Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines; Increase of the Vehicle Mass for 3-Wheeled Motorcycles

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 86

[FRL-5833-8]

Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles and New Motor

Vehicle Engines; Increase of the Vehicle Mass for 3-Wheeled Motorcycles

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

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SUMMARY: Today's action proposes to change the regulatory definition of

a motorcycle to include 3-wheeled vehicles weighing up to 1749 pounds

effective for 1997 and later model year motorcycles for which emission

standards are in place.

The action proposed today is anticipated to create no detrimental

health effects, and will therefore retain the health benefits derived

from the current motorcycle regulations in effect.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before August 4, 1997 or 30 days

after the date of the public hearing, if one is held. If a public

hearing is requested, EPA will conduct a public hearing on this Notice

of Proposed Rulemaking on July 3, 1997 at 10:00 AM at the Courtyard by

Marriott, 3205 Boardwalk, Ann Arbor, Michigan. To request a hearing,

notify the person listed in the ``For Further Information Contact''

section within 15 days after the publication date of this action. If a

request is received by this time, a public hearing will be held.

Contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT

section to find out if a hearing will be held. Further information on

the public hearing can be found in Supplementary Information, Section

V.B., Public Hearing.

ADDRESSES: Materials relevant to this Rulemaking are contained in

Docket No.

[[Page 30292]]

A-96-49. The docket is located at the Air Docket section, 401 M Street

SW., Washington, DC 20460, and may be viewed in room M-1500 between

8:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. The telephone number is

(202) 260-7548 and the facsimile number is (202) 260-4400. A reasonable

fee may be charged by EPA for copying docket material.

All written comments must be identified with the appropriate docket

number (Docket No. A-96-49) and must be submitted in duplicate to the

address listed above, with a complimentary copy to Frank Lamitola at

the address listed below.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Frank Lamitola, Vehicle Programs and

Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2565

Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105. Telephone (313) 668-4479.

Email [email protected] Fax (313) 741-7869.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Regulated Entities

Entities potentially regulated by this action are motorcycle and

motor vehicle manufacturers. Tabulated entities include the following:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Examples of regulated

Category entities

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Industry.................................. Motorcycle

manufacturers.

Manufacturers of 3-

wheeled vehicles.

Importers of

motorcycles.

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This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a

guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this

action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware

could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities

not listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether

your facility is regulated by this action, you should carefully examine

the criteria contained in section 86.402 of title 40 of the Code of

Federal Regulations, as modified by today's action. If you have

questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular

entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER

INFORMATION CONTACT section.

Electronic Availability

Electronic copies of the preamble and the regulatory text of this

proposed rulemaking are available via the EPA internet web site. This

service is free of charge, except for any cost you already incur for

internet connectivity. The official Federal Register version is made

available on the day of publication on the primary EPA web site listed

below. The EPA Office of Mobile Sources also publishes these notices on

the secondary web site listed below:

EPA internet web site http://www.epa.gov/docs/fedrgstr/EPA-AIR/ (either

select desired date or use Search feature)

OMS web site http://www.epa.gov/OMSWWW/ (look in ``What's New'' or

under the specific rulemaking topic)

Please note that due to differences between the software used to

develop the document and the software into which the document may be

downloaded, changes in format, page length, etc. may occur.

Table of Contents

I. Introduction and Background

II. Requirements of the Proposed Rule

III. Discussion of Issues

A. Impact on Automotive Industry

B. Revision to Test Procedures

IV. Cost Effectiveness

V. Public Participation

A. Comments and the Public Docket

B. Public Hearing

VI. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866

B. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

C. Impact on Small Entities

D. Unfunded Mandates Act

I. Introduction and Background

Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to promulgate

emission standards for motor vehicles, including motorcycles. Section

202 (a)(3)(E) of the Act requires that EPA, when setting emission

standards for motorcycles, ``consider the need to achieve equivalency

of emission reductions between motorcycles and other motor vehicles to

the maximum extent practicable.'' EPA has promulgated emission

standards and accompanying regulations controlling emissions from new

motorcycles. See 42 FR 1122 (January 5, 1977). These regulations

included the definition of ``motorcycle.'' EPA originally proposed a

definition of ``motorcycle'' which would have included any 3-wheeled

vehicle ``which is not a passenger car or passenger car derivative''

