Economic Classification Policy Committee: Standard Industrial Classification ReplacementThe North American Industry Classification System Proposed Industry Classification Structure

SUMMARY: Under Title 44 U.S.C. 3504, the Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) is seeking public comment on the advisability of adopting

the proposed North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), the

industry classification system developed by OMB's Economic

Classification Policy Committee to replace the current Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) system.

OMB has previously published six Federal Register notices seeking

comment on the development of NAICS and its content. The March 31,

1993, Federal Register notice, pp. 16990-17004, announced the

establishment of the Economic Classification Policy Committee (ECPC) to

produce a new industrial classification system for 1997. OMB charged

the ECPC with a ``fresh slate'' examination of economic classifications

for statistical purposes, including industrial classifications, product

classifications, and product code groupings. The July 26, 1994, Federal

Register notice, pp. 38092-38096, solicited comments on the concepts

for the new system and the decision to develop NAICS in cooperation

with Statistics Canada and Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Estadistica,

Geografia e Informatica (INEGI). That notice also included a request

for the public to submit recommendations for industries to be included

in the new system. The deadline for submitting proposals for new or

revised industries was November 7, 1994.

After considering all proposals from the public, consulting with a

large number of U.S. data users and industry groups, and undertaking

extensive discussions with Statistics Canada and INEGI, a new

industrial structure for NAICS was developed that would apply to all

three North American countries. Four Federal Register notices

subsequently were published seeking comment on various parts of the

structure and industries of the NAICS system. The first of these four

notices was published in the Federal Register, July 26, 1995, pp.

38436-38452, requesting comment on proposed industry structures for

petroleum and coal product manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, and

rubber and plastics manufacturing; for broadcasting and

telecommunications; and for food services and drinking places and

accommodations. The second Federal Register notice was published on

February 6, 1996, pp. 4524-4578, requesting comment on proposed

industry structures for crop production, animal production, forestry

and logging; textile mills, textile product mills, apparel

manufacturing, and leather and allied product manufacturing; food

manufacturing and beverage and tobacco product manufacturing;

fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery manufacturing;

electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing; and

transportation equipment manufacturing. The third Federal Register

notice was published on May 28, 1996, pp. 26558-26668, requesting

comment on proposed industry structures for health and social

assistance; educational services; computers and electronics product

manufacturing; furniture manufacturing; printing and related support

activities; professional, technical and scientific services; performing

arts, spectator sports and related industries; museums, historical

sites and similar institutions; recreation, amusement and gambling;

information; wood product manufacturing, except furniture; rental and

leasing; repair and maintenance; management and support;

transportation; mining; paper manufacturing; nonmetallic minerals

manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing; miscellaneous

manufacturing; and postal service and couriers.

Finally, the fourth of the industry-specific Federal Register

notices (constituting the sixth notice concerning the NAICS overall

development) was published on July 5, 1996, pp. 35384-35515, requesting

comment on proposed industry structures for finance and insurance;

wholesale trade; retail trade; construction; utilities; waste

management and remediation services; real estate; lessors of other non-

financial assets; personal and laundry services; and religious, grant

making, civic, and other membership organizations. That notice also

presented the entire classification system and requested comments on

the proposed hierarchy and coding system of NAICS.

The final deadline for receipt of public comments on the structure

and the industries include in NAICS was September 3, 1996. Statistics

Canada and INEGI also sought comments on the proposed structures.

Further discussions were held among the three countries to consider

public comments received from all three countries. Changes incorporated

into the new system based on these comments are shown and explained in

the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this notice.

After this extensive process of development and discussions by the

ECPC, with maximum possible input as called for by its mandate, OMB is

seeking comment on the advisability of accepting NAICS, with the

changes published in this notice, as the industry classification system

to be employed in relevant statistical collections by all U.S.

statistical agencies. Statistics Canada and INEGI have accepted the new

NAICS system, which will be used for industrial classification in the

statistical programs of Canada and Mexico.

DATES: To ensure consideration of comments on the adoption and

implementation of NAICS, comments must be in writing and should be

submitted as soon as possible, but no later than December 20, 1996.

This proposed industry system would become effective in the U.S. on

January 1, 1997.

ADDRESSES: Correspondence about the adoption and implementation of

NAICS as shown in this Federal Register notice should be sent to:

Katherine K. Wallman, Chief Statistician, Office of Management and

Budget, 10201 New Executive Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20503,

telephone number: (202) 395-3093, FAX number: (202) 395-7245.

Inquiries about the content of industries or requests for

electronic copies of the tables should be made to Carole Ambler,

Coordinator, Economic Classification Policy Committee, Bureau of the

Census, Room 2633-3, Washington, DC 20233, telephone number: (301) 457-

2668, FAX number: (301) 457-1343.

ELECTRONIC AVAILABILITY AND COMMENTS: This document is available on the

Internet from the Census Bureau via WWW browser, ftp, and E-mail.

To obtain this document via WWW browser, connect to ``http://

www.census.gov'' then select ``Subjects A to Z'', then select ``N'',

then select ``NAICS (North American Industry Classification System).''

This WWW page contains previous NAICS Federal

[[Page 57007]]

Register notices and related documents as well.

To obtain this document via ftp, login to ftp.census.gov as

anonymous, and retrieve the files ``naicsfr7.pdf,'' ``naicsfr7

TBL1.pdf,'' and ``naicsfr7 TBL2.pdf'' from the ``/pub/epcd/naics''

directory. (That directory also contains previous NAICS Federal

Register notices and related documents.)

To obtain this document via Internet E-mail, send a message to

[email protected] with the body text as follows: ``get gatekeeper

naics.txt''. Instructions for obtaining this and other NAICS documents

will be delivered as a message attachment.

