National Recommended Water Quality Criteria; Republication

SUMMARY: EPA is publishing a compilation of its national recommended

water quality criteria for 157 pollutants, developed pursuant to

section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (CWA or the Act). These

recommended criteria provide guidance for States and Tribes in adopting

water quality standards under section 303(c) of the CWA. Such standards

are used in implementing a number of environmental programs, including

setting discharge limits in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination

System (NPDES) permits. These water quality criteria are not

regulations, and do not impose legally binding requirements on EPA,

States, Tribes or the public.

This document also describes changes in EPA's process for deriving

new and revised 304(a) criteria. Comments provided to the Agency about

the content of this Notice will be considered in future publications of

water quality criteria and in carrying out the process for deriving

water quality criteria. With this improved process the public will have

more opportunity to provide data and views for consideration by EPA.

The public may send any comments or observations regarding the

compilation format or the process for deriving new or revised water

quality criteria to the Agency now, or anytime while the process is

being implemented.

ADDRESSES: A copy of the document, ``National Recommended Water Quality

Criteria'' is available from the U.S. EPA, National Center for

Environmental Publications and Information, 11029 Kenwood Road,

Cincinnati, Ohio 45242, phone (513) 489-8190. The publication is also

available electronically at: http://www.epa.gov/ost. Send an original

and 3 copies of written comments to W-98-24 Comment Clerk, Water

Docket, MC 4104, US EPA, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460.

Comments may also be submitted electronically to OW-

D[email protected]. Comments should be submitted as a WP5.1, 6.1 or

an ASCII file with no form of encryption. The documents cited in the

compilation of recommended criteria are available for inspection from 9

to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays, at the

Water Docket, EB57, East Tower Basement, USEPA, 401 M St., S.W.,

Washington, D.C. 20460. For access to these materials, please call

(202) 260-3027 to schedule an appointment.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cindy A. Roberts, Health and

Ecological Criteria Division (4304), U.S. EPA, 401 M. Street, S.W.,

Washington, D.C. 20460; (202) 260-2787; [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. What Are Water Quality Criteria?

Section 304(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act requires EPA to develop

and publish, and from time to time revise, criteria for water quality

accurately reflecting the latest scientific knowledge. Water quality

criteria developed under section 304(a) are based solely on data and

scientific judgments on the relationship between pollutant

concentrations and environmental and human health effects. Section

304(a) criteria do not reflect consideration of economic impacts or the

technological feasibility of meeting the chemical concentrations in

ambient water. Section 304(a) criteria provide guidance to States and

Tribes in adopting water quality standards that ultimately provide a

basis for controlling discharges or releases of pollutants. The

criteria also provide guidance to EPA when promulgating federal

regulations under section 303(c) when such action is necessary.

II. What is in the Compilation Published Today?

EPA is today publishing a compilation of its national recommended

water quality criteria for 157 pollutants. This compilation is also

available in hard copy at the address given above.

The compilation is presented as a summary table containing EPA's

water quality criteria for 147 pollutants, and for an additional 10

pollutants, criteria solely for organoleptic effects. For each set of

criteria, EPA lists a Federal Register citation, EPA document number or

Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) entry (www.epa.gov/ngispgm3/

iris/irisdat). Specific information pertinent to the derivation of

individual criteria may be found in cited references. If no criteria

are listed for a pollutant, EPA does not have any national recommended

water quality criteria.

These water quality criteria are the Agency's current recommended

304(a) criteria, reflecting the latest scientific knowledge. They are

generally applicable to the waters of the United States. EPA recommends

that States and Tribes use these water quality criteria as guidance in

adopting water quality standards pursuant to section 303(c) of the Act

and the implementing of federal regulations at 40 CFR part 131. Water

quality criteria derived to address site-specific situations are not

included; EPA recommends that States and Tribes follow EPA's technical

guidance in the ``Water Quality Standards Handbook--2nd Edition,'' EPA,

August 1994, in deriving such site-specific criteria. EPA recognizes

that in limited circumstances there may be regulatory voids in the

absence of State or Tribal water quality standards for specific

pollutants. However, States and Tribes should utilize the existing

State and Tribal narrative criteria to address such situations; States

and Tribes may consult EPA criteria documents and cites in the summary

table for additional information.

The national recommended water quality criteria include: previously

published criteria that are unchanged; criteria that have been

recalculated from earlier criteria; and newly calculated criteria,

based on peer-reviewed assessments, methodologies and data, that have

not been previously published.

The information used to calculate the water quality criteria is not

included in the summary table. Most information has been previously

published by the Agency in a variety of sources, and the summary table

cites those sources.

When using these 304(a) criteria as guidance in adopting water

quality standards, EPA recommends States and Tribes consult the

citations referenced in the summary table for additional information

regarding the derivation of individual criteria.

The Agency intends to revise the compilation of national

recommended water quality criteria from time to time to keep States and

Tribes informed as to the most current recommended water quality

criteria.

III. How Are National Recommended Water Quality Criteria Used?

Once new or revised 304(a) criteria are published by EPA, the

Agency expects States and Tribes to adopt promptly new or revised

numeric water quality criteria into their standards consistent with one

of the three options in 40 CFR 131.11. These options are: (1) Adopt the

recommended section 304(a) criteria; (2) adopt section 304(a) criteria

modified to reflect site-specific conditions; or, (3) adopt criteria

derived using other scientifically defensible

[[Page 67549]]

methods. In adopting criteria under option (2) or (3), States and

Tribes must adopt water quality criteria sufficient to protect the

designated uses of their waters. When establishing a numerical value

based on 304(a) criteria, States and Tribes may reflect site specific

conditions or use other scientifically defensible methods. However,

States and Tribes should not selectively apply data or selectively use

endpoints, species, risk levels, or exposure parameters in deriving

criteria; this would not accurately characterize risk and would not

result in criteria protective of designated uses.

EPA emphasizes that, in the course of carrying out its

responsibilities under section 303(c), it reviews State and Tribal

water quality standards to assess the need for new or revised water

quality criteria. EPA generally believes that five years from the date

of EPA's publication of new or revised water quality criteria is a

reasonable time by which States and Tribes should take action to adopt

new or revised water quality criteria necessary to protect the

designated uses of their waters. This period is intended to accommodate

those States and Tribes that have begun a triennial review and wish to

complete the actions they have underway, deferring initiating adoption

of new or revised section 304(a) criteria until the next triennial

review.

IV. What is the Status of Existing Criteria While They Are Under

Revision?

The question of the status of the existing section 304(a) criteria

often arises when EPA announces that it is beginning a reassessment of

existing criteria. The general answer is that water quality criteria

published by EPA remain the Agency's recommended water quality criteria

until EPA revises or withdraws the criteria. For example, while

undertaking recent reassessments of dioxin, PCBs, and other chemicals,

EPA has consistently upheld the use of the current section 304(a)

criteria for these chemicals and considers them to be scientifically

sound until new, peer reviewed, scientific assessments indicate changes

are needed. Therefore, the criteria in today's notice are and will

continue to be the Agency's national recommended water quality criteria

for States and Tribes to use in adopting or revising their water

quality standards until superseded by the publication of revised

criteria, or withdrawn by notice in the Federal Register.

V. What is the Process for Developing New or Revised Criteria?

Section 304(a)(1) of the CWA requires the Agency to develop and

publish, and from time to time revise, criteria for water quality

accurately reflecting the latest scientific knowledge. The Agency has

developed an improved process that it intends to use when deriving new

criteria or conducting a major reassessment of existing criteria. The

purpose of the improved process is to provide expanded opportunities

for public input, and to make the process more efficient.