regardless of weight. 1 Adverse public comment was received

stating that some small 3-wheeled vehicles share characteristics of a

passenger car as well as a motorcycle and therefore much confusion

would arise as to whether that vehicle should be regulated as a

passenger car or a motorcycle. EPA agreed with these comments, and

revised its definition of motorcycle in the final rule to be any 2-

wheeled vehicle or any 3-wheeled vehicle with a curb mass less than or

equal to 680 kilograms (1499 pounds). Any 3-wheeled vehicle over that

weight would be classified and regulated as a passenger car. The weight

was chosen because it was typical of the weight of 3-wheeled motor

vehicles available on the market at that time, and did not approach the

weight of light duty vehicles of the time.

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\1\ On October 22, 1975, a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)

was published in the Federal Register (40 FR 49496) for the control

of exhaust and crankcase emissions from new motorcycles. In the

NPRM, ``motorcycle'' was proposed to be defined as ``any motor

vehicle designed to operate on not more than three wheels (including

any tricycle arrangement) in contact with the ground which is not a

passenger car or passenger car derivative.''

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In 1995, EPA was informed by a manufacturer of 3-wheeled vehicles

that a competitor was allegedly selling vehicles over the weight limit,

and that the manufacturer also wished to produce heavier 3-wheeled

vehicles. The market for 3-wheeled vehicles, according to the

manufacturer, was demanding more amenities which added weight, such as

air conditioning, power windows, etc. EPA was requested to consider

raising the weight limit to accommodate the market demand. EPA's

primary concern with such a change is that there is not much room for

increase before there would be overlap between motorcycles and light

duty vehicles. Raising the weight limit significantly could result in

allowing a 3-wheeled vehicle to pollute much more than a car when it

could weigh as much as a car, have all the amenities of a car, and be

used much in the same way as a car. This would not be in keeping with

the CAA mandate to consider the need to achieve equivalency of emission

reductions between motorcycles and other motor vehicles to the maximum

extent practicable. EPA believes it is appropriate to propose raising

the weight limit to 1749 pounds because it is still low enough to

preclude creating a new market for 3-wheeled vehicles being built as

passenger cars.2 The 1749 pound limit is about 60 pounds

lower than the lowest weight passenger car being sold in the U.S. today

and is substantially lower than the average weight of about 2900 pounds

for the sub-compact class of cars sold in the U.S.

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\2\ Currently, 3-wheeled vehicles are primarily used in special

applications, such as police use, postal service, and recreation-

type use.

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EPA acknowledges that market-driven changes can occur in the

automotive

[[Page 30293]]

industry, and that it should accommodate such changes to the extent

practicable, providing that emission and health benefits are not

compromised. It is EPA's opinion that the number of 3-wheeled vehicles

affected by this action (i.e., falling between 1499 pounds and 1749

pounds) is going to be very small. Currently, EPA is aware of only two

companies certifying 3-wheeled vehicles (Cushman and Westward

Industries, Inc.), with a combined annual 3-wheeled vehicle production

of less than 1000 units. Furthermore, these affected vehicles are

substantially similar to and likely to be used much in the same way as

those 3-wheeled vehicles previously regulated as motorcycles.

Therefore, EPA believes that increasing the weight limit for 3-wheeled

vehicles by 250 pounds will not compromise air quality or health

benefits based on the current market for these vehicles. The health

benefits currently achieved by the motorcycle emission standards are

anticipated to remain, and not be adversely impacted by raising the

weight limit of 3-wheeled vehicles. EPA requests comments about the

potential for the weight increase to substantially increase the number

of such vehicles being sold in the U.S., or the manner in which they

are used.

II. Requirements of the Proposed Rule

EPA is proposing to increase the weight limit for 3-wheeled

motorcycles from 1,499 pounds (680 Kg) to 1,749 pounds (793 Kg). EPA is

also amending the motorcycle testing procedures to account for the

increase in weight.

