National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Halogenated Solvent Cleaning
Federal RegisterDec 3, 1999
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[AD-FRL-6500-1]
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants:
Halogenated Solvent Cleaning
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule; amendments.
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SUMMARY: This action promulgates amendments to the ``National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Halogenated Solvent Cleaning''
originally promulgated on December 2, 1994. These amendments to the
rule were proposed on August 19, 1999. Today's action finalizes
compliance options for continuous web cleaning machines, as well as
amendments to the national emission standards for hazardous air
pollutants (NESHAP) that apply to steam-heated vapor cleaning machines
and to cleaning machines used to clean transformers. The EPA is
finalizing these amendments to ensure that all owners or operators of
solvent cleaning machines have appropriate and attainable requirements
for their cleaning machines.
EFFECTIVE DATE: December 3, 1999.
ADDRESSES: Interested parties may review items used to support these
final rule amendments at: Air and Radiation Docket and Information
Center (6102), Attention Docket Number A-92-39, Room M-1500, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC
20460.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning the
standards, contact Mr. Paul Almodovar, Coatings and Consumer Products
Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-13), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711,
telephone number (919) 541-0283. For information regarding the
applicability of this action to a particular entity, contact Ms.
Acquanetta Delaney, Manufacturing Branch, Office of Compliance (2223A),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC
20460; telephone (202) 564-7061.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Docket
The docket number for this rulemaking is A-92-39. The docket is an
organized file of information compiled by the EPA in the development of
this rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file because material is added
throughout the rulemaking development. The docketing system is intended
to allow members of the public and industries involved to readily
identify and locate documents so that they can effectively participate
in the rulemaking process. Along with the proposed and promulgated
standards and their preambles, the docket contains the record in the
case of judicial review. (See section 307(d)(7)(A) of the Clean Air
Act.)
Regulated Entities
The following entities are potentially regulated by this final
rule.
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Category SIC Codes Examples of potentially regulated entities
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Industry.............................. 33, 34, 36, and 37...... Facilities engaging in cleaning operations using halogenated solvent cleaning machines.
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This list is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this
action. This list includes the types of entities that the EPA is now
aware could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of
entities not listed could also be affected. To determine whether your
facility or company is regulated by this final rule, you should
carefully examine the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.460 of the
promulgated rule. If you have any questions regarding the applicability
of this final rule to a particular entity, consult the person listed in
the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
The information presented in this preamble is organized as follows:
I. Background
A. Why is EPA amending the NESHAP for halogenated solvent
cleaning?
B. What is the purpose of these final rule amendments?
C. What changes have been made since the August 19, 1999
proposed amendments?
D. Do the changes in today's final rule amendments apply to my
machines?
II. Review of Requirements for Continuous Web Cleaning Machines
A. How do I know if my machine is a continuous web cleaning
machine?
B. How will these changes impact my continuous web cleaning
machines?
C. How do I know if my machine is a ``new'' or an ``existing''
continuous web cleaning machine?
D. When must I comply with these new requirements?
III. Other Changes
A. What change is EPA making that applies to my transformer
cleaning operations?
B. What changes impact my steam-heated vapor cleaning machines?
IV. Impacts
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
C. Executive Order 13084: Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
E. Regulatory Flexibility/Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act
F. Paperwork Reduction Act
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
H. Congressional Review Act
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
I. Background
A. Why Is EPA Amending the NESHAP for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning?
The EPA promulgated the halogenated solvent cleaning (HSC) NESHAP
on December 2, 1994, as subpart T of 40 CFR part 63 (59 FR 61801). That
rule included requirements for batch and in-line cleaning machines and
both control device and work practice requirements. A batch cleaning
machine is defined in the HSC NESHAP as ``a solvent cleaning machine in
which individual parts or sets of parts move through the entire
cleaning cycle before new parts are introduced.'' Inherent in some of
the requirements is the understanding that the part or set of parts
stops at one or various points in the machine for cleaning and for
removal of cleaned parts. In contrast, an in-line cleaning machine (or
continuous cleaning machine) is defined in the HSC NESHAP as ``a
solvent cleaning machine that uses an automated parts handling system,
typically a conveyor, to automatically provide a continuous supply of
parts to be cleaned.''
After promulgation, several industry groups raised concerns about
how some cleaning machines would be classified under the rule. These
commenters stated that some machines did not clearly and completely fit
into any of the categories of cleaning machines included in the HSC
NESHAP. The machines in question included movie film cleaning machines
and machines used to clean strips, rods, and wire.
After some review, the EPA concluded that these issues warranted
additional consideration. On May 5, 1998 (63 FR 24768), the EPA issued
an immediate stay of compliance for the continuous web cleaning
machines until August 3, 1998. In that same action, the EPA proposed to
extend the compliance date for these units for an additional year, to
August 3, 1999, to allow for an equivalency determination. The EPA
received comments on the proposed extension. One commenter expressed
concern that the 1-year extension may not be sufficient time to review
the data, complete the technical analysis, propose and promulgate an
equivalency determination, and allow sufficient time for facilities to
comply with the new requirements. The EPA recognized these concerns and
on December 11, 1998 (63 FR 68397) extended the compliance date for
continuous web cleaning machines to December 2, 1999.
On August 19, 1999, EPA published a direct final rule (64 FR 45187)
and parallel proposal (64 FR 45221) to amend the ``National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Halogenated Solvent Cleaning.''
The proposed amendments would have provided additional compliance
options for continuous web cleaning machines, as well as clarifications
that apply to steam-heated vapor cleaning machines and to cleaning
machines used to clean transformers.
The EPA stated in the direct final rule that if relevant, adverse
comments were received by September 20, 1999, the EPA would publish a
notice withdrawing the direct final rule before its effective date of
October 18, 1999. The EPA received adverse comments on the direct final
rule from two commenters on September 20, 1999 and, therefore, withdrew
the direct final rule on October 18, 1999 (64 FR 56173). Today's final
rule amendments are based on the public comments received on the
proposed amendments.
