an extensive analysis, determined that it would be

better to retain the current certificate structure without introducing

a system of ratings or endorsements. The ARAC discussed adding an

``international'' endorsement; however, this was deemed unwarranted due

to the complexity and unique qualities of international operators. The

ARAC believed, and the FAA concurred, that airline or equipment-

specific training was best left to the airlines so that it could be

tailored to specific requirements. Examples of specific types of

training include twin engine extended range operations, operations in

areas of magnetic unreliability, and high altitude operations at

several South American airports.

Future Technological Advancements

Technology and new operational practices often outpace training and

the regulations associated with training. This subpart, for example,

has not been updated for over 30 years. With this in mind the ARAC's

Dispatch Working Group explored ways to write a training outline that

would not quickly become obsolete.

(1) General vs. Specific. The training outline in appendix A is

written in general terms. If very specific terms were used in the

representation of technology it could become obsolete within several

years. Specific automated observations currently include AWOS

(automated weather observing system), ASOS (automated surface observing

system), etc. These observations may not be used in the future;

therefore, the training outline lists ``automated'' weather

observations.

(2) Practical Test Standards Guide (PTS). Appendix A contains

language that references the PTS guide prepared and published by the

FAA. Through the PTS guide, the FAA is able to give examiners general

guidance on which subjects are appropriate for testing. From the PTS

guide, an examiner is able to determine those specific subject areas

that are appropriate for testing the knowledge and skills of a

candidate for an aircraft dispatcher certificate. Since it is virtually

impossible to theorize what technological advancements are in store for

the aviation community in the future and to reflect those advancements

specifically in part 65, subpart C and

[[Page 68919]]

appendix A, it is desirable to link the training outline in appendix A

to a document like the PTS guide that can be easily revised but that is

exposed to public review and participation.

Section-by-Section Analysis

Part 65--Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers

The revision to part 65, subpart C, updates eligibility, knowledge,

experience and skill requirements for initial certification of aircraft

dispatchers. Regulatory material is revised and relocated from appendix

A to subpart C.

Section 65.51 Certificate Required

Section 65.51 contains the basic requirements for an aircraft

dispatcher certificate and also requires each person who holds an

aircraft dispatcher certificate to present it for inspection upon

request of the Administrator or other authorized official. Minor

editorial changes have been made to the current rule language.

Section 65.53 Eligibility Requirements: General

Section 65.53 contains eligibility requirements for aircraft

dispatcher certification. This final rule amends Sec. 65.53 by: (1)

Establishing a minimum age requirement of 21 years for taking the

knowledge test; and (2) adding a requirement and eliminating an

exception to the English language requirements. These changes are more

fully discussed above under the Principal Issues portion of this

preamble.

Section 65.55 Knowledge Requirements

In Sec. 65.55, the term ``written test'' is replaced with the term

``knowledge test.'' The FAA has determined the term ``knowledge test''

is a more inclusive term, referring to either tests administered with

pencil and paper or by computer. This change is also consistent with

changes that have been made in other parts of this chapter (e.g., 14

CFR part 61).

In addition, general aeronautical knowledge areas are listed. This

is a change from the NPRM, but is consistent with other parts of this

chapter (e.g., 14 CFR part 61). This final rule eliminates redundancy

that is in Secs. 65.55(a)(1) through (8) and 65.59(a) through (e) of

the current rule. Also, the detailed subject matter is described in

more general terms, allowing training to change as technology changes

without the need for a rule change.

Finally, paragraph (b) was modified from the NPRM to clarify the

FAA's intent.

Section 65.57 Experience or Training Requirements

As previously discussed under the Principal Issues section of this

preamble, this final rule reorganizes and retitles this section.

Section 65.59 Skill Requirements

The current regulation outlines specific topics and publications to

be covered during the practical test. However, under this final rule,

specific topics are deleted to reduce redundancy within other sections

and the appendix. Instead, Sec. 65.59 states that the test must be

based on the Aircraft Dispatcher Practical Test Standards published by

the FAA on the items outlined in appendix A of part 65. In addition,

the language in the current rule regarding one type of large aircraft

was inadvertently omitted from the proposed rule. The language has been

added back in this final rule. Finally, Sec. 65.59 in this final rule

states that an applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must

pass a practical test given by the Administrator. The NPRM used the

term ``Administrator's representative'', and specified that such a

representative must be a certificated aircraft dispatcher. The FAA

modified the language to use the term ``Administrator'' since the term

``Administrator's representative'' is too inclusive; it includes

designated aircraft dispatcher examiners (as authorized under part 183

of this chapter) but does not include FAA inspectors. In addition, it

is redundant to state that the Administrator's representative must hold

an aircraft dispatcher certificate since this is already required by

internal FAA Orders.

Section 65.61 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Content and

Minimum Hours

The current Sec. 65.61 contains the general requirements for

obtaining approval of an aircraft dispatcher certification course.

Under this final rule, these requirements are divided between

Sec. 65.61(a) and Sec. 65.63(a).

Section 65.61 also includes the minimum 200 hours of instruction as

proposed. Under the current regulations, the minimum hours are

contained in appendix A on a subject-by-subject basis. This issue is

discussed more fully under the Principal Issues section of this

preamble.

Under this final rule, Sec. 65.61(b) requires a course outline as

does the current rule but, in addition, it requires that the outline

indicate the number of hours proposed for major topics and subtopics to

be covered since these hours are no longer stated in appendix A.

