Fruit From Hawaii

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

7 CFR Part 318

[Docket No. 97-005-1]

Fruit From Hawaii

AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: We are proposing to allow abiu, atemoya, longan, rambutan, and

sapodilla to be moved interstate from Hawaii if the fruit undergoes

irradiation treatment at an approved facility. Treatment could be

conducted either in Hawaii or in non-fruit fly supporting areas of the

mainland United States. The fruit would also have to meet certain

additional requirements, including packaging requirements. We are also

proposing to allow durian to be moved interstate from Hawaii if the

durian is inspected and found free of certain plant pests. In addition,

we are proposing to allow certain varieties of green bananas to move

interstate from Hawaii under certain conditions intended to ensure the

bananas' freedom from plant pests, including fruit flies. These actions

would relieve restrictions on the movement of these fruits from Hawaii

while continuing to provide protection against the spread of injurious

plant pests from Hawaii to other parts of the United States.

DATES: Consideration will be given only to comments received on or

before August 10, 1998.

ADDRESSES: Please send an original and three copies of your comments to

Docket No. 97-005-1, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS,

suite 3C03, 4700 River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please

state that your comments refer to Docket No. 97-005-1. Comments

received may be inspected at USDA, room 1141, South Building, 14th

Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC, between 8 a.m. and

4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, except holidays. Persons wishing to

inspect comments are requested to call ahead on (202) 690-2817 to

facilitate entry into the comment reading room.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Peter M. Grosser, Senior Staff

Officer, Phytosanitary Issues Management Team (PIMT), PPQ, APHIS, 4700

River Road Unit 140, Riverdale, MD 20737-1236, (301) 734-6799.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

The Hawaiian Fruits and Vegetables regulations, contained in 7 CFR

318.13 through 318.13-17 (referred to below as the regulations),

govern, among other things, the interstate movement of fruits and

vegetables from Hawaii. Regulation is necessary to prevent the spread

of dangerous plant diseases and pests that occur in Hawaii, including

the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), the melon fly

(Bactrocera cucurbitae), the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis),

and the Malaysian fruit fly (Bactrocera latifrons). These types of

fruit flies are collectively referred to in this document as ``fruit

flies.''

Abiu, Atemoya, Longan, Rambutan, and Sapodilla

The regulations at Sec. 318.13-4f allow fruits and vegetables

listed in Sec. 318.13-4f(a) to be moved interstate from Hawaii if,

among other things, the fruits and vegetables undergo irradiation

treatment in accordance with that section. Currently, Sec. 318.13-4f(a)

lists carambola, litchi, and papaya. We are proposing to allow abiu

(Pouteria caimito), atemoya (Annona squamosa x A. cherimola), longan

(Dimocarpus longan), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), and sapodilla

(Manilkara sapota) to be moved interstate from Hawaii in accordance

with these same requirements for irradiation. These fruits would be

added to the list in Sec. 318.13-4f(a).

Section 318.13-4f provides that:

1. Irradiation treatment must be carried out only in Hawaii or in

non-fruit-fly supporting areas of the mainland United States (i.e.,

States other than Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, or Virginia);

2. The irradiation treatment facility and treatment protocol must

be approved by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS);

3. In order to be approved, a facility must be capable of

administering a minimum absorbed ionizing radiation dose of 250 Gray

(25 krad), be constructed so as to provide physically separate

locations for treated and untreated fruits and vegetables, complete a

compliance agreement with APHIS, and be certified by Plant Protection

and Quarantine, APHIS, for initial use and annually for subsequent use;

4. Irradiation treatment must be monitored by an inspector, who may

be either an APHIS employee or a State plant regulatory official;

5. If treated in Hawaii, the fruits and vegetables must be packaged

in pest-proof cartons. Then, the pallet-load of pest-proof cartons must

be wrapped, before leaving the irradiation facility, in one of the

following ways: (1) With polyethylene sheet wrap; (2) with net

wrapping; or (3) with strapping so that each carton on an outside row

of the pallet load is constrained by a metal or plastic strap. In

addition, pallet-loads must be labeled before leaving the irradiation

facility with treatment lot numbers, packing and treatment facility

identification and location, and dates of packing and treatment;

6. If moving to the mainland for treatment, the untreated fruits

and vegetables may be packed in either pest-proof or non-pest-proof

cartons, but the cartons must be shipped in shipping containers sealed

prior to interstate movement with seals that will visually indicate if

the shipping containers have been opened;