Comments may be sent via Internet E-mail to OMB at [email protected]

(do not include any capital letters in the address). Comments received

at this address by the date specified above will be included as part of

the official record.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul Bugg, 10201 New Executive Office

Bldg., Washington, DC 20503, E-mail address: [email protected],

telephone number: (202) 395-3093, FAX number: (202) 395-7245. Inquiries

about the content of industries or requests for electronic copies of

the tables should be made to Carole Ambler, Coordinator, Economic

Classification Policy Committee, Bureau of the Census, Room 2633-3,

Washington, DC 20233, telephone number: (301) 457-2668, FAX number:

(301) 457-1343.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

The development of NAICS began in 1992 with the establishment of

the Economic Classification Policy Committee by OMB to study the

desirability of developing a new industry classification system for the

United States based on a single economic concept. A March 31, 1993,

Federal Register notice, pp. 16990-17004, announced the establishment

of the Economic Classification Policy Committee (ECPC) by OMB and set

out its charter including a ``fresh slate'' examination of economic

classifications for statistical purposes, including industrial

classifications, product classifications, and product code groupings.

In a July 26, 1994, Federal Register notice, pp. 38092-38096, OMB

announced that NAICS was being developed in cooperation with Statistics

Canada and INEGI and requested comments on that decision as well as

requesting public comments on the structure of the system. That notice

also included the concepts of the new system and the principles upon

which it would be developed. Those are as follows:

(1) NAICS will be erected on a production-oriented, or supply-

based, conceptual framework. This means that producing units that use

identical or similar production processes will be grouped together in

NAICS.

(2) The system will give special attention to developing

production-oriented classifications for (a) new and emerging

industries, (b) service industries in general, and (c) industries

engaged in the production of advanced technologies.

(3) Time series continuity will be maintained to the extent

possible. However, changes in the economy and proposals from data users

must be considered. In addition, adjustments will be required for

sectors where Canada, Mexico, and the United States presently have

incompatible industry classification definitions in order to produce a

common industry system for all three North American countries.

(4) The system will strive for compatibility with the 2-digit level

of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic

Activities (ISIC, Rev. 3) of the United Nations.

The structure of NAICS was developed in a series of meetings among

the three countries. NAICS is organized in a hierarchical structure,

much like the existing U.S. SIC. The 1987 SIC employs a 4-digit coding

system, in which the first two digits designate what in NAICS is known

as a ``subsector,'' the third digit designates the industry group, and

the fourth digit designates the industry. For example, in the 1987 SIC,

the two digits 26 designate the manufacture of ``Paper and Allied

Products,'' within which the digits 262 designate an industry group

titled ``Paper Mills,'' which contains one 4-digit industry, SIC 2621,

also titled ``Paper Mills.''

The NAICS coding system must be expanded beyond the four digits

used in the SIC for two reasons. First, the NAICS agreements among the

ECPC, INEGI, and Statistics Canada permit each country to designate

detailed industries, below the level of a NAICS industry, to meet

national needs. The United States will have such national industry

detail in many places in the new classification, and this national

detail can only be accommodated by expanding the coding system to at

least five characters. In the U.S. NAICS, the sixth digit designates

the U.S. detailed national industries.

Second, it is desirable that the first character or characters in a

coding system designate the sector (the NAICS term ``industry sector''

is replacing the term ``division'' used in the 1987 SIC). A modern

economy is too complex to be described adequately if the first

character of the coding system restricts the number of sectors to nine

or ten. For example, the ECPC is recommending that NAICS have 20

industry sectors. Accordingly, the first two digits are used to

designate the sector in NAICS.

The ECPC is recommending a six digit coding system in which the

first two digits designate the NAICS sector, and the third, fourth,

fifth, and sixth digits designate, respectively, the subsector,

industry group, NAICS industry, and U.S. national industry (if any).

Though the 1997 U.S. NAICS industries will now have six digits compared

to four digits for 1987 SIC industries, there will not be a

corresponding increase in the level of classification detail that the

1997 NAICS provides compared to the 1987 SIC. As explained above, the

two additional digits are simply the result of allowing for more

sectors and for individual country-level detail.

Public proposals for individual industries from all three countries

were considered for acceptance if the proposed industry was based on

the production-oriented concept of the system.

In response to the July 26, 1994, notice, the ECPC received 125

public responses to the call for proposals for new and revised

industries, plus 8 responses from 6 State government agencies, and 9

responses from 6 Federal Government agencies. These formal responses to

the July 26, 1994, Federal Register notice contained several hundred

proposals. Additional proposals and suggestions for change arose from

the extensive ECPC public outreach program, which consisted of meetings

and other communications with industry, data user, and data respondent

groups. Other proposals for modifications such as changing industry

definitions and clarifying boundaries, came from U.S. statistical

agency personnel who worked on NAICS, reflecting accumulated public

comments and criticism, over a number of years, of the U.S. SIC system.

A number of proposals to eliminate U.S. industries, or to combine them

with other industries, were also received.

Comments to the ECPC from all these sources ranged over many

aspects of the 1987 SIC system. For example, approximately 20 percent

of the formal letters received concerned ambiguities in the titles and

definitions of the 1987 SIC industries, and incomplete or out of date

product lists. Over 40 respondents requested more and better-defined

product detail within existing industries, without necessarily

requesting changes to industry boundaries. These requests and

[[Page 57008]]

suggestions are being handled through the redesign of forms where

product information is collected in the 1997 Economic Censuses.

Another group of responses to the notice were proposals for ``a

separate, market-oriented product grouping system'' (Federal Register,

July 26, 1994, p. 38095), to be put in place following the 1997

Economic Censuses. Some proposals that were submitted as industry

proposals were, after analysis by the ECPC, found more appropriately to

be market groupings, and have been held over for future action.

After accounting for the public responses in the above categories,

a high proportion of the proposals for new industries made to the ECPC

were accepted. When a proposal was not accepted, it was usually

because: (a) the resulting industry would have been too small in the

U.S.; (b) data indicated that the specialization ratio was low (the

specialization ratio indicates to what extent the establishments in a

given industry concentrate on the activities that define the industry);

or (c) the proposal did not meet the production-oriented criterion for

forming an industry in NAICS.

Proposals were also received for changing or modifying the

boundaries of existing industries, without necessarily creating a new

industry. In addition, changes to 1987 SIC industry definitions were

frequently required to bring about compatibility with the Canadian and

Mexican classifications (as were corresponding changes in those

countries' classification systems). Those changes are listed and

described in the four Federal Register notices that described the

proposed NAICS system. Some changes that were required for

international compatibility interacted with proposed changes from the

U.S. public, and in some cases the two kinds of changes forced a

broader rethinking of the entire portion of the structure. The results

of the ECPC's examination of the U.S. classification system, and its

work with INEGI and Statistics Canada to form a new North American

system, are presented in the series of Federal Register notices listed

above, culminating in the July 5, 1996, Federal Register notice, pp.