B. What Is the Purpose of These Final Rule Amendments?
This final rule does two things. First, it promulgates alternative
compliance requirements for continuous web cleaning machines consistent
with the August 19, 1999 proposal (64 FR 45221). A continuous web
cleaning machine is a cleaning machine that cleans a continuous web
part at speeds typically in excess of 11 feet per minute. Changes to
the rule impacting continuous web cleaning machines are discussed in
section II.A of this final rule. Second, this final rule promulgates
two minor changes, discussed in section III.B, that impact cleaning
machines other than continuous web cleaning machines.
C. What Changes Have Been Made Since the August 19, 1999 Proposed
Amendments?
The EPA has made several changes and clarifications to the
amendments proposed on August 19, 1999 (64 FR 45221) in response to the
public comments that were received. A full discussion of the comments
and the EPA responses is included in the docket for this rulemaking.
Following is a summary of the major changes that have been made to the
proposed amendments.
1. Clarification of Requirements for Remote Reservoir Continuous Web
Cleaning Machines
The EPA has clarified that the owner or operator of a remote
reservoir continuous web cleaning machine is not required to comply
with freeboard refrigerated device requirements or freeboard ratio
requirements. The EPA concluded that these requirements are redundant
to the emission reductions obtained from the remote reservoir design.
Upon further review, the EPA concluded that a separate section devoted
to remote reservoir continuous web cleaning machines was warranted to
ensure the requirements applicable to these machines were clear; these
requirements were added as Sec. 63.463(h).
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2. Equivalent Requirements for Complying With Downtime and Idling Mode
Covers
The EPA has added equivalent requirements for covers during idling
and downtime. These equivalent requirements include the ability to
consider the continuous web part itself as a port cover if it fills the
entry and exit port, thereby achieving the same control as a port
cover. Also, a machine kept under negative pressure and vented to an
appropriately maintained and operated carbon adsorption system is
equivalent to maximum achievable control technology (MACT) and is now
allowed under this rule.
3. Addition of an Alternative Standard for Continuous Web Cleaning
Machines
The EPA has added an alternative standard for continuous web
cleaning machines based on the calculation of an overall cleaning
system control efficiency. This approach was recommended by a commenter
and reviewed and accepted by the EPA.
4. Addition of Combined Squeegee and Air Knife System
Under the proposed amendments to the NESHAP, EPA allowed for the
use of either a squeegee system or an air knife system. The EPA has
clarified that a system that combines squeegees and air knives is
allowed as long as the components are within a single enclosure. The
visible emission test is not required until after the web part exits
the combined system.
In addition to these changes, EPA wishes to clarify that there are
four different compliance options that refer to carbon adsorber
requirements for continuous web cleaning machines:
a. Under Sec. 63.463(g)(1), a carbon adsorber system is allowed in
the control device combinations for existing and new machines. The
owners or operators of these machines must demonstrate that the exhaust
concentration limit of 100 parts per million is maintained using the
provisions of Sec. 63.463(e)(2)(vii). The owners or operators must
still demonstrate compliance with the work practice requirements and
the basic design requirements contained in the rule.
b. Under Sec. 63.463(g)(2), a carbon adsorption system with an
overall control efficiency of 70 percent is allowed in lieu of
complying with one of the control combinations cited above. The owners
or operators of these machines are not required to demonstrate the 100
parts per million limit; the owners or operators must work with their
regulating authority to define the appropriate monitoring parameters to
demonstrate the 70 percent control. In addition, the owners or
operators must demonstrate compliance with the work practice
requirements and the basic design requirements contained in the rule.
c. Under Sec. 63.463(g)(3)(vii) or Sec. 63.463(h)(2)(v), any
facility with a lip or other exhaust within a machine must ensure that
the exhaust is vented to a carbon adsorber system. The carbon adsorber
system can be shown to meet either the 100 parts per million exhaust
limit of Sec. 63.463(e)(2)(vii) or the 70 percent carbon adsorber
system efficiency of Sec. 63.463(g)(2).
d. Under the new alternative standard of Sec. 63.464(d), an owner
or operator may elect to use a carbon adsorber system (or any other
emission control system) to demonstrate compliance with the overall
solvent cleaning machine reduction efficiency of 70 percent. A facility
complying with this option is not subject to the work practice or basic
design requirements, which includes the squeegee and air knife
requirements.
The EPA would also like to clarify that under the HSC NESHAP,
emissions from multiple solvent cleaning machines are allowed to be
controlled using a single carbon adsorber. In this situation, the
affected source would need to develop and get approval from the
regulatory authority of a procedure to apportion the solvent recovered
by the carbon adsorber to each machine venting through it. A likely
procedure would apportion the solvent recovered from the carbon
adsorber based on the percentage of total fresh solvent added to each
solvent cleaning machine.
D. Do the Changes in Today's Final Rule Amendments Apply to My
Machines?
Today's final rule amendments only apply to you if your machines
meet any of the following criteria:
1. Halogenated solvent cleaning machines that are classified as
continuous web cleaning machines. (Changes impacting these machines are
discussed in section II.B.)
2. Halogenated solvent cleaning machines that are used to clean
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) laden transformers. (A change impacting
these machines is discussed in section III.A.)
3. Halogenated solvent cleaning machines that are steam-heated
vapor cleaning machines. (The definition of continuous web cleaning
machines and a change impacting these machines is discussed in section
II.B.)
II. Review of Requirements for Continuous Web Cleaning Machines
This section discusses changes made to the HSC NESHAP proposed
amendments published on August 19, 1999 (64 FR 45221).
A. How Do I Know if My Machine Is a Continuous Web Cleaning Machine?
A continuous web cleaning machine is a solvent cleaning machine in
which parts such as film, coils, wire, and metal strips are cleaned at
speeds typically in excess of 11 feet per minute. Parts are generally
uncoiled, cleaned such that the same part is simultaneously entering
and exiting the solvent application area of the solvent cleaning
machine, and then recoiled or cut. For the purposes of subpart T to 40
CFR part 63, all continuous web cleaning machines are considered to be
a subset of in-line solvent cleaning machines. These units tend to be
used in two distinct areas: movie film cleaning and continuous strip,
wire, or rod cleaning.
Movie Film Cleaning
The movie film cleaning industry typically uses a continuous web
cleaning machine to clean the surfaces on large reels of film.
Typically, a reel is loaded onto the machine and the film threaded
through a series of rollers. The film is then either fed into a vat or
past a series of spray nozzles that apply the chlorinated solvent onto
the film. The film is then dried using air jets, cloth pads, or a
combination of both.
