Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Metric Conversion
Federal RegisterApr 21, 1997
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
49 CFR Part 571
[Docket No. 97-21; Notice 1]
RIN 2127-AG55
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Metric Conversion
AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.
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SUMMARY: This document proposes to revise selected Federal Motor
Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) by converting English measurements
specified in those standards to metric measurements. This document
begins the second phase of several rulemaking actions that NHTSA will
undertake to implement the Federal policy that the metric system of
measurement is the preferred system of weights and measures for United
States trade and commerce. The proposed conversions are not intended to
make any changes in the stringency of the affected FMVSS.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before June 20, 1997.
ADDRESSES: All comments should refer to the docket number and notice
number in the heading of this notice and be submitted, preferably in
ten copies, to: Docket Section, Room 5109, National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590.
Docket hours are 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Kevin Cavey, National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC
20590. Mr. Cavey's telephone number is: (202) 366-5271.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Outline of Document
I. Background Information
II. Today's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
A. Exact Versus Equivalent Conversions
1. Gross Vehicle Weight Ratings
2. Standard No. 219, Windshield zone intrusion, and Standard No.
301, Fuel system integrity
B. ``Mass'' v. ``Weight''
C. Force Measurements
D. Dual Measurements
E. Leadtime
F. Other Changes
III. Regulatory Impacts
A. Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and
Procedures
B. Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Environmental Impacts
D. Federalism
E. Civil Justice Reform
Proposed Regulatory Text
I. Background Information
Section 5164 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act (Pub. L.
1 00-418), makes it United States (U.S.) policy that the metric system
of measurement is the preferred system of weights and measures for
United States trade and commerce. Through Executive Order 12770,
Federal agencies are directed to comply with the Act by adopting a
conversion schedule for their programs by September 30, 1992. In a
Federal Register document of April 21, 1992 (57 FR 14619), the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) published its plan to use
the metric system in NHTSA programs, and included an implementation
schedule to convert the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSSs)
to metric measurements.
Using the plan, in the Federal Register of March 15, 1994 (59 FR
11962), the agency published a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to
convert English system measurements in selected FMVSSs to the metric
system. In this first round of conversions, the agency selected the
following FMVSSs for which conversions were simple, and relatively
straightforward: Standard No. 102, Transmission shift lever sequence,
starter interlock, and transmission braking effect; Standard No. 103,
Windshield defrosting and defogging systems; Standard No. 104,
Windshield wiping and washing systems; Standard No. 107, Reflecting
surfaces; Standard No. 110, Tire selection and rims; Standard No. 112,
Headlamp concealment devices; Standard No. 114, Theft protection;
Standard No. 115, Vehicle identification number--basic requirements;
Standard No. 120, Tire selection and rims for motor vehicles other than
passenger cars; Standard No. 124, Accelerator control systems; Standard
No. 126, Truck-camper loading; Standard No. 205, Glazing materials;
Standard No. 206, Door locks and door retention components; Standard
No. 207, Seating systems; Standard No. 212, Windshield mounting, and
Standard No. 216, Roof crush resistance.
NHTSA reviewed the public comments in response to the NPRM, and
made certain changes recommended by the commenters. In a final rule of
March 14, 1995 (60 FR 13639), the agency converted to the metric
system, English measurements in the above named Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standards (49 CFR 571 et seq.).
[[Page 19254]]
The final rule discussed principles for NHTSA to follow in
converting English measurements to the metric system. These principles
are also applicable to the present rulemaking and are discussed below.
II. Today's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
In this notice of proposed rulemaking, NHTSA proposes to convert to
metric measurements, English measurements in the following Federal
Motor Vehicle Safety Standards: Standard No. 101, Controls and
displays; Standard No. 109, New pneumatic tires; Standard No. 111,
Rearview mirrors; Standard No. 116, Motor vehicle brake fluids;
Standard No. 117, Retreaded pneumatic tires; Standard No. 119, New
pneumatic tires for vehicles other than passenger cars; Standard No.
123, Motorcycle controls and displays; Standard No. 201, Occupant
protection in interior impact; Standard No. 202, Head restraints;
Standard No. 203, Impact protection for the driver from the steering
control system; Standard No. 204, Steering control rearward
displacement; Standard No. 209, Seat belt assemblies; Standard No. 210,
Seat belt assembly anchorages; Standard No. 219, Windshield zone
intrusion; Standard No. 220, School bus rollover protection; Standard
No. 222, School bus passenger seating and crash protection; Standard
No. 301, Fuel system integrity; and Standard No. 302, Flammability of
interior materials.
As noted above, NHTSA established principles in converting English
system measurements to the metric system in the first round of
metrication. NHTSA intends to metricate the selected FMVSSs according
to the following principles.
A. Exact Versus Equivalent Conversions
With respect to the nature of the conversions to be made, the
agency generally favors the use of equivalent conversions 1
because using values stated in integers would facilitate making
measurements during compliance testing. However, NHTSA will not use
equivalent conversions where there is a specific safety need or other
reason to make an exact conversion.
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1 To illustrate equivalent and exact conversions, an
equivalent conversion of two inches would be 51 millimeters, while
an exact conversion would be 50.8 millimeters.
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In the majority of cases, the proposed conversions are equivalent
conversions. It is the agency's intent that, if made final, these
equivalent conversions have no substantive effect on specifications or
requirements in the affected standard. Public comment is sought on
whether each equivalent conversion would substantively affect the
regulatory text. If there would be a substantive effect, comment is
requested on the appropriate exact conversion.
In certain cases, exact conversions are proposed. Most of the exact
conversions specify the height of lettering, the minimum depth to which
the lettering must be impressed, or the maximum height to which it must
be embossed. In such situations, manufacturers typically have invested
in molds and other materials that produce lettering of very precise
sizes. NHTSA does not want the conversion of the required lettering to
have the effect of requiring manufacturers to have to change molds and
materials.
NHTSA also proposes to use exact conversions for certain other
measurements, to avoid a possibility that the standard would become
more stringent after the conversion. For each of these proposed
conversions, the agency seeks comment on whether use of the equivalent,
rather than the exact conversion, would make a substantive difference:
1. Gross Vehicle Weight Ratings (GVWRs)
NHTSA proposes to convert any references to GVWRs to the exact
conversion. GVWRs of 10,000 pounds are proposed to be converted to 4536
kilograms and GVWRs of 6,000 pounds are proposed to be converted to
2,722 kilograms. NHTSA is aware that some of the Canadian Motor Vehicle
Safety Standards use the equivalent conversions of 4500 kilograms for
the 10,000 pound GVWR and 2700 kilograms for the 6000 pound GVWR.
Such an exact GVWR conversion could affect the applicability of
some of the FMVSS's to particular vehicles. In the case of standards
that apply to vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less, rounding
to 4500 kilograms would affect any vehicles between 4501 and 4536
kilograms GVWR. Such vehicles may be excluded from FMVSS's that had
applied to them (e.g., Standards Nos. 201, Occupant protection in
interior impact, and 203, Impact protection for the driver from the
steering control system, which apply to vehicles with GVWR's of 10,000
pounds or less), or be subject to requirements that had previously not
applied to them (e.g, Standard No. 222, School Bus Passenger Seating
and Crash Protection which applies to vehicles with GVWR's of more than
10,000 pounds).
NHTSA notes that the number of vehicles in the 4501 to 4536
kilogram or 2700 to 2722 kilogram ranges is likely to be very small.
NHTSA requests comments on whether to use equivalent conversions or
exact conversion.
2. Standard No. 219, Windshield Zone Intrusion, and Standard No. 301,
Fuel System Integrity
Under the test conditions of S7.7(b) in Standard No. 219, and the
test conditions of S7.1.6(b) in Standard No. 301, certain tested
vehicles must be loaded to their unloaded vehicle weight plus 300
pounds. In this NPRM, the agency proposes to convert 300 pounds to 136
kilograms, the equivalent conversion. The Canadian standards have
converted 300 pounds to the equivalent conversion of 140 kilograms. In
the conversion of 300 pounds, the concern about stringency is
particularly relevant because the manufacturers' certification testing
for Standards Nos. 208, Occupant crash protection; 212, Windshield
mounting; 219, Windshield zone intrusion; and 301, Fuel system
integrity can be conducted in a single crash test. A slight increase in
the load required for Standards Nos. 219 and 301 testing (resulting
from a conversion to 140 kilograms) may necessitate the manufacturers
conducting a separate crash test for Standard No. 219 and Standard No.
301 certification. To avoid this situation, the agency proposes to
convert 300 pounds to the equivalent conversion of 136 kilograms,
rather than the equivalent conversion of 140 kilograms.
B. ``Mass'' v. ``Weight''
Kilograms are measures of ``mass,'' not ``weight.'' Thus, in
instances in which the safety standards use ``weight'' to mean ``mass''
in describing compliance testing conditions and procedures, or in other
instances in which the standards are primarily directed to engineers or
other technically trained persons, NHTSA proposes to revise ``weight''
in the regulatory text to ``mass.'' As an example, in Standard No. 116,
Motor vehicle brake fluids, a sentence in S6.11.1 states: ``At the end
of this period, the metal strips are examined for pitting, etching, and
weight loss.'' NHTSA proposes to amend this sentence to read: ``At the
end of this period, the metal strips are examined for pitting, etching,
and loss of mass.''
However, in instances in which the word ``weight'' is part of a
term defined at 49 CFR part 571.3, such as ``curb weight,'' ``gross
axle mass rating,'' or ``unloaded vehicle weight,'' NHTSA is not making
the change. NHTSA proposes not to adopt terms such as ``curb mass,''
``gross axle mass rating,'' or ``unloaded vehicle mass.'' NHTSA
[[Page 19255]]
will consider amending terms that use ``weight'' in future rulemakings
to metrify the safety standards.
While NHTSA is considering changing references in the FMVSSs from
``weight'' to ``mass'', it is also concerned about the effect of such a
change. For example, NHTSA is still uncertain whether the general
public would be confused by use of the phrase ``Camper mass is ________
kg'' rather than ``Camper weight'' specified in Standard No. 126. In
addition, States use terms such as gross vehicle ``weight'' rating as
the basis for determining which vehicle registration fees, driver's
licensing requirements, and restrictions on use of roads are applicable
to particular vehicles. Before making a change from ``weight'' to
``mass,'' NHTSA wants to obtain public comment on each of the proposed
changes.
C. Force Measurements
Standard No. 220 and Standard No. 222 establish strength
requirements for school bus rollover and for school bus passenger
seating, respectively. Standard No. 220 requires that a school bus roof
withstand a force equal to 1\1/2\ times the vehicle weight applied to
the roof. Standard No. 222 specifies in part that school bus passenger
seats be equipped with cushions that will not separate from the seat at
any attachment point when subjected to an upward force of five times
the seat cushion weight. When using units of English measurement, both
weight and force are expressed in pounds. However, the metric system
expresses mass in kilograms and force in Newtons. Thus, in converting
forces to the metric system, there is no simple one-to-one conversion
when calculating the force that should be applied. Instead, persons
conducting tests will need to measure the weight of the seat or vehicle
mass in kilograms and multiply each figure by 9.8 m/s2 to convert
the figure to Newtons.
In making the metric conversion of the force measurements in
Standard No. 220 and Standard No. 222, NHTSA proposes to specify the
steps of the conversion in the regulatory language, to minimize the
chance of the wrong metric system conversion being made. Specifically,
for Standard No. 220, NHTSA proposes to amend the force measurement
language (in S4.) to provide that the roof of the vehicle's body
structure shall be subjected to a force in Newtons equal to 1\1/2\
times the unloaded vehicle weight, measured in kilograms and multiplied
by 9.8 m/s2. For Standard No. 222, NHTSA proposes to amend the
force measurement language (in S5.1.5) to provide that the seat cushion
shall not separate from the seat at any attachment point when subjected
to an upward force in Newtons of 5 times the mass of the seat cushion
in kilograms and multiplied by 9.8 m/s2. Comment is sought on this
proposal to specify the calculation of the metric force measurement for
Standards Nos. 220 and 222.
D. Dual Measurements
NHTSA also seeks comment on proposed metric conversions of certain
tables. When converting the FMVSSs to the metric system, the agency
believes that some tables incorporating metric measurements would not
be very informative to American mirror or tire manufacturers and
retreaders, many of which may be more familiar with English
measurements. Therefore, in the case of the mirror and tire standards,
it is proposed that the tables and regulatory text provide both the
English and metric systems of measurement. Specifically, in Standard
No. 111, Rearview mirrors, NHTSA proposes to provide both English and
metric measurements for radii of curvature specified in Table I--
``Conversion Table from Spherometer Dial Reading to Radius of
Curvature''. In Standard No. 117, Retreaded pneumatic tires, NHTSA
proposes to include both p.s.i. and kPa measurements in Table I--
``Plies''. In Standard No. 119, New pneumatic tires for vehicles other
than passenger cars, NHTSA proposes to provide both English and metric
measurements in Table I--``Strength Test Plunger Diameter'', Table II--
``Minimum Static Breaking Energy'', and Table III--``Endurance Test
Schedule''.
If the proposed use of dual measurements is adopted as final, the
agency anticipates, at some future date, phasing out the English units
of measurement. Public comment is sought generally on this proposal to
use dual measurements for the specified tables and on the period of
time after which the English units of measurements should be phased
out.
E. Lead Time
NHTSA proposes that if made final, the changes proposed in this
NPRM take effect one year after the publication of the final rule, with
manufacturers given the option to comply immediately with the new
measurements. NHTSA believes one year is enough lead time for industry
to make any necessary changes. NHTSA has consistently stated that it is
not the agency's intent to impose unnecessary costs to manufacturers as
a result of the metrication process. NHTSA is aware that if some of the
proposed changes in the tire standards, were made final, tire mold
manufacturers would have to change molds to accommodate the new metric/
English measurements. Changing tire molds to accommodate labeling with
metric measurements where it is not specified may result in
manufacturers incurring significant costs unless sufficient lead time
is given so that changes could be made when molds are changed. NHTSA
seeks comment on the amount of lead time tire manufacturers should be
given so that they could meet any changes that may result if this NPRM
were made final. NHTSA specifically asks whether one year is enough
lead time to permit tire manufacturers to purchase new molds that would
meet the metricated standard, if made final.
F. Other Changes
1. Standard No. 207, Seating Systems
As earlier noted, in the final rule of March 14, 1995, NHTSA
converted English measurements in Standard No. 207 to the metric
system. Subsequently, it was discovered that the conversion resulted in
typographical errors in S5.1.2 (part of the section on test
procedures), so that the part of the ``seat'' to which force is applied
was no longer specific. In this NPRM, NHTSA proposes to correct the
second sentence of S5.1.2. to read: ``Apply forces, in Newtons, equal
to 20 times the mass of the seat back in kilograms multiplied by 9.8 m/
s2 horizontally through the center of gravity of the seat back, as
shown in Figure 2 and apply forces, in Newtons, equal to 20 times the
mass of the seat bench in kilograms multiplied by 9.8 m/s2
horizontally through the center of gravity of the seat bench, as shown
in Figure 3.''