7. The fruits and vegetables must receive a minimum absorbed

ionizing irradiation dose of 250 Gray (25 krad);

8. Dosimetry systems in the irradiation facility must map, control,

and record the absorbed dose;

9. The absorbed dose must be measured by a dosimeter that can

accurately measure an absorbed dose of 250 Gray (25 krad);

10. The number and placement of dosimeters must be in accordance

with American Society for Testing and Materials standards;

11. The irradiation facility must keep records or invoices for each

treatment

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lot for a period that exceeds the shelf life of the irradiated food

product by 1 year and must make those records available to an inspector

for inspection; and

12. An inspector will issue a certificate for the interstate

movement of fruits and vegetables treated and handled in Hawaii in

accordance with the regulations at Sec. 318.13-4f. An inspector will

issue a limited permit for the interstate movement of untreated fruits

and vegetables from Hawaii for irradiation treatment on the mainland

United States.

Section 318.37-4f(d) sets forth procedures for applying for

approval and inspection of a treatment facility, and procedures for

denial and withdrawal of approval.

Section 318.13-4f(e) further provides that the U.S. Department of

Agriculture and its inspectors are not responsible for any loss or

damage resulting from any treatment prescribed or supervised.

In addition, we are proposing to prohibit the movement of treated

and untreated longan from Hawaii into Florida. We have determined that

irradiation treatment may not affect one of the pests that may be

carried by longan. Like litchi, longan is a host of the litchi rust

mite (Eriphyes litchi), and this pest cannot be easily detected by an

inspector. Therefore, the entry of longan from Hawaii into Florida,

where most mainland litchi is grown, would be prohibited as a

precaution against the possible introduction of litchi rust mite.

Accordingly, Sec. 318.13-4f(b)(4)(iii) would be amended to state that

cartons in which longan from Hawaii are packed must be stamped ``Not

for importation into or distribution in FL.''

We believe that the proposed requirements described above would be

sufficient to allow the safe interstate movement of abiu, atemoya,

longan, rambutan, and sapodilla from Hawaii to the mainland United

States.

Durian

We are also proposing to allow durian (Dirio zibethinus) to be

moved interstate from Hawaii if it is inspected and found free of plant

pests. Durian is not a fruit fly host. The pests associated with durian

produced in Hawaii 1 are readily detectable by inspection.

Section 318.13-4 provides that fruits and vegetables listed in

Sec. 318.13-2(b) of the regulations may be certified for interstate

movement from Hawaii when they have been inspected by an inspector and

found apparently free from infestation and infection. We would add

durian to the list of fruits and vegetables in Sec. 318.13-2(b).

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\1\ Information on the pests that may be associated with the

interstate movement of durian, green bananas, or any other fruit

listed in this document, may be found in the pest risk analyses

prepared for this action. Those pest risk analyses may be obtained

by writing to the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

CONTACT or by calling the Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) fax

vault at 301-734-3560.

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Green Bananas

We are proposing to add a new Sec. 318.13-4i to the regulations to

provide for the interstate movement of green bananas (Musa spp.) of the

cultivars ``Williams,'' ``Valery,'' and dwarf ``Brazilian'' from

Hawaii. Ripe, yellow bananas are a host of fruit flies, and may not be

moved interstate from Hawaii. However, we have determined that green

bananas of the cultivars ``Williams,'' ``Valery,'' and dwarf

``Brazilian'' from Hawaii are only fruit fly hosts if they have any of

the following defects: Prematurely ripe fingers, fused fingers, or

exposed flesh (not including fresh cuts made during the packing

process). Any of the defects listed may attract fruit flies and provide

a pathway for infestation. Therefore, we are proposing to allow green

bananas of the varieties named above to be moved interstate from Hawaii

under the following conditions, which would ensure that the bananas are

free from fruit flies and other pests:

1. The bananas must be picked while green and packed for shipment

within 24 hours after harvest. If the green bananas will be stored

overnight during that 24-hour period, they must be stored in a facility

that prevents access by fruit flies;

2. No bananas from bunches containing prematurely ripe fingers

(i.e., individual yellow bananas in a cluster of otherwise green

bananas) may be harvested or packed for shipment;

3. The bananas must be inspected by an inspector and found free of

plant pests as well as any of the following defects: Prematurely ripe

fingers, fused fingers, or exposed flesh (not including fresh cuts made

during the packing process); and

4. The bananas must be packaged in a pest-proof shipping container

or carton.