Section 65.61(c) also includes a provision, currently in appendix A,

paragraph (a), that additional subject headings can be included, but

that the hours proposed for any subjects not listed in appendix A must

be in addition to the minimum 200 required hours of instruction.

This final rule amends Sec. 65.61(d) by including a provision,

currently in paragraph (f) of appendix A, that allows a student to

receive credit for a portion of the required 200 hours of instruction

by substituting previous experience or training. As is currently the

case, this final rule requires that the basis for any allowance and the

total hours credited must be incorporated in the student's records.

Finally, the proposed introductory language in Sec. 65.61 is being

deleted in this final rule since the requirement is already contained

in 14 CFR part 121, subpart P and is more appropriate for an operating

rule.

Section 65.63 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Application,

Duration, and Other General Requirements

Section 65.63 is a new section that includes in paragraph (a) the

requirement for a letter application currently contained in Sec. 65.61

that are more appropriate for the operating rule. Under this final

rule, a person is required to submit only two copies of the course

outline, in place of the three copies currently required. The FAA has

determined that three copies are not needed and that the requirement

imposes an unnecessary economic cost on the person and an

administrative burden on the FAA.

Section 65.63(b) contains the duration requirements and includes

the current 24-month duration for FAA approval of an aircraft

dispatcher certification course.

Section 65.65(c) contains the renewal requirements for an approved

aircraft dispatcher certification course. The only substantive change

from the current rule is that an application for renewal has to be

submitted at least 30 days before the expiration date. Currently it can

be submitted up to 60 days after the expiration date. This change is

needed to prevent approval of a course from continuing beyond its

expiration date. In addition, this section continues the 80 percent

success rate requirement currently under Appendix A but applies the 80

percent rate over a 24 month

[[Page 68920]]

period that is consistent with Sec. 141.5 (14 CFR 141.5).

Section 65.63(d) continues to contain the requirements for

obtaining approval of course revisions.

Section 65.63(e) contains the provisions for withdrawal or

cancellation of approval of an aircraft dispatcher certification

course, whether at the FAA's or the operator's initiative. When a

course approval is withdrawn or canceled, the operator is required to

send to the FAA any records requested by the Administrator so that they

are available if needed.

Sections 65.63(f) and (g) contain most of the current requirements

that apply to changes in ownership, name, or location of an approved

course. Two substantive changes from the current rule have been made.

Currently, the section states that ``approval of an aircraft dispatcher

course may not be continued in effect after the course has changed

ownership.'' Under this final rule, Sec. 65.63(f) allows for

continuation of approval after a change of ownership if application is

made for an appropriate amendment to the approval and no change in the

facilities, personnel, or approved aircraft dispatcher course is

involved. The other change requires that the Administrator must be

notified in writing within 10 days of any changes in ownership, name,

or location. The current rule requires notification of a change in

location ``without delay.'' This change avoids differing

interpretations of how much time is allowed.

In addition, Sec. 65.63 has been reorganized from the NPRM for

clarification and to make it consistent with other parts of 14 CFR

(e.g., 14 CFR 141).

Section 65.65 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Training

Facilities

Section 65.65 is a new section that prescribes the training

facilities necessary to operate an approved school. This section is

based primarily on material that is provided for in appendix A. The

section adds a requirement that the training facility must be located

so that the students in that facility are not distracted by the

instruction conducted in other rooms. This requirement aligns this

section with part 141 of this chapter.

Section 65.67 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Instruction

Section 65.67 is a new section that prescribes instruction

requirements necessary to operate an approved school that are mostly

based on material that is provided for in appendix A. The maximum

student-teacher ratio remains unchanged at 25 to 1.

Section 65.70 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Records

Section 65.70 is a new section that prescribes recordkeeping

requirements based on material currently provided for in appendix A. A

change, however, allows schools to discard records after 3 years so

that recordkeeping does not become a burden. This change could result

in significant cost savings to dispatcher schools since a literal

reading of the current regulations requires these records to be

retained indefinitely.

Appendix A to Part 65--Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses

The overview paragraph introduces the specific minimum set of

topics that must be covered in an aircraft dispatcher training course

and contains general information about those courses.

The individual subject hourly requirements (e.g., Federal Aviation

Regulations, 15 classroom hours; meteorology, 75 classroom hours) are

eliminated, and in their place a total course-hour minimum is included

in Sec. 61.61(a) as discussed above.

A word-by-word comparison of new appendix A with current appendix A

might make it appear that this regulation is adding to the subject

areas to be covered. However, the FAA understands that as a practical

matter, training schools, partially through the use of the PTS guide,

are in fact covering the subject areas listed in the new requirements.

In addition, by using modern teaching methods and training aids, it is

possible to cover the proposed curriculum without an increase in

overall teaching hours.

The new curriculum is considered necessary because of the important

role of the aircraft dispatcher in maintaining safety of flight

operations. The aircraft dispatcher and the pilot in command are

jointly responsible for the authorization and control of a flight in

accordance with applicable regulations and air carrier procedures. This

responsibility extends from the preparation for a flight to its

conclusion, and includes dealing with emergency situations.

Many of the dispatcher's tasks require familiarity in dealing with

specific regulations and air carrier procedures. Others require

exercising judgment to deal with unique aspects of a situation.

Virtually all of these problem-solving activities require skill in

working with the flight crew, Air Traffic Control, and members of the

Air Carrier Operations Control and Maintenance staff.