2. Standard No. 210, Seat Belt Assembly Anchorages
NHTSA also proposes to correct an error in the figures for Standard
No. 210. Specifically, Figure 2, ``Body Block for Lap Belt Anchorage''
should have been removed when Figures 2A and 2B were added to the
standard (See 55 FR 17984, April 30, 1990). NHTSA notes that since
Figure 2 and Figure 2A are technically equivalent, the duplication of
the two figures did not create conflicting requirements in Standard No.
210.
3. Removing Outdated Language
NHTSA further proposes to remove outdated language in Standard No.
204 and Standard No. 210. Specifically, in Standard No. 204, Steering
control rearward displacement, NHTSA proposes to remove S4.1, that
refers to
[[Page 19256]]
vehicles manufactured before September 1, 1991. In Standard No. 210,
Seat belt assembly anchorages, NHTSA proposes to remove S4.3.1.5, that
refers to vehicles manufactured between September 1, 1992 and September
1, 1993.
III. Regulatory Impacts
A. Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures
NHTSA has examined the impact of this rulemaking action under E.O.
12866 and the Department of Transportation's regulatory policies and
procedures. This rulemaking document was not reviewed under E. O.
12866, ``Regulatory Planning and Review.'' This action has been
determined to be not ``significant'' under DOT's regulatory policies
and procedures. In converting the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standards from the English to the metric measurement system, the agency
proposes conversions that would not substantively change the
performance requirements of the FMVSS's. If this rule is made final,
manufacturers now providing consumer information (e.g., labeling) may
incur minimal additional costs since they would have to change their
information to add the metric units. However, the agency believes
additional costs would be minuscule, since manufacturers currently
label and provide consumer information in English units. The impacts of
this action would be so minor that a full regulatory evaluation for
this proposed rule has not been prepared.
B. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The agency has also considered the effects of this rulemaking
action under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). I
certify that this proposed rule would not, if promulgated, have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
The rationale for this certification is that no substantive change
resulting from converting the FMVSS from the English system to the
metric system will be made to the performance requirements of any of
the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. Manufacturers that qualify
as small businesses that do not now label their products in metric
units or provide consumer information in metric units would incur some
costs to include metric labeling. However, the agency believes such
costs would be minimal, given these manufacturers are currently
labeling and providing the consumer information in English units.
C. Environmental Impacts
In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969,
the agency has considered the environmental impacts of this proposed
rule and determined that, if adopted as a final rule, it would not have
a significant impact on the quality of the human environment.
D. Federalism
This action has been analyzed in accordance with the principles and
criteria contained in Executive Order 12612, and it has been determined
that the proposed rulemaking does not have sufficient federalism
implications to warrant the preparation of a Federalism Assessment.
E. Civil Justice Reform
This proposed rule would not have a retroactive effect. Under
Section 103(d) of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (15
U.S.C. 1392(d)), whenever a Federal motor vehicle safety standard is in
effect, a state may not adopt or maintain a safety standard applicable
to the same aspect of performance which is not identical to the Federal
standard. Section 105 of the Act (15 U.S.C. 1394) sets forth a
procedure for judicial review of final rules establishing, amending or
revoking Federal motor vehicle safety standards. That section does not
require submission of a petition for reconsideration or other
administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in court.
Public Comments
Interested persons are invited to submit comments on the proposal.
It is requested, but not required, that 10 copies be submitted.
All comments must not exceed 15 pages in length. (49 CFR 553.21).
Necessary attachments may be appended to these submissions without
regard to the 15-page limit. This limitation is intended to encourage
commenters to detail their primary arguments in a concise fashion.
If a commenter wishes to submit certain information under a claim
of confidentiality, three copies of a complete submission, including
purportedly confidential business information, should be submitted to
the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the street address given above, and seven
copies from which the purportedly confidential information has been
deleted should be submitted to the Docket Section. A request for
confidentiality should be accompanied by a cover letter setting forth
the information specified in the agency's confidential business
information regulation. 49 CFR part 512.
All comments received before the close of business on the comment
closing date indicated above for the proposal will be considered, and
will be available for examination in the docket at the above address
both before and after that date. To the extent possible, comments filed
after the closing date will also be considered. Comments received too
late for consideration in regard to the final rule will be considered
as suggestions for further rulemaking action. Comments on the proposal
will be available for inspection in the docket. The NHTSA will continue
to file relevant information as it becomes available in the docket
after the closing date, and it is recommended that interested persons
continue to examine the docket for new material.
Those persons desiring to be notified upon receipt of their
comments in the rules docket should enclose a self-addressed, stamped
postcard in the envelope with their comments. Upon receiving the
comments, the docket supervisor will return the postcard by mail.
List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 571
Imports, Motor vehicle safety, Motor vehicles, Rubber and rubber
products, Tires.
In consideration of the foregoing, it is proposed that the Federal
Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (49 CFR Part 571), be amended as set
forth below.
PART 571--FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS
1. The authority citation for part 571 would continue to read as
follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115, 30117, and 30166;
delegation of authority at 49 CFR 1.50.
2. Section 571.101 would be amended by revising S5(a) and revising
S5.3.5 to read as follows:
Sec. 571.101 Standard No. 101; Controls and displays.
* * * * *
S5. Requirements. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this
section, each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and
bus manufactured with any control listed in S5.1 or in column 1 of
Table 1, and each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle and
truck or bus less than 4,536 kg GVWR with any display listed in S5.1 or
in column 1 of Table 2 shall meet the requirements of this standard for
the location, identification,
[[Page 19257]]
and illumination of such control or display.
* * * * *
S5.3.5 Any source of illumination within the passenger compartment
which is forward of a transverse vertical plane 110 mm rearward of the
mannikin ``H'' point with the driver's seat in its rearmost driving
position, which is not used for the controls and displays regulated by
this standard, which is not a telltale, and which is capable of being
illuminated while the vehicle is in motion, shall have either (1) light
intensity which is manually or automatically adjustable to provide at
least two levels of brightness, (2) a single intensity that is barely
discernible to a driver who has adapted to dark ambient roadway
conditions, or (3) a means of being turned off. This requirement does
not apply to buses that are normally operated with the passenger
compartment illuminated.
* * * * *
3. Section 571.101 would be amended by revising Table 2 at the end
of S6 and following Table 1(a) to read as follows:
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P
[[Page 19258]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.000
BILLING CODE 4910-59-C
[[Page 19259]]
4. Section 571.109 would be amended by revising in S4.2.1,
paragraph (d); revising S4.2.2.3.1; revising S4.2.2.3.2; revising the
first sentence of S4.3 Labeling Requirements introductory paragraph;
revising the first sentence of S4.3.5; revising S5.2.2.1; revising
S5.3.2.1; revising S5.3.2.3; revising S5.4.1.2; revising S5.4.2.1;
revising S5.4.2.2; revising S5.4.2.3; revising S5.5.2; revising S5.5.3;
and revising S5.5.4 to read as follows:
Sec. 571.109 Standard No. 109; New pneumatic tires.
* * * * *
S4.2.1 General. Each tire shall conform to each of the following:
* * * * *
(d) It shall incorporate a tread wear indicator that will provide a
visual indication that the tire has worn to a tread depth of 2 mm (1/16
inch).
* * * * *
S4.2.2.3 Tubeless tire resistance to bead unseating.
S4.2.2.3.1 When a tubeless tire that has a maximum inflation
pressure other than 414 kPa (60 psi) is tested in accordance with S5.2,
the applied force required to unseat the tire bead at the point of
contact shall be not less than:
(a) 6,672 N (1,500 pounds) for tires with a designated section
width of less than 152 mm (6 inches);
(b) 8,896 N (2,000 pounds) for tires with a designated section
width of 152 mm (6 inches) or more but less than 203 mm (8 inches);
(c) 11,120 N (2,500 pounds) for tires with a designated section
width of 203 mm (8 inches) or more, using the section width specified
in a submission made by an individual manufacturer, pursuant to
S4.4.1(a), or in one of the publications described in S4.4.1(b) for the
applicable tire size designation and type.
S4.2.2.3.2 When a tire that has a maximum inflation pressure of
414 kPa (60 psi) is tested in accordance with S5.2, the applied force
required to unseat the bead at the point of contact shall be not less
than:
(a) 6,672 N (1,500 pounds) for tires with a maximum load rating of
less than 399 kg (880 pounds);
(b) 8,896 N (2,000 pounds) for tires with a maximum load rating of
399 kg (880 pounds) or more but less than 635 kg (1,400 pounds);
(c) 11,120 N (2,500 pounds) for tires with a maximum load rating of
635 kg (1,400 pounds) or more, using the maximum load rating marked on
the sidewall of the tire.
* * * * *
S4.3 Labeling Requirements. Except as provided in S4.3.1 and
S4.3.2, each tire shall have permanently molded into or onto both
sidewalls, in letters and numerals not less than 2 mm (0.078 inches)
high, the information shown in paragraphs S4.3 (a) and (g). * * *
* * * * *
S4.3.5 If the maximum inflation pressure of a tire is 414 kPa (60
psi), the tire shall have permanently molded into or onto both
sidewalls, in letters and numerals not less than 13 mm (\1/2\ inch),
the words ``Inflate to 60 psi'' or ``Inflate to 414 kPa (60 psi)''. * *
*
* * * * *
S5.2.2 Test procedure.
S5.2.2.1 Apply a load through the block to the tire outer sidewall
at the distance specified in Figure 1 for the applicable wheel size at
a rate of 51 mm (2 inches) per minute, with the load arm substantially
parallel to the tire and rim assembly at the time of engagement.
* * * * *
S5.3.2 Test procedure.
S5.3.2.1 Force a 19 mm (\3/4\ inch) diameter cylindrical steel
plunger with a hemispherical end perpendicularly into the tread rib as
near to the centerline as possible, avoiding penetration into the tread
groove, at the rate of 51 mm (2 inches) per minute.
* * * * *
S5.3.2.3 Compute the breaking energy for each test point by means
of one of the two following formulas:
W = [(F x P)/2] x 103 (Joules)
Where
W = Energy, in Joules;
F = Force, Newtons; and
P = Penetration, mm; or
W = [(F x P)/2]
Where
W = Energy, inch-pounds;
F = Force, pounds; and
P = Penetration, inches.
* * * * *
S5.4.1.2 Condition the tire assembly to 38 deg.2 deg.
C (100 deg.5 deg. F) for at least three hours.
* * * * *
S5.4.2.1 Mount the tire and wheel assembly on a test axle and
press it against a flat-faced steel test wheel 1708 mm (67.23 inches)
in diameter and at least as wide as the section width of the tire to be
tested or an approved equivalent test wheel, with the applicable test
load specified in the table in S5.4.2.3 for the tire's size
designation, type and maximum permissible inflation pressure.
S5.4.2.2 During the test, the air surrounding the test area shall
be 38 deg.2 deg. C (100 deg.5 deg. F).
S5.4.2.3 Conduct the test at 80 kilometers per hour (km/h)(50
miles per hour) in accordance with the following schedule without
pressure adjustment or other interruptions:
The loads for the following periods are the specified percentage of
the maximum load rating marked on the tire sidewall:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 hours...................................................... 85
6 hours...................................................... 90
24 hours..................................................... 100
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
S5.5 High speed performance.
* * * * *
S5.5.2 Break in the tire by running it for 2 hours at 80 km/h (50
mph).
S5.5.3 Allow to cool to 38 deg.2 deg. C
(100 deg.5 deg. F) and readjust the inflation pressure to
the applicable pressure specified in Table II.
S5.5.4 Without readjusting inflation pressure, test at 121 km/h
(75 mph) for 30 minutes, 129 km/h (80 mph) for 30 minutes, and 137 km/h
(85 mph) for 30 minutes.
* * * * *
5. In Sec. 571.109, Figure 1--``Bead Unseating Fixture--Dimensions
in Inches'', the Table titled ``Figures for Standard No. 109,'' Figure
2--``Diagram of Beat Unseating Block Dimensions in Inches'', and Figure
2A--``Diagram of Bead Unseating Block--Dimensions in Inches'' after S6,
and preceding Appendix A, would be revised to read as follows:
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P
[[Page 19260]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.001
[[Page 19261]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.002
[[Page 19262]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.003
BILLING CODE 4910-59-C
[[Page 19263]]
(Accompanies Figure 1)
Figures for Standard 109
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dimension ``A'' for tires with maximum inflation pressure
Wheel sizes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other than 60 psi Other than 414 kPa 60 psi 414kPa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 inches......................... 13.00 in....................... 330 mm......................... 12.00 in....................... 305 mm
18 inches......................... 12.50 in....................... 318 mm......................... 11.40 in....................... 290 mm
17 inches......................... 12.00 in....................... 305 mm......................... 10.60 in....................... 269 mm
16 inches......................... 11.50 in....................... 292 mm......................... 9.90 in........................ 251 mm
15 inches......................... 11.00 in....................... 279 mm......................... 9.40 in........................ 239 mm
14 inches......................... 10.50 in....................... 267 mm......................... 8.90 in........................ 226 mm
13 inches......................... 10.00 in....................... 254 mm......................... 8.40 in........................ 213 mm
12 inches......................... 9.50 in....................... 241 mm......................... ............................... .................
11 inches......................... 9.00 in....................... 229 mm......................... ............................... .................
10 inches......................... 8.50 in....................... 216 mm......................... ............................... .................
320 mm............................ 8.50 in....................... 216 mm......................... ............................... .................
340 mm............................ 9.00 in....................... 229 mm......................... ............................... .................
345 mm............................ 9.25 in....................... 235 mm......................... ............................... .................
365 mm............................ 9.75 in....................... 248 mm......................... ............................... .................
370 mm............................ 10.00 in....................... 254 mm......................... ............................... .................
390 mm............................ 11.00 in....................... 279 mm......................... ............................... .................
415 mm............................ 11.50 in....................... 292 mm......................... ............................... .................
400 mm\1\......................... 10.25 in....................... 260 mm......................... ............................... .................
425 mm\1\......................... 10.75 in....................... 273 mm......................... ............................... .................
450 mm\1\......................... 11.25 in....................... 286 mm......................... ............................... .................
475 mm\1\......................... 11.75 in....................... 298 mm......................... ............................... .................
500 mm\1\......................... 12.25 in....................... 311 mm......................... ............................... .................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For CT Tires only.