An inspector would issue a certificate, in accordance with

Secs. 318.13-3 and 318.13-4, for the interstate movement of green

bananas that meet these conditions.

We believe that the conditions described above for the interstate

movement of green bananas from Hawaii would provide protection against

the spread of injurious plant pests that may be associated with the

green bananas to other parts of the United States.

Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act

This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12866.

The rule has been determined to be not significant for the purposes of

Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has not been reviewed by the

Office of Management and Budget.

We are proposing to allow abiu, atemoya, longan, rambutan, and

sapodilla to be moved interstate from Hawaii if the fruit undergoes

irradiation treatment at an approved facility. Treatment could be

conducted either in Hawaii or in non-fruit fly supporting areas of the

mainland United States. The fruit would also have to meet certain

additional requirements, including packaging requirements. We are also

proposing to allow durian to be moved interstate from Hawaii if the

durian is inspected and found free of certain plant pests. In addition,

we are proposing to allow certain varieties of green bananas to move

interstate from Hawaii under certain conditions intended to ensure the

bananas' freedom from plant pests, including fruit flies.

The mainland United States has very limited, if any, quantities of

abiu, atemoya, durian, longan, rambutan, and sapodilla for sale to

consumers. Three of these specialty fruits--abiu, durian, and

rambutan--are not grown commercially on the mainland United States;

atemoya, longan, and sapodilla are grown commercially on the mainland

United States but only in relatively small quantities. All mainland

production of atemoya, longan, and sapodilla occurs in the State of

Florida. It is estimated that Florida's annual production of atemoya

amounts to approximately 80,000 pounds; of longan, approximately 2

million pounds; of sapodilla, approximately 350,000 pounds.

Unlike the other fruits listed in this document, bananas are

generally not considered to be specialty fruits. Also unlike the other

fruits, the mainland United States has abundant quantities of bananas,

including green bananas, for sale to consumers. However, virtually all

bananas sold in the United States are imported. Less than 1 percent of

the U.S. supply of bananas is produced domestically, and only a

minuscule portion of domestic production occurs on the mainland United

States, in Florida and California. In 1992, Florida produced 158,662

pounds of bananas. Production data for California is not available, but

production in California is estimated to be much less than in

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Florida, given that in 1992 there were only 2 banana-producing farms in

California and 67 in Florida. Hawaii accounted for the remainder of

domestic banana production in 1992, with a total of 12,570,831 pounds.

Based on data for 1992, therefore, Hawaii accounts for nearly all of

the banana production in the United States.

It is estimated that there are less than 100 farms growing tropical

specialty fruits in Florida, and virtually all of these farms are

located in the southern part of the State. Information is not available

on the gross receipts for each of these farms, but since the farms are

generally less than 5 acres in size, it is reasonable to assume that

most are small entities under Small Business Administration (SBA)

standards. We do not expect the interstate movement of abiu, atemoya,

durian, longan, rambutan, and sapodilla to affect these fruit producers

for several reasons. First, as discussed earlier, three of the six

specialty fruits are not grown commercially on the mainland United

States. Second, the demand for the remaining three specialty fruits

that are produced in Florida is strong, particularly among Asian

Americans on the mainland United States. Florida currently has no

difficulty selling all of the atemoya, longan, and sapodilla that it

produces. Third, Hawaiian fruit would likely be marketed primarily in

western States on the mainland while Florida's fruits are sold

primarily in eastern States. Therefore, Hawaii's specialty fruits would

likely be in little direct competition with Florida's specialty fruits.

As discussed above, in 1992, 67 farms in Florida and 2 farms in

California produced bananas. Like the specialty fruit growers, most

banana-producing farms in Florida and California are assumed to be

small entities under SBA standards. However, any interstate movement of

green bananas from Hawaii should have little or no impact on banana

producers on the mainland United States. This is due to the relatively

small volume of bananas that may be moved interstate from Hawaii. Even

in the unlikely event that Hawaii moves all of its production

interstate, Hawaii's bananas would still account for less than 1

percent of the mainland U.S. supply.