When deriving new criteria, or when initiating a major reassessment

of existing criteria, EPA will take the following steps.

1. EPA will first undertake a comprehensive review of available

data and information.

2. EPA will publish a notice in the Federal Register and on the

Internet announcing its assessment or reassessment of the pollutant.

The notice will describe the data available to the Agency, and will

solicit any additional pertinent data or views that may be useful in

deriving new or revised criteria. EPA is especially interested in

hearing from the public regarding new data or information that was

unavailable to the Agency, and scientific views as to the application

of the relevant Agency methodology for deriving water quality criteria.

3. After public input is received and evaluated, EPA will then

utilize information obtained from both the Agency's literature review

and the public to develop draft recommended water quality criteria.

4. EPA will initiate a peer review of the draft criteria. Agency

peer review consists of a documented critical review by qualified

independent experts. Information about EPA peer review practices may be

found in the Science Policy Council's Peer Review Handbook (EPA 100-B-

98-001, www.epa.gov).

5. Concurrent with the peer review in step four, EPA will publish a

notice in the Federal Register and on the Internet, of the availability

of the draft water quality criteria and solicit views from the public

on issues of science pertaining to the information used in deriving the

draft criteria. The Agency believes it is important to provide the

public with the opportunity to provide scientific views on the draft

criteria even though we are not required to invite and respond to

written comments.

6. EPA will evaluate the results of the peer review, and prepare a

response document for the record in accordance with EPA's Peer Review

Handbook. EPA at the same time will consider views provided by the

public on issues of science. Major scientific issues will be addressed

in the record whether from the peer review or the public.

7. EPA will then revise the draft criteria as necessary, and

announce the availability of the final water quality criteria in the

Federal Register and on the Internet.

VI. What is the Process for Minor Revisions to Criteria?

In addition to developing new criteria, and conducting major

reassessments of existing criteria, EPA also from time to time

recalculates criteria based on new information pertaining to individual

components of the criteria. For example, in today's notice, EPA has

recalculated a number of criteria based on new, peer-reviewed data

contained in EPA's IRIS. Because such recalculations normally result in

only minor changes to the criteria, do not ordinarily involve a change

in the underlying scientific methodologies, and reflect peer-reviewed

data, EPA will typically publish such recalculated criteria directly as

the Agency's recommended water quality criteria. If it appears that a

recalculation results in a significant change EPA will follow the

process of peer review and public input outlined above. Further, when

EPA recalculates national water quality criteria in the course of

proposing or promulgating state-specific federal water quality

standards pursuant to section 303(c), EPA will offer an opportunity for

national public input on the recalculated criteria.

VII. How Does the Process Outlined Above Improve Public Input and

Efficiency?

In the past, EPA developed draft criteria documents and announced

their availability for public comment in the Federal Register. This led

to new data and views coming to EPA's attention after draft criteria

had already been developed. Responding to new data would sometimes lead

to extensive revisions.

The steps outlined above improve the criteria development process

in the following ways.

1. The new process is Internet-based which is in line with EPA

policy for public access and dissemination of information gathered by

EPA. Use of the Internet will allow the public to be more engaged in

the criteria development process than previously and to more

knowledgeably follow criteria development. For new criteria or major

revisions, EPA will announce its

[[Page 67550]]

intentions to derive the new or revised criteria on the Internet and

include a list of the available literature. This will give the public

an opportunity to provide additional data that might not otherwise be

identified by the Agency.

2. The public now has two opportunities to contribute data and

views, before development and during development, instead of a single

opportunity after development.

3. EPA has instituted broader and more formal peer review

procedures. This independent scientific review is a more rigorous

disciplinary practice to ensure technical improvements in Agency

decision making. Previously, EPA used the public comment process

outlined above to obtain peer review. The new process allows for both

public input and a formal peer review, resulting in a more thorough and

complete evaluation of the criteria.

4. Announcing the availability of the draft water quality criteria

on the Internet will give the public an opportunity to provide input on

issues of science in a more timely manner.

VIII. Where Can I Find More Information About Water Quality

Criteria and Water Quality Standards?

For more information about water quality criteria and Water Quality

Standards refer to the following: Water Quality Standards Handbook (EPA

823-B94-005a); Advanced Notice of Proposed Rule Making (ANPRM), (63 FR

36742); Water Quality Criteria and Standards Plan--Priorities for the

Future (EPA 822-R-98-003); Guidelines and Methodologies Used in the

Preparation of Health Effects Assessment Chapters of the Consent Decree

Water Criteria Documents (45 FR 79347); Draft Water Quality Criteria

Methodology Revisions: Human Health (63 FR 43755, EPA 822-Z-98-001);

and Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria

for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses (EPA 822/R-85-

100); National Strategy for the Development of Regional Nutrient

Criteria (EPA 822-R-98-002).

These publications may also be accessed through EPA's National

Center for Environmental Publications and Information (NCEPI) or on the

Office of Science and Technology's Home-page (www.epa.gov/OST).

IX. What Are the National Recommended Water Quality Criteria?

The following compilation and its associated footnotes and notes

presents the national recommended water quality criteria.

[[Page 67551]]

National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Freshwater Saltwater Human health for consumption of:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Priority pollutant CAS No. CMC (g/ CCC (g/ CMC (g/ CCC (g/ Water + organism Organism only FR cite/source

L) L) L) L) (g/L) (g/L)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 Antimony.................... 7440360 .................. .................. .................. .................. 14 B,\\Z.......... 4300 B............ 57 FR 60848

2 Arsenic..................... 7440382 340 A,D,K......... 150 A,D,K......... 69 A,D,bb......... 36A,D,bb.......... .................. .................. 62 FR 42160

0.018 C,M,S....... 0.14 C,M,S........ 57 FR 60848

3 Beryllium................... 7440417 .................. .................. .................. .................. J,\\Z............. J................. 62 FR 42160

4 Cadmium..................... 7440439 4.3 D,\\E,\\K..... 2.2 D,\\E,\\K..... 42 D,\\bb......... 9.3 D,\\bb........ J,\\Z............. J................. 62 FR 42160

5a Chromium III............... 16065831 570 D,\\E,\\K..... 74 D,E,K.......... .................. .................. .................. .................. EPA 820/B-96-001

J,\\Z Total....... J................. 62 FR 42160

5b Chromium VI................ 18540299 16 D,\\K.......... 11 D,\\K.......... 1,100 D,\\bb...... 50 D,\\bb......... J,\\Z Total....... J................. 62 FR 42160

6 Copper...................... 7440508 13 D,\\E,\\K,\\cc. 9.0 D,\\E,\\K,\\cc 4.8 D,\\cc,\\ff... 3.1 D,\\cc,\\ff... 1,300 U........... .................. 62 FR 42160

7 Lead........................ 7439921 65 D,\\E,\\bb,\\gg 2.5 D,\\E,\\bb,\\g 210 D,\\bb........ 8.1 D,\\bb........ J................. J................. 62 FR 42160

g.