Strip, Rod, or Wire Cleaning
This group of continuous web cleaning machines cleans a more
diverse product group, including large flat pieces of metal, metal
rods, and thin wires. The machines can be dip tanks, spray
applications, or a combination. While the EPA has currently only
identified continuous web cleaning machines used to clean metal
products, these machines may clean nonmetal products which would also
be covered by the HSC NESHAP. The EPA considered both of the above
types of continuous web cleaning machines when developing the changes
discussed today.
B. How Will These Changes Impact My Continuous Web Cleaning Machines?
The changes will enable you to comply with all of the requirements
of the HSC NESHAP. The options are similar to the options for other in-
line cleaning machines. The final rule amendments provide for emission
controls equivalent to existing requirements codified at 40 CFR part
63, subpart T, and include new equivalent
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controls for certain cleaning machines and clarifications of the EPA's
interpretation of existing requirements germane to continuous web
cleaning machines. The changes account for the inherent differences
between the solvent cleaning machines that were the basis for the HSC
NESHAP promulgated in 1994 and continuous web cleaning machines. The
changes to the rule that apply only to continuous web cleaning machines
are:
1. An alternative to the requirement for a maximum parts speed of
11 feet per minute and the requirement for a dwell time in some
options. You are not required to meet the speed and dwell time
requirements if your continuous web cleaning machine meets other
specific requirements. These requirements include a properly designed,
operated, and maintained system to eliminate visible carry out of
solvent on your continuous web product. In addition, you must comply
with the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements for the
controls that replace the hoist speed and dwell requirements.
2. A change in the alternative for continuous web cleaning machines
venting to a carbon adsorber. A properly designed and operated
continuous web cleaning machine can comply with the new or existing
source requirements by venting the exhaust from the enclosed cleaning
chamber through a properly operated and maintained carbon adsorption
system instead of one of the equipment combinations listed in the HSC
NESHAP. However, the system used must be demonstrated to the
Administrator's satisfaction to achieve an overall solvent control
efficiency of 70 percent.
3. A clarification that there is no freeboard ratio requirement and
freeboard refrigeration device requirement if your continuous web
cleaning machine does not have an exposed sump. That is, if your
continuous web cleaning machine has a remote reservoir, no freeboard
ratio and freeboard refrigeration device requirements apply.
Requirements for remote reservoir continuous web cleaning machines have
been included in a new paragraph that has been added to Sec. 63.463 of
the rule.
4. A clarification that the ban on the cleaning of absorbent
materials does not apply to cloth rollers used in the cleaning process
inside your machine. However, you do have requirements that apply when
you remove these rollers from the machine.
5. A clarification on the interpretation of superheated vapor
technology for continuous web cleaning machines. The new interpretation
allows for any technology that raises the continuous web part above the
boiling point of the solvent. A new term, superheated part technology,
has been added to the rule to more clearly address this situation.
Therefore, as with the HSC NESHAP promulgated in 1994, your specific
compliance options in the amended HSC NESHAP depend on whether your
cleaning machines are considered to be new or existing.
C. How Do I Know if My Machine Is a ``New'' or an ``Existing''
Continuous Web Cleaning Machine?
Machines are classified as either new or existing based on the date
of construction. Continuous web cleaning machines on which construction
started before November 29, 1993, the date the HSC NESHAP was proposed,
are existing affected sources. Machines upon which construction started
on November 29, 1993 or later are new affected sources.
D. When Must I Comply With These New Requirements?
You must comply with these requirements by December 2, 1999 for
both your new and existing affected sources. This date was established
in a Federal Register final rule published on December 11, 1998 (63 FR
68397).
III. Other Changes
A. What Change Is EPA Making That Applies to My Transformer Cleaning
Operations?
The EPA has recently become aware of a potential conflict between
the HSC NESHAP and some specific Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
permits. Some facilities clean transformers contaminated with PCBs
using batch cold halogenated solvent cleaning machines. The cleaning of
these PCB-laden transformers is covered under TSCA permits, which
include requirements to ensure proper draining and proper disposal of
all materials. These transformers often include absorbent materials
(i.e., cardboard). The HSC NESHAP requirements for cold cleaning
machines state that ``Sponges, fabric, wood, and paper shall not be
cleaned.'' (Sec. 63.462(c)(8)).
It is not EPA's intent to prohibit the proper decontamination
operation for PCB-laden transformers. The intent of this requirement in
the HSC NESHAP is to reduce the amount of solvent loss due to improper
cleaning of absorbent materials, such as rags and cloths. The EPA has
reviewed the requirements in an example permit of a facility conducting
decontamination of these transformers and concluded that TSCA permits
should adequately ensure that the intent of the HSC NESHAP is met for
these operations. For example, these permits have sufficient
requirements for proper draining and disposal of the transformers.
Therefore, EPA is adding an exclusion for cleaning absorbent materials
in PCB-laden transformers, in compliance with a permit issued under
TSCA, in the final rule.
B. What Changes Impact My Steam-Heated Vapor Cleaning Machines?
Steam-heated vapor cleaning machines will no longer be required to
have a device that shuts off the sump heat if the liquid level drops to
the sump heater coils (Sec. 63.463(a)(4)). This requirement was
included in the HSC NESHAP for all machines. However, since the
promulgation of the HSC NESHAP, EPA has determined that this device is
not necessary for steam-heated machines because these machines are not
able to heat the solvent to a temperature above the decomposition
temperatures of any of the regulated halogenated solvents.
IV. Impacts
The changes contained in these final rule amendments are
corrections, clarifications, and equivalent compliance alternatives and
do not change the intended coverage of the HSC NESHAP (subpart T).
These changes will not affect the estimated emission reductions or the
control costs for these rules. These clarifications and corrections
should make it easier for owners and operators of affected sources, and
for local and State authorities, to understand and implement the
requirements in subpart T. The equivalent compliance alternatives will
make it possible for owners and operators of continuous web cleaning
machines to comply with all requirements of subpart T.