Regulations

In addition to the parts currently covered (subpart C of part 65

and parts 25, 91, 121), a course has to cover parts 1, 61, 71, 139, and

175 of chapter I of 14 CFR as well as part 830 of the regulations of

the National Transportation Safety Board, ``Rules Pertaining to

Aircraft Accidents, Incidents, Overdue Aircraft, and Safety

Investigation.'' Another addition to appendix A training requirements

is training on the ``General Operating Manual,'' that is, training on

the common features of a typical certificate holder's manual.

Meteorology

Meteorology is sub-divided into three subject headings: (1) Basic

Weather Studies; (2) Weather, Analysis, and Forecasts; and (3) Weather

Related Hazards. The subject of meteorology, due to its importance, is

updated and expanded to provide greater detail for instructional

guidance.

Navigation

Navigation is expanded to provide an introduction to international

flight planning procedures and limitations.

Aircraft

Aircraft is updated to provide expanded systems training to ensure

proper application of this knowledge.

Communications

Communications is expanded to include data link communications as

well as sources of aeronautical information.

Air Traffic Control

Air traffic control is expanded to encompass areas of air traffic

management.

Emergency and Abnormal Procedures

This new section addresses security; in particular, identifying,

declaring, and reporting emergencies.

Practical Dispatch Applications

This section replaces the old practical dispatching section.

Practical dispatch applications introduce the dispatch candidate to

human factors as applied to decisionmaking, human error, and teamwork.

The ``applied dispatching'' sub-section provides the student with

methods of application for all previous subject matter.

To ensure that future technological advancements are taught, this

appendix is linked to the PTS guide. The PTS is periodically revised,

whereas regulatory

[[Page 68921]]

changes may not keep up with technological advancements.

Discussion of Comments

Five comments were received in response to Notice No. 98-14 (63 FR

55920; October 19, 1998). The comments were from: Airline Ground

Schools (AGS); Academy Education Center (AEC), Inc; Timothy C.

Antolovic, Dispatch Working Group Chairperson; Flight Control Academy

(FCA); and Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA). All but

AEC explicitly stated they supported the NPRM, although several

commenters suggested minor revisions discussed more fully below. AEC

did not state whether or not it supported the NPRM and submitted

suggested revisions discussed more fully below.

Section 61.51: AEC stated that this section does not address

certificate expiration, refresher training, bi-annual reviews, desk

audits, etc.

FAA Response: Training and reviews are included in 14 CFR part 121.

The FAA notes that dispatcher certificates do not expire, but they must

be kept current in order to exercise the privileges of the certificate.

The currency requirements are included in 14 CFR part 121.

Section 61.53: AEC recommended that if a candidate is under 23

years of age and passes the knowledge and practical exams, a form

should be provided to officially record that the candidate is eligible

for a certificate at age 23. In addition, AEC stated that limitations

should be permitted to be placed on an individual's flight dispatcher

certificate based on medical conditions. It also stated that guidelines

should be provided regarding operating limitations.

FAA response: The FAA does not believe such a form should be

required since knowledge test results are valid for 2 years. Regarding

medical limitations on certificates, the FAA has determined that a

dispatcher certificate should remain unrestricted. Medical limitations,

such as those on pilot certificates, are not appropriate in the

dispatcher environment.

Section 65.55: AEC suggested identifying FAA-Authorized ADX

Computerized test.

FAA Response: The FAA does not intend to use specific terms such as

the ADX computerized test in order to allow for changes in technology.

In addition, ``knowledge test'' would encompass the ADX computerized

test.

Section 65.57: AGS, while stating it was in agreement with the

proposal, disagreed with excluding ATP-rated pilots who gained

experience in other than military or part 121 operations, as an air

traffic controller, or as a flight service specialist. It stated that

it would not discriminate between military experience (no FAA ATP

certificate) and civilian ATP experience. AGS also suggested that

foreign air carrier pilots operating under part 129 meet the minimum

requirements for consideration of substitution of experience. It stated

that such pilots are required to be dispatched by a licensed US

dispatcher to or from the United States. Finally, AGS stated that any

ATP-rated pilot can request a dispatcher checkride from an FAA Flight

Standards District Office (FSDO) when he/she has passed the knowledge

exam by simply recommending himself/herself. It stated that this

procedure should not be changed.

In addition, AEC suggested changing the term ``Administrator'' to

``FAA FSDO Administrator'' in order to differentiate between the FAA

administrator and Aircraft Dispatcher training school administrator.

FCA recommended that credit should be offered to all Canadian

dispatchers who have completed the Transport Canada curriculum or that

a bilateral agreement be established that would allow the knowledge

testing to be waived for personnel of both the U.S. and Canada who have

passed these tests in their respective countries. FCA also stated that

a practical test could be given by an approved school or agency and

upon satisfactory completion of the practical test, the license for

either country would be issued.

FAA Response: Regarding AGS's concern that the proposal

discriminates between experience gained in military operations and

civilian ATP operations, the FAA finds that dispatch systems are not

required under operations conducted under part 91 and part 135.

Therefore, such experience does not offer the same level of experience

regarding dispatchers as military operations or operations conducted

under part 121.

Regarding AGS's suggestion that foreign air carrier pilots

operating under part 129 meet the minimum requirements for

consideration of substitution of experience, the FAA notes that part

129 does not require the use of aircraft dispatchers. Therefore, no

change is being made from the proposal.

Regarding AGS's comment about allowing an ATP-rated pilot to

request a dispatcher checkride from an FAA FSDO after passing the

knowledge exam and recommending himself or herself, the FAA notes that

it did not propose any change to this practice, as long as the ATP-

rated pilot meets the experience requirements of 65.57.