35384-35515, that contains the full NAICS system as originally proposed

by the ECPC.

In response to the last four Federal Register notices containing

various sections of the proposed classification system, which was

summarized in the July 5, 1996, Federal Register notice, the ECPC

received approximately 400 additional comments. Each comment was

considered in preparing the revised structure that the ECPC is now

recommending for adoption. In the discussion below in the Significant

Comments or Changes section, these four Federal Register notices, as

summarized in the July 5, 1996, notice, serve as the base proposal

against which changes in response to comments are noted. The ECPC also

consulted with INEGI and Statistics Canada regarding the comments

received and discussions were held to incorporate the necessary changes

into the new system.

A significant number of comments supported the development of

NAICS, expressed the view that NAICS is a significant improvement over

the SIC system, or supported the inclusion in NAICS of specific

industries. Other comments included offers to help write the detailed

descriptions of certain industries. There were also a number of

comments remarking on the need to ensure time series comparability, in

the transition from the SIC system to NAICS.

Approximately 10 percent of the comments received requested

clarification of a concept or industry title--for example, comments

requesting further elaboration or explanation of some of the industries

proposed; interpretation of the boundaries of some of the proposed

industries; or requests for changes to titles of proposed industries.

The ECPC subcommittees are communicating with these respondents via

telephone, e-mail, or personal meetings to answer these kinds of

questions. This process will continue over the next several months.

There were only a few comments regarding the proposed coding

system. As discussed above, the NAICS codes requires additional digits

beyond the four digits used in the SIC system. The first extra digit

permits NAICS to have more than 10 sectors and to build the sector into

the coding system; the final digit permits breaking out U.S. national

industries, where it is important to do so, below the NAICS industry

level. Four comments supported a 6-digit numeric system while three

supported an alphanumeric system. Because there was no strong support

for one system over the other, because both Canada and Mexico support

the 6-digit system, and because implementing a 6-digit numeric system

is easier and less expensive for the U.S. statistical system, the ECPC

recommends the adoption of a 6-digit numeric system.

About one half of the comments received in response to the proposed

system related to requests for changes. Many of these comments asked

for additional industries to be recognized, even though these requests

were originally due on November 7, 1994. However, the ECPC did consider

such requests. About 30 percent of these requests were accepted.

Significant changes made as a result of these comments are discussed

below. Changes were also made to the proposed structure based on

further study and additional information about the proposed industries

received by the ECPC subcommittees. Still other changes are the result

of comments from Canadian and Mexican users of the new system. These

too are noted below.

There also are a number of title changes to better describe the

contents of the industries. Title changes are reflected in Table 1.

Some revisions are made to the numerical codes for industries as

published in the July 5, 1996, Federal Register notice. These changes

were made to present a more logical sequencing of the industries in the

coding system; to account for new industries and changes to industries

as a result of the Federal Register comments; and to account for the

new sector added to the structure. In addition, because there is not

three country agreement for detailed industries in some of the sectors

(construction, utilities, wholesale trade, retail trade, and public

administration), the three countries have assigned different numbers to

these sectors to signify that the industries are not comparable across

the three countries.

The ECPC received a number of comments that suggested changes to

NAICS that were not accepted. All of these suggestions were carefully

considered. Some of the suggestions were modified at the request of the

ECPC to better meet the objectives of NAICS. Others were suggestions

for products that will be considered in the future development of a

product system. Other suggestions for change could not be justified on

a production basis, or could not be implemented in statistical

programs, for a variety of reasons, and thus were not accepted. The

ECPC is currently preparing a response for each of these suggestions,

carefully explaining why they were not accepted.

Significant Comments or Changes

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting--Major industry

associations objected to moving cotton ginning from agriculture to

manufacturing. They argued that cotton ginning is not a manufacturing

process, but rather a service to the agriculture sector. The ECPC

agreed with the arguments and cotton ginning is moved to agriculture

and shown as NAICS code 115111.

The Root, Tuber, and Peanut Farming industry group is deleted

because the production process of that industry

[[Page 57009]]

group can not be easily differentiated from that of the Vegetable and

Melon Farming industry group. Potato farming is now included with

Vegetable and Melon Farming as a U.S. national industry and peanut and

sugar beet farming are U.S. national industries under Other Crop

Farming.

At the request of Mexico, poultry hatcheries and other poultry

production are elevated to NAICS five-digit industries. No change is

implied for the U.S. national industry structure. U.S. national

industries are added for Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming, and

Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming to account for those farms that

carry out a range of activities. All other combination farming will be

classified in All Other Crop Farming. These activities were not

accounted for in the original structure as published in the July 5,

1996 Federal Register notice.

Manufacturing--A number of new U.S. national industries were

created at the request of industry groups. All of these new industries

are large, production based industries that cannot be recognized

separately by either Canada or Mexico. These industries are Bottled

Water Manufacturing; Secondary Smelting, Refining and Alloying of

Copper; Nonferrous Metals (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling,

Drawing, and Extruding; Secondary Smelting, Refining and Alloying of

Nonferrous Metals (except Copper and Aluminum); Printed Circuit/

Electronics Assembly Manufacturing; and Light Truck and Utility Vehicle

Manufacturing.

NAICS industry group 3116, Meat and Seafood Product Manufacturing,

is split into two industry groups at the request of the province of

Newfoundland. The production processes for meat and seafood products

are significantly different, and the size of these industries in all

three countries allow for the creation of two industry groups as

follows: 3116, Meat Product Manufacturing, and 3117, Seafood Product

Preparation and Packaging. NAICS 3117, Bakeries and Tortilla

Manufacturing, is renumbered 3118.

U.S. NAICS 312142, Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing, is moved to NAICS

32519, Other Organic Chemical Manufacturing, and a new U.S. NAICS

industry, 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing, is established. An error

was made in placing ethyl alcohol for nonfood uses in the food

industries.