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the EPA
must submit significant regulatory actions to the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) for review. The Executive Order defines ``significant
regulatory action'' as one that OMB determines is likely to result in a
rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or
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State, local, or tribal governments or communities;
(2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligations of
recipients thereof; or
(4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
It has been determined that this final rule does not qualify as a
``significant regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order
12866 and, therefore, is not subject to review by OMB.
B. Executive Order 13132: (Federalism)
Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
``Policies that have federalism implications is defined in the
Executive Order to include regulations that have substantial direct
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.'' Under
Executive Order 13132, EPA may not issue a regulation that has
federalism implications, that imposes substantial direct compliance
costs, and that is not required by statute, unless the Federal
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance
costs incurred by State and local governments, or EPA consults with
State and local officials early in the process of developing the
proposed regulation. The EPA also may not issue a regulation that has
federalism implications and that preempts State law unless the Agency
consults with State and local officials early in the process of
developing the proposed regulation.
If EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 13132 requires EPA
to provide to OMB, in a separately identified section of the preamble
to the rule, a federalism summary impact statement (FSIS). The FSIS
must include a description of the extent of EPA's prior consultation
with State and local officials, a summary of the nature of their
concerns and the Agency's position supporting the need to issue the
regulation, and a statement of the extent to which the concerns of
State and local officials have been met. Also, when EPA transmits a
draft final rule with federalism implications to OMB for review
pursuant to Executive Order 12866, EPA must include a certification
from the Agency's Federalism Official stating that EPA has met the
requirements of Executive Order 13132 in a meaningful and timely
manner.
This final rule will not have substantial direct effects on the
States, on the relationship between the national government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132.
This final rule only provides amendments to ensure that all owners or
operators of solvent cleaning machines have appropriate and attainable
requirements for their cleaning machines. Thus, the requirements of
section 6 of the Executive Order do not apply to this rule.
C. Executive Order 13084: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
Under Executive Order 13084, the EPA may not issue a regulation
that is not required by statute, that significantly or uniquely affects
the communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes
substantial direct compliance costs on those communities unless the
Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct
compliance costs incurred by the tribal governments or the EPA consults
with those governments. If the EPA complies by consulting, Executive
Order 13084 requires the EPA to provide to OMB, in a separately
identified section of the preamble to the rule, a description of the
extent of the EPA's prior consultation with representatives of affected
tribal governments, a summary of the nature of their concerns, and a
statement supporting the need to issue the regulation. In addition,
Executive Order 13084 requires the EPA to develop an effective process
permitting elected officials and other representatives of Indian tribal
governments ``to provide meaningful and timely input in the development
of regulatory policies on matters that significantly or uniquely affect
their communities.''
These final rule amendments do not impose any duties or compliance
costs on Indian tribal governments. Further, the final rule amendments
provided herein do not significantly alter the control standards
imposed by the HSC NESHAP for any source, including any that may affect
communities of the Indian tribal governments. Hence, today's final rule
amendments do not significantly or uniquely affect the communities of
Indian tribal governments. Accordingly, the requirements of section
3(b) of Executive Order 13084 do not apply.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) of 1995, Pub.
L. No. 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess
the effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, the
EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-
benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal
mandates'' that may result in expenditures to State, local, and tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100
million or more in any 1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for
which a written statement is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally
requires the EPA to identify and consider a reasonable number of
regulatory alternatives and adopt the least costly, most cost-
effective, or least burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives
of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when they are
inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, section 205 allows the EPA
to adopt an alternative other than the least costly, most cost-
effective, or least burdensome alternative if the Administrator
publishes with the final rule an explanation why that alternative was
not adopted. Before the EPA establishes any regulatory requirements
that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including
tribal governments, it must have developed under section 203 of the
UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for
notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling officials of
affected small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the
development of the EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal
intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and advising
small governments on compliance with the regulatory requirements.
The EPA has determined that these final rule amendments do not
include a Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs of $100
million or more to either State, local, or tribal governments in the
aggregate or to the private sector in any 1 year, and that these final
rule amendments do not significantly or uniquely impact small
governments, because they contain no requirements that apply to such
governments or impose obligations upon them. The EPA has not prepared
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a budgetary impact statement or specifically addressed the selection of
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative.
In addition, because small governments will not be significantly or
uniquely affected by these final rule amendments, the EPA is not
required to develop a plan with regard to small governments. Therefore,
the requirements of the UMRA do not apply.
E. Regulatory Flexibility/Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (5 U.S.C. 601, et seq.), as
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
(SBREFA) of 1996, requires the EPA to give special consideration to the
effect of Federal regulations on small entities and to consider
regulatory options that might mitigate any such impacts. The EPA must
prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis unless the EPA certifies that
the rule will not have a ``significant impact on a substantial number
of small entities.'' Small entities include small businesses, small
not-for-profit enterprises, and small government jurisdictions.
These final rule amendments would not have a significant impact on
a substantial number of small entities because they clarify and make
corrections to the promulgated HSC NESHAP, but impose no additional
regulatory requirements on owners or operators of affected sources.
F. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection request (ICR) was submitted to the OMB
under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq.) at the time
this rule was originally promulgated. These final rule amendments to
the HSC NESHAP will have no impact on the information collection burden
estimates made previously. Therefore, the ICR has not been revised.
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), applies
to any rule that (1) is determined to be ``economically significant''
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an
environmental health or safety risk that the EPA has reason to believe
may have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory
action meets both criteria, the EPA must evaluate the environmental
health or safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain
why the planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective
and reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the EPA.
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, so that
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has
the potential to influence the regulation. These final rule amendments
are not subject to Executive Order 13045 because they are not an
``economically significant'' regulatory action as defined by Executive
Order 12866 and are based on technology performance rather than health
or risks that may disproportionately affect children.
H. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801, et seq., as added by
the SBREFA of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take
effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report,
which includes a copy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to
the Comptroller General of the United States. The EPA will submit a
report containing this direct final rule and other required information
to the United States Senate, the United States House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of this final rule in the Federal Register. A major rule
cannot take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal
Register. These final amendments are not a ``major rule'' as defined by
5 U.S.C. 804(2).
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act (NTTAA) of 1995, Public Law 104-113, Section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272
note), directs the EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its
regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with
applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards
are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods,
sampling procedures, business practices, etc.) that are developed or
adopted by one or more voluntary consensus standards bodies. The NTTAA
requires the EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, with explanations
when the EPA decides not to use available and applicable voluntary
consensus standards. This action does not involve the proposal of any
new technical standards.