In response to AEC's suggestion to change the term

``Administrator'', the FAA notes that this is the term that is used

throughout 14 CFR. The FAA needs to be consistent throughout our

requirements. Therefore, the term ``Administrator'' remains in the rule

language.

In addition, the FAA notes that FCA's comments regarding Canada are

beyond the scope of this rulemaking.

Section 65.61: AEC recommended using the term ``air carrier''

instead of ``course operator in Sec. 65.61(c).'' ALPA noted that the

terminology ``a minimum of 200 total course hours'' is not clear

whether it means ``classroom hours'' or could include other ``hours''

such as computer based training.

FAA Response: The term ``course operator'' is correct in this

context since the course operator is conducting the course under 14 CFR

part 65, not 14 CFR part 121. Regarding ALPA's comment, the FAA has

changed the rule language from ``a minimum of 200 total course hours''

to ``a minimum of 200 hours of instruction'' to clarify that a portion

of those hours could include hours from computer based training.

Appendix A: AGS suggested that Computerized Flight Plan training be

specifically included.

FAA Response: The FAA finds that Computerized Flight Plan training

is not appropriate to specifically include in general areas of

knowledge, since most air carriers have their own sophisticated

computerized flight planning system. Manual flight plan training is

needed in part 65, appendix A, ``Courses'' to understand the general

concepts of flight planning. Specific knowledge in individual carrier's

computerized programs is gained through training required under part

121.

Paperwork Reduction Act

Sections 65.63 and 65.70 contain information reporting,

recordkeeping, and 3rd party notification requirements. As required by

the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)), the FAA has

submitted a copy of these sections to the Office of Management and

Budget for its review. The collection of information was approved and

assigned OMB Control Number 2120-0648. No comments were received on

this information collection submission. An agency may not conduct or

sponsor and a person is not required to respond to a collection of

information unless it displays a currently valid Office of Management

and Budget (OMB) control number.

[[Page 68922]]

Section 65.63(a) requires that application for original approval of

an aircraft dispatcher certification course or the renewal of approval

of an aircraft dispatcher certification course must be made in writing

to the Administrator; accompanied by two copies of the course outline

required under Sec. 65.61(b) for which approval is sought; accompanied

by a description of the equipment and facilities to be used; and

accompanied by a list of the instructors and their qualifications. This

information is necessary for the FAA to evaluate the applicant's

qualifications and compliance with the requirements of proposed subpart

C of part 63.

Section 65.63(c) requires that application for renewal of an

approved aircraft dispatcher certification course must be made within

30 days preceding the month the approval expires. This will allow the

FAA time to review the course operator's performance and continued

qualification for course approval.

Section 65.63(e) requires that a course operator who desires

voluntary cancellation of an approved course must send a letter to the

Administrator. This will provide the FAA with documentation showing the

reason for the cancellation. After the course has been canceled, the

operator is required to send any records to the FAA that the

Administrator requests so that they will be available if needed.

Section 65.63(f) requires that 10 days after the date any change in

ownership of the school occurs application is made for an appropriate

amendment to the approval.

The FAA estimates the annual recordkeeping burden for Sec. 65.63 to

be 71 hours per year.

Section 65.70 requires that course operators keep a chronological

log for 3 years of all instructors, subjects covered, and course

examinations and results. In addition, the course operator must

transmit to the Administrator, not later than January 31 of each year,

a report for the previous year that lists the names of all students who

graduated, together with the results of their aircraft dispatcher

certification courses and the names of all the students who failed or

withdrew, together with the results of their aircraft dispatcher

certification courses or the reasons for their withdrawal. These

requirements are necessary for the FAA to evaluate the quality of the

course and the operator's compliance with part 65.

Section 65.70(b) requires the course operator to provide a written

statement of graduation to each student who successfully completes the

approved course. This requirement is necessary so that the student has

documentation of his or her qualification to serve as an aircraft

dispatcher.

The FAA estimates the annual recordkeeping burden for Sec. 65.70

compliance to be 1440 hours per year.

The annual reporting and recordkeeping burden for each aircraft

dispatcher certification course operator has not changed as a result of

this rulemaking. However, each aircraft dispatcher certification

operator will be required to update the course curriculum and training

outline, which will be a one time occurrence of up to 80 hours.

Compatibility With ICAO Standards

In keeping with U.S. obligations under the Convention on

International Civil Aviation, it is FAA policy to comply with

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and

Recommended Practices to the maximum extent practicable. The FAA has

reviewed the corresponding ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices and

has identified no differences with these proposed regulations.

Regulatory Evaluation Summary

Proposed and final rule changes to Federal regulations must undergo

several economic analyses. First, Executive Order 12866 directs that

each Federal agency shall propose or adopt a regulation only upon a

reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation

justify its costs. Second, the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980

requires agencies to analyze the economic effect of regulatory changes

on small entities. Third, the Office of Management and Budget directs

agencies to assess the effect of regulatory changes on international

trade. In conducting these analyses, the Federal Aviation

Administration (FAA) has determined that the final rule will generate

benefits that justify its costs and is not ``a significant regulatory

action'' as defined in the Executive Order or Department of

Transportation Regulatory Policies and Procedures. The final rule will

not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities

and will not constitute a barrier to international trade. In addition,

this final rule does not contain any Federal intergovernmental

mandates, but does contain a private sector mandate. However, because

expenditures by the private sector will not exceed $100 million

annually, the requirements of Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform

Act of 1995 do not apply.