We expect that fruit growers in Hawaii would benefit from the

interstate movement of abiu, atemoya, durian, green bananas, longan,

rambutan, and sapodilla from Hawaii because these growers would have

new outlets for their products. In 1995, the State of Hawaii produced

1,250,800 pounds of specialty tropical fruit (of all varieties) with a

value of $987,100. Three varieties of fruit--carambola, litchi, and

specialty pineapple--accounted for 74 percent of Hawaii's 1995

production. The remaining 26 percent, or approximately 325,000 pounds

of fruit, consisted of all other varieties of fruit grown in Hawaii,

including the six specialty fruits named in this document. Also, in

1992, Hawaii produced 12,570,831 pounds of bananas, with a value of

$5.2 million.

In 1995, 115 farms in the State of Hawaii grew at least one variety

of specialty tropical fruit. However, information on which of those

farms grew one or more of the six specialty fruits named in this

document is not available. Information is also not available on the

gross receipts for each of the 115 farms. In all likelihood, most of

the 115 farms are small entities because data for all 2,019 Hawaiian

farms whose revenues are derived primarily from the sales of fruit and/

or tree nuts show that 99 percent are small entities under SBA

standards.

The production of tropical specialty fruit is growing rapidly in

Hawaii. The State's 1995 production level represents an increase of

approximately 126 percent, or 698,100 pounds, over the 1994 level of

552,700 pounds. Carambola and specialty pineapple accounted for more

than 80 percent of the increase. The increase in production of tropical

specialty fruit is expected to continue, as a response to the decline

in the sugar industry and to the recent availability of prime

agricultural lands in the State of Hawaii. In 1995, Hawaiian growers

devoted 415 acres to tropical specialty fruits, 6 percent more acreage

than in 1994. It is estimated that by the year 2000, Hawaii will be

producing 2.6 million pounds of tropical specialty fruits annually,

more than double the 1995 level. If Hawaiian growers move 200,000

pounds of each of the six specialty fruits named in this document

interstate annually, using the 1995 average per pound value of all

tropical specialty fruits produced in Hawaii (on all 115 farms) of

$.79, the collective annual sales of the fruit would generate $948,000.

This amounts to $8,243 per farm when divided equally among the 115

farms growing specialty tropical fruit.

In 1992, bananas were produced on 700 farms in Hawaii, and a total

of 1,506 acres were devoted to banana production on those farms.

Although data for individual farms in Hawaii that produce bananas is

not available, most are probably small entities by SBA standards

because, as mentioned earlier, data for all 2,019 Hawaiian farms whose

revenues are derived primarily from the sales of fruit and/or tree nuts

show that 99 percent are small entities under SBA standards. However,

if the proposal is adopted, it would not have a significant impact on

Hawaiian banana producers. Even if those producers were to move

interstate the equivalent of half of the 1992 banana production (6.3

million pounds), the combined revenues from such sales would amount to

$2.6 million dollars, an average of only $3,681 per farm.

Under these circumstances, the Administrator of the Animal and

Plant Health Inspection Service has determined that this action would

not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small

entities.

Executive Order 12372

This program/activity is listed in the Catalog of Federal Domestic

Assistance under No. 10.025 and is subject to Executive Order 12372,

which requires intergovernmental consultation with State and local

officials. (See 7 CFR part 3015, subpart V.)

Executive Order 12988

This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988,

Civil Justice Reform. If this proposed rule is adopted: (1) All State

and local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with this rule

will be preempted; (2) no retroactive effect will be given to this

rule; and (3) administrative proceedings will not be required before

parties may file suit in court challenging this rule.

Paperwork Reduction Act

In accordance with section 3507(d) of the Paperwork Reduction Act

of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the information collection or

recordkeeping requirements included in this proposed rule have been

submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

Please send written comments to the Office of Information and

Regulatory Affairs, OMB, Attention: Desk Officer for APHIS, Washington,

DC 20503. Please state that your comments refer to Docket No. 97-005-1.

Please send a copy of your comments to: (1) Docket No. 97-005-1,

Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, suite 3C03, 4700 River

Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238, and (2) Clearance Officer,

OIRM, USDA, room 404-W, 14th Street and Independence Avenue SW.,

Washington, DC 20250. Comments on the information collection or

recordkeeping requirements included in this proposed rule are due 60

days from the proposed rule's date of publication in the Federal

Register. A comment to OMB is best assured of having its full

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effect if OMB receives it within 30 days of publication of this

proposed rule.