As part of a larger effort, the EPA is undertaking a project to
cross-reference existing voluntary consensus standards on testing,
sampling, and analysis with current and future EPA test methods. When
completed, this project will assist the EPA in identifying potentially
applicable voluntary consensus standards which can then be evaluated
for equivalency and applicability in determining compliance with future
regulations.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: November 29, 1999.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, part 63, title 40, chapter
I of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows.
PART 63--[AMENDED]
1. The authority for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
Subpart T--National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent
Cleaning
2. Section 63.461 is amended by adding, in alphabetical order,
definitions for ``Air knife system,'' ``Combined squeegee and air knife
system,'' ``Remote reservoir continuous web cleaning machine,''
``Squeegee system,'' and ``Superheated part technology,'' and by
revising the definition of ``Continuous web cleaning machine'' to read
as follows:
Sec. 63.461 Definitions.
* * * * *
Air knife system means a device that directs forced air at high
pressure, high volume, or a combination of high pressure and high
volume, through a small opening directly at the surface of a continuous
web part. The purpose of this system is to remove the solvent film from
the surfaces of the continuous web part.
* * * * *
Combined squeegee and air-knife system means a system consisting of
a combination of a squeegee system and an air-knife system within a
single enclosure.
* * * * *
Continuous web cleaning machine means a solvent cleaning machine in
[[Page 67799]]
which parts such as film, coils, wire, and metal strips are cleaned at
speeds typically in excess of 11 feet per minute. Parts are generally
uncoiled, cleaned such that the same part is simultaneously entering
and exiting the solvent application area of the solvent cleaning
machine, and then recoiled or cut. For the purposes of this subpart,
all continuous web cleaning machines are considered to be a subset of
in-line solvent cleaning machines.
* * * * *
Remote reservoir continuous web cleaning machine means a continuous
web cleaning machine in which there is no exposed solvent sump. In
these units, the solvent is pumped from an enclosed chamber and is
typically applied to the continuous web part through a nozzle or series
of nozzles. The solvent then drains from the part and is collected and
recycled through the machine, allowing no solvent to pool in the work
or cleaning area.
* * * * *
Squeegee system means a system that uses a series of pliable
surfaces to remove the solvent film from the surfaces of the continuous
web part. These pliable surfaces, called squeegees, are typically made
of rubber or plastic media, and need to be periodically replaced to
ensure continued proper function.
* * * * *
Superheated part technology means a system that is part of the
continuous web process that heats the continuous web part either
directly or indirectly to a temperature above the boiling point of the
cleaning solvent. This could include a process step, such as a tooling
die that heats the part as it is processed, as long as the part remains
superheated through the cleaning machine.
* * * * *
3. Section 63.462 is amended by revising paragraph (c) introductory
text, paragraph (c)(8), and adding paragraph (c)(9) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.462 Batch cold cleaning machine standards.
* * * * *
(c) Each owner or operator of a batch cold solvent cleaning machine
complying with paragraph (a)(2) or (b) of this section shall comply
with the work and operational practice requirements specified in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(9) of this section as applicable.
* * * * *
(8) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(9) of this section,
sponges, fabric, wood, and paper products shall not be cleaned.
(9) The prohibition in paragraph (c)(8) of this section does not
apply to the cleaning of porous materials that are part of
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) laden transformers if those transformers
are handled throughout the cleaning process and disposed of in
compliance with an approved PCB disposal permit issued in accordance
with the Toxic Substances Control Act.
* * * * *
4. Section 63.463 is amended by:
a. Revising paragraph (a) introductory text;
b. Revising paragraph (c) introductory text;
c. Revising paragraph (d) introductory text;
d. Revising paragraph (e) introductory text and paragraph (e)(2)
introductory text;
e. Adding paragraphs (e)(2)(viii) through (xi); and
f. Adding paragraphs (g) and (h).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 63.463 Batch vapor and in-line cleaning machine standards.
(a) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464 for all cleaning machines,
each owner or operator of a solvent cleaning machine subject to the
provisions of this subpart shall ensure that each existing or new batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine subject to the provisions of
this subpart conforms to the design requirements specified in
paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section. The owner or operator of
a continuous web cleaning machine shall comply with the requirements of
paragraph (g) or (h) of this section, as appropriate, in lieu of
complying with this paragraph.
* * * * *
(c) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464 for all cleaning machines,
each owner or operator of an in-line cleaning machine shall comply with
paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section as appropriate. The owner or
operator of a continuous web cleaning machine shall comply with the
requirements of paragraph (g) or (h) of this section, as appropriate,
in lieu of complying with this paragraph.
* * * * *
(d) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464 for all cleaning machines,
each owner or operator of an existing or new batch vapor or in-line
solvent cleaning machine shall meet all of the following required work
and operational practices specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (12)
of this section as applicable. The owner or operator of a continuous
web cleaning machine shall comply with the requirements of paragraph
(g) or (h) of this section, as appropriate, in lieu of complying with
this paragraph.
* * * * *
(e) Each owner or operator of a solvent cleaning machine complying
with paragraph (b), (c), or (g) of this section shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this
section.
* * * * *
(2) Determine during each monitoring period whether each control
device used to comply with these standards meets the requirements
specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) through (xi) of this section.
* * * * *
(viii) If a superheated part system is used to comply with the
standards for continuous web cleaning machines in paragraph (g) of this
section, the owner or operator shall ensure that the temperature of the
continuous web part is at least 10 degrees Fahrenheit above the solvent
boiling point while the part is traveling through the cleaning machine.
(ix) If a squeegee system is used to comply with the continuous web
cleaning requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(iii) of this section, the
owner or operator shall comply with the following requirements.
(A) Determine the appropriate maximum product throughput for the
squeegees used in the squeegee system, as described in Sec. 63.465(f).
(B) Conduct the weekly monitoring required by Sec. 63.466(a)(3).
Record both the results of the visual inspection and the length of
continuous web product cleaned during the previous week.