This rule amends existing regulations that define the qualification

and certification requirements for aircraft dispatchers. Current

regulations prescribing these requirements do not reflect the

significant technological advances that have occurred in the aviation

industry and the enhancements in training and instructional methods

that have affected all aircraft dispatchers.

The FAA has determined that the final rule has little affect on

aviation industry costs, but results in minor cost savings for

dispatcher schools by relieving them of the burden to retain records

indefinitely. Additionally, the rule consolidates and clarifies

eligibility, knowledge, experience, and skill requirements among

aircraft dispatchers.

Ordinarily, a full regulatory evaluation of the potential monetary

costs that would be imposed and benefits that would be generated is

prepared for all FAA rulemaking actions. For this final rule, however,

a full regulatory evaluation is unwarranted because little costs will

be imposed on the U.S. aviation community. Thus, the FAA has not

prepared a full regulatory evaluation for the docket.

Regulatory Flexibility Determination

The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 establishes ``as a principle

of regulatory issuance that agencies shall endeavor, consistent with

the objective of the rule and of applicable statutes, to fit regulatory

and informational requirements to the scale of the business,

organizations, and governmental jurisdictions subject to regulation.''

To achieve that principal, the Act requires agencies to solicit and

consider flexible regulatory proposals and to explain the rationale for

their actions. The Act covers a wide-range of small entities, including

small businesses, not-for-profit organizations and small governmental

jurisdictions.

Agencies must perform a review to determine whether a proposed or

final rule will have a significant economic impact on a substantial

number of small entities. If the determination is that it will, the

agency must prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis (RFA) as

described in the Act.

However, if an agency determines that a proposed or final rule is

not expected to have a significant economic impact on a substantial

number of small entities, section 605(b) of the 1980 act provides that

the head of the agency may so certify and an RFA is not required. The

certification must include a statement providing the factual basis for

this determination, and the reasoning should be clear.

[[Page 68923]]

This rule will impact entities regulated by Part 65. This final

rule will not impose any additional costs on small entities covered by

these changes to Part 65. Accordingly, the Federal Aviation

Administration certifies that this rule will not have a significant

economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.

International Trade Impact Assessment

This final rule will not impose a competitive disadvantage to

either U.S. air carriers doing business abroad or foreign air carriers

doing business in the United States. This assessment is based on the

fact that this rule will not impose any additional costs on the

aviation industry. This final rule will have no effect on the sale of

foreign aviation products or services in the United States, nor will it

affect the sale of United States aviation products or services in

foreign countries.

Federalism Implications

The regulations herein will not have a substantial direct effect on

the States, on the relationship between the national Government and the

States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the

various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with Executive

Order 12612, it is determined that this rule will not have sufficient

federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a federalism

assessment.

Energy Impact

The energy impact of this final rule has been assessed in

accordance with the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) and

Public Law 94-163, as amended (42 U.S.C. 6362). It has been determined

that this proposed rule is not a major regulatory action under the

provisions of the EPCA.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 65

Air traffic controllers, Aircraft, Aircraft dispatchers, Airmen,

Airports, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

The Amendment

In consideration of the foregoing, the Federal Aviation

Administration amends part 65, Chapter I, Code of Federal Regulations,

as follows:

PART 65--CERTIFICATION: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS

1. The authority citation for part 65 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-

44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.

2. Subpart C of part 65 is revised to read as follows:

Subpart C--Aircraft Dispatchers

Sec.

65.51 Certificate required.

65.53 Eligibility requirements: General.

65.55 Knowledge requirements.

65.57 Experience or training requirements.

65.59 Skill requirements.

65.61 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and

minimum hours.

65.63 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Application,

duration, and other general requirements.

65.65 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Training

facilities.

65.67 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Personnel.

65.70 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Records.

Subpart C--Aircraft Dispatchers

Sec. 65.51 Certificate required.

(a) No person may act as an aircraft dispatcher (exercising

responsibility with the pilot in command in the operational control of

a flight) in connection with any civil aircraft in air commerce unless

that person has in his or her personal possession an aircraft

dispatcher certificate issued under this subpart.

(b) Each person who holds an aircraft dispatcher certificate must

present it for inspection upon the request of the Administrator or an

authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety Board,

or of any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer.

Sec. 65.53 Eligibility requirements: General.

(a) To be eligible to take the aircraft dispatcher knowledge test,

a person must be at least 21 years of age.

(b) To be eligible for an aircraft dispatcher certificate, a person

must--

(1) Be at least 23 years of age;

(2) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English

language;

(3) Pass the required knowledge test prescribed by Sec. 65.55 of

this part;

(4) Pass the required practical test prescribed by Sec. 65.59 of

this part; and

(5) Comply with the requirements of Sec. 65.57 of this part.

Sec. 65.55 Knowledge requirements.

(a) A person who applies for an aircraft dispatcher certificate

must pass a knowledge test on the following aeronautical knowledge

areas:

(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that

relate to airline transport pilot privileges, limitations, and flight

operations;

(2) Meteorology, including knowledge of and effects of fronts,

frontal characteristics, cloud formations, icing, and upper-air data;

(3) General system of weather and NOTAM collection, dissemination,

interpretation, and use;

(4) Interpretation and use of weather charts, maps, forecasts,

sequence reports, abbreviations, and symbols;

(5) National Weather Service functions as they pertain to

operations in the National Airspace System;

(6) Windshear and microburst awareness, identification, and

avoidance;

(7) Principles of air navigation under instrument meteorological

conditions in the National Airspace System;

(8) Air traffic control procedures and pilot responsibilities as

they relate to enroute operations, terminal area and radar operations,

and instrument departure and approach procedures;

(9) Aircraft loading, weight and balance, use of charts, graphs,

tables, formulas, and computations, and their effect on aircraft

performance;

(10) Aerodynamics relating to an aircraft's flight characteristics

and performance in normal and abnormal flight regimes;

(11) Human factors;

(12) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and

(13) Crew resource management, including crew communication and

coordination.