8 Mercury..................... 7439976 1.4 D,\\K,\\hh.... 0.77 D,\\K,\\hh... 1.8 D,\\ee,\\hh... 0.94 D,\\ee,\\hh.. 0.050 B........... 0.051 B........... 62 FR 42160

9 Nickel...................... 7440020 470 D,\\E,\\K..... 52 D,\\E,\\K...... 74 D,\\bb......... 8.2 D,\\bb........ 610 B............. 4,600 B........... 62 FR 42160

10 Selenium................... 7782492 L,\\R,\\T......... 5.0 T............. 290 D,\\bb,\\dd... 71 D,\\bb,\\dd.... .................. .................. 62 FR 42160

170 Z............. 11,000............ IRIS 09/01/91

11 Silver..................... 7440224 3.4 D,\\E,\\G..... .................. 1.9 D,\\G......... .................. .................. .................. 62 FR 42160

12 Thallium................... 7440280 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1.7 B............. 6.3 B............. 57 FR 60848

13 Zinc....................... 7440666 120 D,\\E,\\K..... 120 D,\\E,\\K..... 90 D,\\bb......... 81 D,\\bb......... .................. .................. 62 FR 42160

9,100 U........... 69,000 U.......... IRIS 10/01/92

14 Cyanide.................... 57125 22 K,\\Q.......... 5.2 K,\\Q......... .................. .................. .................. .................. EPA 820/B-96-001

1 Q,\\bb.......... 1 Q,\\bb.......... 700 B,\\Z......... 220,000 B,\\H..... 57 FR 60848

15 Asbestos................... 1332214 .................. .................. .................. .................. 7 million fibers/L .................. 57 FR 60848

I.

16 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD Dioxin..... 1746016 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1.3E-8 C.......... 1.4E-8 C.......... 62 FR 42160

17 Acrolein................... 107028 .................. .................. .................. .................. 320............... 780............... 57 FR 60848

18 Acrylonitrile.............. 107131 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.059 B,C......... 0.66 B,C.......... 57 FR 60848

19 Benzene.................... 71432 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1.2 B,C........... 71 B,C............ 62 FR 42160

20 Bromoform.................. 75252 .................. .................. .................. .................. 4.3 B,C........... 360 B,C........... 62 FR 42160

21 Carbon Tetrachloride....... 56235 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.25 B,C.......... 4.4 B,C........... 57 FR 60848

22 Chlorobenzene.............. 108907 .................. .................. .................. .................. 680 B,Z........... 21,000 B,H........ 57 FR 60848

23 Chlorodibromomethane....... 124481 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.41 B,C.......... 34 B,C............ 62 FR 42160

24 Chloroethane............... 75003 ............................

25 2-Chloroethylvinyl Ether... 110758 ............................

26 Chloroform................. 67663 .................. .................. .................. .................. 5.7 B,C........... 470 B,C........... 62 FR 42160

27 Dichlorobromomethane....... 75274 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.56 B,C.......... 46 B,C............ 62 FR 42160

28 1,1-Dichloroethane......... 75343 ............................

29 1,2-Dichloroethane......... 107062 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.38 B,C.......... 99 B,C............ 57 FR 60848

30 1,1-Dichloroethylene....... 75354 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.057 B,C......... 3.2 B,C........... 57 FR 60848

31 1,2-Dichloropropane........ 78875 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.52 B,C.......... 39 B,C............ 62 FR 42160

32 1,3-Dichloropropene........ 542756 .................. .................. .................. .................. 10 B.............. 1,700 B........... 57 FR 60848

33 Ethylbenzene............... 100414 .................. .................. .................. .................. 3,100 B,Z......... 29,000 B.......... 62 FR 42160

34 Methyl Bromide............. 74839 .................. .................. .................. .................. 48 B.............. 4000 B............ 62 FR 42160

35 Methyl Chloride............ 74873 .................. .................. .................. .................. J................. J................. 62 FR 42160

36 Methylene Chloride......... 75092 .................. .................. .................. .................. 4.7 B,C........... 1600 B,C.......... 62 FR 42160

37 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane.. 79345 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.17 B,C.......... 11B,C............. 57 FR 60848

38 Tetrachloroethylene........ 127184 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.8 C............. 8.85 C............ 57 FR 60848

39 Toluene.................... 108883 .................. .................. .................. .................. 6,800 B,Z......... 200,000 B......... 62 FR 42160

40 1,2-Trans-Dichloroethylene. 156605 .................. .................. .................. .................. 700 B,Z........... 140,000 B......... 62 FR 42160

41 1,1,1-Trichloroethane...... 71556 .................. .................. .................. .................. J,Z.............. J................ 62 FR 42160

42 1,1,2-Trichloroethane...... 79005 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.60 B,C.......... 42 B,C............ 57 FR 60848

43 Trichloroethylene.......... 79016 .................. .................. .................. .................. 2.7 C............. 81 C.............. 57 FR 60848

44 Vinyl Chloride............. 75014 .................. .................. .................. .................. 2.0 C............. 525 C............. 57 FR 60848

45 2-Chlorophenol............. 95578 .................. .................. .................. .................. 120 B,U........... 400 B,U........... 62 FR 42160

46 2,4-Dichlorophenol......... 120832 .................. .................. .................. .................. 93 B,U............ 790 B,U........... 57 FR 60848

47 2,4-Dimethylphenol......... 105679 .................. .................. .................. .................. 540 B,U........... 2,300 B,U......... 62 FR 42160

48 2-Methyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol. 534521 .................. .................. .................. .................. 13.4.............. 765............... 57 FR 60848

49 2,4-Dinitrophenol.......... 51285 .................. .................. .................. .................. 70 B.............. 14,000 B.......... 57 FR 60848

50 2-Nitrophenol.............. 88755 ............................

51 4-Nitrophenol.............. 100027 ............................

52 3-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol.... 59507 .................. .................. .................. .................. U................ U.

[[Page 67552]]

53 Pentachlorophenol.......... 87865 19 F,K............ 15 F,K............ 13 bb............. 7.9 bb............ 0.28 B,C.......... 8.2 B,C,H......... 62 FR 42160

54 Phenol..................... 108952 .................. .................. .................. .................. 21,000 B,U........ .................. 62 FR 42160

4,600,000 B,H,U... 57 FR 60848

55 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol...... 88062 .................. .................. .................. .................. 2.1 B,C,U......... 6.5 B,C........... 62 FR 42160

56 Acenaphthene............... 83329 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1,200 B,U......... 2,700 B,U......... 62 FR 42160

57 Acenaphthylene............. 208968

58 Anthracene................. 120127 .................. .................. .................. .................. 9,600 B........... 110,000 B......... 62 FR 42160

59 Benzidine.................. 92875 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.00012 B,C....... 0.00054 B,C....... 57 FR 60848

60 BenzoaAnthracene........... 56553 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0044 B,C........ 0.049 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

61 BenzoaPyrene............... 50328 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0044 B,C........ 0.049 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

62 BenzobFluoranthene......... 205992 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0044 B,C........ 0.049 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

63 BenzoghiPerylene........... 191242 ............................

64 BenzokFluoranthene......... 207089 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0044 B,C........ 0.049 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

65 Bis2-ChloroethoxyMethane... 111911 ............................

66 Bis2-ChloroethylEther...... 111444 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.031 B,C......... 1.4 B,C........... 57 FR 60848

67 Bis2-ChloroisopropylEther.. 39638329 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1,400 B........... .................. 62 FR 42160

170,000 B......... 57 FR 60848

68 Bis2-EthylhexylPhthalate X. 117817 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1.8 B,C........... 5.9 B,C........... 57 FR 60848

69 4-Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether. 101553 ............................

70 Butylbenzyl PhthalateW..... 85687 .................. .................. .................. .................. 3,000 B........... 5,200 B........... 62 FR 42160

71 2-Chloronaphthalene........ 91587 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1,700 B........... 4,300 B........... 62 FR 42160

72 4-Chlorophenyl Phenyl Ether 7005723 ............................