(C) Calculate the total amount of continuous web product processed
since the squeegees were replaced and compare to the maximum product
throughput for the squeegees.
(D) Ensure squeegees are replaced at or before the maximum product
throughput is attained.
(E) Redetermine the maximum product throughput for the squeegees if
any solvent film is visible on the continuous web part immediately
after it exits the cleaning machine.
(x) If an air knife system is used to comply with the continuous
web cleaning requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(iii) of this section, the
owner or operator shall comply with the following requirements.
(A) Determine the air knife parameter and parameter value that
demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that the air knife is
properly operating. An air knife is properly operating if no visible
solvent film remains on the continuous web part after it exits the
cleaning machine.
[[Page 67800]]
(B) Maintain the selected air knife parameter value at the level
determined in paragraph (a) of this section.
(C) Conduct the weekly monitoring required by Sec. 63.466(a)(3).
(D) Redetermine the proper air knife parameter value if any solvent
film is visible on the continuous web part immediately after it exits
the cleaning machine.
(xi) If a combination squeegee and air knife system is used to
comply with the continuous web cleaning requirements of paragraph
(g)(3)(iii) of this section, the owner or operator shall comply with
the following requirements.
(A) Determine the system parameter and value that demonstrate to
the Administrator's satisfaction that the system is properly operating.
(B) Maintain the selected parameter value at the level determined
in paragraph (a) of this section.
(C) Conduct the weekly monitoring required by Sec. 63.466(a)(3).
(D) Redetermine the proper parameter value if any solvent film is
visible on the continuous web part immediately after it exits the
cleaning machine.
* * * * *
(g) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464 and in paragraph (h) of this
section for remote reservoir continuous web cleaning machines, each
owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machine shall comply
with paragraphs (g)(1) through (4) of this section for each continuous
web cleaning machine.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(2) of this section,
install, maintain, and operate one of the following control
combinations on each continuous web cleaning machine.
(i) For each existing continuous web cleaning machine, the
following control combinations are allowed:
(A) Superheated vapor or superheated part technology, and a
freeboard ratio of 1.0 or greater.
(B) Freeboard refrigeration device and a freeboard ratio of 1.0 or
greater.
(C) Carbon adsorption system meeting the requirements of paragraph
(e)(2)(vii) of this section.
(ii) For each new continuous web cleaning machine, the following
control combinations are allowed:
(A) Superheated vapor or superheated part technology, and a
freeboard refrigeration device.
(B) A freeboard refrigeration device and a carbon adsorber meeting
the requirements of paragraph (e)(2)(vii) of this section.
(C) Superheated vapor or superheated part technology, and a carbon
adsorber meeting the requirements of paragraph (e)(2)(vii) of this
section.
(2) If a carbon adsorber system can be demonstrated to the
Administrator's satisfaction to have an overall solvent control
efficiency (i.e., capture efficiency removal efficiency) of 70 percent
or greater, this system is equivalent to the options in paragraph (g)
of this section.
(3) In lieu of complying with the provisions of paragraph (a) of
this section, the owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning
machine shall comply with the following provisions:
(i) Each cleaning machine shall meet one of the following control
equipment or technique requirements:
(A) An idling and downtime mode cover, as described in paragraph
(d)(1)(i) of this section, that may be readily opened or closed; that
completely covers the cleaning machine openings when in place; and is
free of cracks, holes, and other defects. A continuous web part that
completely occupies an entry or exit port when the machine is idle is
considered to meet this requirement.
(B) A reduced room draft as described in paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of
this section.
(C) Gasketed or leakproof doors that separate both the continuous
web part feed reel and take-up reel from the room atmosphere if the
doors are checked according to the requirements of paragraph
(e)(2)(iii) of this section.
(D) A cleaning machine that is demonstrated to the Administrator's
satisfaction to be under negative pressure during idling and downtime
and is vented to a carbon adsorption system that meets the requirements
of either paragraph (e)(2)(vii) of this section or paragraph (g)(2) of
this section.
(ii) Each continuous web cleaning machine shall have a freeboard
ratio of 0.75 or greater unless that cleaning machine is a remote
reservoir continuous web cleaning machine.
(iii) Each cleaning machine shall have an automated parts handling
system capable of moving parts or parts baskets at a speed of 3.4
meters per minute (11 feet per minute) or less from the initial loading
of parts through removal of cleaned parts, unless the cleaning machine
is a continuous web cleaning machine that has a squeegee system or air
knife system installed, maintained, and operated on the continuous web
cleaning machine meeting the requirements of paragraph (e) of this
section.
(iv) Each vapor cleaning machine shall be equipped with a device
that shuts off the sump heat if the sump liquid solvent level drops to
the sump heater coils.
(v) Each vapor cleaning machine shall be equipped with a vapor
level control device that shuts off sump heat if the vapor level in the
vapor cleaning machine rises above the height of the primary condenser.
(vi) Each vapor cleaning machine shall have a primary condenser.
(vii) Each cleaning machine that uses an exhaust shall be designed
and operated to route all collected solvent vapors through a properly
operated and maintained carbon adsorber that meets the requirements of
paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section.
(4) In lieu of complying with the provisions of paragraph (d) of
this section, the owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning
machine shall comply with the following provisions:
(i) Control air disturbances across the cleaning machine opening(s)
by incorporating one of the following control equipment or techniques:
(A) Cover(s) to each solvent cleaning machine shall be in place
during the idling mode and during the downtime mode unless either the
solvent has been removed from the machine or maintenance or monitoring
is being performed that requires the cover(s) in place. A continuous
web part that completely occupies an entry or exit port when the
machine is idle is considered to meet this requirement.
(B) A reduced room draft as described in paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of
this section.
(C) Gasketed or leakproof doors or covers that separate both the
continuous web part feed reel and take-up reel from the room atmosphere
if the doors are checked according to the requirements of paragraph
(e)(2)(iii) of this section.
(D) A cleaning machine that is demonstrated to the Administrator's
satisfaction to be under negative pressure during idling and downtime
and is vented to a carbon adsorption system that meets either the
requirements of paragraph (e)(2)(vii) of this section or paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
(ii) Any spraying operations shall be conducted in a section of the
solvent cleaning machine that is not directly exposed to the ambient
air (i.e., a baffled or enclosed area of the solvent cleaning machine)
or within a machine having a door or cover that meets the requirements
of paragraph (g)(4)(i)(C) of this section.