III. Discussion of Issues

A. Impact on automotive industry

The Agency believes that today's proposal will not create a new

market for 3-wheeled vehicles that are similar to automobiles but can

be certified as motorcycles, primarily because the weight increase

being proposed is small, the sales volume of these vehicles is small,

and the additional weight is not overlapping with weights of light duty

passenger cars. However, the Agency has some concerns that the proposed

weight increase may create the possibility that smaller 4-wheeled

vehicles could be converted into 3-wheeled passenger vehicles for the

purposes of circumventing light duty vehicle emissions standards, and

requests comments on this issue. If, during the comment period, new

information comes to light about additional 3-wheeled vehicles being

introduced into the U.S. market as a result of the increased weight

limit, EPA may reconsider or revise this proposal.

B. Revisions to test procedures.

The original test procedures for motorcycles included a table to

determine the road load force and inertia weight used for dynamometer

testing. This table included values for loaded vehicle mass of up to

760 Kg. With today's proposal, the table has been expanded to included

values for loaded vehicle mass up to 870 Kg. To arrive at the values

added to this table, EPA extrapolated the data from the existing table.

An option exists in the current regulations which allows the

manufacturer to perform an actual vehicle road load measurement as

outlined under 40 CFR 86 Sec. 529(c), which EPA is not proposing to

change.

IV. Cost Effectiveness

No added costs will be incurred by the manufacturers of 3-wheeled

vehicles as a result of this proposal. The proposed weight change will

allow manufacturers to produce heavier 3-wheeled vehicles, presumably

allowing them to add options which will make the vehicles more

marketable.

Based on EPA's current knowledge about the size of the affected

market, the ramifications on emissions are likely to be very small. By

increasing the weight limit, 3-wheeled vehicles weighing between 1499

and 1749 pounds will now be permitted to comply with motorcycle

standards, rather than the light duty vehicles standards, which are

significantly more stringent. (It should be noted that to date, no 3-

wheeled vehicles have been certified to light duty vehicle standards.)

EPA requests comments on the potential impact of the proposal on future

production of 3-wheeled vehicles.

V. Public Participation

A. Comments and the Public Docket

EPA requests comments on all aspects of this proposed Rulemaking.

Commenters are especially encouraged to give suggestions for changing

any aspects of the proposal. All comments, with the exception of

proprietary information should be addressed to the EPA Air Docket

Section, Docket No. A-96-49 (see ADDRESSES).

Commenters who wish to submit proprietary information for

consideration should clearly separate such information from other

comments by (1) labeling proprietary information ``Confidential

Business Information'' and (2) sending proprietary information directly

to the contact person listed (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) and

not to the public docket. This will help insure that proprietary

information is not inadvertently placed in the docket. If a commenter

wants EPA to use a submission labeled as confidential business

information as part of the basis for the final rule, then a

nonconfidential version of the document, which summarizes the key data

or information, should be sent to the docket.

Information covered by a claim of confidentiality will be disclosed

by EPA only to the extent allowed and by the procedures set forth in 40

CFR Part 2. If no claim of confidentiality accompanies the submission

when it is received by EPA, the submission may be made available to the

public without notifying the commenters.

B. Public Hearing

EPA will conduct a public hearing if one is requested, as discussed

in the DATES section above. Anyone wishing to present testimony about

this proposal at the public hearing should, if possible, notify the

contact person (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) at least seven

days prior to the day of the hearing. The contact person should be

given an estimate of the time required for the presentation of

testimony and notification of any need for audio/visual equipment.

Testimony will be scheduled on a first come, first served basis. A

sign-up sheet will be available at the registration table the morning

of the hearing for scheduling those who have not notified the contact

earlier. This testimony will be scheduled on a first come, first served

basis to follow the previously scheduled testimony.

EPA requests that approximately 50 copies of the statement or

material to be presented be brought to the hearing for distribution to

the audience. In addition, EPA would find it helpful to receive an

advanced copy of any statement or material to be presented at the

hearing at least one week before the scheduled hearing date. This is to

give EPA staff adequate time to review such material before the

hearing. Such advanced copies should be submitted to the contact person

listed.