73 Chrysene................... 218019 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0044 B,C........ 0.049 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

74 Dibenzoa,hAnthracene....... 53703 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0044 B,C........ 0.049 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

75 1,2-Dichlorobenzene........ 95501 .................. .................. .................. .................. 2,700 B,Z......... 17,000 B.......... 62 FR 42160

76 1,3-Dichlorobenzene........ 541731 .................. .................. .................. .................. 400............... 2,600............. 62 FR 42160

77 1,4-Dichlorobenzene........ 106467 .................. .................. .................. .................. 400 Z............. 2,600............. 62 FR 42160

78 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine..... 91941 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.04 B,C.......... 0.077 B,C......... 57 FR 60848

79 Diethyl Phthalate W........ 84662 .................. .................. .................. .................. 23,000 B.......... 120,000 B......... 57 FR 60848

80 Dimethyl Phthalate W....... 131113 .................. .................. .................. .................. 313,000........... 2,900,000......... 57 FR 60848

81 Di-n-Butyl Phthalate W..... 84742 .................. .................. .................. .................. 2,700 B........... 12,000 B.......... 57 FR 60848

82 2,4-Dinitrotoluene......... 121142 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.11 C............ 9.1 C............. 57 FR 60848

83 2,6-Dinitrotoluene......... 606202 ............................

84 Di-n-Octyl Phthalate....... 117840 ............................

85 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine...... 122667 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.040 B,C......... 0.54 B,C.......... 57 FR 60848

86 Fluoranthene............... 206440 .................. .................. .................. .................. 300 B............. 370 B............. 62 FR 42160

87 Fluorene................... 86737 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1,300 B........... 14,000 B.......... 62 FR 42160

88 Hexachlorobenzene.......... 118741 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.00075 B,C....... 0.00077 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

89 Hexachlorobutadiene........ 87683 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.44 B,C.......... 50 B,C............ 57 FR 60848

90 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.. 77474 .................. .................. .................. .................. 240 B,U,Z......... 17,000 B,H,U...... 57 FR 60848

91 Hexachloroethane........... 67721 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1.9 B,C........... 8.9 B,C........... 57 FR 60848

92 Ideno 1,2,3-cdPyrene....... 193395 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0044 B,C........ 0.049 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

93 Isophorone................. 78591 .................. .................. .................. .................. 36 B,C............ 2,600 B,C......... IRIS 11/01/97

94 Naphthalene................ 91203 ............................

95 Nitrobenzene............... 98953 .................. .................. .................. .................. 17 B.............. 1,900 B,H,U....... 57 FR 60848

96 N-Nitrosodimethylamine..... 62759 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.00069 B,C....... 8.1 B,C........... 57 FR 60848

97 N-Nitrosodi-n-Propylamine.. 621647 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.005 B,C......... 1.4 B,C........... 62 FR 42160

98 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine..... 86306 .................. .................. .................. .................. 5.0 B,C........... 16 B,C............ 57 FR 60848

99 Phenanthrene............... 85018 ............................

100 Pyrene.................... 129000 .................. .................. .................. .................. 960 B............. 11,000 B.......... 62 FR 42160

101 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.... 120821 .................. .................. .................. .................. 260 Z............. 940............... IRIS 11/01/96

102 Aldrin.................... 309002 3.0 G............. .................. 1.3 G............. .................. 0.00013 B,C....... 0.00014 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

103 alpha-BHC................. 319846 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0039 B,C........ 0.013 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

104 beta-BHC.................. 319857 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.014 B,C......... 0.046 B,C......... 62 FR 42160

105 gamma-BHC (Lindane)....... 58899 0.95 K............ .................. 0.16 G............ .................. 0.019 C........... 0.063 C........... 62 FR 42160

106 delta-BHC................. 319868

107 Chlordane................. 57749 2.4 G............. 0.0043 G,aa....... 0.09 G............ 0.004 G,aa........ .................. .................. 62 FR 42160

0.0021 B,C........ 0.0022 B,C........ IRIS 02/07/98

[[Page 67553]]

108 4,4'-DDT.................. 50293 1.1 G............. 0.001 G,aa........ 0.13 G............ 0.001 G,aa........ 0.00059 B,C....... 0.00059 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

109 4,4'-DDE.................. 72559 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.00059 B,C....... 0.00059 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

110 4,4'-DDD.................. 72548 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.00083 B,C....... 0.00084 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

111 Dieldrin.................. 60571 0.24 K............ 0.056 K,O......... 0.71 G............ 0.0019 G,aa....... 0.00014 B,C....... 0.00014 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

112 alpha-Endosulfan.......... 959988 0.22 G,Y.......... 0.056 G,Y......... 0.034 G,Y......... 0.0087 G,Y........ 110 B............. 240 B............. 62 FR 42160

113 beta-Endosulfan........... 33213659 0.22 G,Y.......... 0.056 G,Y......... 0.034 G,Y......... 0.0087 G,Y........ 110 B............. 240 B............. 62 FR 42160

114 Endosulfan Sulfate........ 1031078 .................. .................. .................. .................. 110 B............. 240 B............. 62 FR 42160

115 Endrin.................... 72208 0.086 K........... 0.036 K,O......... 0.037 G........... 0.0023 G,aa....... 0.76 B............ 0.81 B,H.......... 62 FR 42160

116 Endrin Aldehyde........... 7421934 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.76 B............ 0.81 B,H.......... 62 FR 42160

117 Heptachlor................ 76448 0.52 G............ 0.0038 G,aa....... 0.053 G........... 0.0036 G,aa....... 0.00021 B,C....... 0.00021 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

118 Heptachlor Epoxide........ 1024573 0.52 G,V.......... 0.0038 G,V,aa..... 0.053 G,V......... 0.0036 G,V,aa..... 0.00010 B,C....... 0.00011 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

119 Polychlorinated Biphenyls ......... .................. 0.014 N,aa........ .................. 0.03 N,aa......... .................. .................. 62 FR 42160

PCBs 0.00017 B,C,P..... 0.00017 B,C,P..... 63 FR 16182

120 Toxaphene................. 8001352 0.73.............. 0.0002 aa......... 0.21.............. 0.0002 aa......... 0.00073 B,C....... 0.00075 B,C....... 62 FR 42160

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Footnotes:

AA This recommended water quality criterion was derived from data for arsenic (III), but is applied here to total arsenic, which might imply that arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) are equally

toxic to aquatic life and that their toxicities are additive. In the arsenic criteria document (EPA 440/5-84-033, January 1985), Species Mean Acute Values are given for both arsenic (III)

and arsenic (V) for five species and the ratios of the SMAVs for each species range from 0.6 to 1.7. Chronic values are available for both arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) for one species; for

the fathead minnow, the chronic value for arsenic (V) is 0.29 times the chronic value for arsenic (III). No data are known to be available concerning whether the toxicities of the forms of

arsenic to aquatic organisms are additive.

AB This criterion has been revised to reflect The Environmental Protection Agency's q1* or RfD, as contained in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as of April 8, 1998. The fish

tissue bioconcentration factor (BCF) from the 1980 Ambient Water Quality Criteria document was retained in each case.

AC This criterion is based on carcinogenicity of 10 -6 risk. Alternate risk levels may be obtained by moving the decimal point (e.g., for a risk level of 10 -5, move the decimal point in the

recommended criterion one place to the right).