The sequencing of subsector 315, Apparel Manufacturing, is changed.

NAICS 3151 is revised to represent Apparel Knitting Mills; NAICS 3152

is Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; and NAICS 3159 is Apparel

Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing. The NAICS agreement is now

at the industry group level and comparable data will be shown by all

three countries for NAICS 3151, 3152, and 3159. The United States and

Canada, however, are establishing comparable industries below the

industry group level. These industries are: 31521, Cut and Sew Apparel

Contractors; 31522, Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing;

31523, Women's and Girls' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; and 31529,

Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing. The country-level six digit

detail for Canada and the U.S. also is comparable where possible. Since

the fabric for knit apparel garments is first knit and then may be cut

and sewn, grouping apparel knitting mills before cut and sew

manufacturers is a more logical grouping in the production process.

Mexico requested that the NAICS distinction for contractors be dropped

since that distinction was difficult for them to make, but it is

retained as shown above for Canada and the U.S.

The Wood Product Manufacturing subsector is restructured.

Specifically, NAICS 3212, Laminated Wood Product Manufacturing, is

retitled Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing

because this title better reflects terminology used within the

industry. Truss Manufacturing is moved to industry group 3212 from

industry group 3219, Other Wood Product Manufacturing. Truss

Manufacturing is now represented by U.S. NAICS code 321214. NAICS

industry group 32191, Wood Construction Product Manufacturing, is

retitled Millwork. These changes are made to reflect the new and

emerging industry of engineered wood and to more accurately reflect the

production processes used in the manufacture of trusses. The products

included in NAICS 32191, Millwork, are made from wood that is sawn and

molded into wood products such as doors, windows, flooring, etc. Truss

manufacturing is much more than just sawing and/or molding a product.

Truss manufacturing involves fabricating (including laminating) wood

into various configurations that meet certain endurance and structural

requirements. Design of the truss to meet these requirements is

extremely important. Many times metal pieces are affixed to the end.

Trusses are made more like other products included in NAICS industry

group 32121, Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product

Manufacturing, than they are like those produced in 32191, Millwork.

The ordering and title of subsector 326, Rubber and Plastics

Product Manufacturing, is changed. The new title is Plastics and Rubber

Product Manufacturing and NAICS industry group 3261 now represents

Plastics Product Manufacturing while 3262 represents Rubber Product

Manufacturing. This change was done to reflect the order in terms of

the size of the two industries.

A number of changes are made to NAICS industry group 331, Primary

Metal Manufacturing. Specifically, the title of U.S. national industry

331312, Primary Refining of Aluminum is changed to Primary Aluminum

Production. The trade association pointed out that the original title

was incorrect and should be changed. The titles for industry group 3313

and NAICS industry 33131, Smelting, Refining, Rolling, Drawing and

Extruding of Aluminum, are changed to Alumina and Aluminum Production

and Processing. This shortens the title and provides a better

description of the content of the industry group and industry. The term

alloying is added to U.S. national industries 331314, Secondary

Smelting and Refining of Aluminum; and 331413, Secondary Smelting and

Refining of Nonferrous Metals (renumbered and retitled 331492,

Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metals (except

Copper and Aluminum). The addition of the term alloying clearly

designates that the alloying activity is included in these industries.

NAICS industry groups 3326, Spring, Wire, and Turned Product

Manufacturing, and 3327, Machine Shops and Coating, Engraving, Heat

Treating and Allied Activities, are restructured to better reflect the

production process of the industries included in the industry groups.

Specifically, the trade association pointed out that the production

processes for machine shops and turned product manufacturing are

similar and often the same, using the same type of machinery. The only

difference is that machine shops usually produce on a small scale

special or ``job'' order basis, while turned product manufacturing

establishments usually produce on a large scale basis or ``mass

produce.'' Thus, turned product manufacturing should be grouped with

machine shops rather than with spring and wire product manufacturing.

Turned product manufacturing then is moved from industry group 3326 now

titled, Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing, to industry group 3327,

now titled Machine Shops, Turned Product, and Screw, Nut, and Bolt

Manufacturing.

[[Page 57010]]

NAICS industry, 33272, Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating and Allied

Activities, and the U.S. national industries 332721, Metal Heat

Treating; 332722, Metal Coating, Engraving and Allied Services to

Manufacturing (except Jewelry and Silverware); and 332723,

Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing and Coloring, are moved

to a new NAICS industry group 3328, Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating,

and Allied Activities. The NAICS industry has the same title and no

changes are made to the U.S. detail except for the following title

changes: 332822, Metal Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services to

Manufacturing (except Jewelry and Silverware).

Water coolers are moved from NAICS 33522, Major Appliance

Manufacturing, to NAICS 33341, Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning,

and Commercial Refrigeration. Water coolers are made by establishments

also producing heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and commercial

refrigeration, not major appliance manufacturers.

Writing, drawing, artists and stamp pad inks are moved from NAICS

industry 32591, Printing Ink Manufacturing, to 32599, Other

Miscellaneous Chemical Product Manufacturing (retitled All Other

Chemical Product Manufacturing). Establishments producing printing ink

do not also produce writing, drawing, artists and stamp pad inks and

the production processes are different.

To clarify the placement of some activities, toners are included in

NAICS 32599, Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product Manufacturing

(retitled All Other Chemical Product Manufacturing) while ink jet or

bubble jet inks and electrostatic inks are included in NAICS 32591,

Printing Ink Manufacturing. The manufacturing of these products is

classified according to the production process based on a study to

determine which manufacturers are making these products.

Foam products made from materials other than polystyrene and

urethane are included in NAICS 32625, Urethane Foam Product

Manufacturing, now titled Urethane and Other Foam Product (except

Polystyrene) Manufacturing. No allowance was originally made for foam

products from materials other than polystyrene and urethane.

A new NAICS industry is created for sign manufacturing. Sign

manufacturing in the NAICS structure published on July 5, 1996, was

dispersed throughout the manufacturing subsectors based on component

material. However, the trade association pointed out that sign

manufacturing is a special production process and establishments do not

specialize in sign making by type of material. Rather, they make signs

from any material based on customer specifications. Therefore, NAICS is

restructured to establish a separate sign manufacturing industry,

33995, Sign Manufacturing.