6. In Sec. 571.109, in Appendix A, Table 1-A--``For Bias Ply Tires
with Designated Section Width of 6 Inches and Above'', Table 1-B ``For
Bias Ply Tires with Designated Section Width Below 6 Inches'', Table 1-
C ``For Radial Ply Tires'', Table 1-D ``For Tires with 60 lb/in\2\
Maximum Permissible Inflation Pressure and Maximum Load Rating Below
880 Lb. And Above'', 2nd Table 1-E ``For Tires With 60 lb/in\2\ Maximum
Permissible Inflation Pressure and Maximum Load Rating Below 880
Lb'',would be revised to read as follows:
Appendix A--Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109
* * * * *
TABLE I-A.--For Bias Ply Tires With Designated Section Width of 152 mm (6 Inches) and Above
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cord material 32 psi 36 psi 40 psi 240 kPa 280 kPa 300 kPa 340 kPA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rayon (in-lbs)............................................... 1,650 2,574 3,300 1,650 3,300 1,650 3,300
(Joules)..................................................... 186 291 373 186 373 186 373
Nylon or polyester (in-lbs).................................. 2,600 3,900 5,200 2,600 5,200 2,600 5,200
(Joules)..................................................... 294 441 588 294 588 294 588
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table I-B.--For Bias Ply Tires With Designated Section Width Below 152 mm (6 Inches)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cord material 32 psi 36 psi 40 psi 240 kPa 280 kPa 300 kPa 340 kPA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rayon (in-lbs)............................................... 1,000 1,875 2,500 1,000 2,500 1,000 2,500
(Joules)..................................................... 113 212 282 113 282 113 282
Nylon or polyester (in-lbs).................................. 1,950 2,925 3,900 1,950 3,900 1,950 3,900
(Joules)..................................................... 220 330 441 220 441 220 441
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table I-C.--For Radial Ply Tires
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum permissible inflation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tires other than CT tires CT Tires
Size designation -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PSI kPa kPa
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32 36 40 240 280 300 340 350 290 330 350 390
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Below 160 mm (in-lbs)....................... 1,950 2,925 3,900 1,950 3,900 1,950 3,900 1,950 1,950 3,900 1,950 3,900
(Joules).................................... 220 330 441 220 441 220 441 220 220 441 220 441
160 mm or above (in-lbs).................... 2,600 3,900 5,200 2,600 5,200 2,600 5,200 2,600 2,600 5,200 2,600 5,200
(Joules).................................... 294 441 588 294 588 294 588 294 294 588 294 588
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 19264]]
Table I-D--For Tires With 414 kPa (60 PSI) Maximum Permissible Inflation
Pressure and Maximum Load Rating 399 kg (880 lb) and Above
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cord material Inch-pounds Joules (J)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rayon..................................... 1,650 inch pounds.
186 Joules (J).
Nylon or Polyester........................ 2,600 inch pounds.
294 Joules (J).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table I-E--For Tires With 414 kPa (60 PSI) Maximum Permissible Inflation
Pressure and Maximum Load Rating Below 399 kg (880 lb)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cord material Inch-pounds Joules (J)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rayon..................................... 1,000 inch pounds.
113 Joules (J).
Nylon or Polyester........................ 1,950 inch pounds.
220 Joules (J).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Sec. 571.111 would be amended by revising S5.1.1; revising
S5.1.2; revising S5.2.1; revising S5.4.2; revising S5.4.3; revising
S6.1; revising S7.1; revising S8.1; revising S9.2; revising S9.3;
revising S10.1; revising S12.2; revising S12.3; revising S12.4; and
revising S13.2 to read as follows:
Sec. 571.111 Standard No. 111; Rearview mirrors.
* * * * *
S5.1.1 Field of view. Except as provided in S5.3, the mirror shall
provide a field of view with an included horizontal angle measured from
the projected eye point of at least 20 degrees, and sufficient vertical
angle to provide a view of a level road surface extending to the
horizon beginning at a point not greater than 61 m to the rear of the
vehicle when the vehicle is occupied by the driver and four passengers
or the designated occupant capacity, if less, based on an average
occupant weight of 68 kg. The line of sight may be partially obscured
by seated occupants or by head restraints. The location of the driver's
eye reference points shall be those established in Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard No. 104 (Sec. 571.104) or a nominal location appropriate for
any 95th percentile male driver.
S5.1.2 Mounting. The mirror mounting shall provide a stable
support for the mirror, and shall provide for mirror adjustment by
tilting in both the horizontal and vertical directions. If the mirror
is in the head impact area, the mounting shall deflect, collapse or
break away without leaving sharp edges when the reflective surface of
the mirror is subjected to a force of 400 N in any forward direction
that is not more than 45 deg. from the forward longitudinal direction.
S5.2 Outside rearview mirror--driver's side.
S5.2.1 Field of view. Each passenger car shall have an outside
mirror of unit magnification. The mirror shall provide the driver a
view of a level road surface extending to the horizon from a line,
perpendicular to a longitudinal plane tangent to the driver's side of
the vehicle at the widest point, extending 2.4 m out from the tangent
plane 10.7 m behind the driver's eyes, with the seat in the rearmost
position. The line of sight may be partially obscured by rear body or
fender contours. The location of the driver's eye reference points
shall be those established in Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 104
(Sec. 571.104) or a nominal location appropriate for any 95th
percentile male driver.
* * * * *
S5.4.2 Each convex mirror shall have permanently and indelibly
marked at the lower edge of the mirror's reflective surface, in letters
not less than 4.8 mm nor more than 6.4 mm high the words ``Objects in
Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear.''
S5.4.3 The average radius of curvature of each such mirror, as
determined by using the procedure in S12., shall be not less than 889
mm and not more than 1,651 mm.
S6. Requirements for multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and
buses, other than school buses, with GVWR of 4,536 kg or less.
S6.1 Each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus, other
than a school bus, with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less shall have either--
--
(a) Mirrors that conform to the requirements of S5.; or
(b) Outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than
12581 mm\2\ of reflective surface, installed with stable supports on
both sides of the vehicle, located so as to provide the driver a view
to the rear along both sides of the vehicle, and adjustable in both the
horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene.
S7. Requirements for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks
with a GVWR of more than 4,536 and less than 11,340 kg and buses, other
than school buses, with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg.
S7.1 Each multipurpose passenger vehicle and truck with a GVWR of
more than 4,536 kg and less than 11,340 kg and each bus, other than a
school bus, with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg shall have outside
mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than 32260 mm\2\ of
reflective surface, installed with stable supports on both sides of the
vehicle. The mirrors shall be located so as to provide the driver a
view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle and shall be
adjustable both in the horizontal and vertical directions to view the
rearward scene.
S8. Requirements for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks
with a GVWR of 11,340 kg or more.
S8.1 Each multipurpose passenger vehicle and truck with a GVWR of
11,340 kg or more shall have outside mirrors of unit magnification,
each with not less than 32260 mm\2\ of reflective surface, installed
with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle. The mirrors shall be
located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides
of the vehicle and shall be adjustable both in the horizontal and
[[Page 19265]]
vertical directions to view the rearward scene.
S9. Requirements for School Buses. * * *
* * * * *
S9.2 System A shall be located with stable supports so that the
portion of the system on the bus's left side, and the portion on its
right side, each:
(a) Includes at least one mirror of unit magnification with not
less than 32260 mm2 of reflective surface; and
(b) Includes one or more mirrors which together provide, at the
driver's eye location, a view of:
(1) For the mirror system on the right side of the bus, the entire
top surface of cylinder N in Figure 2, and of that area of the ground
which extends rearward from the mirror surface not less than 61 meters.
(2) For the mirror system on the left side of the bus, the entire
top surface of cylinder M in Figure 2, and of that area of the ground
which extends rearward from the mirror surface not less than 61 meters.
S9.3(a) For each of the cylinders A though P whose entire top
surface is not directly visible from the driver's eye location, System
B shall provide, at that location:
(1) A view of the entire top surface of that cylinder.
(2) A view of the ground that overlaps with the view of the ground
provided by System A.
(b) Each mirror installed in compliance with S9.3(a) shall meet the
following requirements:
(1) Each mirror shall have a projected area of at least 25800
mm2, as measured on a plane at a right angle to the mirror's axis.
(2) Each mirror shall be located such that the distance from the
center point of the eye location of a 25th percentile adult female
seated in the driver's seat to the center of the mirror shall be at
least 9525 mm2.
(3) Each mirror shall have no discontinuities in the slope of the
surface of the mirror.
(4) Each mirror shall be installed with a stable support.
(c) Each school bus which has a mirror installed in compliance with
S9.3(a) that has an average radius of curvature of less than 889 mm, as
determined under S12, shall have a label visible to the seated driver.
The label shall be printed in a type face and color that are clear and
conspicuous. The label shall state the following:
USE CROSS VIEW MIRRORS TO VIEW PEDESTRIANS WHILE BUS IS STOPPED. DO
NOT USE THESE MIRRORS TO VIEW TRAFFIC WHILE BUS IS MOVING. IMAGES IN
SUCH MIRRORS DO NOT ACCURATELY SHOW ANOTHER VEHICLE'S LOCATION
* * * * *
S10. Requirements for motorcycles.
S10.1 Each motorcycle shall have either a mirror of unit
magnification with not less than 8065 mm\2\ of reflective surface, or a
convex mirror with not less than 6450 mm\2\ of reflective surface and
an average radius of curvature not less than 508 mm and not greater
than 1524 mm, installed with a stable support, and mounted so that the
horizontal center of the reflective surface is at least 279 mm outward
of the longitudinal centerline of the motorcycle. The mirror shall be
adjustable by tilting in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
* * * * *
S12. Determination of radius of curvature.
* * * * *
S12.2 The 3-point linear spherometer has two outer fixed legs 38
mm apart and one inner movable leg at the midpoint. The spherometer has
a dial indicator with a scale that can be read accurately to .0025 mm,
with the zero reading being a flat surface.
S12.3 The 10 test positions on the image display consist of two
positions at right angles to each other at each of five locations as
shown in Figure 1. The locations are at the center of the mirror, at
the left and right ends of a horizontal line that bisects the mirror
and at the top and bottom ends of a vertical line that bisects the
mirror. None of the readings are within a 6.4 mm border on the edge of
the image display.
S12.4 At each position, the spherometer is held perpendicular to
the convex mirror-surface and a record is made of the reading on the
dial indicator to the nearest .0025 mm.
* * * * *
S13.2 The cylinders are 0.3048 meters (m) high and 0.3048 meters
(m) in diameter, except for cylinder P which is 0.9144 meters (m) high
and 0.3048 meters (m) in diameter.
* * * * *
8. In Sec. 571.111, Table I-``Conversion Table from Spherometer
Dial Reading to Radius of Curvature'', following Figure 1 in S12.8,
would be revised to read as follows:
Table I.--Conversion Table From Spherometer Dial Reading to Radius of
Curvature
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Radius of Radius of
Dial reading curvature curvature
(inches) (mm)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
.00330............................................ 85.2 2164.1
.00350............................................ 80.4 2042.2
.00374............................................ 75.2 1910.1
.00402............................................ 70.0 1778.0
.00416............................................ 67.6 1717.0
.00432............................................ 65.1 1653.5
.00450............................................ 62.5 1587.5
.00468............................................ 60.1 1526.5
.00476............................................ 59.1 1501.1
.00484............................................ 58.1 1475.7
.00492............................................ 57.2 1452.9
.00502............................................ 56.0 1422.4
.00512............................................ 54.9 1394.5
.00522............................................ 53.8 1369.1
.00536............................................ 55.5 1333.5
.00544............................................ 51.7 1313.2
.00554............................................ 50.8 1290.3
.00566............................................ 49.7 1262.4
.00580............................................ 48.5 1231.9
.00592............................................ 47.5 1206.5
.00606............................................ 46.4 1178.6
.00622............................................ 45.2 1148.1
.00636............................................ 44.2 1122.7
.00654............................................ 43.0 1092.2
.00668............................................ 42.1 1069.3
.00686............................................ 41.0 1041.1
.00694............................................ 40.5 1028.7
.00720............................................ 39.1 993.1
.00740............................................ 38.0 965.2
.00760............................................ 37.0 939.8
.00780............................................ 36.1 916.9
.00802............................................ 35.1 891.5
.00922............................................ 34.2 868.7
.00850............................................ 33.1 840.7
.00878............................................ 32.0 812.8
.00906............................................ 31.0 787.4
.00922............................................ 30.5 774.7
.00938............................................ 30.0 762.0
.00960............................................ 29.3 744.2
.00980............................................ 28.7 728.9
.01004............................................ 28.0 711.2
.01022............................................ 27.5 698.5
.01042............................................ 27.0 685.8
.01060............................................ 26.5 673.1
.01080............................................ 26.0 660.4
.01110............................................ 25.3 642.6
.01130............................................ 24.9 632.5
.01170............................................ 24.0 609.6
.01200............................................ 23.4 594.4
.01240............................................ 22.7 576.6
.01280............................................ 22.0 558.8
.01310............................................ 21.5 546.1
.01360............................................ 20.7 525.8
.01400............................................ 20.1 510.5
.01430............................................ 19.1 500.4
.01460............................................ 19.0 482.6
.01540............................................ 18.3 464.8
.01570............................................ 17.9 454.7
.01610............................................ 17.5 444.5
.01650............................................ 17.1 434.3
.01700............................................ 16.6 421.6
.01750............................................ 16.1 408.9
.01800............................................ 15.6 396.2
.01860............................................ 15.1 383.5
.01910............................................ 14.7 373.4
.01980............................................ 14.2 360.7
.02040............................................ 13.8 350.5
.02100............................................ 13.4 340.4
.02160............................................ 13.0 330.2
[[Page 19266]]
.02250............................................ 12.5 317.5
.02340............................................ 12.0 304.8
.02450............................................ 11.5 292.1
.02560............................................ 11.2 279.4
.02680............................................ 10.5 266.7
.02810............................................ 10.0 254.0
.02960............................................ 9.5 241.3
.03130............................................ 9.0 228.6
.03310............................................ 8.5 215.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. In Sec. 571.111, Figure 2 ``Location of Test Cylinders for
School Bus Field-of-View Test'', after S13.3(g), would be revised to
read as follows:
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P
[[Page 19267]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.004
BILLING CODE 4910-59-C
[[Page 19268]]
10. Section 571.116 would be amended by revising S5.1.3; revising
S5.2.1; revising in S5.2.2.2, the introductory paragraph and paragraph
(g)(4); revising in S5.2.2.3, the introductory paragraph, paragraph (d)
and paragraph (e)(4); revising S6.3; revising in S6.6.6, paragraph (a);
revising S6.8.3; revising in S6.10.3, paragraph (a); revising S6.11.1;
revising S6.11.6; revising, in S6.13.2, paragraph (b); revising in
S6.13.3, paragraph (b), revising in S6.13.4, paragraph (c)(1); revising
S7.4.2; and revising in S7.5.1, paragraph (b), to read as follows:
Sec. 571.110 Standard No. 116; Motor vehicle brake fluids.
* * * * *
S5.1.3. Kinematic viscosities. When brake fluid is tested according
to S6.3, the kinematic viscosities in square millimeters per second at
stated temperatures shall be neither less than 1.5 mm\2\/s at 100 deg.
C. (212 deg. F.) nor more than the following maximum value for the
grade indicated:
(a) DOT 3: 1,500 mm\2\/s at minus 40 deg. C. (minus 40 deg. F.).
(b) DOT 4: 1,800 mm\2\/s at minus 40 deg. C. (minus 40 deg. F.).
(c) DOT 5: 900 mm\2\/s at minus 40 deg. C. (minus 40 deg. F.).
* * * * *
S5.2.1 Container sealing. Each brake fluid or hydraulic system
mineral oil container with a capacity of 177 mL or more shall be
provided with a resealable closure that has an inner seal impervious to
the packaged brake fluid. The container closure shall include a tamper-
proof feature that will either be destroyed or substantially altered
when the container closure is initially opened.
* * * * *
S5.2.2.2 Each packager of brake fluid shall furnish the
information specified in paragraphs (a) through (g) of this S5.2.2.2 by
clearly marking it on each brake fluid container or on a label (labels)
permanently affixed to the container, in any location except a
removable part such as a lid. After being subjected to the operations
and conditions specified in S6.14, the information required by this
section shall be legible to an observer having corrected visual acuity
of 20/40 (Snellen ratio) at a distance of 305 mm, and any label affixed
to the container in compliance with this section shall not be removable
without it being destroyed or defaced.