AD Freshwater and saltwater criteria for metals are expressed in terms of the dissolved metal in the water column. The recommended water quality criteria value was calculated by using the

previous 304(a) aquatic life criteria expressed in terms of total recoverable metal, and multiplying it by a conversion factor (CF). The term ``Conversion Factor'' (CF) represents the

recommended conversion factor for converting a metal criterion expressed as the total recoverable fraction in the water column to a criterion expressed as the dissolved fraction in the water

column. (Conversion Factors for saltwater CCCs are not currently available. Conversion factors derived for saltwater CMCs have been used for both saltwater CMCs and CCCs.) See ``Office of

Water Policy and Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria,'' October 1, 1993, by Martha G. Prothro, Acting Assistant Administrator for Water,

available from the Water Resource center, USEPA, 401 M St., SW, mall code RC4100, Washington, DC 20460; and 40 CFRSec. 131.36(b)(1). Conversion Factors applied in the table can be found in

Appendix A to the Preamble--Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals.

AE The freshwater criterion for this metal is expressed as a function of hardness (mg/L) in the water column. The value given here corresponds to a hardness of 100 mg/L. Criteria values for

other hardness may be calculated from the following: CMC (dissolved) = exp {m A [ln(hardness)]+b A} (CF), or CCC (dissolved) = exp {m C [ln (hardness)]+b C} (CF) and the parameters specified

in Appendix B to the Preamble--Parameters for Calculating Freshwater Dissolved Metals Criteria That Are Hardness-Dependent.

AF Freshwater aquatic life values for pentachlorophenol are expressed as a function of pH, and are calculated as follows: CMD=exp(1.005(pH)-4.869); CCC=exp(1.005 (pH)-5.134). Values displayed

in table correspond to a pH of 7.8.

AG This Criterion is based on 304(a) aquatic life criterion issued in 1980, and was issued in one of the following documents: Aldrin/Dieldrin (EPA 440/5-80-019), Chlordane (EPA 440/5-80-027),

DDT (EPA 440/5-80-038), Endosulfan (EPA 440/5-80-046), Endrin (EPA 440/5-80-047), Heptachlor (440/5-80-052), Hexachlorocyclohexane (EPA 440/5-80-054), Silver (EPA 440/5-80-071). The Minimum

Data Requirements and derivation procedures were different in the 1980 Guidelines than in the 1985 Guidelines. For example, a ``CMC'' derived using the 1980 Guidelines was derived to be used

as an instantaneous maximum. If assessment is to be done using an averaging period, the values given should be divided by 2 to obtain a value that is more comparable to a CMC derived using

the 1985 Guidelines.

AH No criterion for protection of human health from consumption of aquatic organisms excluding water was presented in the 1980 criteria document or in the 1986 Quality Criteria for Water.

Nevertheless, sufficient information was presented in the 1980 document to allow the calculation of a criterion, even though the results of such a calculation were not shown in the document.

AI This criterion for asbestos is the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) developed under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).

AJ EPA has not calculated human health criterion for this contaminant. However, permit authorities should address this contaminant in NPDES permit actions using the State's existing narrative

criteria for toxics.

AK This recommended criterion is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was issued in the 1995 Updates: Water Quality Criteria Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient

Water, (EPA-820-B-96-011, September 1996). This value was derived using the GLI Guidelines (60 FR 15393-15399, March 23, 1995; 40 CFR 132 Appendix A); the difference between the 1985

Guidelines and the GLI Guidelines are explained on page iv of the 1995 Updates. None of the decisions concerning the derivation of this criterion were affected by any considerations that are

specific to the Great Lakes.

AL The CMC=1/[(f1/CMC1)=(f2/CMC2)] where f1 and f2 are the fractions of total selenium that are treated as selenite and selenate, respectively, and CMC1 and CMC2 are 185.9 g/l and

12.83 g/l, respectively.

AM EPA is currently reassessing the criteria for arsenic. Upon completion of the reassessment the Agency will publish revised criteria as appropriate.

AN PCBs are a class of chemicals which include aroclors, 1242, 1254, 1221, 1232, 1248, 1260, and 1016, CAS numbers 53469219, 11097691, 11104282, 11141165, 12672296, 11096825 and 12674112

respectively. The aquatic life criteria apply to this set of PCBs.

AO The derivation of the CCC for this pollutant did not consider exposure through the diet, which is probably important for aquatic life occupying upper trophic levels.

AP This criterion applies to total pcbs, i.e., the sum of all congener or all isomer analyses.

AQ This recommended water quality criterion is expressed as g free cyanide (as CN)/L.

AR This value was announced (61 FR 58444-58449, November 14, 1996) as a proposed GLI 303(c) aquatic life criterion. EPA is currently working on this criterion and so this value might change

substantially in the near future.

AS This recommended water quality criterion refers to the inorganic form only.

AT This recommended water quality criterion is expressed in terms of total recoverable metal in the water column. It is scientifically acceptable to use the conversion factor of 0.922 that

was used in the GLI to convert this to a value that is expressed in terms of dissolved metal.

AU The organoleptic effect criterion is more stringent than the value for priority toxic pollutants.

[[Page 67554]]

AV This value was derived from data for heptachlor and the criteria document provides insufficient data to estimate the relative toxicities of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide.

AW Although EPA has not published a final criteria document for this compound it is EPA's understanding that sufficient data exist to allow calculation of aquatic criteria. It is anticipated

that industry intends to publish in the peer reviewed literature draft aquatic life criteria generated in accordance with EPA Guidelines. EPA will review such criteria for possible issuance

as national WQC.

AX There is a full set of aquatic life toxicity data that show that DEHP is not toxic to aquatic organisms at or below its solubility limit.

AY This value was derived from data for endosulfan and is most appropriately applied to the sum of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan.

AZ A more stringent MCL has been issued by EPA. Refer to drinking water regulations (40 CFR 141) or Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) for values.

Aaa This CCC is based on the Final Residue Value procedure in the 1985 Guidelines. Since the publication of the Great Lakes Aquatic Life Criteria Guidelines in 1995 (60FR 15393-15399, March

23, 1995), the Agency no longer uses the Final Residue Value procedure for deriving CCCs for new or revised 304(a) aquatic life criteria.

Abb This water quality criterion is based on 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was derived using the 1985 Guidelines (Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for

the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses, PB85-227049, January 1985) and was issued in one of the following criteria documents: Arsenic (EPA 440/5-84-033), Cadmium (EPA 440/5-84-

032), Chromium (EPA 440/5-84-029), Copper (EPA 440/5-84-031), Cyanide (EPA 400/5-84-028), Lead (EPA 440/5-84-027), Nickel (EPA 440/5-86-004), Pentachlorophenol (EPA 440/5-86-009), Toxaphene

(EPA 440/5-86-006), Zinc (EPA 440/5-87-003).

Acc When the concentration of dissolved organic carbon is elevated, copper is substantially less toxic and use of Water-Effect Ratios might be appropriate.

Add The selenium criteria document (EPA 440/5-87-006), September 1987) provides that if selenium is as toxic to saltwater fishes in the field as it is to freshwater fishes in the field, the

status of the fish community should be monitored whenever the concentration of selenium exceeds 5.0 g/L in salt water because the saltwater CCC does not take into account uptake via

the food chain.

Aee This recommended water quality criterion was derived on page 43 of the mercury criteria document (EPA 440/5-84-026, January 1985). The saltwater CCC of 0.025 g/L given on page 23

of the criteria document is based on the Final Residue Value procedure in the 1985 Guidelines. Since the publication of the Great Lakes Aquatic Life Criteria Guidelines in 1995 (60FR15393-

15399, March 23, 1995), the Agency no longer uses the Final Residue Value procedure for deriving CCCs for new or revised 304(a) aquatic life criteria.