The official records of the hearing will be kept open for 30 days

following the hearing to allow submission of rebuttal and supplementary

testimony. All such submittals should be directed to the Air Docket

Section, Docket No. A-96-49 (see ADDRESSES). The hearing will be

conducted informally, and technical rules of evidence will not apply. A

written transcript of the hearing will be placed in the above docket

for review. Anyone desiring to purchase a copy of the transcript should

make individual arrangements with the court reporter recording the

proceedings.

[[Page 30294]]

VI. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866

Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the

Agency must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant''

and therefore subject to OMB review and the requirements of the

Executive Order. The Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as

one that is likely to result in a rule that may:

(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or

adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the

economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public

health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or

communities;

(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an

action taken or planned by another agency;

(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,

user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients

thereof; or,

(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal

mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in

the Executive Order.

It has been determined that this rule is not a ``significant

regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is

therefore not subject to OMB review.

B. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

This regulation does not impose any new information collection

requirements and results in no change to the currently approved

collection. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the

information collection requirements contained in this rule under the

provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and

has assigned OMB control number 2060-0104.

Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources

expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or

provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time

needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize

technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and

verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and

disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to

comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;

train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information;

search data sources; complete and review the collection of information;

and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.

An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required

to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a

currently valid OMB control number.

The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations are listed in 40 CFR

Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.

C. Impact on Small Entities

EPA has determined that it is not necessary to prepare a draft

regulatory flexibility analysis in connection with this proposed rule.

This rule will not have a significant adverse economic impact because

it will increase the weight limit on these vehicles, thereby allowing

the manufacturers of three-wheeled vehicles to produce these vehicles

within the weight limit of 1749 pounds (793 Kg). This weight increase

will allow manufacturers of vehicles near the existing limit of 1499

pounds (680 Kg) to provide more options on those vehicles and thus

share the existing market with competing entities fairly. EPA has

identified only two manufacturers currently manufacturing such

vehicles. Therefore, the Administrator certifies that this regulation

does not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small

entities.

D. Unfunded Mandates Act

Under section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), signed into law on March 22, 1995, EPA

must prepare a budgetary impact statement to accompany any proposed or

final rule that includes a Federal mandate that may result in estimated

costs to State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate; or to

the private sector, or $100 million or more. Under Section 205, EPA

must select the most cost effective and least burdensome alternative

that achieves the objectives of the rule and is consistent with

statutory requirements. Section 203 requires EPA to establish a plan

for informing and advising any small governments that may be

significantly or uniquely impacted by the rule.

EPA has determined that the final approval action promulgated today

does not include a Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs

of $100 million or more to either State, local, or tribal governments

in the aggregate, or to the private sector.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 86

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,

Motor vehicle pollution.

Dated: May 23, 1997.

Carol M. Browner,

Administrator.

For the reasons set out in the preamble, part 86 of title 40 of the

Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:

PART 86--CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM NEW AND IN-USE MOTOR

VEHICLES AND NEW AND IN-USE MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINES: CERTIFICATION

AND TEST PROCEDURES

1. The authority citation for Part 86 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart E--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles,

General Provisions--[Amended]

2. A new section 86.402-97 is added to read as follows:

Sec. 86.402-97 Definitions.

The definitions of 86.402-78 remain effective. The definition in

this section is effective beginning with the 1997 model year.

Motorcycle means any motor vehicle with a headlight, taillight, and

stoplight and having: Two wheels, or Three wheels and a curb mass less

than or equal to 793 kilograms (1749 pounds).

3. Paragraph (d) of Sec. 86.406-78 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 86.406-78 Introduction, structure of subpart, further

information.

* * * * *

(d) Manufacturers who are considering an application should

contact: Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division,

Environmental Protection Agency, 2565 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan

48105 and state whether he/she plans to certify for total sales of

greater than or less than 10,000 vehicles for the applicable model

year.

Subpart F--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles;

Test Procedures--[Amended]

4. Paragraph (c) of Sec. 86.518-78 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 86.518-78 Dynamometer calibration.

* * * * *

(c) The performance check consists of conducting a dynamometer

coastdown at one or more inertia-horsepower settings and comparing the

coastdown time to the table in Figure F97-9 of Sec. 86.529-97. If the

coastdown time is outside the tolerance, a new calibration is required.