Gasket manufacturing is moved to NAICS 33999, All Other

Miscellaneous Manufacturing, and a new U.S. national industry is

created, 339991, Gasket Manufacturing. As with sign manufacturing,

NAICS originally classified gasket manufacturing according to component

material. However, further study indicates that producers of gaskets do

not specialize by type of material, but rather produce gaskets of many

materials in the same establishment. Therefore, a separate U.S.

national industry is established for gasket manufacturing.

Reconditioning of barrels and drums is moved from NAICS 332499,

Other Metal Container Manufacturing, to NAICS 81121, Heavy and

Industrial Machinery Equipment and Repair. The industry association

pointed out that the chief activity in reconditioning barrel and drum

establishments is cleaning and repainting or refinishing barrels and

drums. Used drums are obtained and cleaned using a chemical cleansing

solvent or a burning process is used to burn out impurities. The drums

are then painted or coated according to the customer's specification.

Since cleaning and repainting is the main activity of these

establishments, the activity more logically fits in the repair and

maintenance subsector.

Automotive and truck air conditioning compressors and systems

(excluding unitary systems and mechanical refrigeration equipment) is

moved from U.S. NAICS 333415, Air Conditioning and Warm Air Heating

Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment

Manufacturing, to NAICS industry 33639, Other Motor Vehicle Part

Manufacturing. A U.S. national industry, 336391, Motor Vehicle Air

Conditioning Manufacturing is added. The proposed industry is well

defined and highly specialized. The manufacture of this type of air

conditioning equipment is distinct from other kinds (residential or

industrial) due to standards required by motor vehicle manufacturers,

such as size, strength of components, environmental requirements, etc.

Classifying these motor vehicle parts in the Transportation Equipment

Manufacturing subsector is consistent with similar decisions made in

NAICS to group all transportation equipment manufacturing together.

NAICS industries and the U.S. detail under 33713, Wood Furniture

Manufacturing; 33714, Metal Furniture Manufacturing, and 33715, Other

Furniture Manufacturing, are changed. This change is made at the

request of trade associations in both Canada and the U.S. There are now

two NAICS industries for furniture. They are 33713, Wood Household

Furniture Manufacturing and 33714, Non-wood Furniture Manufacturing.

Within this structure, the U.S. will recognize the following

industries: 337131, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Counter Top Manufacturing;

337132, Upholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing; 337133,

Wood Household Furniture (except Upholstered) Manufacturing; 337134,

Wood Office Furniture Manufacturing; 337135, Custom Architectural

Woodwork and Millwork Manufacturing; and 337139, Other Wood Furniture

Manufacturing; 337141, Nonwood Office Furniture Manufacturing; 337142,

Metal Household Furniture Manufacturing; 337143, Household Furniture

(except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing; 337145, Nonwood Showcase,

Partition, Shelving, and Locker Manufacturing; and 337148, Other

Nonwood Furniture Manufacturing. In addition, the three countries

agreed that each would work towards adopting the complete structure in

the future. Also convertible sofa manufacturing is moved from NAICS

33711, Mattress Manufacturing, to 33713, Wood Furniture Manufacturing.

Convertible sofa manufacturing is not like mattress manufacturing, but

is furniture manufacturing.

Quick printing is moved from NAICS 571431 (renumbered 561431),

Photocopying and Duplicating Services, to NAICS 32311, Printing. A new

U.S. national industry, 323114, Quick Printing, is established.

Industry representatives pointed out that quick printing uses inputs,

labor skills, and capital equipment that are similar to those used in

traditional printing establishments and therefore should be classified

in the printing subsector. These establishments do, however, employ

different production processes than traditional printers and should be

classified in a separate industry within the printing subsector. Quick

printing includes any establishment that has an offset printer with a

maximum paper size less than ``18'' X ``23'' and no other

``traditional'' type printing equipment such as ``large offset,

flexographic, screen, etc.'' Also included are establishments that have

photocopy type equipment and offer prepress

[[Page 57011]]

services; and establishments that have electrostatic digital type

printers only, that primarily print text type documents. Excluded from

this industry are establishments known as copy shops, which use only

photocopy type equipment and do not offer prepress services. These

establishments remain in U.S. NAICS 561431.

A new U.S. national industry is created for Digital Printing, U.S.

NAICS 323115. Digital printing includes establishments that use a

unique process involving heavy ``front end'' or prepress processing.

Establishments in this industry use sophisticated scanning equipment

and powerful computing equipment to prepare computerized input to newly

developed digital output devices (printers). The products of this

industry are typically banners, signs, and posters that are generally

of high quality and large size. They are graphic as opposed to textual

products. This is a distinct production process that is a new and

emerging industry that should be recognized in NAICS.

U.S. NAICS industry 323111, Printing on Apparel, is combined with

323116, (renumbered 323113) Commercial Screen Printing. Industry

representatives commented that almost all printing on apparel is screen

printing and thus a separate industry for printing on apparel should

not be recognized. Printing on apparel involves the use of the same

kind of equipment (screen printing machines) and has the same highly

skilled screen plate labor, and similar raw materials.

The U.S. national industries within NAICS 32311, Printing, are

renumbered to reflect the addition of the two industries noted above

and the deletion of a separate industry for printing on apparel. The

industries are as follows: 323110, Commercial Lithographic Printing;

323111, Commercial Gravure Printing; 323112, Commercial Flexographic

Printing; 323113, Commercial Screen Printing; 323114, Quick Printing;

323115, Digital Printing; 323116, Manifold Business Form Printing;

323117, Book Printing; 323118, Blankbook, Loose-leaf Binder, and Device

Manufacturing; and 323119, Other Commercial Printing.

NAICS industries 32721, Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing, and

32722, Glass Container Manufacturing are combined. The glass container

manufacturing industry is too small to support in Canada. The U.S. will

maintain the detail as published in the July 5, 1996, Federal Register

notice under the new NAICS industry 32721, Glass and Glass Product

Manufacturing.