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(4) CAUTION: DO NOT REFILL CONTAINER, AND DO NOT USE FOR OTHER
LIQUIDS. (Not required for containers with a capacity in excess of 19
L.)
S5.2.2.3 Each packager of hydraulic system mineral oil shall
furnish the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this
S5.2.2.3 by clearly marking it on each brake fluid container or on a
label (labels) permanently affixed to the container, in any location
except a removable part such as a lid. After being subjected to the
operations and conditions specified in S6.14, the information required
by this section shall be legible to an observer having corrected visual
acuity of 20/40 (Snellen ratio) at a distance of 305 mm and any label
affixed to the container in compliance with this section shall not be
removable without it being destroyed or defaced.
* * * * *
(d) Designation of the contents as ``HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MINERAL OIL''
in capital letters at least 3 mm high.
(e) * * *
* * * * *
(4) CAUTION: STORE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MINERAL OIL ONLY IN ITS
ORIGINAL CONTAINER. KEEP CONTAINER CLEAN AND TIGHTLY CLOSED. DO NOT
REFILL CONTAINER OR USE OTHER LIQUIDS. (The last sentence is not
required for containers with a capacity in excess of 19 L.)
* * * * *
S6.3 Kinematic viscosity. Determine the kinematic viscosity of a
brake fluid in mm\2\/s by the following procedure. Run duplicate
samples at each of the specified temperatures, making two timed runs on
each sample.
* * * * *
S6.6.6 Calculation. (a) Measure the area of each type of test
strip to the nearest square centimeter. Divide the average change in
mass for each type by the area of that type.
* * * * *
S6.8.3 Procedure. Obtain the tare weight of each of the four
covered petri dishes to the nearest 0.01 gram. Place 251
ml. of brake fluid in each dish, replace proper covers and reweigh.
Determine the weight of each brake fluid test specimen by the
difference. Place the four dishes, each inside its inverted cover, in
the oven at 100 deg.2 deg. C. (212 deg.3.6 deg.
F.) for 462 hours. (Note: Do not simultaneously heat more
than one fluid in the same oven.) Remove the dishes from the oven,
allow to cool to 23 deg.5 deg. C.
(73.4 deg.9 deg. F.), and weigh. Return to the oven for an
additional 242 hours. If at the end of 724
hours the average loss by evaporation is less than 60 percent,
discontinue the evaporation procedure and proceed with examination of
the residue. Otherwise, continue this procedure either until
equilibrium is reached as evidenced by an incremental mass loss of less
than 0.25 gram in 24 hours on all individual dishes or for a maximum of
7 days. During the heating and weighing operation, if it is necessary
to remove the dishes from the oven for a period of longer than 1 hour,
the dishes shall be stored in a desiccator as soon as cooled to room
temperature. Calculate the percentage of fluid evaporated from each
dish. Examine the residue in the dishes at the end of 1 hour at
23 deg.5 deg. C. (73.4 deg.9 deg. F.). Rub any
sediment with the fingertip to determine grittiness or abrasiveness.
Combine the residues from all four dishes in a 118 mL (4-ounce) oil-
sample bottle and store vertically in a cold chamber at minus
5 deg.1 deg. C. (23 deg.5 deg. F.) for
6010 minutes. Quickly remove the bottle and place in the
horizontal position. The residue must flow at least 5 mm (0.2 inch)
along the tube within 5 seconds.
* * * * *
S6.10.3 Procedure--(a) At low temperature. Mix 500.5
mL of brake fluid with 500.5 mL of SAE RM-66-03
Compatibility Fluid. Pour this mixture into a centrifuge tube and
stopper with a clean dry cork. Place tube in the cold chamber
maintained at minus 40 deg.2 deg. C. (minus
40 deg.3.6 deg. F). After 242 hours, remove
tube, quickly wipe with a clean lint-free cloth saturated with ethanol
(isopropanol when testing DOT 5 fluids) or acetone. Examine the test
specimen for evidence of slugging, sedimentation, or crystallization.
Test fluids, except DOT 5 SBBF, shall be examined for stratification.
* * * * *
S6.11.1 Summary of procedure. Brake fluids, except DOT 5 SBBF, are
activated with a mixture of approximately 0.2 percent benzoyl peroxide
and 5 percent water. DOT 5 SBBF is humidified in accordance with S6.2
eliminating determination of the ERBP, and then approximately 0.2
percent benzoyl peroxide is added. A corrosion test strip assembly
consisting of cast iron and an aluminum strip separated by tinfoil
squares at each end is then rested on a piece of SBR WC cup positioned
so that the test strip is half immersed in the fluid and oven aged at
70 deg. C. (158 deg. F.) for 168 hours. At the end of this period, the
metal strips are examined for pitting, etching, and loss of mass.
* * * * *
S6.11.6 Calculation. Determine corrosion loss by dividing the
change in mass of each metal strip by the total surface area of each
strip measured in square millimeters (mm\2\), to the nearest
[[Page 19269]]
square millimeter (mm\2\). Average the results for the two strips of
each type of metal, rounding to the nearest 0.05 mg. per 100 square
millimeter (mm\2\). If only one of the duplicates fails for any reason,
run a second set of duplicate samples. Both repeat samples shall meet
all requirements of S5.1.11.
* * * * *
S6.13.2 Apparatus and equipment.
* * * * *
(b) Braking pressure actuation mechanism. An actuating mechanism
for applying a force to the master cylinder pushrod without side
thrust. The amount of force applied by the actuating mechanism shall be
adjustable and capable of applying sufficient thrust to the master
cylinder to create a pressure of at least 6895 kPa (1,000 p.s.i.) in
the simulated brake system. A hydraulic gage or pressure recorder,
having a range of at least 0 to 6895 kPa (0 to 1,000 p.s.i), shall be
installed between the master cylinder and the brake assemblies and
shall be provided with a shutoff valve and with a bleeding valve for
removing air from the connecting tubing. The actuating mechanism shall
be designed to permit adjustable stroking rates of approximately 1,000
strokes per hour. Use a mechanical or electrical counter to record the
total number of strokes.
* * * * *
S6.13.3 Materials.
* * * * *
(b) Steel tubing. Double wall steel tubing meeting SAE
specification J527. A complete replacement of tubing is essential when
visual inspection indicates any corrosion or deposits on inner surface
of tubing. Tubing from master cylinder to one wheel cylinder shall be
replaced for each test (minimum length .9 m.) Uniformity in tubing size
is required between master cylinder and wheel cylinder. The standard
master cylinder has two outlets for tubing, both of which must be used.
* * * * *
S6.13.4 Preparation of test apparatus.
* * * * *
(c) Assembly and adjustment of test apparatus. (1) When using a
shoe and drum type apparatus, adjust the brake shoe toe clearances to
1.00.1 mm (0.0400.004 inch). Fill the system
with brake fluid, bleeding all wheel cylinders and the pressure gage to
remove entrapped air. Operate the actuator manually to apply a pressure
greater than the required operating pressure and inspect the system for
leaks. Adjust the actuator and/or pressure relief valve to obtain a
pressure of 6895 kPa3.5 kPa (1,00050 p.s.i.). A
smooth pressure stroke pattern is required when using a shoe and drum
type apparatus. The pressure is relatively low during the first part of
the stroke and then builds up smoothly to the maximum stroking pressure
at the end of the stroke, to permit the primary cup to pass the
compensating hole at a relatively low pressure. Using stroking
fixtures, adjust the actuator and/or pressure relief valve to obtain a
pressure of 6895 kPa345 kPa (1,00050 p.s.i.).
* * * * *
S7.4.2 Procedure. Make hardness measurements at
23 deg.5 deg. C. (73.4 deg.3.6 deg.F.).
Equilibrate the tester and anvils at this temperature prior to use.
Center brake cups lip side down on an anvil of appropriate hardness.
Following the manufacturer's operating instructions for the hardness
tester, make one measurement at each of four points 6 mm from the
center of the cup and spaced 90 deg. apart. Average the four values,
and round off to the nearest IRHD.
* * * * *
S7.5.1 Apparatus.
* * * * *
(b) Centrifuge. A centrifuge capable of whirling two or more filled
centrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled to give a relative
centrifugal force (r.c.f.) between 600 and 700 at the tip of the tubes.
The revolving head, trunnion rings, and trunnion cups, including the
rubber cushion, shall withstand the maximum centrifugal force capable
of being delivered by the power source. The trunnion cups and cushions
shall firmly support the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion.
Calculate the speed of the rotating head using this equation:
r.p.m. = 265[25.4 x r.c.f./d]
Where: r.c.f. = Relative centrifugal force, and d = Diameter of swing,
in millimeters, measured between tips of opposing tubes when in
rotating position.
Table VI shows the relationship between diameter, swing, relative
centrifugal force (r.c.f.), and revolutions per minute.
Table VI.--Rotation Speeds for Centrifuges of Various Diameters
------------------------------------------------------------------------
r.p.m. r.p.m.
Diameter of swing in millimeters a at 600 at 700
r.c.f r.c.f.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
483................................................... 1490 1610
508................................................... 1450 1570
533................................................... 1420 1530
559................................................... 1390 1500
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Measured in millimeters between tips of opposite tubes when in
rotating position.
* * * * *
11. Section 571.117 would be amended by revising in S6.3.1, the
introductory text, and revising in S6.3.2, the introductory text, to
read as follows:
Sec. 571.117 Standard No. 117; Retreaded pneumatic tires.
* * * * *
S6.3 Labeling.
S6.3.1 Each retreaded pneumatic tire manufactured on or after June
1, 1973, shall be labeled, in at least one location on the tire
sidewall in letters and numerals not less than 2 mm (0.078 inch) high,
with the following information:
* * * * *
S6.3.2 Each retreaded tire manufactured on or after May 12, 1975,
shall bear permanent labeling (through molding, branding, or other
method that will produce a permanent label, or through the retention of
the original casing labeling) in at least one location on the tire
sidewall, in letters and numbers not less than 2 mm (0.078 inch) high,
consisting of the following information:
* * * * *
12. In Sec. 571.117, Table I--``Plies'' after paragraph (c) of
S6.3.2 would be revised to read as follows:
[[Page 19270]]
Table I.--Plies
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 ply-4 ply (4 ply rating) 4 ply (6 ply rating) 4 ply (8 ply rating)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum load Maximum Maximum load Maximum Maximum load Maximum
------------------ inflation ------------------ Inflation ------------------ inflation
Tire size pressure pressure pressure
lb kg ------------------ lb kg ------------------ lb kg -----------------
psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.00-13..................................... 1010 458 32 220 1080 499 36 248 1140 517 40 276
6.50-13..................................... 1150 552 32 220 1230 558 36 248 1300 590 40 276
7.00-13..................................... 1270 576 32 220 1360 617 36 248 1440 653 40 276
6.45-14..................................... 1120 508 32 220 1200 544 36 248 1270 576 40 276
6.95-14..................................... 1230 558 32 220 1310 594 36 248 1390 630 40 276
7.35-14..................................... 1360 617 32 220 1450 658 36 248 1540 698 40 276
7.75-14..................................... 1500 680 32 220 1600 726 36 248 1690 767 40 276
8.25-14..................................... 1620 735 32 220 1730 785 36 248 1830 830 40 276
8.55-14..................................... 1770 803 32 220 1890 857 36 248 2000 907 40 276
8.85-14..................................... 1860 844 32 220 1990 903 36 248 2100 953 40 276
5.60-15..................................... 0970 440 32 220 1040 472 36 248 1105 501 40 276
5.90-15..................................... 1050 476 32 220 1130 513 36 248 1200 544 40 276
6.85-15..................................... 1230 558 32 220 1320 599 36 248 1390 630 40 276
7.35-15..................................... 1390 630 32 220 1480 671 36 248 1570 712 40 276
7.75-15..................................... 1490 676 32 220 1590 721 36 248 1690 767 40 276
8.15-15..................................... 1610 730 32 220 1720 780 36 248 1820 826 40 276
8.25-15..................................... 1620 735 32 220 1730 785 36 248 1830 830 40 276
8.45-15..................................... 1740 789 32 220 1860 844 36 248 1970 894 40 276
8.55-15..................................... 1770 803 32 220 1890 857 36 248 2000 907 40 276
8.85-15..................................... 1860 844 32 220 1980 898 36 248 2100 953 40 276
9.00-15..................................... 1900 862 32 220 2030 721 36 248 2150 975 40 276
9.15-15..................................... 1970 894 32 220 2100 953 36 248 2230 1012 40 276
8.90-15..................................... 2210 1002 32 220 2360 1070 36 248 2500 1134 40 276
A70-13...................................... 1060 481 32 220 1130 513 36 248 1200 544 40 276
D70-13...................................... 1320 599 32 220 1410 640 36 248 1490 676 40 276
D70-14...................................... 1320 599 32 220 1410 640 36 248 1490 676 40 276
E70-14...................................... 1400 635 32 220 1490 676 36 248 1580 717 40 276
F70-14...................................... 1500 680 32 220 1610 730 36 248 1700 771 40 276
G70-14...................................... 1620 735 32 220 1730 785 36 248 1830 830 40 276
H70-14...................................... 177 803 32 220 1890 857 36 248 2010 912 40 276
J70-14...................................... 1860 844 32 220 1980 898 36 248 2100 953 40 276
L70-14...................................... 1970 894 32 220 2180 989 36 248 2230 1012 40 276
C70-15...................................... 1230 558 32 220 1320 599 36 248 1390 630 40 276
D70-15...................................... 1320 599 32 220 1410 640 36 248 1490 676 40 276
E70-15...................................... 1400 635 32 220 1490 676 36 248 1580 717 40 276
F70-15...................................... 1500 680 32 220 1610 730 36 248 1700 771 40 276
G70-15...................................... 1620 735 32 220 1730 785 36 248 1830 830 40 276
H70-15...................................... 1770 803 32 220 1890 857 36 248 2010 912 40 276
J70-15...................................... 1860 844 32 220 1980 898 36 248 2100 953 40 276
K70-15...................................... 1900 862 32 220 2030 721 36 248 2150 975 40 276
L70-15...................................... 1970 894 32 220 2100 953 36 248 2230 1012 40 276
165-13...................................... 1050 476 32 220 1130 513 36 248 1200 544 40 276
175-13...................................... 1150 552 32 220 1240 562 36 248 1350 612 40 276
185-13...................................... 1270 576 32 220 1390 630 36 248 1510 685 40 276
155R13...................................... 950 431 32 220 1015 460 36 248 1075 488 40 276
155R14...................................... 1010 458 32 220 1080 499 36 248 1140 517 40 276
155R14...................................... 1015 460 32 220 1085 492 36 248 1150 552 40 276
165R13...................................... 1010 458 32 220 1080 499 36 248 1140 517 40 276
165R14...................................... 1120 508 32 220 1200 544 36 248 1370 621 40 276
165R15...................................... 1130 513 32 220 1200 544 36 248 1270 576 40 276
175R14...................................... 1230 558 32 220 1310 594 36 248 1390 630 40 276
185R14...................................... 1360 617 32 220 1450 658 36 248 1540 698 40 2761
185/70R13................................... 1090 494 32 220 1140 517 36 248 1190 540 40 276
145-14 \1\.................................. 865 392 32 220 905 411 36 248 935 424 40 276
145-15...................................... 895 406 32 220 940 426 36 248 975 442 40 276
195-15...................................... 1550 703 32 220 1680 762 36 248 1820 826 40 276
205-15...................................... 1770 803 32 220 1840 835 36 248 2000 907 40 276
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Dash Radial--Not an ``R'' Radial.