(iii) During startup of each vapor cleaning machine, the primary
condenser shall be turned on before the sump heater.
(iv) During shutdown of each vapor cleaning machine, the sump
heater shall be turned off and the solvent vapor layer
[[Page 67801]]
allowed to collapse before the primary condenser is turned off.
(v) When solvent is added or drained from any solvent cleaning
machine, the solvent shall be transferred using threaded or other
leakproof couplings, and the end of the pipe in the solvent sump shall
be located beneath the liquid solvent surface.
(vi) Each solvent cleaning machine and associated controls shall be
maintained as recommended by the manufacturers of the equipment or
using alternative maintenance practices that have been demonstrated to
the Administrator's satisfaction to achieve the same or better results
as those recommended by the manufacturer.
(vii) Waste solvent, still bottoms, sump bottoms, and waste
absorbent materials used in the cleaning process for continuous web
cleaning machines shall be collected and stored in waste containers.
The closed containers may contain a device that would allow pressure
relief, but would not allow liquid solvent to drain from the container.
(viii) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(4)(ix) of this section,
sponges, fabric, wood, and paper products shall not be cleaned.
(ix) The prohibition in paragraph (g)(4)(viii) of this section does
not apply to absorbent materials that are used as part of the cleaning
process of continuous web cleaning machines, including rollers and
roller covers.
(h) Except as provided in Sec. 63.464, each owner or operator of a
remote reservoir continuous web cleaning machine shall comply with
paragraphs (h)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (h)(2) of this section,
install, maintain, and operate one of the following controls on each
new remote reservoir continuous web cleaning machine.
(i) Superheated vapor or superheated part technology.
(ii) A carbon adsorber meeting the requirements of paragraph
(e)(2)(vii) of this section.
(iii) If a carbon adsorber system can be demonstrated to the
Administrator's satisfaction to have an overall solvent control
efficiency (i.e., capture efficiency removal efficiency) of 70 percent
or greater, this system is equivalent to the options in paragraphs
(h)(1)(i) and (h)(1)(ii) of this section.
(2) In lieu of complying with the provisions of paragraph (a) of
this section, the owner or operator of a remote reservoir continuous
web cleaning machine shall comply with the following provisions:
(i) Each cleaning machine shall have an automated parts handling
system capable of moving parts or parts baskets at a speed of 3.4
meters per minute (11 feet per minute) or less from the initial loading
of parts through removal of cleaned parts, unless the cleaning machine
is a continuous web cleaning machine that has a squeegee system or air
knife system installed, maintained, and operated on the continuous web
cleaning machine meeting the requirements of paragraph (e) of this
section.
(ii) Each vapor cleaning machine shall be equipped with a device
that shuts off the sump heat if the sump liquid solvent level drops to
the sump heater coils.
(iii) Each vapor cleaning machine shall be equipped with a vapor
level control device that shuts off sump heat if the vapor level in the
vapor cleaning machine rises above the height of the primary condenser.
(iv) Each vapor cleaning machine shall have a primary condenser.
(v) Each cleaning machine that uses an exhaust shall be designed
and operated to route all collected solvent vapors through a properly
operated and maintained carbon adsorber that meets the requirements of
either paragraph (e)(2)(vii) of this section or paragraph (g)(2) of
this section.
(3) In lieu of complying with the provisions of paragraph (d) of
this section, the owner or operator of a remote reservoir continuous
web cleaning machine shall comply with the following provisions:
(i) Any spraying operations shall be conducted in a section of the
solvent cleaning machine that is not directly exposed to the ambient
air (i.e., a baffled or enclosed area of the solvent cleaning machine)
or within a machine having a door or cover that meets the requirements
of paragraph (g)(4)(i)(C) of this section.
(ii) During startup of each vapor cleaning machine, the primary
condenser shall be turned on before the sump heater.
(iii) During shutdown of each vapor cleaning machine, the sump
heater shall be turned off and the solvent vapor layer allowed to
collapse before the primary condenser is turned off.
(iv) When solvent is added or drained from any solvent cleaning
machine, the solvent shall be transferred using threaded or other
leakproof couplings, and the end of the pipe in the solvent sump shall
be located beneath the liquid solvent surface.
(v) Each solvent cleaning machine and associated controls shall be
maintained as recommended by the manufacturers of the equipment or
using alternative maintenance practices that have been demonstrated to
the Administrator's satisfaction to achieve the same or better results
as those recommended by the manufacturer.
(vi) Waste solvent, still bottoms, sump bottoms, and waste
absorbent materials used in the cleaning process for continuous web
cleaning machines shall be collected and stored in waste containers.
The closed containers may contain a device that would allow pressure
relief, but would not allow liquid solvent to drain from the container.
(vii) Except as provided in paragraph (h)(3)(viii) of this section,
sponges, fabric, wood, and paper products shall not be cleaned.
(viii) The prohibition in paragraph (h)(3)(vii) of this section
does not apply to absorbent materials that are used as part of the
cleaning process of continuous web cleaning machines, including rollers
and roller covers.
5. Section 63.464 is amended by adding paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.464 Alternative Standards.
* * * * *
(d) As an alternative to meeting the requirements in Sec. 63.463,
each owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machine can
demonstrate an overall cleaning system control efficiency of 70 percent
using the procedures in Sec. 63.465(g).
6. Section 63.465 is amended by:
a. Revising paragraph (a);
b. Revising paragraph (b);
c. Revising paragraph (c) introductory text; and
d. Adding paragraphs (f), (g) and (h).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 63.465 Test methods.
* * * * *
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section
for continuous web cleaning machines, each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine complying with an idling
emission limit standard in Sec. 63.463(b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(ii),
(c)(1)(ii), or (c)(2)(ii) shall determine the idling emission rate of
the solvent cleaning machine using Reference Method 307 in appendix A
of this part.
(b) Except as provided in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section
for continuous web cleaning machines, each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine complying with Sec. 63.464
shall, on the first operating day of every month, ensure that the
solvent cleaning machine system contains only clean liquid solvent.