(b) The applicant must present documentary evidence satisfactory to

the administrator of having passed an aircraft dispatcher knowledge

test within the preceding 24 calendar months.

Sec. 65.57 Experience or training requirements.

An applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must present

documentary evidence satisfactory to the Administrator that he or she

has the experience prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section or has

accomplished the training described in paragraph (b) of this section as

follows:

(a) A total of at least 2 years experience in the 3 years before

the date of application, in any one or in any combination of the

following areas:

(1) In military aircraft operations as a--

(i) Pilot;

(ii) Flight navigator; or

(iii) Meteorologist.

(2) In aircraft operations conducted under part 121 of this chapter

as--

(i) An assistant in dispatching air carrier aircraft, under the

direct supervision of a dispatcher certificated under this subpart;

(ii) A pilot;

(iii) A flight engineer; or

(iv) A meteorologist.

[[Page 68924]]

(3) In aircraft operations as--

(i) An Air Traffic Controller; or

(ii) A Flight Service Specialist.

(4) In aircraft operations, performing other duties that the

Administrator finds provide equivalent experience.

(b) A statement of graduation issued or revalidated in accordance

with Sec. 65.70(b) of this part, showing that the person has

successfully completed an approved aircraft dispatcher course.

Sec. 65.59 Skill requirements.

An applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must pass a

practical test given by the Administrator, with respect to any one type

of large aircraft used in air carrier operations. The practical test

must be based on the aircraft dispatcher practical test standards, as

published by the FAA, on the items outlined in appendix A of this part.

Sec. 65.61 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and

minimum hours.

(a) An approved aircraft dispatcher certification course must:

(1) Provide instruction in the areas of knowledge and topics listed

in appendix A of this part;

(2) Include a minimum of 200 hours of instruction.

(b) An applicant for approval of an aircraft dispatcher course must

submit an outline that describes the major topics and subtopics to be

covered and the number of hours proposed for each.

(c) Additional subject headings for an aircraft dispatcher

certification course may also be included, however the hours proposed

for any subjects not listed in appendix A of this part must be in

addition to the minimum 200 course hours required in paragraph (a) of

this section.

(d) For the purpose of completing an approved course, a student may

substitute previous experience or training for a portion of the minimum

200 hours of training. The course operator determines the number of

hours of credit based on an evaluation of the experience or training to

determine if it is comparable to portions of the approved course

curriculum. The credit allowed, including the total hours and the basis

for it, must be placed in the student's record required by

Sec. 65.70(a) of this part.

Sec. 65.63 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Application,

duration, and other general requirements.

(a) Application. Application for original approval of an aircraft

dispatcher certification course or the renewal of approval of an

aircraft dispatcher certification course under this part must be:

(1) Made in writing to the Administrator;

(2) Accompanied by two copies of the course outline required under

Sec. 65.61(b) of this part, for which approval is sought;

(3) Accompanied by a description of the equipment and facilities to

be used; and

(4) Accompanied by a list of the instructors and their

qualifications.

(b) Duration. Unless withdrawn or canceled, an approval of an

aircraft dispatcher certification course of study expires:

(1) On the last day of the 24th month from the month the approval

was issued; or

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, on the

date that any change in ownership of the school occurs.

(c) Renewal. Application for renewal of an approved aircraft

dispatcher certification course must be made within 30 days preceding

the month the approval expires, provided the course operator meets the

following requirements:

(1) At least 80 percent of the graduates from that aircraft

dispatcher certification course, who applied for the practical test

required by Sec. 65.59 of this part, passed the practical test on their

first attempt; and

(2) The aircraft dispatcher certification course continues to meet

the requirements of this subpart for course approval.

(d) Course revisions. Requests for approval of a revision of the

course outline, facilities, or equipment must be in accordance with

paragraph (a) of this section. Proposed revisions of the course outline

or the description of facilities and equipment must be submitted in a

format that will allow an entire page or pages of the approved outline

or description to be removed and replaced by any approved revision. The

list of instructors may be revised at any time without request for

approval, provided the minimum requirements of Sec. 65.67 of this part

are maintained and the Administrator is notified in writing.

(e) Withdrawal or cancellation of approval. Failure to continue to

meet the requirements of this subpart for the approval or operation of

an approved aircraft dispatcher certification course is grounds for

withdrawal of approval of the course. A course operator may request

cancellation of course approval by a letter to the Administrator. The

operator must forward any records to the FAA as requested by the

Administrator.

(f) Change in ownership. A change in ownership of a part 65,

appendix A-approved course does not terminate that aircraft dispatcher

certification course approval if, within 10 days after the date that

any change in ownership of the school occurs:

(1) Application is made for an appropriate amendment to the

approval; and

(2) No change in the facilities, personnel, or approved aircraft

dispatcher certification course is involved.

(g) Change in name or location. A change in name or location of an

approved aircraft dispatcher certification course does not invalidate

the approval if, within 10 days after the date that any change in name

or location occurs, the course operator of the part 65, appendix A-

approved course notifies the Administrator, in writing, of the change.