This proposed rule would allow abiu, atemoya, longan, rambutan, and

sapodilla to move interstate from Hawaii to the mainland United States

if, among other things, the fruit undergoes irradiation treatment in

Hawaii or in a non-fruit fly supporting area of the mainland United

States. In addition, we are proposing to allow durian and green bananas

to move interstate from Hawaii under certain conditions. In order for

these fruits to move interstate to the mainland United States, we would

have to issue certificates and limited permits, and we would have to

mark and seal shipping containers. These information collection

activities would help ensure that only those fruits that have been

handled in compliance with the regulations move interstate to the

mainland United States.

We are soliciting comments from the public (as well as affected

agencies) concerning our proposed information collection and

recordkeeping requirements. We need this outside input to help us:

(1) Evaluate whether the proposed information collection is

necessary for the proper performance of our agency's functions,

including whether the information will have practical utility;

(2) Evaluate the accuracy of our estimate of the burden of the

proposed information collection, including the validity of the

methodology and assumptions used;

(3) Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to

be collected; and

(4) Minimize the burden of the information collection on those who

are to respond (such as through the use of appropriate automated,

electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or

other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting electronic

submission of responses).

Estimate of burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of

information is estimated to average .2550 hours per response.

Respondents: Importers, exporters, shippers, and irradiation

facility operators.

Estimated annual number of respondents: 10.

Estimated annual number of responses per respondent: 255.2.

Estimated annual number of responses: 2,552.

Estimated total annual burden on respondents: 651 hours.

Copies of this information collection can be obtained from:

Clearance Officer, OIRM, USDA, Room 404-W, 14th Street and Independence

Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20250.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 318

Cotton, Cottonseeds, Fruits, Guam, Hawaii, Incorporation by

reference, Plant diseases and pests, Puerto Rico, Quarantine,

Transportation, Vegetables, Virgin Islands.

Accordingly, 7 CFR part 318 would be amended as follows:

PART 318--HAWAIIAN AND TERRITORIAL QUARANTINE NOTICES

1. The authority citation for part 318 would continue to read as

follows:

Authority: 7 U.S.C. 150bb, 150dd, 150ee, 150ff, 161, 162, 164a,

and 167; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.2(c).

Sec. 318.13-2 [Amended]

2. In Sec. 318.13-2, paragraph (b), the list of fruits and

vegetables would be amended by adding, in alphabetical order, ``Durian

(Dirio zibethinus).''

3. In Sec. 318.13-4f, paragraphs (a) and (b)(4)(iii) would be

revised to read as follows:

Sec. 318.13-4f Administrative instructions prescribing methods for

irradiation treatment of certain fruits and vegetables from Hawaii.

(a) Approved irradiation treatment. Irradiation, carried out in

accordance with the provisions of this section, is approved as a

treatment for the following fruits and vegetables: Abiu, atemoya,

carambola, litchi, longan, papaya, rambutan, and sapodilla.

(b) * * *

(4) * * *

(iii) Litchi and longan from Hawaii may not be moved interstate

into Florida. All cartons in which litchi or longan are packed must be

stamped ``Not for importation into or distribution in FL.''

* * * * *

4. A new Sec. 318.13-4i would be added to read as follows:

Sec. 318.13-4i Administrative instructions; conditions governing the

movement of green bananas from Hawaii.

Green bananas (Musa spp.) of the cultivars ``Williams,''

``Valery,'' and dwarf ``Brazilian'' may be moved interstate from Hawaii

with a certificate issued in accordance with Secs. 318.13-3 and 318.13-

4 of this subpart if the bananas meet the following conditions:

(a) The bananas must be picked while green and packed for shipment

within 24 hours after harvest. If the green bananas will be stored

overnight during that 24-hour period, they must be stored in a facility

that prevents access by fruit flies;

(b) No bananas from bunches containing prematurely ripe fingers

(i.e., individual yellow bananas in a cluster of otherwise green

bananas) may be harvested or packed for shipment;

(c) The bananas must be inspected by an inspector and found free of

plant pests as well as any of the following defects: prematurely ripe

fingers, fused fingers, or exposed flesh (not including fresh cuts made

during the packing process); and

(d) The bananas must be packaged for interstate movement in a pest-

proof shipping container or carton.

Done in Washington, DC, this 4th day of June 1998.

Charles P. Schwalbe,

Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

[FR Doc. 98-15403 Filed 6-9-98; 8:45 am]

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