13. Section 571.119 would be amended by revising S6.3; revising
S6.4; revising in S6.5, the introductory paragraph and paragraphs (d)
and (e); revising S7.1.2; revising in S7.2, paragraph (c); revising in
S7.3, paragraphs (c), (e), and (f); and revising in S7.4, paragraph (c)
to read as follows:
Sec. 571.119 Standard No. 119; New pneumatic tires for vehicles other
than passenger cars.
* * * * *
S6.3 High speed performance. When tested in accordance with the
[[Page 19271]]
procedures of S7.3, a tire shall meet the requirements set forth in
S6.1.1 and S6.1.2 (a) and (b). However, this requirement applies only
to motorcycle tires and to non-speed-restricted tires of 368 mm (14.5
inches) nominal rim diameter or less marked load range A, B, C, or D.
S6.4 Treadwear indicators. Except as specified in this paragraph,
each tire shall have at least six treadwear indicators spaced
approximately equally around the circumference of the tire that enable
a person inspecting the tire to determine visually whether the tire has
worn to a tread depth of 2 mm (one-sixteenth of an inch). Tires with
305 mm (12-inch) or smaller rim diameter shall have at least three such
treadwear indicators. Motorcycle tires shall have at least three such
indicators which permit visual determination that the tire has worn to
a tread depth of 1 mm (one-thirty-second of an inch).
S6.5 Tire markings. Except as specified in this paragraph, each
tire shall be marked on each sidewall with the information specified in
paragraphs (a) through (j) of this section. The markings shall be
placed between the maximum section width (exclusive of sidewall
decorations or curb ribs) and the bead on at least one sidewall, unless
the maximum section width of the tire is located in an area which is
not more than one-fourth of the distance from the bead to the shoulder
of the tire. If the maximum section width falls within that area, the
markings shall appear between the bead and a point one-half the
distance from the bead to the shoulder of the tire, on at least one
sidewall. The markings shall be in letters and numerals not less than 2
mm (0.078 inch) high and raised above or sunk below the tire surface
not less that 0.4 mm (0.015 inch), except that the marking depth shall
be not less than 0.25 mm (0.010 inch) in the case of motorcycle tires.
The tire identification and the DOT symbol labeling shall comply with
part 574 of this chapter. Markings may appear on only one sidewall and
the entire sidewall area may be used in the case of motorcycle tires
and recreational, boat, baggage, and special trailer tires.
* * * * *
(d) The maximum load rating and corresponding inflation pressure of
the tire, shown as follows:
(Mark on tires rated for single and dual load):
Max load single __________ kg (__________ lbs) at __________kPa
(__________ psi) cold.
Max load dual __________kg (__________ lbs) at __________kPa
(__________ psi) cold.
(Mark on tires rated only for single load):
Max load __________kg (__________ lbs) at __________kPa
(__________ psi) cold.
(e) The speed restriction of the tire, if 88 km/h (55 mph) or less,
shown as follows:
Max speed __________km/h (__________ mph).
* * * * *
S7.1.2 The tire must be capable of meeting the requirements of
S7.2 and S7.4 when conditioned to a temperature of 35 deg.C (95
deg.F) for 3 hours before the test is conducted, and with an ambient
temperature maintained at 35 deg.C (95 deg.F) during all phases of
testing. The tire must be capable of meeting the requirements of S7.3
when conditioned at a temperature of 21 deg.C (70 deg.F) for 3 hours
before the test is conducted.
S7.2 Endurance.
* * * * *
(c) Mount the tire-rim assembly on an axle and press it against a
flat-faced steel test wheel that is 1708 mm (67.23 inches) in diameter
and at least as wide as the tread of the tire.
* * * * *
S7.3 Strength.
* * * * *
(c) Force a cylindrical steel plunger, with a hemispherical end and
of the diameter specified in Table I for the tire size, perpendicularly
into a raised tread element as near as possible to the centerline of
the tread, at a rate of 51 mm (2 inches) per minute, until the tire
breaks or the plunger is stopped by the rim.
* * * * *
(e) Repeat the plunger application at 72 deg. intervals around the
circumference of the tire, until five measurements are made. However,
in the case of tires of 305 mm (12-inch) rim diameter or less, repeat
the plunger application at 120 deg. intervals around the circumference
of the tire, until three measurements are made.
(f) Compute the breaking energy for each test point by one of the
two following formulas:
(1) W=(FP/2) x 10 \3\ (Joules) (J)
Where:
W=Breaking energy (in kiloJoules) (kJ)
F=Force in newtons (N) and
P=Penetration in millimeters (mm), or;
(2) W=(FP/2)
Where:
W=Breaking energy in inch-pounds,
F=Force in pounds,
P=Penetration in inches.
* * * * *
S7.4 High speed performance.
* * * * *
(c) Remove the load, allow the tire to cool to 35 deg.C (95
deg.F), and then adjust the pressure to that marked on the tire for
single tire use.
* * * * *
14. In Sec. 571.119, Table I--``Strength Test Plunger Diameter'',
Table II--``Minimum Static Breaking Energy (Inch-Pounds)'', and Table
III--``Endurance Test Schedule'' that follow paragraph (e) of S7.4
would be revised to read as follows:
Table I.--Strength Test Plunger Diameter
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plunger diameter
-------------------
(mm) (inches)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tire type:
Light truck..................................... 19 \3/4\
Motorcycle...................................... 8 \5/16\
Tires for 305 mm (12-inch) or smaller rims
except motorcycle.............................. 19 \3/4\
Tires other than the above types:
Tubeless:
445 mm (17.5 inches) or smaller rims............ 19 \3/4\
Larger than 445 mm (17.5 inches) rims:
Load range F or less............................ 32 1\1/4\
Load range over F............................... 38 1\1/2\
Tube type:
Load range F or less............................ 32 1\1/4\
Load range over F............................... 38 1\1/2\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 19272]]
Table II.--Minimum Static Breaking Energy (Joules (J)* and Inch-Pounds (inch-lbs))
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load Range All 305 mm (12 Light truck 445 Tube type Tubeless Tube type Tubeless
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- inch) or smaller mm (17.5 inch) -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Tire Characteristic Motorcycle rim size or smaller rim 32mm 1\1/4\'' 38mm 1\1/2\''
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tubeless -----------------------------------------------------------------------
8mm \5/16\'' 19mm \3/4\'' ------------------
------------------------------------ 19mm \3/4\''
Plunger Diameter (mm and inches) ------------------ J inch- J inch- J inch- J inch-
J inch- J inch- inch- lbs lbs lbs lbs
lbs lbs J lbs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A................................................................. 16 150 67 600 225 2,000 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .......
B................................................................. 33 300 135 1,200 293 2,600 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .......
C................................................................. 45 400 203 1,800 361 3,200 768 6,800 576 5,100 ....... ....... ....... .......
D................................................................. ....... ....... 271 2,400 514 4,550 892 7,900 734 6,500 ....... ....... ....... .......
E................................................................. ....... ....... 338 3,000 576 5,100 1,412 12,500 971 8,600 ....... ....... ....... .......
F................................................................. ....... ....... 406 3,600 644 5,700 1,785 15,800 1,412 12,500 ....... ....... ....... .......
G................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... 711 6,300 ....... ....... ....... ....... 2,282 20,200 1,694 15,000
H................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... 768 6,800 ....... ....... ....... ....... 2,598 23,000 2,090 18,500
J................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 2,824 25,000 2,203 19,500
L................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3,050 27,000 ....... .......
M................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3,220 28,500 ....... .......
N................................................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3,389 30,000 ....... .......
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: for rayon cord tires, applicable energy values are 60 percent of those in table.
*kJ measurements are rounded down to the nearest whole number.
Table III.--Endurance Test Schedule
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test load: Percent of maximum load
rating Total best
Description Load range Test wheel --------------------------------------- revolutions
speed (r/m) III-24 (thousands)
I-7 hours II-16 hours hours
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed restricted service:
88 km/h (55 mph)............................. ........................................ ........... ........... ........... ........... ...........
80 km/h (50 mph)......................... All 125 66 84 101 352.0
C,D 150 75 97 114 432.0
56 km/h (35 mph)......................... E, F, G, H, J, L 100 66 84 101 282.5
Motorcycle................................. All 75 66 84 101 211.0
All other.................................. All 250 \1\ 100 \2\ 108 117 510.0
A,B,C,D 250 \1\ 75 \2\ 97 114 ...........
E 200 70 88 106 546.0
F 200 66 84 101 564.0
G 175 66 84 101 493.5
H,J,L,N 150 66 84 101 423.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 4 hr., for tire sizes subject to high speed requirements (S6.3).
\2\ 6 hr., for tire sizes subject to high speed requirements (S6.3).
15. Section 571.123 would be amended by revising S5.2.3 to read as
follows:
Sec. 571.123 Standard No. 123, Motorcycle controls and displays.
* * * * *
S5.2.3 Control and display identification. If an item of equipment
in Table 3, Column 1, is provided, the item and its operational
function shall be identified by:
(a) A symbol substantially in the form shown in Column 3; or
(b) Wording shown in both Column 2 and Column 4; or
(c) A symbol substantially in the form shown in Column 3 and
wording shown in both Column 2 and Column 4.
(d) The abbreviations ``M.P.H.'',
``km/h'', ``r/min'', ``Hi'', ``Lo'', ``L'', ``R'', and ``Res''
appearing in Column 2 and Column 4 may be spelled in full. Symbols and
words may be provided for equipment items where none are shown in
Column 2, Column 3, and Column 4. Any identification provided shall be
placed on or adjacent to the control or display position, and shall
appear upright to the operator.
* * * * *
16. In Sec. 571.123, Table 3 ``Motorcycle Control and Display
Identification Requirements'' that follows S5.2.5 and Tables 1 and 2
would be revised to read as follows:
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P
[[Page 19273]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.005
BILLING CODE 4910-59-C
[[Page 19274]]
17. Section 571.201 would be amended by revising S2; revising S3.1;
revising S3.1.1; revising S3.1.2; revising in S3.2, the introductory
sentence; revising in S3.2.2, paragraph (c); revising S3.3.1; revising
S3.4.2; revising S3.5.1; and revising in S5, paragraph (b) to read as
follows:
Sec. 571.201 Standard No. 201, Occupant protection in interior
impacts.
S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars, and to
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses with a gross vehicle
weight rating of 4,536 kilograms or less. * * * * *
S3.1 Instrument panels. Except as provided in S3.1.1, when that
area of the instrument panel that is within the head impact area is
impacted in accordance with S3.1.2 by a 7 kg, 165 mm diameter head form
at--
(a) A relative velocity of 24 km/h for all vehicles except those
specified in paragraph (b) of this section,
(b) A relative velocity of 19 km/h for vehicles that meet the
occupant crash protection requirements of S5.1 of 49 CFR 571.208 by
means of inflatable restraint systems and meet the requirements of
S4.1.2.1(c)(2) of 49 CFR 571.208 by means of a Type 2 seat belt
assembly at the right front designated seating position, the
deceleration of the head form shall not exceed 784 m/s\2\ continuously
for more than 3 milliseconds.
S3.1.1 The requirements do not apply to:
(a) Console assemblies;
(b) Areas less than 127 mm inboard from the juncture of the
instrument panel attachment to the body side inner structure;
(c) Areas closer to the windshield juncture than those statically
contactable by the head form with the windshield in place;
(d) Areas outboard of any point of tangency on the instrument panel
of a 165 mm diameter head form tangent to and inboard of a vertical
longitudinal plane tangent to the inboard edge of the steering wheel;
or
(e) Areas below any point at which a vertical line is tangent to
the rearmost surface of the panel.
S3.1.2 Demonstration procedures. Tests shall be performed as
described in Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J921,
``Instrument Panel Laboratory Impact Test Procedure,'' June 1965, using
the specified instrumentation or instrumentation that meets the
performance requirements specified in Society of Automotive Engineers
Recommended Practice J977, ``Instrumentation for Laboratory Impact
Tests,'' November 1966, except that:
(a) The origin of the line tangent to the instrument panel surface
shall be a point on a transverse horizontal line through a point 127 mm
horizontally forward of the seating reference point of the front
outboard passenger designated seating position, displaced vertically an
amount equal to the rise which results from 127 mm forward adjustment
of the seat or 19 mm; and
(b) Direction of the impact shall be either:
(1) In a vertical plane parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis;
or
(2) In a plane normal to the surface at the point of contact.
S3.2 Seat Backs. Except as provided in S3.2.1, when that area of
the seat back that is within the head impact area is impacted in
accordance with S3.2.2 by a 7 kg, 165 mm diameter head form at a
relative velocity of 24 km/h the deceleration of the head form shall
not exceed 784 m/s2 continuously for more than 3 milliseconds.
* * * * *
S3.2.2 Demonstration procedures.
* * * * *
(c) For seats without head restraints installed, tests shall be
performed for each individual split or bucket seat back at points
within 102 mm left and right of its centerline, and for each bench seat
back between points 102 mm outboard of the centerline of each outboard
designated seating position;
* * * * *
S3.3.1 Demonstration procedures. (a) Subject the interior
compartment door latch system to an inertia load of 98 m/s2 in a
horizontal transverse direction and an inertia load of 98 m/s2 in
a vertical direction in accordance with the procedure described in
section 5 of SAE Recommended Practice J839b, ``Passenger Car Side Door
Latch Systems,'' May 1965, or an approved equivalent.
(b) Impact the vehicle perpendicularly into a fixed collision
barrier at a forward longitudinal velocity of 48 km/h.
(c) Subject the interior compartment door latch system to a
horizontal inertia load of 294 m/s2 in a longitudinal direction in
accordance with the procedure described in section 5 of SAE Recommended
Practice J839b, ``Passenger Car Side Door Latch Systems,'' May 1965, or
an approved equivalent.
* * * * *
S3.4.2 Each sun visor mounting shall present no rigid material
edge radius of less than 3 mm that is statically contactable by a
spherical 165 mm diameter head form.
S3.5 Armrests.
S3.5.1 General. Each installed arm rest shall conform to at least
one of the following:
(a) It shall be constructed with energy-absorbing material and
shall deflect or collapse laterally at least 51 mm without permitting
contact with any underlying rigid material.
(b) It shall be constructed with energy-absorbing material that
deflects or collapses to within 32 mm of a rigid test panel surface
without permitting contact with any rigid material. Any rigid material
between 13 mm and 32 mm from the panel surface shall have a minimum
vertical height of not less than 25 mm.
(c) Along not less than 51 continuous mm of its length, the arm
rest shall, when measured vertically in side elevation, provide at
least 51 mm of coverage within the pelvic impact area.
* * * * *
S5. Performance Criterion.
* * * * *
(b) The free motion head form HIC is calculated in accordance with
the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.014
Where the term a is the resultant acceleration expressed as a multiple
of 9.8 m/s2 (acceleration of gravity), and t1 and t2 are
any two points in time during the impact which are separated by not
more than a 36 millisecond time interval.