5. A new Sec. 86.529-97 is added to read as follows:

[[Page 30295]]

Sec. 86.529-97 Road load force and inertia weight determination.

(a) Road load as a function of speed is given by the following

equation:

F = A + CV2

The values for coefficients A and C and the test inertia are given in

Figure F97-9. Velocity V is in km/h and force (F) is in newtons. The

forces given by this equation shall be simulated to the best ability of

the equipment being used.

(b) The inertia given in Figure F97-9 shall be used. Motorcycles

with loaded vehicle mass outside these limits shall be tested at an

equivalent inertial mass and road load force specified by the

Administrator.

Figure F97-9

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Force coefficients 70 to 60 km/h coastdown

---------------------- calibration times

--------------------------------

Equivalent Force at Allowable tolerance

Loaded vehicle mass (kg) inertial C (nt/(km/ 65 km/h Target ---------------------

mass (kg) A (nt) h)2) (nt) time Longest Shortest

(sec) time time

(sec) (sec)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

95-105............................ 100 0.0 .0224 94.8 2.95 3.1 2.8

106-115........................... 110 0.82 .0227 96.8 3.18 3.3 3.0

116-125........................... 120 1.70 .0230 98.8 3.39 3.6 3.2

126-135........................... 130 2.57 .0233 100.9 3.60 3.8 3.4

136-145........................... 140 3.44 .0235 102.9 3.80 4.0 3.6

146-155........................... 150 4.32 .0238 104.9 3.99 4.2 3.8

156-165........................... 160 5.19 .0241 107.0 4.10 4.4 4.0

166-175........................... 170 6.06 .0244 109.0 4.36 4.6 4.2

176-185........................... 180 6.94 .0246 111.0 4.53 4.7 4.3

186-195........................... 190 7.81 .0249 113.1 4.69 4.9 4.5

196-205........................... 200 8.69 .0252 115.1 4.85 5.1 4.6

206-215........................... 210 9.56 .0255 117.1 5.00 5.2 4.8

216-225........................... 220 10.43 .0257 119.2 5.15 5.4 4.9

226-235........................... 230 11.31 .0260 121.2 5.30 5.5 5.1

236-245........................... 240 12.18 .0263 123.2 5.43 5.7 5.2

246-255........................... 250 13.06 .0266 125.3 5.57 5.8 5.4

256-265........................... 260 13.93 .0268 127.3 5.70 5.9 5.5

266-275........................... 270 14.80 .0271 129.3 5.82 6.1 5.6

276-285........................... 280 15.68 .0274 131.4 5.95 6.2 5.7

286-295........................... 290 16.55 .0277 133.4 6.06 6.3 5.8

296-305........................... 300 17.43 .0279 135.4 6.18 6.4 6.0

306-315........................... 310 18.30 .0282 137.5 6.29 6.5 6.1

316-325........................... 320 19.17 .0285 139.5 6.40 6.6 6.2

326-335........................... 330 20.05 .0288 141.6 6.50 6.7 6.3

336-345........................... 340 20.92 .0290 143.6 6.60 6.8 6.4

346-355........................... 350 21.80 .0293 145.6 6.70 6.9 6.5

356-365........................... 360 22.67 .0296 147.7 6.80 7.0 6.6

366-375........................... 370 23.54 .0299 149.7 6.89 7.1 6.7

376-385........................... 380 24.42 .0301 151.7 6.98 7.2 6.8

386-395........................... 390 25.29 .0304 153.8 7.07 7.3 6.9

396-405........................... 400 26.17 .0307 155.8 7.16 7.4 6.9

406-415........................... 410 27.04 .0310 157.8 7.24 7.5 7.0

416-425........................... 420 27.91 .0312 159.9 7.33 7.6 7.1

426-435........................... 430 28.79 .0315 161.9 7.41 7.6 7.2

436-445........................... 440 29.66 .0317 163.7 7.49 7.7 7.3

446-455........................... 450 30.54 .0318 164.9 7.61 7.8 7.4

456-465........................... 460 31.41 .0319 166.0 7.73 8.0 7.5