This includes, but is not limited to, fresh unused solvent, recycled
solvent and used solvent that has been
[[Page 67802]]
cleaned of soils. A fill-line must be indicated during the first month
the measurements are made. The solvent level within the machine must be
returned to the same fill-line each month, immediately prior to
calculating monthly emissions as specified in paragraph (c) of this
section. The solvent cleaning machine does not have to be emptied and
filled with fresh unused solvent prior to the calculations.
(c) Except as provided in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section
for continuous web cleaning machines, each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine complying with Sec. 63.464
shall, on the first operating day of the month, comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this
section.
* * * * *
(f) Each owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machine
using a squeegee system to comply with Sec. 63.463(g)(3) shall
determine the maximum product throughput using the method in this
paragraph. The maximum product throughput for each squeegee type used
at a facility must be determined prior to December 2, 1999, the
compliance date for these units.
(1) Conduct daily visual inspections of the continuous web part.
This monitoring shall be conducted at the point where the continuous
web part exits the squeegee system. It is not necessary for the
squeegees to be new at the time monitoring is begun if the following
two conditions are met:
(i) The continuous web part leaving the squeegee system has no
visible solvent film.
(ii) The amount of continuous web that has been processed through
the squeegees since the last replacement is known.
(2) Continue daily monitoring until a visible solvent film is noted
on the continuous web part.
(3) Determine the length of continuous web product that has been
cleaned using the squeegee since it was installed.
(4) The maximum product throughput for the purposes of this rule is
equal to the time it takes to clean 95 percent of the length of product
determined in paragraph (f)(3) of this section. This time period, in
days, may vary depending on the amount of continuous web product
cleaned each day.
(g) Each owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machine
demonstrating compliance with the alternative standard of
Sec. 63.464(d) shall, on the first day of every month, ensure that the
solvent cleaning machine contains only clean liquid solvent. This
includes, but is not limited to, fresh unused solvent, recycled
solvent, and used solvent that has been cleaned of soils. A fill-line
must be indicated during the first month the measurements are made. The
solvent level with the machine must be returned to the same fill-line
each month, immediately prior to calculating overall cleaning system
control efficiency emissions as specified in paragraph (h) in this
section. The solvent cleaning machine does not need to be emptied and
filled with fresh unused solvent prior to the calculation.
(h) Each owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machines
complying with Sec. 63.464(d) shall, on the first operating day of the
month, comply with the following requirements.
(1) Using the records of all solvent additions, solvent deletions,
and solvent recovered for the previous monthly reporting period
required under Sec. 63.467(e), determine overall cleaning system
control efficiency (Eo) using Equation 8 as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03DE99.024
Where:
Eo = overall cleaning system control efficiency
Ri = the total amount of halogenated HAP liquid solvent
recycled to the solvent cleaning machine during the most recent monthly
reporting period i, (kilograms of solvent per month).
Sai = the total amount of halogenated HAP liquid solvent
added to the solvent cleaning machine during the most recent monthly
reporting period i, (kilograms of solvent per month).
SSRi = the total amount of halogenated HAP solvent removed
from the solvent cleaning machine in solid waste, obtained as described
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, during the most recent monthly
reporting period i, (kilograms of solvent per month).
7. Section 63.466 is amended by revising paragraph (a) introductory
text and adding paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.466 Monitoring procedures.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, each owner
or operator of a batch vapor or in-line solvent cleaning machine
complying with the equipment standards in Sec. 63.463(b)(1)(i),
(b)(2)(i), (c)(1)(i), (c)(2)(i), (g)(1), or (g)(2) shall conduct
monitoring and record the results on a weekly basis for the control
devices, as appropriate, specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of
this section.
* * * * *
(3) If a squeegee system, air knife system, or combination squeegee
and air knife system is used to comply with the requirements of
Sec. 63.463(g) or (h), the owner or operator shall visually inspect the
continuous web part exiting the solvent cleaning machine to ensure that
no solvent film is visible on the part.
(4) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, if a
superheated part system is used to comply with the requirements of
Sec. 63.463(g) or (h), the owner or operator shall use a thermometer,
thermocouple, or other temperature measurement device to measure the
temperature of the continuous web part while it is in the solvent
cleaning machine. This measurement can also be taken at the exit of the
solvent cleaning machine.
(5) As an alternative to complying with paragraph (a)(4) of this
section, the owner or operator can provide data, sufficient to satisfy
the Administrator, that demonstrate that the part temperature remains
above the boiling point of the solvent at all times that the part is
within the continuous web solvent cleaning machine. This data could
include design and operating conditions such as information supporting
any exothermic reaction inherent in the processing.
* * * * *
8. Section 63.467 is amended by revising paragraph (a) introductory
text, paragraph (c) introductory text and by adding paragraph (a)(6),
paragraph (a)(7) and paragraph (e) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.467 Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator of a batch vapor or in-line solvent
cleaning machine complying with the provisions of Sec. 63.463 shall
maintain records in written or electronic form specified in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (7) of this section for the lifetime of the machine.
* * * * *
(6) If a squeegee system is used to comply with these standards,
records of the test required by Sec. 63.466(f) to determine the maximum
product throughput for the squeegees.
(7) If an air knife system or a combination squeegee and air knife
system is used to comply with these standards, records of the
determination of the proper operating parameter and parameter value for
the air knife system.
* * * * *
(c) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section for
continuous web cleaning machines, each owner or operator of a batch
vapor or in-line
[[Page 67803]]
solvent cleaning machine complying with the provisions of Sec. 63.464
shall maintain records specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of
this section either in electronic or written form for a period of 5
years.
* * * * *
(e) Each owner or operator of a continuous web cleaning machine
complying with the provisions of Sec. 63.464(d) shall maintain the
following records in either electronic or written form for a period of
5 years.
(1) The dates and amounts of solvent that are added to the solvent
cleaning machine.
(2) The dates and amounts of solvent that are recovered from the
desorption of the carbon adsorber system.
(3) The solvent composition of wastes removed from each cleaning
machine as determined using the procedures in Sec. 63.465(c)(2).
(4) Calculation sheets showing the calculation and results of
determining the overall cleaning system control efficiency, as required
by Sec. 63.465.
[FR Doc. 99-31356 Filed 12-2-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
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