* * * * *
18. Section 571.202 would be amended by revising S2; revising S4.2;
revising S4.3; revising in S5.1, paragraph (c), and revising S5.2 to
read as follows:
Sec. 571.202 Standard No. 202; Head restraints.
* * * * *
S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars, and to
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses with a GVWR of 4,536
kg or less.
* * * * *
S4. Requirements.
* * * * *
S4.2 Each truck, multipurpose passenger vehicle and bus with a
GVWR of 4,536 kg or less, shall comply with S4.3.
S4.3 Performance levels. Except for school buses, a head restraint
that conforms to either (a) or (b) shall be
[[Page 19275]]
provided at each outboard front designated seating position. For school
buses, a head restraint that conforms to either (a) or (b) shall be
provided for the driver's seating position.
(a) It shall, when tested in accordance with S5.1, during a forward
acceleration of at least 78 m/s2 on the seat supporting structure,
limit rearward angular displacement of the head reference line to
45 deg. from the torso reference line; or
(b) It shall, when adjusted to its fully extended design position,
conform to each of the following--
(1) When measured parallel to torso line, the top of the head
restraint shall not be less than 700 mm above the seating reference
point;
(2) When measured either 64 mm below the top of the head restraint
or 635 mm above the seating reference point, the lateral width of the
head restraint shall be not less than--
(i) 254 mm for use with bench-type seats; and
(ii) 171 mm for use with individual seats.
(3) When tested in accordance with S5.2, the rearmost portion of
the head form shall not be displaced to more than 102 mm
perpendicularly rearward of the displaced extended torso reference line
during the application of the load specified in S5.2(c); and
(4) When tested in accordance with S5.2, the head restraint shall
withstand an increasing load until one of the following occurs:
(i) Failure of the seat or seat back; or
(ii) Application of a load of 890 N.
S5. Demonstration procedures.
S5.1 * * *
* * * * *
(c) During forward acceleration applied to the structure supporting
the seat as described in this paragraph, measure the maximum rearward
angular displacement between the dummy torso reference line and head
reference line. When graphically depicted, the magnitude of the
acceleration curve shall not be less than that of a half-sine wave
having the amplitude of 78 m/s2 and a duration of 80 milliseconds
and not more than that of a half-sine wave curve having an amplitude of
94 m/s2 and a duration of 96 milliseconds.
S5.2 Compliance with S4.3(b) shall be demonstrated in accordance
with the following with the head restraint in its fully extended design
position:
(a) Place a test device, having the back plan dimensions and torso
line (centerline of the head room probe in full back position), of the
three dimensional SAE J826 manikin, at the manufacturer's recommended
design seated position.
(b) Establish the displaced torso reference line by applying a
rearward moment of 373 Nm moment about the seating reference point to
the seat back through the test device back pan located in (a).
(c) After removing the back pan, using a 165 mm diameter spherical
head form or cylindrical head form having a 165 mm diameter in plan
view and a 152 mm height in profile view, apply, perpendicular to the
displaced torso reference line, a rearward initial load 64 mm below the
top of the head restraint that will produce a 373 Nm moment about the
seating reference point.
(d) Gradually increase this initial load to 890 N or until the seat
or seat back fails, whichever occurs first.
19. Section 571.203 would be amended by revising S2; revising S4;
and revising S5.1 to read as follows:
Sec. 571.203 Standard No. 203; Impact protection for the driver from
the steering control system.
* * * * *
S2. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars and to
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses with a gross vehicle
weight rating of 4,536 kg or less. However, it does not apply to
vehicles that conform to the frontal barrier crash requirements (S5.1)
of Standard No. 208 (49 CFR 571.208) by means of other than seat belt
assemblies. It also does not apply to walk-in vans.
* * * * *
S4. Requirements. Each passenger car and each multipurpose
passenger vehicle, truck and bus with a gross vehicle weight rating of
4,536 kg or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1981 shall meet
the requirements of S5.1 and S5.2.
S5. Impact protection requirements.
S5.1 Except as provided in this paragraph, the steering control
system of any vehicle to which this standard applies shall be impacted
in accordance with S5.1(a). However, the steering control system of any
such vehicle manufactured on or before August 31, 1996, may be impacted
in accordance with S5.1(b).
(a) When the steering control system is impacted by a body block in
accordance with SAE Recommended Practice J944 JUN80 Steering Control
System--Passenger Car--Laboratory Test Procedure, at a relative
velocity of 24 km/h, the impact force developed on the chest of the
body block transmitted to the steering control system shall not exceed
11,120 N, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more
than 3 milliseconds.
(b) When the steering control system is impacted in accordance with
Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J944, ``Steering
Wheel Assembly Laboratory Test Procedure,'' December 1965, or an
approved equivalent, at a relative velocity of 24 km/h, the impact
force developed on the chest of the body block transmitted to the
steering control system shall not exceed 11,120 N, except for intervals
whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
* * * * *
20. Section 571.204 would be amended by revising S4.2 to read as
follows:
Sec. 571.204 Standard No. 204; Steering control rearward displacement.
* * * * *
S4. Requirements.
* * * * *
S4.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 1991. When a
passenger car or a truck, bus or multipurpose passenger vehicle with a
gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kg or less and an unloaded vehicle
weight of 2,495 kg or less is tested under the conditions of S5 in a 48
km/h perpendicular impact into a fixed collision barrier, the upper end
of the steering column and shaft in the vehicle shall not be displaced
more than 127 mm in a horizontal rearward direction parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The amount of displacement shall be
measured relative to an undisturbed point on the vehicle and shall
represent the maximum dynamic movement of the upper end of the steering
column and shaft during the crash test.
* * * * *
21. Section 571.207 would be amended by revising S5.1.2 to read as
follows:
Sec. 571.207 Standard No. 207, Seating systems.
* * * * *
S5.1.2 If the seat back and the seat bench are attached to the
vehicle by different attachments, attach to each component a fixture
capable of transmitting a force to that component. Apply forces, in
newtons, equal to 20 times the mass of the seat back in kilograms
multiplied by 9.8 m/s2 horizontally through the center of gravity
of the seat back, as shown in Figure 2 and apply forces, in newtons,
equal to 20 times the mass of the seat bench in kilograms multiplied by
9.8 m/s2 horizontally through the center of gravity of the seat
bench, as shown in Figure 3.
* * * * *
[[Page 19276]]
Sec. 571.209 [Amended]
22. Section 571.209 would be amended by revising in S4.1,
paragraphs (f) and (g)(3); revising in S4.2, paragraphs (a), (b) and
(c); revising in S4.3, paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), and
(j); revising S4.4; revising in S5.1, paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d),
(e), and (f); revising in S5.2, the first paragraph of paragraph (a)
and paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), and (k); and
revising in S5.3, paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) to read as follows:
Sec. 571.209 Standard No. 209, Seat belt assemblies.
* * * * *
S4. Requirements.
S4.1 * * *
(f) Attachment hardware. A seat belt assembly shall include all
hardware necessary for installation in a motor vehicle in accordance
with Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J800c,
``Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Installation,'' November 1973. However, seat
belt assemblies designed for installation in motor vehicles equipped
with seat belt assembly anchorages that do not require anchorage nuts,
plates, or washers, need not have such hardware, but shall have 7/16-20
UNF-2A or \1/2\-13UNC-2A attachment bolts or equivalent metric
hardware. The hardware shall be designed to prevent attachment bolts
and other parts from becoming disengaged from the vehicle while in
service. Reinforcing plates or washers furnished for universal floor,
installations shall be of steel, free from burrs and sharp edges on the
peripheral edges adjacent to the vehicle, at least 1.5 mm in thickness
and at least 2580 mm\2\ in projected area. The distance between any
edge of the plate and the edge of the bolt hole shall be at least 15
mm. Any corner shall be rounded to a radius of not less than 6 mm or
cut so that no corner angle is less than 135 deg. and no side is less
than 6 mm in length.
(g) * * *
(3) The adult occupants referred to in S4.1(g)(1) shall have the
following measurements:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5th percentile 95th percentile
adult female adult male
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight.......................... 46.3 kg 97.5 kg
Erect sitting height............ 784.9 mm 965.2 mm
Hip breadth (sitting)........... 325.1 mm 419.1 mm
Hip circumference (sitting)..... 924.6 mm 1198.9 mm
Waist circumference (sitting)... 599.4 mm 1079.5 mm
Chest depth..................... 190.5 mm 266.7 mm
Chest circumference:
Nipple........................ 774.7 mm 1130.3 mm
Upper......................... 756.9 mm 1130.3 mm
Lower......................... 675.6 mm 1130.3 mm
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
S4.2 Requirements for webbing.
(a) Width. The width of the webbing in a seat belt assembly shall
be not less than 46 mm, except for portions that do not touch a 95th
percentile adult male with the seat in any adjustment position and the
seat back in the manufacturer's nominal design riding position when
measured under the conditions prescribed in S5.1(a).
(b) Breaking strength. The webbing in a seat belt assembly shall
have not less than the following breaking strength when tested by the
procedures specified in S5.1(b): Type 1 seat belt assembly--26,689 N;
Type 2 seat belt assembly--22,241 N for webbing pelvic restraint and
17,793 N for webbing in upper torso restraint.
(c) Elongation. Except as provided in S4.5, the webbing in a seat
belt assembly shall not extend to more than the following elongation
when subjected to the specified forces in accordance with the procedure
specified in S5.1(c): Type 1 seat belt assembly--20 percent at 11,120
N; Type 2 seat belt assembly 30 percent at 11,120 N for webbing in
pelvic restraint and 40 percent at 11,120 N for webbing in upper torso
restraint.
* * * * *
S4.3 Requirements for hardware.
* * * * *
(c) Attachment hardware. (1) Eye bolts, shoulder bolts, or other
bolt used to secure the pelvic restraint of seat belt assembly to a
motor vehicle shall withstand a force of 40,034 N when tested by the
procedure specified in S5.2(c)(1), except that attachment bolts of a
seat belt assembly designed for installation in specific models of
motor vehicles in which the ends of two or more seat belt assemblies
cannot be attached to the vehicle by a single bolt shall have breaking
strength of not less than 22,241 N.
(2) Other attachment hardware designed to receive the ends of two
seat belt assemblies shall withstand a tensile force of at least 26,689
N without fracture of a section when tested by the procedure specified
in S5.2(c)(2).
(3) A seat belt assembly having single attachment hooks of the
quick-disconnect type for connecting webbing to an eye bolt shall be
provided with a retaining latch or keeper which shall not move more
than 2 mm in either the vertical or horizontal direction when tested by
the procedure specified in S5.2(c)(3).
(d) Buckle release. (1) The buckle of a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt
assembly shall release when a force of not more than 133 N is applied.
(2) A buckle designed for pushbutton application of buckle release
force shall have a minimum area of 452 mm \2\ with a minimum linear
dimension of 10 mm for applying the release force, or a buckle designed
for lever application of buckle release force shall permit the
insertion of a cylinder 10 mm in diameter and 38 mm in length to at
least the midpoint of the cylinder along the cylinder's entire length
in the actuation portion of the buckle release. A buckle having other
design for release shall have adequate access for two or more fingers
to actuate release.
(3) The buckle of a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly shall not
release under a compressive force of 1779 N applied as prescribed in
paragraph S5.2(d)(3). The buckle shall be operable and shall meet the
applicable requirement of paragraph S4.4 after the compressive force
has been removed.
(e) Adjustment force. The force required to decrease the size of a
seat belt assembly shall not exceed 49 N when measured by the procedure
specified in S5.2(e).
* * * * *
(g) Buckle latch. The buckle latch of a seat belt assembly when
tested by the procedure specified in S5.2(g) shall not fail, nor gall
or wear to an extent that normal latching and unlatching is impaired,
and a metal-to-metal buckle shall separate when in any position of
partial engagement by a force of not more than 22 N.
[[Page 19277]]
(h) Nonlocking retractor. The webbing of a seat belt assembly shall
extend from a nonlocking retractor within 6 mm of maximum length when a
tension is applied as prescribed in S5.2(h). A nonlocking retractor on
upper torso restraint shall be attached to the nonadjustable end of the
assembly, the reel of the retractor shall be easily visible to an
occupant while wearing the assembly, and the maximum retraction force
shall not exceed 5 N in any strap or webbing that contacts the shoulder
when measured by the procedure specified in S5.2(h), unless the
retractor is attached to the free end of webbing which is not subjected
to any tension during restraint of an occupant by the assembly.
(i) Automatic-locking retractor. The webbing of a seat belt
assembly equipped with an automatic locking retractor, when tested by
the procedure specified in S5.2(i), shall not move more than 25 mm
between locking positions of the retractor, and shall be retracted with
a force under zero acceleration of not less than 3 N when attached to
pelvic restraint, and not less that 2 N nor more than 5 N in any strap
or webbing that contacts the shoulders of an occupant when the
retractor is attached to upper torso restraint. An automatic locking
retractor attached to upper torso restraint shall not increase the
restraint on the occupant of the seat belt assembly during use in a
vehicle traveling over rough roads as prescribed in S5.2(i).
(j) Emergency-locking retractor. An emergency-locking retractor of
a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly, when tested in accordance with
the procedures specified in paragraph S5.2(j)--
(1) Shall lock before the webbing extends 25 mm when the retractor
is subjected to an acceleration of .7 m/s\2\;
(2) Shall not lock, if the retractor is sensitive to webbing
withdrawal, before the webbing extends 51 mm when the retractor is
subjected to an acceleration of 3 m/s\2\ or less;
(3) Shall not lock, if the retractor is sensitive to vehicle
acceleration, when the retractor is rotated in any direction to any
angle of 15 deg. or less from its orientation in the vehicle;
(4) Shall exert a retractive force of at least 3 N under zero
acceleration when attached only to the pelvic restraint;
(5) Shall exert a retractive force of not less than 1 N and not
more than 5 N under zero acceleration when attached only to an upper
torso restraint;
(6) Shall exert a retractive force of not less than 1 N and not
more than 7 N under zero acceleration when attached to a strap or
webbing that restrains both the upper torso and the pelvis.
* * * * *
S4.4 Requirements for assembly performance.
(a) Type I seat belt assembly. Except as provided in S4.5, the
complete seat belt assembly including webbing, straps, buckles,
adjustment and attachment hardware, and retractors shall comply with
the following requirements when tested by the procedures specified in
S5.3(a):
(1) The assembly loop shall withstand a force of not less than
22,241 N; that is, each structural component of the assembly shall
withstand a force of not less than 2,500 pounds or 1,1120 N.
(2) The assembly loop shall extend not more than 7 inches or 178 mm
when subjected to a force of 22,241 N; that is the length of the
assembly between anchorages shall not increase more than 356 mm.
(3) Any webbing cut by the hardware during test shall have a
breaking strength at the cut of not less than 18,683 N.
(4) Complete fracture through any solid section of metal attachment
hardware shall not occur during test.
(b) Type 2 seat belt assembly. Except as provided in S4.5, the
components of a Type 2 seat belt assembly including webbing, straps,
buckles, adjustment and attachment hardware, and retractors shall
comply with the following requirements when tested by the procedure
specified in S5.3(b):
(1) The structural components in the pelvic restraint shall
withstand a force of not less than 11,120 N.