Sec. 65.65 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Training

facilities.

An applicant for approval of authority to operate an aircraft

dispatcher course of study must have facilities, equipment, and

materials adequate to provide each student the theoretical and

practical aspects of aircraft dispatching. Each room, training booth,

or other space used for instructional purposes must be temperature

controlled, lighted, and ventilated to conform to local building,

sanitation, and health codes. In addition, the training facility must

be so located that the students in that facility are not distracted by

the instruction conducted in other rooms.

Sec. 65.67 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Personnel.

(a) Each applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certification course

must meet the following personnel requirements:

(1) Each applicant must have adequate personnel, including one

instructor who holds an aircraft dispatcher certificate and is

available to coordinate all training course instruction.

(2) Each applicant must not exceed a ratio of 25 students for one

instructor.

(b) The instructor who teaches the practical dispatch applications

area of the appendix A course must hold an aircraft dispatchers

certificate

Sec. 65.70 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Records.

(a) The operator of an aircraft dispatcher course must maintain a

record for each student, including a chronological log of all

instructors, subjects covered, and course examinations and results. The

record must be retained for at least 3 years after graduation. The

course operator also

[[Page 68925]]

must prepare, for its records, and transmit to the Administrator not

later than January 31 of each year, a report containing the following

information for the previous year:

(1) The names of all students who graduated, together with the

results of their aircraft dispatcher certification courses.

(2) The names of all the students who failed or withdrew, together

with the results of their aircraft dispatcher certification courses or

the reasons for their withdrawal.

(b) Each student who successfully completes the approved aircraft

dispatcher certification course must be given a written statement of

graduation, which is valid for 90 days. After 90 days, the course

operator may revalidate the graduation certificate for an additional 90

days if the course operator determines that the student remains

proficient in the subject areas listed in appendix A of this part.

3. Appendix A to part 65 is revised to read as follows:

Appendix A to Part 65--Aircraft Dispatcher Courses

Overview

This appendix sets forth the areas of knowledge necessary to

perform dispatcher functions. The items listed below indicate the

minimum set of topics that must be covered in a training course for

aircraft dispatcher certification. The order of coverage is at the

discretion of the approved school. For the latest technological

advancements refer to the Practical Test Standards as published by

the FAA.

I. Regulations

A. Subpart C of this part;

B. Parts 1, 25, 61, 71, 91, 121, 139, and 175, of this chapter;

C. 49 CFR part 830;

D. General Operating Manual.

II. Meteorology

A. Basic Weather Studies

(1) The earth's motion and its effects on weather.

(2) Analysis of the following regional weather types,

characteristics, and structures, or combinations thereof:

(a) Maritime.

(b) Continental.

(c) Polar.

(d) Tropical.

(3) Analysis of the following local weather types,

characteristics, and structures or combinations thereof:

(a) Coastal.

(b) Mountainous.

(c) Island.

(d) Plains.

(4) The following characteristics of the atmosphere:

(a) Layers.

(b) Composition.

(c) Global Wind Patterns.

(d) Ozone.

(5) Pressure:

(a) Units of Measure.

(b) Weather Systems Characteristics.

(c) Temperature Effects on Pressure.

(d) Altimeters.

(e) Pressure Gradient Force.

(f) Pressure Pattern Flying Weather.

(6) Wind:

(a) Major Wind Systems and Coriolis Force.

(b) Jetstreams and their Characteristics.

(c) Local Wind and Related Terms.

(7) States of Matter:

(a) Solids, Liquid, and Gases.

(b) Causes of change of state.

(8) Clouds:

(a) Composition, Formation, and Dissipation.

(b) Types and Associated Precipitation.

(c) Use of Cloud Knowledge in Forecasting.

(9) Fog:

(a) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.

(b) Types.

(10) Ice:

(a) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.

(b) Types.

(11) Stability/Instability:

(a) Temperature Lapse Rate, Convection.

(b) Adiabatic Processes.

(c) Lifting Processes.

(d) Divergence.

(e) Convergence.

(12) Turbulence:

(a) Jetstream Associated.

(b) Pressure Pattern Recognition.

(c) Low Level Windshear.

(d) Mountain Waves.

(e) Thunderstorms.

(f) Clear Air Turbulence.

(13) Airmasses:

(a) Classification and Characteristics.

(b) Source Regions.

(c) Use of Airmass Knowledge in Forecasting.

(14) Fronts:

(a) Structure and Characteristics, Both Vertical and Horizontal.

(b) Frontal Types.

(c) Frontal Weather Flying.

(15) Theory of Storm Systems:

(a) Thunderstorms.

(b) Tornadoes.

(c) Hurricanes and Typhoons.

(d) Microbursts.

(e) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.

B. Weather, Analysis, and Forecasts

(1) Observations:

(a) Surface Observations.

(i) Observations made by certified weather observer.

(ii) Automated Weather Observations.

(b) Terminal Forecasts.

(c) Significant En route Reports and Forecasts.

(i) Pilot Reports.

(ii) Area Forecasts.

(iii) Sigmets, Airmets.

(iv) Center Weather Advisories.

(d) Weather Imagery.

(i) Surface Analysis.

(ii) Weather Depiction.

(iii) Significant Weather Prognosis.

(iv) Winds and Temperature Aloft.

(v) Tropopause Chart.

(vi) Composite Moisture Stability Chart.

(vii) Surface Weather Prognostic Chart.