Aff This recommended water quality criterion was derived in Ambient Water Quality Criteria Saltwater Copper Addendum (Draft, April 14, 1995) and was promulgated in the Interim Final National

Toxics Rule (60FR22228-222237, May 4, 1995).

Agg EPA is actively working on this criterion and so this recommended water quality criterion may change substantially in the near future.

Ahh This recommended water quality criterion was derived from data for inorganic mercury (II), but is applied here to total mercury. If a substantial portion of the mercury in the water

column is methylmercury, this criterion will probably be under protective. In addition, even though inorganic mercury is converted to methylmercury and methylmercury bioaccumulates to a

great extent, this criterion does not account for uptake via the food chain because sufficient data were not available when the criteria was derived.

National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Non Priority Pollutants

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Freshwater Saltwater Human health for consumption of:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Non priority pollutant CAS No. CMC (g/ CCC (g/ CMC (g/ CCC (g/ Water + organism Organism only FR cite/source

L) L) L) L) (g/L) (g/L)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 Alkalinity.................. ......... .................. 20000 F........... .................. .................. .................. .................. Gold Book

2 Aluminum pH 6.5-9.0......... 7429905 750 G,I........... 87 G,I,L.......... .................. .................. .................. .................. 53 FR 33178

3 Ammonia..................... 7664417 FRESHWATER CRITERIA ARE pH DEPENDENT--SEE DOCUMENT EPA822-R-98-008

SALTWATER CRITERIA ARE pH AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT D EPA440/5-88-004

4 Aesthetic Qualities......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT Gold Book

5 Bacteria.................... ......... FOR PRIMARY RECREATION AND SHELLFISH USES--SEE DOCUMENT Gold Book

6 Barium...................... 7440393 .................. .................. .................. .................. 1,000 A........... .................. Gold Book

7 Boron....................... ......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT Gold Book

8 Chloride.................... 16887006 860000 G.......... 230000 G.......... .................. .................. .................. .................. 53 FR 19028

9 Chlorine.................... 7782505 19................ 11................ 13................ 7.5............... C................ .................. Gold Book

10 Chlorophenoxy Herbicide 93721 .................. .................. .................. .................. 10 A.............. .................. Gold Book

2,4,5,-TP.

11 Chlorophenoxy Herbicide 2,4- 94757 .................. .................. .................. .................. 100 A,C........... .................. Gold Book

D.

12 Chloropyrifos............... 2921882 0.083 G........... 0.041 G........... 0.011 G........... 0.0056 G.......... .................. .................. Gold Book

13 Color....................... ......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT F Gold Book

14 Demeton..................... 8065483 .................. 0.1 F,H........... .................. 0.1 F,H........... .................. .................. Gold Book

15 Ether, Bis Chloromethyl..... 542881 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.00013 E......... 0.00078 E......... IRIS 01/01/91

16 Gases, Total Dissolved...... ......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT F Gold Book

17 Guthion..................... 86500 .................. 0.01 F,H.......... .................. 0.01 F,H.......... .................. .................. Gold Book

18 Hardness.................... ......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT Gold Book

19 Hexachlorocyclo-hexane- 319868 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0123............ 0.0414............ Gold Book

Technical.

20 Iron........................ 7439896 .................. 1000 F............ .................. .................. 300 A............. .................. Gold Book

21 Malathion................... 121755 .................. 0.1 F,H........... .................. .................. .................. .................. Gold Book

22 Manganese................... 7439965 .................. .................. .................. .................. 50 A.............. 100 A............. Gold Book

23 Methoxychlor................ 72435 .................. 0.03 F,H.......... .................. 0.03 F,H.......... 100 A,C........... .................. Gold Book

24 Mirex....................... 2385855 .................. 0.001 F,H......... .................. 0.001 F,H......... .................. .................. Gold Book

25 Nitrates.................... 14797558 .................. .................. .................. .................. 10,000 A.......... .................. Gold Book

26 Nitrosamines................ ......... .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0008............ 1.24.............. ...........................

[[Page 67555]]

27 Dinitrophenols.............. 25550587 .................. .................. .................. .................. 70................ 14,000............ Gold Book

28 Nitrosodibutylamine,N....... 924163 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0064 A.......... 0.587 A........... Gold Book

29 Nitrosodiethylamine,N....... 55185 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.0008 A.......... 1.24 A............ Gold Book

30 Nitrosopyrrolidine,N........ 930552 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0.016............. 91.9.............. Gold Book

31 Oil and Grease.............. ......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT F Gold Book

32 Oxygen, Dissolved........... 7782447 WARMWATER AND COLDWATER MATRIX--SEE DOCUMENT O Gold Book

33 Parathion................... 56382 0.065 J........... 0.013 J........... .................. .................. .................. .................. Gold Book

34 Pentachlorobenzene.......... 608935 .................. .................. .................. .................. 3.5 E............. 4.1 E............. IRIS 03/01/88

35 pH.......................... ......... .................. 6.5-9 F........... .................. 6.5-8.5 F,K....... 5-9............... .................. Gold Book

36 Phosphorus Elemental........ 7723140 .................. .................. .................. 0.1 F,K........... .................. .................. Gold Book

37 Phosphate Phosphorus........ ......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT Gold Book

38 Solids Dissolved and ......... .................. .................. .................. .................. 250,000 A......... .................. Gold Book

Salinity.

39 Solids Suspended and ......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT F Gold Book

Turbidity.

40 Sulfide-Hydrogen Sulfide.... 7783064 .................. 2.0 F,H........... .................. 2.0 F,H........... .................. .................. Gold Book

41 Tainting Substances......... ......... NARRATIVE STATEMENT--SEE DOCUMENT Gold Book

42 Temperature................. ......... SPECIES DEPENDENT CRITERIA--SEE DOCUMENT M Gold Book

43 Tetrachlorobenzene,1,2,4,5-. 95943 .................. .................. .................. .................. 2.3 E............. 2.9 E............. IRIS03/01/91

44 Tributyltin TBT............. ......... 0.46 N............ 0.063 N........... 0.37 N............ 0.010 N........... .................. .................. 62 FR 42554

45 Trichlorophenol,2,4,5-...... 95954 .................. .................. .................. .................. 2,600 B,E......... 9,800 B,E......... IRIS 03/01/88

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Footnotes:

AA This human health criterion is the same as originally published in the Red Book which predates the 1980 methodology and did not utilize the fish ingestion BCF approach. This same criterion

value is now published in the Gold Book

AB The organoleptic effect criterion is more stringent than the value presented in the non priority pollutants table.

AC A more stringent Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) has been issued by EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Refer to drinking water regulations 40 CFR 141 or Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-

800-426-4791) for values.

AD According to the procedures described in the Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses, except possibly where

a very sensitive species is important at a site, freshwater aquatic life should be protected if both conditions specified in Appendix C to the Preamble--Calculation of Freshwater Ammonia

Criterion are satisfied.

AE This criterion has been revised to reflect The Environmental Protection Agency's q1* or RfD, as contained in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as of April 8, 1998. The fish

tissue bioconcentration factor (BCF) used to derive the original criterion was retained in each case.

AF The derivation of this value is presented in the Red Book (EPA 440/9-76-023, July, 1976).

AG This value is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was derived using the 1985 Guidelines (Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of

Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses, PB85-227049, January 1985) and was issued in one of the following criteria documents: Aluminum (EPA 440/5-86-008); Chloride (EPA 440/5-88-001);

Chloropyrifos (EPA 440/5-86-005).