(2) The structural components in the upper torso restraint shall
withstand a force of not less than 6,672 N.
(3) The structural components in the assembly that are common to
pelvic and upper torso restraints shall withstand a force of not less
than 13,345 N.
(4) The length of the pelvic restraint between anchorages shall not
increase more than 508 mm when subjected to a force of 11,120 N.
(5) The length of the upper torso restraint between anchorages
shall not increase more than 508 mm when subjected to a force of 6,672
N.
(6) Any webbing cut by the hardware during test shall have a
breaking strength of not less than 15,569 N at a cut in webbing of the
pelvic restraint, or not less than 12,455 N at a cut in webbing of the
upper torso restraint.
(7) Complete fracture through any solid section of metal attachment
hardware shall not occur during test.
* * * * *
S5 Demonstration procedures.
S5.1 Webbing--(a) Width. The width of webbing from three seat belt
assemblies shall be measured after conditioning for at least 24 hours
in an atmosphere having relative humidity between 48 and 67 percent and
a temperature of 23 deg.2 deg. C. The tension during
measurement of width shall be not more than 22 N on webbing from a Type
1 seat belt assembly, and 9786 N 450 N on webbing from a
Type 2 seat belt assembly. The width of webbing from a Type 2 seat belt
assembly may be measured during the breaking strength test described in
paragraph (b) of this section.
(b) Breaking strength. Webbing from three seat belt assemblies
shall be conditioned in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section
and tested for breaking strength in a testing machine of capacity
verified to have an error of not more than one percent in the range of
the breaking strength of the webbing in accordance with American
Society for Testing and Materials E4-79 ``Standard Methods of Load
Verification of Testing Machines.'' The machine shall be equipped with
split drum grips illustrated in Figure 1, having a diameter between 51
and 102 mm. The rate of grip separation shall be between 51 and 102 mm
per minute. The distance between the centers of the grips at the start
of the test shall be between 102 and 254 mm. After placing the specimen
in the grips, the webbing shall be stretched continuously at a uniform
rate to failure. Each value shall be not less than the applicable
breaking strength requirement in S4.2(b), but the median value shall be
used for determining the retention of breaking strength in paragraphs
(d), (e) and (f) of this section.
(c) Elongation. Elongation shall be measured during the breaking
strength test described in paragraph (b) of this section by the
following procedure: A preload between 196 N and 245 N shall be placed
on the webbing mounted in the grips of the testing machine and the
needle points of an extensometer, in which the points remain parallel
during test, are inserted in the center of the specimen. Initially the
points shall be set at a known distance apart between 102 and 203 mm.
When the force on the webbing reaches the value specified in S4.2(c),
the increase in separation of the points of the extensometer shall be
measured and the percent elongation shall be calculated to the nearest
0.5 percent. Each value shall be not more than the appropriate
elongation requirement in S4.2(c).
(d) Resistance to abrasion. The webbing from three seat belt
assemblies shall be tested for resistance to abrasion
[[Page 19278]]
by rubbing over the hexagon bar prescribed in Figure 2 in the following
manner: The webbing shall be mounted in the apparatus shown
schematically in Figure 2. One end of the webbing (A) shall be attached
to a mass (B) of 2.35 kg.05 kg, except that a mass of 1.5
kg.05 kg shall be used for webbing in pelvic and upper
torso restraints of a belt assembly used in a child restraint system.
The webbing shall be passed over the two new abrading edges of the
hexagon bar (C) and the other end attached to an oscillating drum (D)
which has a stroke of 330 mm. Suitable guides shall be used to prevent
movement of the webbing along the axis of hexagonal bar C. Drum D shall
be oscillated for 5,000 strokes or 2,500 cycles at a rate of
602 strokes per minute or 301 cycles per
minute. The abraded webbing shall be conditioned as prescribed in
paragraph (a) of this section and tested for breaking strength by the
procedure described in paragraph (b) of this section. The median values
for the breaking strengths determined on abraded and unabraded
specimens shall be used to calculate the percentage of breaking
strength retained.
(e) Resistance to light. Webbing at least 508 mm in length from
three seat belt assemblies shall be suspended vertically on the inside
of the specimen track in a Type E carbon-arc light exposure apparatus
described in Standard Practice for Generating Light-Exposure Apparatus
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of Nonmetallic
Materials, ASTM Designation: G23 81, published by the American Society
for Testing and Materials, except that the filter used for 100 percent
polyester yarns shall be chemically strengthened soda-lime glass with a
transmittance of less than 5 percent for wave lengths equal to or less
than 305 nanometers and 90 percent or greater transmittance for wave
lengths of 375 to 800 nanometers. The apparatus shall be operated
without water spray at an air temperature of 60 deg.2 deg.
Celsius ( deg.C) measured at a point 255 mm outside the
specimen rack and midway in height. The temperature sensing element
shall be shielded from radiation. The specimens shall be exposed to
light from the carbon-arc for 100 hours and then conditioned as
prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section. The colorfastness of the
exposed and conditioned specimens shall be determined on the Geometric
Gray Scale issued by the American Association of Textile Chemists and
Colorists. The breaking strength of the specimens shall be determined
by the procedure prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. The
median values for the breaking strengths determined on exposed and
unexposed specimens shall be used to calculate the percentage of
breaking strength retained.
(f) Resistance to micro-organisms. Webbing at least 508 millimeters
(mm) in length from three seat belt assemblies shall first be
preconditioned in accordance with Appendix A (1) and (2) of American
Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Test Method 381,
``Fungicides Evaluation on Textiles; Mildew and Rot Resistance of
Textiles,'' and then subjected to Test I, ``Soil Burial Test'' of that
test method. After soil-burial for a period of 2 weeks, the specimen
shall be washed in water, dried and conditioned as prescribed in
paragraph (a) of this section. The breaking strengths of the specimens
shall be determined by the procedure prescribed in paragraph (b) of
this section. The median values for the breaking strengths determined
on exposed and unexposed specimens shall be used to calculate the
percentage of breaking strength retained.
Note: This test shall not be required on webbing made from
material which is inherently resistant to micro-organisms.
* * * * *
S5.2 Hardware.
(a) Corrosion resistance. Three seat belt assemblies shall be
tested in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials
B11773, ``Standard Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing.'' Any surface
coating or material not intended for permanent retention on the metal
parts during service life shall be removed prior to preparation of the
test specimens for testing. The period of test shall be 50 hours for
all attachment hardware at or near the floor, consisting of two periods
of 24 hours exposure to salt spray followed by 1 hour drying and 25
hours for all other hardware, consisting of one period of 24 hours
exposure to salt spray followed by 1 hour drying. In the salt spray
test chamber, the parts from the three assemblies shall be oriented
differently, selecting those orientations most likely to develop
corrosion on the larger areas. At the end of test, the seat belt
assembly shall be washed thoroughly with water to remove the salt.
After drying for at least 24 hours under standard laboratory conditions
specified in S5.1(a) attachment hardware shall be examined for ferrous
corrosion on significant surfaces, that is, all surfaces that can be
contacted by a sphere 19 mm in diameter, and other hardware shall be
examined for ferrous and nonferrous corrosion which may be transferred,
either directly or by means of the webbing, to a person or his clothing
during use of a seat belt assembly incorporating the hardware.
* * * * *
(c) Attachment hardware. (1) Attachment bolts used to secure the
pelvic restraint of a seat belt assembly to a motor vehicle shall be
tested in a manner similar to that shown in Figure 3. The load shall be
applied at an angle of 45 deg. to the axis of the bolt through
attachment hardware from the seat belt assembly, or through a special
fixture which simulates the loading applied by the attachment hardware.
The attachment hardware or simulated fixture shall be fastened by the
bolt to the anchorage shown in Figure 3, which has a standard 7/16-
20UNF-2B or \1/2\-UNF-2B or metric equivalent threaded hole in a
hardened steel plate at least 10 mm in thickness. The bolt shall be
installed with two full threads exposed from the fully seated position.
The appropriate force required by S4.3(c) shall be applied. A bolt from
each of three seat belt assemblies shall be tested.
(2) Attachment hardware, other than bolts, designed to receive the
ends of two seat belt assemblies shall be subjected to a tensile force
of 26,689 N in a manner simulating use. The hardware shall be examined
for fracture after the force is released. Attachment hardware from
three seat belt assemblies shall be tested.
(3) Single attachment hook for connecting webbing to any eye bolt
shall be tested in the following manner: The hook shall be held rigidly
so that the retainer latch or keeper, with cotter pin or other locking
device in place, is in a horizontal position as shown in Figure 4. A
force of 667 N9 N shall be applied vertically as near as
possible to the free end of the retainer latch, and the movement of the
latch by this force at the point of application shall be measured. The
vertical force shall be released, and a force of 667 N9 N
shall be applied horizontally as near as possible to the free end of
the retainer latch. The movement of the latch by this force at the
point of load application shall be measured. Alternatively, the hook
may be held in other positions, provided the forces are applied and the
movements of the latch are measured at the points indicated in Figure
4. A single attachment hook from each of three seat belt assemblies
shall be tested.
(d) Buckle release. (1) Three seat belt assemblies shall be tested
to determine compliance with the maximum buckle release force
requirements, following the assembly test in S5.3. After
[[Page 19279]]
subjection to the force applicable for the assembly being tested, the
force shall be reduced and maintained at 667 N on the assembly loop of
a Type 1 seat belt assembly, 334 N the components of a Type 2 seat belt
assembly. The buckle release force shall be measured by applying a
force on the buckle in a manner and direction typical of those which
would be employed by a seat belt occupant. For push button-release
buckles, the force shall be applied at least 3 mm from the edge of the
push button access opening of the buckle in a direction that produces
maximum releasing effect. For lever-release buckles, the force shall be
applied on the centerline of the buckle lever or finger tab in a
direction that produces maximum releasing effect.
(2) The area for application of release force on pushbutton
actuated buckle shall be measured to the nearest 30 mm \2\. The
cylinder specified in S4.3(d) shall be inserted in the actuation
portion of a lever released buckle for determination of compliance with
the requirement. A buckle with other release actuation shall be
examined for access of release by fingers.
(3) The buckle of a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly shall be
subjected to a compressive force of 1779 N applied anywhere on a test
line that is coincident with the center line of the belt extended
through the buckle or on any line that extends over the center of the
release mechanism and intersects the extended centerline of the belt at
an angle of 60 deg.. The load shall be applied by using a curved
cylindrical bar having a cross section diameter of 19 mm and a radius
of curvature of 152 mm, placed with its longitudinal center line along
the test line and its center directly above the point or the buckle to
which the load will be applied. The buckle shall be latched, and a
tensile force of 334 N shall be applied to the connected webbing during
the application of the compressive force. Buckles from three seat belt
assemblies shall be tested to determine compliance with paragraph
S4.3(d)(3).
(e) Adjustment Force. Three seat belt assemblies shall be tested
for adjustment force on the webbing at the buckle, or other manual
adjusting device normally used to adjust the size of the assembly. With
no load on the anchor end, the webbing shall be drawn through the
adjusting device at a rate of 508 mm 5 mm per minute and
the maximum force shall be measured to the nearest 1 N after the first
25 mm of webbing movement. The webbing shall be precycled 10 times
prior to measurement.
(f) Tilt-lock adjustment. This test shall be made on buckles or
other manual adjusting devices having tilt-lock adjustment normally
used to adjust the size of the assembly. Three buckles or devices shall
be tested. The base of the adjustment mechanism and the anchor end of
the webbing shall be oriented in planes normal to each other. The
webbing shall be drawn through the adjustment mechanism in a direction
to increase belt length at a rate of 508 mm 50 mm per
minute while the plane of the base is slowly rotated in a direction to
lock the webbing. Rotation shall be stopped when the webbing locks, but
the pull on the webbing shall be continued until there is a resistance
of at least 89 N. The locking angle between the anchor end of the
webbing and the base of the adjustment mechanism shall be measured to
the nearest degree. The webbing shall be precycled 10 times prior to
measurement.
(g) Buckle latch. The buckles from three seat belt assemblies shall
be opened fully and closed at least 10 times. Then the buckles shall be
clamped or firmly held against a flat surface so as to permit normal
movement of buckle part, but with the metal mating plate (metal-to-
metal buckles) or of webbing end (metal-to-webbing buckles) withdrawn
from the buckle. The release mechanism shall be moved 200 times through
the maximum possible travel against its stop with a force of 133
N13 N at a rate not to exceed 30 cycles per minute. The
buckle shall be examined to determine compliance with the performance
requirements of S4.3(g). A metal-to-metal buckle shall be examined to
determine whether partial engagement is possible by means of any
technique representative of actual use. If partial engagement is
possible, the maximum force of separation when in such partial
engagement shall be determined.
(h) Nonlocking retractor. After the retractor is cycled 10 times by
full extension and retraction of the webbing, the retractor and webbing
shall be suspended vertically and a force of 18 N shall be applied to
extend the webbing from the retractor. The force shall be reduced to 13
N when attached to a pelvic restraint, or to 5 N per strap or webbing
that contacts the shoulder of an occupant when retractor is attached to
an upper torso restraint. The residual extension of the webbing shall
be measured by manual rotation of the retractor drum or by disengaging
the retraction mechanism. Measurements shall be made on three
retractors. The location of the retractor attached to upper torso
restraint shall be examined for visibility of reel during use of seat
belt assembly in a vehicle.
Note: This test shall not be required on a nonlocking retractor
attached to the free end of webbing which is not subjected to any
tension during restraint of an occupant by the assembly.
(i) Automatic-locking retractor. Three retractors shall be tested
in a manner to permit the retraction force to be determined exclusive
of the gravitational forces on hardware or webbing being retracted. The
webbing shall be fully extended from the retractor. While the webbing
is being retracted, the average force or retraction within plus or
minus 51 mm of 75 percent extension (25 percent retraction) shall be
determined and the webbing movement between adjacent locking segments
shall be measured in the same region of extension. A seat belt assembly
with automatic-locking retractor in upper torso restraint shall be
tested in a vehicle in a manner prescribed by the installation and
usage instructions. The retraction force on the occupant of the seat
belt assembly shall be determined before and after traveling for 10
minutes at a speed of 24 kilometers per hour (km/h) or more over a
rough road (e.g., Belgian block road) where the occupant is subjected
to displacement with respect to the vehicle in both horizontal and
vertical directions. Measurements shall be made with the vehicle
stopped and the occupant in the normal seated position.
(j) Emergency-locking retractor. A retractor shall be tested in a
manner that permits the retraction force to be determined exclusive of
the gravitational forces on hardware or webbing being retracted. The
webbing shall be fully extended from the retractor, passing over or
through any hardware or other material specified in the installation
instructions. While the webbing is being retracted, the lowest force of
retraction within plus or minus 51 mm of 75 percent extension shall be
determined. A retractor that is sensitive to webbing withdrawal shall
be subjected to an acceleration of 3m/s\2\ within a period of 50
milliseconds (ms) while the webbing is at 75 percent extension, to
determine compliance with S4.3(j)(2). The retractor shall be subjected
to an acceleration of 7 m/s\2\ within a period of 50 milliseconds (ms),
while the webbing is at 75 percent extension, and the webbing movement
before locking shall be measured under the following conditions: For a
retractor sensitive to webbing withdrawal, the retractor shall be
accelerated in the direction of webbing retraction while the retractor
drum's central axis is
[[Page 19280]]
oriented horizontally and at angles of 45 deg., 90 deg., 135 deg., and
180 deg. to the horizontal plane. For a retractor sensitive to vehicle
acceleration, the retractor shall be:
(1) Accelerated in the horizontal plane in two directions normal to
each other, while the retractor drum's central axis is oriented at the
angle at which it is installed in the vehicle; and,
(2) Accelerated in three directions normal to each other while the
retractor drum's central axis is oriented at angles of 45 deg.,
90 deg., 135 deg., and 180 deg. from the angle at which it is installed
in the vehicle, unless the retractor locks by gravitational force when
tilted in any direction to any angle greater than 45 deg. from the
angle at which it is installed in the vehicle.