Retail Trade--At the request of industry associations, NAICS

industry 44823, Accessories Stores (retitled Clothing Accessories

Stores), is moved to NAICS industry group 4481, Clothing Stores

(retitled Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores). As a result of

that change, NAICS industry group 4482, Jewelry and Accessories Stores,

is retitled Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores. In addition,

the sequencing of industry groups 4482 and 4483 is changed so that 4482

now represents shoe stores and 4483, jewelry, luggage, and leather

goods stores. These changes were made to ensure that all clothing

stores are grouped together and to reflect the relative importance of

the industries within the industry group.

Transportation--In the Federal Register published on July 5, 1996,

warehousing was shown as an industry group within subsector 488,

Support Activities for Transportation. Industry associations pointed

out that warehousing is not a support activity only for transportation;

a modern warehouse provides not only storage, but other services,

including inventory control, and provides them to many using

industries. Further, they indicated that warehousing is such an

important activity in all three NAICS countries that NAICS should

reflect industries for general warehousing and storage. All three

countries agreed with this description of the warehousing industry and

the following changes are made: sector 48-49 is retitled Transportation

and Warehousing and the former industry group 4886, Storage Facilities,

is elevated to a subsector and retitled Warehousing and Storage

Facilities. U.S. national detail industries 488691, General Storage

Facilities, and 488699, All Other Storage Facilities, are elevated to

five-digit NAICS industries and retitled General Warehousing and

Storage Facilities and All Other Warehousing and Storage Facilities,

respectively. The new subsector is 493, Warehousing and Storage

Facilities.

Information--NAICS industry 51213, Teleproduction and Other Post

Production Services, is combined with NAICS 51219, Other Motion Picture

and Video Industries, and 51219 is retitled Post Production and Other

Motion Picture and Video Industries. The U.S. establishes a 6-digit

national industry 512191, Teleproduction and Other Post Production

Services, for this industry. The combination is made at the NAICS level

because the industry is not large enough in Canada to recognize as a

separate NAICS industry.

Finance and Insurance--U.S. industry group 5251, Holding Companies,

is moved to a new sector called Management of Companies and

Enterprises, NAICS 55. See the explanation of this sector below for a

description of the industries to be included in the new sector.

NAICS 52411 is expanded to include both life and health insurance

establishments. The industry 52411 is retitled Direct Life, Health, and

Medical Insurance Carriers and NAICS 52412 is retitled Direct Insurance

Carriers (except Life, Health, and Medical). The U.S. national detail

shows the following industries under each: 524111, Direct Life

Insurance Carriers; 524112, Direct Health and Medical Insurance

Carriers; 524121, Direct Property and Casualty Insurance Carriers;

524122, Direct Title Insurance Carriers; and 524129, Other Direct

Insurance Carriers (except Life, Health, and Medical). This change was

requested by Canada because of the structure of their health insurance

industry and their inability to separate life insurance carriers from

health and medical insurance carriers.

Real Estate; Rental and Leasing--A separate industry group is

created for NAICS 55122, Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers. It

becomes industry group 5512, Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers,

with one NAICS industry in that industry group, 55121, Offices of Real

Estate Agents and Brokers. NAICS 5212, Activities Related to Real

Estate, becomes industry group 5213, Activities Related to Real Estate,

with the same national detail as published in the July 5, 1996, Federal

Register notice, except for real estate agents and brokers. This change

is made to recognize the importance of this industry to real estate and

to recognize the different production process of the industry.

U.S. NAICS 531291, Title Abstract Offices, is moved to U.S. NAICS

541191, Title Abstract and Settlement Offices, in the Professional,

Scientific, and Technical Services sector under industry 56119

(renumbered 54119), Other Legal Services. Title abstract offices

provide a type of legal services and thus ``fit'' better in the legal

services industry group.

Condominium associations are moved to NAICS 81399, All Other

Organizations. Some of these organizations provide property management

services, but others do not. In the U.S., it is not possible to

separate the two types of organizations, so it was decided to place

them all in 81399.

With the changes to offices of real estate agents and brokers,

title abstract offices, and condominium associations, agreement is

reached with Canada and Mexico on the structure of the real estate

subsector at the industry group level, though not at the NAICS industry

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level. The previously published structure would not have provided

common North American data for this subsector.

U.S. NAICS industry 532212, Home and Garden Equipment Rental is

deleted. A new industry group 5323, General Rental Centers, is created

and any establishments primarily renting home and garden equipment and/

or a wide range of consumer, and commercial/industrial equipment is

included. A new NAICS industry, 53231, General Rental Centers, is also

created. Very few establishments primarily rent home and garden

equipment. Rental of these items is done either by hardware stores or

``rental centers'' that rent many different types of equipment, both

home and garden and other consumer and commercial/industrial equipment.

Therefore, the U.S. industry for home and garden equipment rental is

deleted.

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services--The sector has

been renumbered 54 from 56. This renumbering was done to provide for a

more logical sequencing of the numbers. Therefore, the first two digit

of all numbers within this subsector now are 54.

NAICS industry group 5612 (renumbered 5412) Accounting, Tax

Preparation, Bookkeeping and Payroll Services is restructured. NAICS

industries 56121, Offices of Accountants, and 56122, Tax Preparation,

Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services are deleted. U.S. national industries

561212, Offices of Accountants, Except Certified, and 561222,

Bookkeeping and Billing Services, are also deleted. It was determined

in writing descriptions for these industries that many of the

activities outlined in the tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll

services industries also were performed by accountants. A clear

distinction between the industries could not be made. Therefore, the

industry group is restructured to include only one NAICS industry

54121, Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping and Payroll Services.

Four national industries are included in this NAICS industry as

follows: 541211, Offices of Certified Public Accountants; 541212, Tax

Preparation Services; 541213, Payroll Services; and 541219, Other

Accounting Services.

NAICS industry group 5613 (renumbered 5413), Architectural,

Engineering, and Related Services, is reordered to include NAICS 56135

(renumbered 54132), Landscape Architectural Services, after 56131

(renumbered 54131), Architectural Services. Industry groups pointed out

that landscape architecture firms perform design services comparable to

architectural and engineering firms and grouping them in sequence

reflects the similarities in process among them. Industry group 5413 is

structured as follows: 54131, Architectural Services; 54132, Landscape

Architectural Services; 54133, Engineering Services; 54134, Drafting

Services; 54135, Building Inspection Services; 54136 Geophysical

Surveying and Mapping Services; 54137, Survey and Mapping (except

Geophysical) Services; and 54138, Testing Laboratories.