AH This CCC is based on the Final Residue Value procedure in the 1985 Guidelines. Since the publication of the Great Lakes Aquatic Life Criteria Guidelines in 1995 (60 FR 15393-15399, March

23, 1995), the Agency no longer uses the Final Residue Value procedure for deriving CCCs for new or revised 304(a) aquatic life criteria.

AI This value is expressed in terms of total recoverable metal in the water column.

AJ This value is based on a 304(a) aquatic life criterion that was issued in the 1995 Updates: Water Quality Criteria Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient Water (EPA-820-B-

96-001). This value was derived using the GLI Guidelines (60 FR 15393-15399, March 23, 1995; 40 CFR 132 Appendix A); the differences between the 1985 Guidelines and the GLI Guidelines are

explained on page iv of the 1995 Updates. No decision concerning this criterion was affected by any considerations that are specific to the Great Lakes.

AK According to page 181 of the Red Book: For open ocean waters where the depth is substantially greater than the euphotic zone, the pH should not be changed more than 0.2 units from the

naturally occurring variation or any case outside the range of 6.5 to 8.5. For shallow, highly productive coastal and estuarine areas where naturally occurring pH variations approach the

lethal limits of some species, changes in pH should be avoided but in any case should not exceed the limits established for fresh water, i.e., 6.5-9.0.

AL There are three major reasons why the use of Water-Effect Ratios might be appropriate. (1) The value of 87 g/l is based on a toxicity test with the striped bass in water with

pH=6.5-6.6 and hardness g aluminum/L, when either total recoverable or dissolved is measured.

AM U.S. EPA. 1973. Water Quality Criteria 1972. EPA-R3-73-033. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.; U.S. EPA. 1977. Temperature Criteria for Freshwater Fish: Protocol and

Procedures. EPA-600/3-77-061. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

AN This value was announced (62 FR 42554, August 7, 1997) as a proposed 304(a) aquatic life criterion. Although EPA has not responded to public comment, EPA is publishing this as a 304(a)

criterion in today's notice as guidance for States and Tribes to consider when adopting water quality criteria.

AO U.S. EPA. 1986. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Dissolved Oxygen. EPA 440/5-86-003. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

[[Page 67556]]

National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Organoleptic Effects

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Organoleptic

effect

Pollutant CAS No. criteria FR cite/source

(g/L)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 Acenaphthene............................ 208968 20 Gold Book

2 Monochlorobenzene....................... 108907 20 Gold Book

3 3-Chlorophenol.......................... .............. 0.1 Gold Book

4 4-Chlorophenol.......................... 106489 0.1 Gold Book

5 2,3-Dichlorophenol...................... .............. 0.04 Gold Book

6 2,5-Dichlorophenol...................... .............. 0.5 Gold Book

7 2,6-Dichlorophenol...................... .............. 0.2 Gold Book

8 3,4-Dichlorophenol...................... .............. 0.3 Gold Book

9 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol................... 95954 1 Gold Book

10 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol.................. 88062 2 Gold Book

11 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol.............. .............. 1 Gold Book

12 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol................ .............. 1800 Gold Book

13 3-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol................ 59507 3000 Gold Book

14 3-Methyl-6-Chlorophenol................ .............. 20 Gold Book

15 2-Chlorophenol......................... 95578 0.1 Gold Book

16 Copper................................. 744058 1000 Gold Book

17 2,4-Dichlorophenol..................... 120832 0.3 Gold Book

18 2,4-Dimethylphenol..................... 105679 400 Gold Book

19 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.............. 77474 1 Gold Book

20 Nitrobenzene........................... 98953 30 Gold Book

21 Pentachlorophenol...................... 87865 30 Gold Book

22 Phenol................................. 108952 300 Gold Book

23 Zinc................................... 7440666 5000 45 FR 79341

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Notes:

1. These criteria are based on organoleptic (taste and odor) effects. Because of variations in chemical

nomenclature systems, this listing of pollutants does not duplicate the listing in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part

423. Also listed are the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers, which provide a unique

identification for each chemical.

National Recommended Water Quality Criteria

Additional Notes

1. Criteria Maximum Concentration and Criterion Continuous

Concentration

The Criteria Maximum Concentration (CMC) is an estimate of the

highest concentration of a material in surface water to which an

aquatic community can be exposed briefly without resulting in an

unacceptable effect. The Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) is

an estimate of the highest concentration of a material in surface

water to which an aquatic community can be exposed indefinitely

without resulting in an unacceptable effect. The CMC and CCC are

just two of the six parts of a aquatic life criterion; the other

four parts are the acute averaging period, chronic averaging period,

acute frequency of allowed exceedence, and chronic frequency of

allowed exceedence. Because 304(a) aquatic life criteria are

national guidance, they are intended to be protective of the vast

majority of the aquatic communities in the United States.

2. Criteria Recommendations for Priority Pollutants, Non Priority

Pollutants and Organoleptic Effects

This compilation lists all priority toxic pollutants and some

non priority toxic pollutants, and both human health effect and

organoleptic effect criteria issued pursuant to CWA Sec. 304(a).

Blank spaces indicate that EPA has no CWA Sec. 304(a) criteria

recommendations. For a number of non-priority toxic pollutants not

listed, CWA Sec. 304(a) ``water + organism'' human health criteria

are not available, but, EPA has published MCLs under the SDWA that

may be used in establishing water quality standards to protect water

supply designated uses. Because of variations in chemical

nomenclature systems, this listing of toxic pollutants does not

duplicate the listing in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 423. Also listed

are the Chemical Abstracts Service CAS registry numbers, which

provide a unique identification for each chemical.

3. Human Health Risk

The human health criteria for the priority and non priority

pollutants are based on carcinogenicity of 10-6 risk.

Alternate risk levels may be obtained by moving the decimal point

(e.g., for a risk level of 10-5, move the decimal point in the

recommended criterion one place to the right).

4. Water Quality Criteria Published Pursuant to Section 304(a) or

Section 303(c) of the CWA

Many of the values in the compilation were published in the

proposed California Toxics Rule (CTR, 62 FR 42160). Although such

values were published pursuant to Section 303(c) of the CWA, they

represent the Agency's most recent calculation of water quality

criteria and thus are published today as the Agency's 304(a)

criteria. Water quality criteria published in the proposed CTR may

be revised when EPA takes final action on the CTR.

5. Calculation of Dissolved Metals Criteria

The 304(a) criteria for metals, shown as dissolved metals, are

calculated in one of two ways. For freshwater metals criteria that

are hardness-dependent, the dissolved metal criteria were calculated

using a hardness of 100 mg/l as CaCO3 for illustrative

purposes only. Saltwater and freshwater metals' criteria that are

not hardness-dependent are calculated by multiplying the total

recoverable criteria before rounding by the appropriate conversion

factors. The final dissolved metals' criteria in the table are

rounded to two significant figures. Information regarding the

calculation of hardness dependent conversion factors are included in

the footnotes.

6. Correction of Chemical Abstract Services Number

The Chemical Abstract Services number (CAS) for Bis(2-

Chloroisopropyl) Ether, has been corrected in the table. The correct

CAS number for this chemical is 39638-32-9. Previous publications

listed 108-60-1 as the CAS number for this chemical.

[[Page 67557]]

7. Maximum Contaminant Levels

The compilation includes footnotes for pollutants with Maximum

Contaminant Levels (MCLs) more stringent than the recommended water

quality criteria in the compilation. MCLs for these pollutants are

not included in the compilation, but can be found in the appropriate

drinking water regulations (40 CFR 141.11-16 and 141.60-63), or can

be accessed through the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791)

or the Internet (http://www.epa.gov/ost/tools/dwstds-s.html).