(k) Performance of retractor. After completion of the corrosion-
resistance test described in paragraph (a) of this section, the webbing
shall be fully extended and allowed to dry for at least 24 hours under
standard laboratory conditions specified in S5.1(a). The retractor
shall be examined for ferrous and nonferrous corrosion which may be
transferred, either directly or by means of the webbing, to a person or
his clothing during use of a seat belt assembly incorporating the
retractor, and for ferrous corrosion on significant surfaces if the
retractor is part of the attachment hardware. The webbing shall be
withdrawn manually and allowed to retract for 25 cycles. The retractor
shall be mounted in an apparatus capable of extending the webbing
fully, applying a force of 89 N at full extension, and allowing the
webbing to retract freely and completely. The webbing shall be
withdrawn from the retractor and allowed to retract repeatedly in this
apparatus until 2,500 cycles are completed. The retractor and webbing
shall then be subjected to the temperature resistance test prescribed
in paragraph (b) of this section. The retractor shall be subjected to
2,500 additional cycles of webbing withdrawal and retraction. Then, the
retractor and webbing shall be subjected to dust in a chamber similar
to one illustrated in Figure 8 containing about 0.9 kg of coarse grade
dust conforming to the specification given in Society of Automotive
Engineering Recommended Practice J726, ``Air Cleaner Test Code'' Sept.
1979. The dust shall be agitated every 20 minutes for 5 seconds by
compressed air, free of oil and moisture, at a gage pressure of
55055 kPa entering through an orifice 1.50.1 mm
in diameter. The webbing shall be extended to the top of the chamber
and kept extended at all times except that the webbing shall be
subjected to 10 cycles of complete retraction and extension within 1 to
2 minutes after each agitation of the dust. At the end of 5 hours, the
assembly shall be removed from the chamber. The webbing shall be fully
withdrawn from the retractor manually and allowed to retract completely
for 25 cycles. An automatic-locking retractor or a nonlocking retractor
attached to pelvic restraint shall be subjected to 5,000 additional
cycles of webbing withdrawal and retraction. An emergency locking
retractor or a nonlocking retractor attached to upper torso restraint
shall be subjected to 45,000 additional cycles of webbing withdrawal
and retraction between 50 and 100 percent extension. The locking
mechanism of an emergency locking retractor shall be actuated at least
10,000 times within 50 to 100 percent extension of webbing during the
50,000 cycles. At the end of test, compliance of the retractors with
applicable requirements in S4.3 (h), (i), and (j) shall be determined.
Three retractors shall be tested for performance.
S5.3 Assembly performance--(a) Type 1 seatbelt assembly. Three
complete seat belt assemblies, including webbing, straps, buckles,
adjustment and attachment hardware, and retractors, arranged in the
form of a loop as shown in Figure 5, shall be tested in the following
manner:
(1) The testing machine shall conform to the requirements specified
in S5.1(b). A double-roller block shall be attached to one head of the
testing machine. This block shall consist of two rollers 102 mm in
diameter and sufficiently long so that no part of the seatbelt assembly
touches parts of the block other than the rollers during test. The
rollers shall be mounted on antifriction bearings and spaced 305 mm
between centers, and shall have sufficient capacity so that there is no
brinelling, bending or other distortion of parts which may affect the
results. An anchorage bar shall be fastened to the other head of the
testing machine.
(2) The attachment hardware furnished with the seat belt assembly
shall be attached to the anchorage bar. The anchor points shall be
spaced so that the webbing is parallel in the two sides of the loop.
The attaching bolts shall be parallel to, or at an angle of 45 deg. or
90 deg. to the webbing, whichever results in an angle nearest to
90 deg. between webbing and attachment hardware except that eye bolts
shall be vertical, and attaching bolts or nonthreaded anchorages of a
seat belt assembly designed for use in specific models of motor
vehicles shall be installed to produce the maximum angle in use
indicated by the installation instructions, utilizing special fixtures
if necessary to simulate installation in the motor vehicle. Rigid
adapters between anchorage bar and attachment hardware shall be used if
necessary to locate and orient the adjustment hardware. The adapters
shall have a flat support face perpendicular to the threaded hole for
the attaching bolt and adequate in area to provide full support for the
base of the attachment hardware connected to the webbing. If necessary,
a washer shall be used under a swivel plate or other attachment
hardware to prevent the webbing from being damaged as the attaching
bolt is tightened.
(3) The length of the assembly loop from attaching bolt to
attaching bolt shall be adjusted to about 1295 mm, or as near thereto
as possible. A force of 245 N shall be applied to the loop to remove
any slack in webbing at hardware. The force shall be removed and the
heads of the testing machine shall be adjusted for an assembly loop
between 1220 and 1270 mm in length. The length of the assembly loop
shall then be adjusted by applying a force between 89 or 98 N to the
free end of the webbing at the buckle, or by the retraction force of an
automatic-locking or emergency-locking retractor. A seat belt assembly
that cannot be adjusted to this length shall be adjusted as closely as
possible. An automatic-locking or emergency locking retractor when
included in a seat belt assembly shall be locked at the start of the
test with a tension on the webbing slightly in excess of the retractive
force in order to keep the retractor locked. The buckle shall be in a
location so that it does not touch the rollers during test, but to
facilitate making the buckle release test in S5.2(d) the buckle should
be between the rollers or near a roller in one leg.
(4) The heads of the testing machine shall be separated at a rate
between 51 and 102 mm per minute until a force of 22,241222
N is applied to the assembly loop. The extension of the loop shall be
determined from measurements of head separation before and after the
force is applied. The force shall be decreased to 66745 N
and the buckle release force measured as prescribed in S5.2(d).
(5) After the buckle is released, the webbing shall be examined for
cutting by the hardware. If the yarns are partially or completely
severed in a line for a distance of 10 percent or more of the webbing
width, the cut webbing shall be tested for breaking strength as
specified in S5.1(b) locating the cut in the free length between grips.
If there is insufficient webbing on either side of the cut to make such
a test for breaking
[[Page 19281]]
strength, another seat belt assembly shall be used with the webbing
repositioned in the hardware. A tensile force of 11,120111
N shall be applied to the components or a force of
22,241222 N shall be applied to the assembly loop. After
the force is removed, the breaking strength of the cut webbing shall be
determined as prescribed above.
(6) If a Type 1 seat belt assembly includes an automatic-locking
retractor or an emergency-locking retractor, the webbing and retractor
shall be subjected to a tensile force of 11,120111 N with
the webbing fully extended from the retractor.
(7) If a seat belt assembly has a buckle in which the tongue is
capable of inverted insertion, one of the three assemblies shall be
tested with the tongue inverted.
(b) Type 2 seat belt assembly. Components of three seat belt
assemblies shall be tested in the following manner:
(1) The pelvic restraint between anchorages shall be adjusted to a
length between 1220 and 1270 mm, or as near this length as possible if
the design of the pelvic restraint does not permit its adjustment to
this length. An automatic-locking or emergency-locking retractor when
included in a seat belt assembly shall be locked at the start of the
test with a tension on the webbing slightly in excess of the retractive
force in order to keep the retractor locked. The attachment hardware
shall be oriented to the webbing as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of
this section and illustrated in Figure 5. A tensile force
11,120111 N shall be applied on the components in any
convenient manner and the extension between anchorages under this force
shall be measured. The force shall be reduced to 33422 N
and the buckle release force measured as prescribed in S5.2(d).
(2) The components of the upper torso restraint shall be subjected
to a tensile force of 6,67267 N following the procedure
prescribed above for testing pelvic restraint and the extension between
anchorages under this force shall be measured. If the testing apparatus
permits, the pelvic and upper torso restraints may be tested
simultaneously. The force shall be reduced to 33422 N and
the buckle release force measured as prescribed in S5.2(d).
(3) Any component of the seat belt assembly common to both pelvic
and upper torso restraint shall be subjected to a tensile force of
13,344134 N.
(4) After the buckle is released in tests of pelvic and upper torso
restraints, the webbing shall be examined for cutting by the hardware.
If the yarns are partially or completely severed in a line for a
distance of 10 percent or more of the webbing width, the cut webbing
shall be tested for breaking strength as specified in S5.1(b) locating
the cut in the free length between grips. If there is insufficient
webbing on either side of the cut to make such a test for breaking
strength, another seat belt assembly shall be used with the webbing
repositioned in the hardware. The force applied shall be
11,120111 N for components of pelvic restraint, and
6,67267 N for components of upper torso restraint. After
the force is removed, the breaking strength of the cut webbing shall be
determined as prescribed above.
(5) If a Type 2 seat belt assembly includes an automatic-locking
retractor or an emergency-locking retractor the webbing and retractor
shall be subjected to a tensile force of 11,120111 N with
the webbing fully extended from the retractor, or to a tensile force of
6,67267 N with the webbing fully extended from the
retractor if the design of the assembly permits only upper torso
restraint forces on the retractor.
(6) If a seat belt assembly has a buckle in which the tongue is
capable of inverted insertion, one of the three assemblies shall be
tested with the tongue inverted.
(c) Resistance to buckle abrasion. Seatbelt assemblies shall be
tested for resistance to abrasion by each buckle or manual adjusting
device normally used to adjust the size of the assembly. The webbing of
the assembly to be used in this test shall be exposed for 4 hours to an
atmosphere having relative humidity of 65 percent and temperature of 18
deg.C. The webbing shall be pulled back and forth through the buckle
or manual adjusting device as shown schematically in Figure 7. The
anchor end of the webbing (A) shall be attached to a mass (B) of 1.4
kg. The webbing shall pass through the buckle (C), and the other end
(D) shall be attached to a reciprocating device so that the webbing
forms an angle of 8 deg. with the hinge stop (E). The reciprocating
device shall be operated for 2,500 cycles at a rate of 18 cycles per
minute with a stroke length of 203 mm. The abraded webbing shall be
tested for breaking strength by the procedure described in paragraph
S5.1(b).
* * * * *
23. Section 571.210 would be amended by revising in S4.2.1 the
introductory paragraph; revising S4.2.2; revising S4.2.4; revising
S4.3.1.1; revising S4.3.1.4; removing S4.3.1.5; revising S5.1; revising
S5.2; and revising in S6, the introductory text, to read as follows:
Sec. 571.210 Standard No. 210; Seatbelt assembly anchorages.
* * * * *
S4.2.1 Except as provided in S4.2.5, and except for side-facing
seats, the anchorages, attachment hardware, and attachment bolts for
any of the following seatbelt assemblies shall withstand a 22,241 N
force when tested in accordance with S5.1 of this standard:
* * * * *
S4.2.2 Except as provided in S4.2.5, the anchorages, attachment
hardware, and attachment bolts for all Type 2 and automatic seatbelt
assemblies that are installed to comply with Standard No. 208 (49 CFR
571.208) shall withstand 13,345 N forces when tested in accordance with
S5.2.
* * * * *
S4.2.4. Anchorages, attachment hardware, and attachment bolts shall
be tested by simultaneously loading them in accordance with the
applicable procedures set forth in S5 of this standard if the
anchorages are either:
(a) For designated seating positions that are common to the same
occupant seat and that face in the same direction, or
(b) For laterally adjacent designated seating positions that are
not common to the same occupant seat, but that face in the same
direction, if the vertical centerline of the bolt hole for at least one
of the anchorages for one of those designated seating positions is
within 305 mm of the vertical center line of the bolt hole for an
anchorage for one of the adjacent seating positions.
* * * * *
S4.3.1.1 In an installation in which the seat belt does not bear
upon the seat frame:
(a) If the seat is a nonadjustable seat, then a line from the
seating reference point to the nearest contact point of the belt with
the anchorage shall extend forward from the anchorage at an angle with
the horizontal of not less than 30 degrees and not more than 75
degrees.
(b) If the seat is an adjustable seat, then a line from a point 64
mm forward of and 10 mm above the seating reference point to the
nearest contact point of the belt with the anchorage shall extend
forward from the anchorage at an angle with the horizontal of not less
than 30 degrees and not more than 75 degrees.
* * * * *
S4.3.1.4 Anchorages for an individual seat belt assembly shall be
located at least 165 mm apart laterally, measured between the vertical
center
[[Page 19282]]
line of the bolt holes or, for designs using other means of attachment
to the vehicle structure, between the centroid of such means.
S4.3.1.5 [Reserved]
* * * * *
S5.1 Seats with Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt anchorages. With the
seat in its rearmost position, apply a force of 22,241 N in the
direction in which the seat faces to a pelvic body block as described
in Figure 2A, in a plane parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the
vehicle, with an initial force application angle of not less than 5
degrees or more than 15 degrees above the horizontal. Apply the force
at the onset rate of not more than 222,411 N per second. Attain the
22,241 N force in not more than 30 seconds and maintain it for 10
seconds. At the manufacturer's option, the pelvic body block described
in Figure 2B may be substituted for the pelvic body block described in
Figure 2A to apply the specified force to the center set(s) of
anchorages for any group of three or more sets of anchorages that are
simultaneously loaded in accordance with S4.2.4 of this standard.
S5.2 Seats with Type 2 or automatic seat belt anchorages. With the
seat in its rearmost position, apply forces of 13,345 N in the
direction in which the seat faces simultaneously to a pelvic body
block, as described in Figure 2A, and an upper torso body block, as
described in Figure 3, in a plane parallel to the longitudinal
centerline of the vehicle, with an initial force application angle of
not less than 5 degrees nor more than 15 degrees above the horizontal.
Apply the forces at the onset rate of not more than 133,447 N per
second. Attain the 13,345 N force in not more than 30 seconds and
maintain it for 10 seconds. At the manufacturer's option, the pelvic
body block described in Figure 2B may be substituted for the pelvic
body block described in Figure 2A to apply the specified force to the
center set(s) of anchorages for any group of three or more sets of
anchorages that are simultaneously loaded in accordance with S4.2.4 of
this standard.
* * * * *
S6. Owner's Manual Information. The owner's manual in each vehicle
with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kg or less manufactured
after September 1, 1987 shall include:
* * * * *
23. In Sec. 571.210, Figure 2 ``Body Block for Lap Belt Anchorage''
would be removed. Figure 2A ``Body Block for Lap Belt Anchorage'',
Figure 2B ``Optional Body Block for Center Seating Positions'', and
Figure 3 ``Body Block for Combination Shoulder and Lap Belt Anchorage''
after S5.2, and preceding S6, would be revised to read as follows:
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.006
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.007
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP21AP97.008
BILLING CODE 4910-59-C
[[Page 19286]]
25. Section 571.219 would be amended by revising S3; revising S5;
revising S6.1; revising S6.2; and rev
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