U.S. NAICS industries 561491, Land Use Planners Services, and

561499, All Other Design Services, are deleted. Land use planning

services are now included with 54132, Landscape Architectural Services.

It was pointed out by an industry association that there are not

specialized establishments providing land use planning services;

rather, this is an activity normally carried out by landscape

architects. That activity is therefore included with NAICS 54132,

Landscape Architectural Services.

Management of Companies and Enterprises--A new sector is created

that includes holding companies and corporate, subsidiary, and regional

managing offices. All of these establishments are engaged in the

management of large, multiple establishment companies and do not fit

logically into the structure of any of the other NAICS sectors. Within

the new sector the U.S. will recognize three national industries

551111, Bank Holding Companies; 551112, Other Holding Companies; and

551113, Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices. The three

countries recognized that holding companies are economic entities with

employees and receipts that should be recognized in NAICS and not

included in the U.S. only subsector 525, Funds, Trusts, and Other

Financial Vehicles. See the section on auxiliaries below for a full

description of the corporate, subsidiary, and regional managing office

industry.

Management, Support, Waste Management, and Remediation Services--

The sector is renumbered 56 from 57. This renumbering was done to

provide for a more logical sequencing of the numbers and to accommodate

the new sector described above. Therefore, the first two digits of all

numbers within this subsector now are 56. The sector is also retitled

Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services

to distinguish it from the new sector Management of Companies and

Enterprises.

Farm management and construction management are moved to the

agriculture and construction sectors, respectively. The activities

carried out in these establishments require specialized knowledge of

the agriculture and construction industries and are not in any way like

the activities in NAICS 57111, Management Services (now renumbered and

retitled 56111, Office Administrative Services), where they were

originally classified. New NAICS 56111, Office Administrative Services,

now includes only those establishments that are primarily engaged in

providing office administrative services, a much more homogeneous

grouping.

U.S. national industries 571731, Lawn and Garden Services, and

571732, Ornamental Shrub and Tree Services, are deleted. There is no

clear distinction between the activities of the establishments included

in these industries since many establishments that care for shrubs and

trees also provide lawn and garden services. It is also true that

establishments that provide lawn services care for shrubs and trees.

A question was raised by an industry group on the placement of

landscape installation services. That activity is included in NAICS

57172 (renumbered 56172), Landscape Care and Maintenance, which is

retitled Landscape Services.

NAICS industry 57112, Facilities Support Management, is elevated to

an industry group. This is a U.S. only activity and is very different

from the activities included in NAICS 57111 (renumbered 56111),

Management Services (retitled Office Administrative Services), with

which facilities support management was grouped. The new industry group

and industry are 5612, Facilities Support Services, and 56121,

Facilities Support Services.

Educational Services--U.S. NAICS industry 611512, Vocational and

Technical Schools, is combined with U.S. NAICS industry 611519, Other

Technical and Trade Schools. No distinction can be made between these

two industries so they are combined.

The comparability among the three countries for NAICS 6111,

Elementary and Secondary Schools, is at this industry group level.

Mexico needs additional industries that can only be accommodated if

NAICS comparability is at the industry group level. This does not

affect the U.S. structure.

Health Care and Social Assistance--U.S. NAICS industry 621611, Home

Health Agencies, is combined with U.S. NAICS industry 621619, Other

Home Health Care Services. No distinction

[[Page 57013]]

between these two industries can be made so they are combined.

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation--NAICS industry group 7131,

Operators of Sports and Recreation Facilities, is deleted and those

NAICS industries formerly included in this industry group are move to

NAICS industry group 7139 retitled Other Amusement and Recreation

Industries. The following NAICS industries are included under that

industry group: 71391, Golf Courses and Country Clubs; 71392, Skiing

Facilities; 71393, Marinas; 71394, Fitness and Recreational Sports

Centers; 71395, Bowling Centers; and 71399, All Other Amusement and

Recreation Industries. NAICS 7132, Amusement Facilities, is renumbered

7131 and retitled Amusement Parks and Arcades. Establishments providing

coin-operated amusement devices are now in 71399, All Other Amusement

and Recreation Industries. An industry group pointed out that the

production processes of amusement parks and arcades is much different

from that of those establishments only providing coin-operated

amusement devices for use by amusement parks and arcades. NAICS

industries in 7131 are 71311, Amusement and Theme Parks, and 71312,

Amusement Arcades. NAICS 7133, Gambling Industries, is renumbered 7132.

The industries in 7132 remain the same but are renumbered 71321,

Casinos (except Hotel Casinos), and 71322, Other Gambling Industries.

Accommodation and Food Services--NAICS industry 72222, Refreshment

Places, is deleted. Therefore, this NAICS industry will be shown as

U.S. national industry 722213, Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars.

Neither Mexico nor Canada could support this as a NAICS industry, but

U.S. comments indicated that snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars are

an important industry that should be recognized in the U.S.

Other Services, Except Public Administration--U.S. NAICS industry

811211, Transportation Equipment Repair and Maintenance, is combined

with U.S. industry 811212, Other Industrial Machinery and Equipment

Repair and Maintenance (renumbered and retitled 81131, Commercial and

Industrial (except Automotive and Electronic) Machinery and Equipment

Repair and Maintenance). There are very few establishments primarily

engaged in repairing and maintaining transportation equipment (except

automotive) since most of the repairs are done at the factory or by the

establishment that owns and uses the equipment. Therefore, this

industry is too small to recognize separately and is combined with

other industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance. The

sequencing of NAICS industry groups 8112, Heavy and Industrial

Machinery and Equipment Repair and Maintenance (retitled Commercial and

Industrial (except Automotive and Electronic) Machinery and Equipment

Repair and Maintenance), and 8113, Electronic and Precision Equipment

Repair and Maintenance, is changed. NAICS 8112 now represents

Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance and 8113 is

Commercial and Industrial (except Automotive and Electronic) Machinery

and Equipment Repair and Maintenance.