8. Organoleptic Effects

The compilation contains 304(a) criteria for pollutants with

toxicity-based criteria as well as non-toxicity based criteria. The

basis for the non-toxicity based criteria are organoleptic effects

(e.g., taste and odor) which would make water and edible aquatic

life unpalatable but not toxic to humans. The table includes

criteria for organoleptic effects for 23 pollutants. Pollutants with

organoleptic effect criteria more stringent than the criteria based

on toxicity (e.g., included in both the priority and non-priority

pollutant tables) are footnoted as such.

9. Category Criteria

In the 1980 criteria documents, certain recommended water

quality criteria were published for categories of pollutants rather

than for individual pollutants within that category. Subsequently,

in a series of separate actions, the Agency derived criteria for

specific pollutants within a category. Therefore, in this

compilation EPA is replacing criteria representing categories with

individual pollutant criteria (e.g., 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-

dichlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene).

10. Specific Chemical Calculations

A. Selenium

(1) Human Health

In the 1980 Selenium document, a criterion for the protection of

human health from consumption of water and organisms was calculated

based on a BCF of 6.0 L/kg and a maximum water-related contribution

of 35 g Se/day. Subsequently, the EPA Office of Health and

Environmental Assessment issued an errata notice (February 23,

1982), revising the BCF for selenium to 4.8 L/kg. In 1988, EPA

issued an addendum (ECAO-CIN-668) revising the human health criteria

for selenium. Later in the final National Toxic Rule (NTR, 57 FR

60848), EPA withdrew previously published selenium human health

criteria, pending Agency review of new epidemiological data.

This compilation includes human health criteria for selenium,

calculated using a BCF of 4.8 L/kg along with the current IRIS RfD

of 0.005 mg/kg/day. EPA included these recommended water quality

criteria in the compilation because the data necessary for

calculating a criteria in accordance with EPA's 1980 human health

methodology are available.

(2) Aquatic Life

This compilation contains aquatic life criteria for selenium

that are the same as those published in the proposed CTR. In the

CTR, EPA proposed an acute criterion for selenium based on the

criterion proposed for selenium in the Water Quality Guidance for

the Great Lakes System (61 FR 58444). The GLI and CTR proposals take

into account data showing that selenium's two most prevalent

oxidation states, selenite and selenate, present differing

potentials for aquatic toxicity, as well as new data indicating that

various forms of selenium are additive. The new approach produces a

different selenium acute criterion concentration, or CMC, depending

upon the relative proportions of selenite, selenate, and other forms

of selenium that are present.

EPA notes it is currently undertaking a reassessment of

selenium, and expects the 304(a) criteria for selenium will be

revised based on the final reassessment (63 FR 26186). However,

until such time as revised water quality criteria for selenium are

published by the Agency, the recommended water quality criteria in

this compilation are EPA's current 304(a) criteria.

B. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene and Zinc

Human health criteria for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and zinc have

not been previously published. Sufficient information is now

available for calculating water quality criteria for the protection

of human health from the consumption of aquatic organisms and the

consumption of aquatic organisms and water for both these compounds.

Therefore, EPA is publishing criteria for these pollutants in this

compilation.

C. Chromium (III)

The recommended aquatic life water quality criteria for chromium

(III) included in the compilation are based on the values presented

in the document titled: 1995 Updates: Water Quality Criteria

Documents for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Ambient Water,

however, this document contains criteria based on the total

recoverable fraction. The chromium (III) criteria in this

compilation were calculated by applying the conversion factors used

in the Final Water Quality Guidance for the Great Lakes System (60

FR 15366) to the 1995 Update document values.

D. Ether, Bis (Chloromethyl), Pentachlorobenzene,

Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5- Trichlorophenol

Human health criteria for these pollutants were last published

in EPA's Quality Criteria for Water 1986 or ``Gold Book''. Some of

these criteria were calculated using Acceptable Daily Intake (ADIs)

rather than RfDs. Updated q1*s and RfDs are now available in IRIS

for ether, bis (chloromethyl), pentachlorobenzene,

tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-, and trichlorophenol, and were used to

revise the water quality criteria for these compounds. The

recommended water quality criteria for ether, bis (chloromethyl)

were revised using an updated q1*, while criteria for

pentachlorobenzene, and tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-, and

trichlorophenol were derived using an updated RfD value.

E. PCBs

In this compilation EPA is publishing aquatic life and human

health criteria based on total PCBs rather than individual

arochlors. These criteria replace the previous criteria for the

seven individual arochlors. Thus, there are criteria for a total of

102 of the 126 priority pollutants.

Dated: October 26, 1998.

J. Charles Fox,

Assistant Administrator, Office of Water.

[[Page 67558]]

Appendix A--Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Conversion Conversion

Metal Conversion factor Conversion factor factor factor

freshwater CMC freshwater CCC saltwater CMC saltwater CCC

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Arsenic........................ 1.000.................. 1.000................. 1.000 1.000

Cadmium........................ 1.138672-[(ln hardness) 1.101672-[(ln 0.994 0.994

(0.041838)] hardness) (0.041838)]

Chromium III................... 0.316.................. 0.860

Chromium VI.................... 0.982.................. 0.962................. 0.993 0.993

Copper......................... 0.960.................. 0.960................. 0.83 0.83

Lead........................... 1.46203-[(ln hardness) 1.46203-[(ln hardness) 0.951 0.951

(0.145712)] (0.145712)]

Mercury........................ 0.85................... 0.85.................. 0.85 0.85

Nickel......................... 0.998.................. 0.997................. 0.990 0.990

Selenium....................... ....................... ...................... 0.998 0.998

Silver......................... 0.85................... ...................... 0.85

Zinc........................... 0.978.................. 0.986................. 0.946 0.946

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix B--Parameters for Calculating Freshwater Dissolved Metals

Criteria That Are Hardness-Dependent

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Freshwater conversion factors (CF)

Chemical mA bA mC bC -------------------------------------------------------

Acute Chronic

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cadmium................................. 1.128 -3.6867 0.7852 -2.715 1.136672-[ln 1.101672-[ln

(hardness)(0.041838)] (hardness)(0.041838)]

Chromium III............................ 0.8190 3.7256 0.8190 0.6848 0.316..................... 0.860

Copper.................................. 0.9422 -1.700 0.8545 -1.702 0.960..................... 0.960

Lead.................................... 1.273 -1.460 1.273 -4.705 1.46203-[ln 1.46203-[ln

(hardness)(0.145712)] (hardness)(0.145712)]

Nickel.................................. 0.8460 2.255 0.8460 0.0584 0.998..................... 0.997

Silver.................................. 1.72 -6.52 ............ ............ 0.85

Zinc.................................... 0.8473 0.884 0.8473 0.884 0.978..................... 0.986

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix C--Calculation of Freshwater Ammonia Criterion

1. The one-hour average concentration of total ammonia nitrogen

(in mg N/L) does not exceed, more than once every three years on the

average, the CMC calculated using the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN07DE98.000

In situations where salmonids do not occur, the CMC may be

calculated using the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN07DE98.001

2. The thirty-day average concentration of total ammonia

nitrogen (in mg N/L) does not exceed, more than once every three

years on the average, the CCC calculated using the following

equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN07DE98.002

[FR Doc. 98-30272 Filed 12-4-98; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-P