466-475........................... 470 32.28 .0319 167.1 7.84 8.1 7.6

476-485........................... 480 33.16 .0320 168.3 7.95 8.2 7.7

486-495........................... 490 34.03 .0320 169.4 8.06 8.3 7.8

496-505........................... 500 34.90 .0321 170.5 8.17 8.4 7.9

506-515........................... 510 35.78 .0322 171.7 8.28 8.5 8.0

516-525........................... 520 36.65 .0322 172.8 8.39 8.6 8.2

526-535........................... 530 37.53 .0323 173.9 8.49 8.7 8.3

536-545........................... 540 38.40 .0323 175.1 8.60 8.8 8.4

546-555........................... 550 39.27 .0324 176.2 8.70 9.0 8.5

556-565........................... 560 40.15 .0325 177.3 8.80 9.1 8.6

566-575........................... 570 41.02 .0325 178.5 8.90 9.2 8.7

576-585........................... 580 41.90 .0326 179.6 9.00 9.3 8.8

586-595........................... 590 42.77 .0327 180.8 9.10 9.4 8.9

596-605........................... 600 43.64 .0327 181.9 9.19 9.5 8.9

606-615........................... 610 44.52 .0328 183.0 9.29 9.5 9.0

616-625........................... 620 45.39 .0328 184.2 9.38 9.6 9.1

626-635........................... 630 46.27 .0329 185.3 9.47 9.7 9.2

636-645........................... 640 47.14 .0330 186.4 9.56 9.8 9.3

646-655........................... 650 48.01 .0330 187.6 9.65 9.9 9.4

656-665........................... 660 48.89 .0331 188.7 9.74 10.0 9.5

666-675........................... 670 49.76 .0332 189.8 9.83 10.1 9.6

676-685........................... 680 50.64 .0332 191.0 9.92 10.2 9.7

[[Page 30296]]

686-695........................... 690 51.51 .0333 192.1 10.01 10.3 9.8

696-705........................... 700 52.38 .0333 193.2 10.09 10.4 9.8

706-715........................... 710 53.26 .0334 194.4 10.17 10.4 9.9

716-725........................... 720 54.13 .0335 195.5 10.26 10.5 10.0

726-735........................... 730 55.01 .0335 196.6 10.34 10.6 10.1

736-745........................... 740 55.88 .0336 197.8 10.42 10.7 10.2

746-755........................... 750 56.75 .0336 198.9 10.50 10.8 10.2

756-765........................... 760 57.63 .0337 200.1 10.58 10.9 10.3

766-775........................... 770 58.50 .0338 201.2 10.66 10.9 10.3

776-785........................... 780 59.38 .0338 203.3 10.74 11.0 10.4

786-795........................... 790 60.25 .0339 204.5 10.82 11.1 10.5

796-805........................... 800 61.12 .0339 205.6 10.91 11.2 10.6

806-815........................... 810 62.00 .0340 206.7 10.99 11.3 10.7

816-825........................... 820 62.87 .0341 207.9 11.07 11.4 10.8

826-835........................... 830 63.75 .0341 209.0 11.15 11.5 10.8

836-845........................... 840 64.62 .0342 210.1 11.24 11.5 10.9

846-855........................... 850 65.49 .0343 211.3 11.32 11.6 11.0

856-865........................... 860 66.37 .0343 212.4 11.40 11.7 11.1

866-873........................... 870 67.24 .0344 213.5 11.48 11.8 11.2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) The dynamometer shall be adjusted to reproduce the specified

road load as determined by the most recent calibration. Alternatively,

the actual vehicle road load can be measured and duplicated:

(1) Make at least 5 replicate coastdowns in each direction from 70

to 60 km/h on a smooth, level track under balanced wind conditions. The

driver must have a mass of 80 10 kg and be in the normal

driving position. Record the coastdown time.

(2) Average the coastdown times. Adjust the dynamometer load so

that the coastdown time is duplicated with the vehicle and driver on

the dynamometer.

(3) Alternate procedures may be used if approved in advance by the

Administrator.

[FR Doc. 97-14441 Filed 6-2-97; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-P