(viii) Radar Meteorology.

(ix) Satellite Meteorology.

(x) Other charts as applicable.

(e) Meteorological Information Data Collection Systems.

(2) Data Collection, Analysis, and Forecast Facilities.

(3) Service Outlets Providing Aviation Weather Products.

C. Weather Related Aircraft Hazards

(1) Crosswinds and Gusts.

(2) Contaminated Runways.

(3) Restrictions to Surface Visibility.

(4) Turbulence and Windshear.

(5) Icing.

(6) Thunderstorms and Microburst.

(7) Volcanic Ash.

III. Navigation

A. Study of the Earth

(1) Time reference and location (0 Longitude, UTC).

(2) Definitions.

(3) Projections.

(4) Charts.

B. Chart Reading, Application, and Use.

C. National Airspace Plan.

D. Navigation Systems.

E. Airborne Navigation Instruments.

F. Instrument Approach Procedures.

(1) Transition Procedures.

(2) Precision Approach Procedures.

(3) Non-precision Approach Procedures.

(4) Minimums and the relationship to weather.

G. Special Navigation and Operations.

(1) North Atlantic.

(2) Pacific.

(3) Global Differences.

IV. AIRCRAFT

A. Aircraft Flight Manual.

B. Systems Overview.

(1) Flight controls.

(2) Hydraulics.

(3) Electrical.

(4) Air Conditioning and Pressurization.

(5) Ice and Rain protection.

(6) Avionics, Communication, and Navigation.

(7) Powerplants and Auxiliary Power Units.

(8) Emergency and Abnormal Procedures.

(9) Fuel Systems and Sources.

C. Minimum Equipment List/Configuration Deviation List (MEL/CDL)

and Applications.

D. Performance.

(1) Aircraft in general.

(2) Principles of flight:

(a) Group one aircraft.

(b) Group two aircraft.

(3) Aircraft Limitations.

(4) Weight and Balance.

(5) Flight instrument errors.

(6) Aircraft performance:

(a) Take-off performance.

(b) En route performance.

(c) Landing performance.

V. Communications

A. Regulatory requirements.

B. Communication Protocol.

C. Voice and Data Communications.

D. Notice to Airmen (NOTAMS).

E. Aeronautical Publications.

F. Abnormal Procedures.

VI. Air Traffic Control

A. Responsibilities.

B. Facilities and Equipment.

C. Airspace classification and route structure.

[[Page 68926]]

D. Flight Plans.

(1) Domestic.

(2) International.

E. Separation Minimums.

F. Priority Handling.

G. Holding Procedures.

H. Traffic Management.

VII. Emergency and Abnormal Procedures

A. Security measures on the ground.

B. Security measures in the air.

C. FAA responsibility and services.

D. Collection and dissemination of information on overdue or

missing aircraft.

E. Means of declaring an emergency.

F. Responsibility for declaring an emergency.

G. Required reporting of an emergency.

H. NTSB reporting requirements.

VIII. Practical Dispatch Applications

A. Human Factors.

(1) Decisionmaking:

(a) Situation Assessment.

(b) Generation and Evaluation of Alternatives.

(i) Tradeoffs and Prioritization.

(ii) Contingency Planning.

(c) Support Tools and Technologies.

(2) Human Error:

(a) Causes.

(i) Individual and Organizational Factors.

(ii) Technology-Induced Error.

(b) Prevention.

(c) Detection and Recovery.

(3) Teamwork:

(a) Communication and Information Exchange.

(b) Cooperative and Distributed Problem-Solving.

(c) Resource Management.

(i) Air Traffic Control (ATC) activities and workload.

(ii) Flightcrew activities and workload.

(iii) Maintenance activities and workload.

(iv) Operations Control Staff activities and workload.

B. Applied Dispatching.

(1) Briefing techniques, Dispatcher, Pilot.

(2) Preflight:

(a) Safety.

(b) Weather Analysis.

(i) Satellite imagery.

(ii) Upper and lower altitude charts.

(iii) Significant en route reports and forecasts.

(iv) Surface charts.

(v) Surface observations.

(vi) Terminal forecasts and orientation to Enhanced Weather

Information System (EWINS).

(c) NOTAMS and airport conditions.

(d) Crew.

(i) Qualifications.

(ii) Limitations.

(e) Aircraft.

(i) Systems.

(ii) Navigation instruments and avionics systems.

(iii) Flight instruments.

(iv) Operations manuals and MEL/CDL.

(v) Performance and limitations.

(f) Flight Planning.

(i) Route of flight.

1. Standard Instrument Departures and Standard Terminal Arrival

Routes.

2. En route charts.

3. Operational altitude.

4. Departure and arrival charts.

(ii) Minimum departure fuel.

1. Climb.

2. Cruise.

3. Descent.

(g) Weight and balance.

(h) Economics of flight overview (Performance, Fuel Tankering).

(i) Decision to operate the flight.

(j) ATC flight plan filing.

(k) Flight documentation.

(i) Flight plan.

(ii) Dispatch release.

(3) Authorize flight departure with concurrence of pilot in

command.

(4) In-flight operational control:

(a) Current situational awareness.

(b) Information exchange.

(c) Amend original flight release as required.

(5) Post-Flight:

(a) Arrival verification.

(b) Weather debrief.

(c) Flight irregularity reports as required.

Issued in Washington, DC, on December 2, 1999.

Jane F. Garvey,

Administrator.

[FR Doc. 99-31707 Filed 12-7-99; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910-13-P