U.S. NAICS industries 813411, Civic and Social Organizations with

Restaurants and Bars, and 813412, Civic and Social Organizations

without Restaurants and Bars, are combined. These establishments are

small and difficult to classify.

Auxiliaries

In the 1987 SIC, auxiliary units, defined as those units that

primarily produce support services not intended for use outside the

enterprise, are classified to industries based on the industry

classification of the establishments they serve--not the auxiliaries'

primary activity. However, establishments that produce goods for use by

other units of the same enterprise are classified based on what they

do, not whom they serve. The traditional treatment of auxiliary units

implies that captive services producing establishments should be

treated differently from captive goods producing units. For example, a

computer services establishment of an automobile producer that performs

services for its automobile assembly plants is classified in the

automobile industry. However, if the automobile producer has a captive

automotive hose and belting establishment, that establishment is

classified into the rubber and plastic hose and belting industry, and

not into the automobile assembly industry.

As production activities have become more diverse, complex, and

integrated, the classification of auxiliary operations has taken on

more and more qualifiers and it has become increasingly difficult to

discern to which using industry the auxiliary establishment should be

coded. In a multi-national conglomerate, a ``central office'' may serve

a variety of establishments, each classified to a different industry.

In addition, the type of personnel employed and the service performed

are generic and can transfer from servicing a manufacturing operation,

to a retailer, to a government operation with little or no conversion

costs. The geographic locations of central management units tend to be

similar, usually appearing in or near large cities, and unrelated to

the location of the activity serviced. As a result, for example, users

of the U.S. economic censuses are typically surprised to find mining

industry employment in Washington, D.C., which has no mining activity.

Another recent phenomenon that has complicated the treatment of

auxiliaries is the practice of many auxiliaries of selling their

services to establishments outside the enterprise after their

intracompany responsibilities are met. For example, in the 1987

Economic Censuses, auxiliaries had $64 billion of receipts from

customers outside the parent company. By 1992, that amount had grown to

$141 billion, making these support establishments one of the fastest

growing services providers in the economy. And yet, these dollars are

not being shown in most industry series.

There are also inconsistencies in industry data published by the

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Census Bureau, much of which

is due to the treatment of auxiliaries. The BLS publishes wage and

employment information by 1987 SIC for all industries, excluding

agriculture and public administration. These data include industry

statistics for both operating and auxiliary establishments classified

to a 4-digit industry. The Census Bureau, on the other hand, which

publishes receipts and expenditures information by 1987 SIC for

industries excluding agricultural services, railroads, and public

administration does not always include auxiliary establishments. In

addition, Census does not classify auxiliaries down to the 4-digit

industry level.

As a result of the difficulties in classifying auxiliaries,

substantial differences exist in BLS and Census data. For example, in

manufacturing, Census reports show more than a half million more

workers in auxiliaries than does BLS. For Finance, Insurance, and Real

Estate, and Services, on the other hand, BLS counts of auxiliary

employment exceeds Census'.

These same differences and more exist in the treatment of

auxiliaries among the three countries. A more complete explanation of

the treatment of auxiliaries in the three countries and the problems

created in industrial statistics by the past treatment of auxiliaries

is contained in a paper ``The Treatment of Auxiliary Establishments in

Industry Classification Systems,'' by Paula Young and Jack Triplett of

the Bureau of

[[Page 57014]]

Economic Analysis. A copy of that paper can be obtained by calling

(202) 606-9615 or through the Internet (please see the Electronic

Availability section, above).

Because of the many problems and complexities in the treatment and

coding of auxiliaries, it was necessary to develop a principle about

auxiliaries that would provide for more consistent treatment of these

activities, both within the United States and among the three

countries. The following statement, with respect to captive units

(auxiliaries) was agreed upon by the statistical agencies of the three

countries: ``The three countries agree that, in accordance with the

production-oriented conceptual framework for NAICS, those units that

carry out captive activities for the enterprise to which they belong

shall be classified to the extent feasible according to the NAICS code

related to their own activity, as well as, if possible, to that of the

enterprise they support.''

This means that in the 1997 Economic Censuses auxiliary units will

be included in the industry which describes the primary activity in

which they are engaged. Warehouses that provide storage facilities for

their own enterprise will be classified as a warehouse, and not as an

automobile assembly plant (if that is the primary unit they serve). For

1997, the Bureau of the Census will code these establishments to both

their own activity and to the primary activity they serve so that links

can be made to prior census data.

This change will result in significant shifts in employment data.

In 1992, Census data showed over 1,000,000 auxiliary employees assigned

to manufacturing and over 840,000 auxiliary employees assigned to

retail trade. These employees will most likely move to either the

Management of Companies and Enterprises sector; the Warehousing and

Storage subsector; the Computer Systems Design and Related Services

subsector; the Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping and Payroll

Services subsector; or some other services related subsector.

Time Series Continuity

The standard approach to preserving time series continuity after

classification revisions is to create linkages where the series break.

This is accomplished by producing the data series using both the old

and new classifications for a given period of transition. With the dual

classifications of data, the full impact of the revision can be

assessed. Data producers then may measure the reallocation of the data

at aggregate industry levels and develop a concordance between the new

and old series for that given point in time. The concordance creates a

crosswalk between the old and new classification systems. Links between

the 1987 U.S. SIC and NAICS (with U.S. national detail) are being

planned by statistical agencies in the U.S.

ECPC Recommendations for the Hierarchical Structure, Industries,

and Coding System for the 1997 NAICS

Table 1 below presents the ECPC final recommendations for the

entire structure of the proposed classification system for the United

States including both NAICS and non-NAICS industries. It shows the

proposed 1997 hierarchy, including NAICS and U.S. national detail

industries, and the proposed coding system in 1997 NAICS sequence and

relates the 1997 NAICS to the 1987 SIC. All ECPC recommended changes to

the structure based on public comment and discussions with INEGI and

Statistics Canada are included in Tables 1 and 2. Table 2 is in 1987

SIC sequence and relates the 1987 SIC to the 1997 NAICS.

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[FR Doc. 96-28087 Filed 11-4-96; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3110-01-C