Protection of Stratospheric Ozone

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 82

[FRL-5418-3]

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.

ACTION: Notice of acceptability and clarification of June 13, 1995

final rule.

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SUMMARY: This notice expands the list of acceptable substitutes for

ozone-depleting substances (ODS) under the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP)

program. SNAP implements section 612 of the amended Clean Air Act of

1990, which requires EPA to evaluate substitutes for the OZONE-

DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODS), and regulate the use of substitutes where

other alternatives exist that reduce overall risk to human health and

the environment. Through these evaluations, SNAP generates lists of

acceptable and unacceptable substitutes for each of the major

industrial use sectors. In addition, this Notice clarifies several

points from the June 13, 1995 final rule (60 FR 31092).

On March 18, 1994, EPA promulgated its plan for administering the

SNAP program, and issued decisions on the acceptability and

unacceptability of a number of substitutes (59 FR 13044). In today's

Notice, EPA issues decisions on the acceptability of substitutes not

previously reviewed by the Agency. The intended effect of this action

is to expedite movement away from ozone depleting compounds. To arrive

at determinations on the acceptability of substitutes, the Agency

completed a cross-media sector end-use screening assessment of risks to

human health and the environment.

EFFECTIVE DATE: February 8, 1996.

ADDRESSES: Information relevant to this notice is contained in Air

Docket A-91-42, Central Docket Section, South Conference Room 4, U.S.

Environmental Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460.

Telephone: (202) 260-7548. The docket may be inspected between 8 a.m.

and 5:30 p.m. weekdays. As provided in 40 CFR part 2, a reasonable fee

may be charged for photocopying.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jeffrey Levy at (202) 233-9727 or fax

(202) 233-9577, U.S. EPA, Stratospheric Protection Division, 401 M

Street, SW., Mail Code 6205J, Washington, DC 20460; EPA Stratospheric

Ozone Protection Hotline at (800) 296-1996; EPA World Wide Web Site at

http://www.epa.gov/docs/ozone/title6/SNAP/snap.html.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements

B. Regulatory History

II. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning: Substitutes for Class I

Substances

B. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning: Substitutes for Class II

Substances

C. Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection

III. Substitutes Pending Review

IV. Additional Information

Appendix A Summary of Acceptable and Pending Decisions

I. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements

Section 612 of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to develop a

program for evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA

is referring to this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy

(SNAP) program. The major provisions of section 612 are:

Rulemaking--Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate

rules making it unlawful to replace any class I (chlorofluorocarbon,

halon, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, and

hydrobromofluorocarbon) or class II (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) substance

with any substitute that the Administrator determines may present

adverse effects to human health or the environment where the

Administrator has identified an alternative that (1) reduces the

overall risk to human health and the environment, and (2) is currently

or potentially available.

Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes--Section

612(c) also requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes

unacceptable for specific uses. EPA must publish a corresponding list

of acceptable alternatives for specific uses.

Petition Process--Section 612(d) grants the right to any

person to petition EPA to add a substance to or delete a substance from

the lists published in accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has

90 days to grant or deny a petition. Where the Agency grants the

petition, EPA must publish the revised lists within an additional 6

months.

90-day Notification--Section 612(e) requires EPA to

require any person who produces a chemical substitute for a class I

substance to notify the Agency not less than 90 days before new or

existing chemicals are introduced into interstate commerce for

significant new uses as substitutes for a class I substance. The

producer must also provide the Agency with the producer's unpublished

health and safety studies on such substitutes.

Outreach--Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator

shall seek to maximize the use of federal research facilities and

resources to assist users of class I and II substances in identifying

and developing alternatives to the use of such substances in key

commercial applications.

Clearinghouse--Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to

set up a public clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product

substitutes, and alternative manufacturing processes that are available

for products and manufacturing processes which use class I and II

substances.

B. Regulatory History

On March 18, 1994, EPA published the Final Rulemaking (FRM) (59 FR

13044) which described the process for administering the SNAP program

and issued EPA's first acceptability lists for substitutes in the major

industrial use sectors. These sectors include: refrigeration and air

conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; fire suppression and

explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and

inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors compose the principal

industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of

ozone-depleting compounds.

As described in the final rule for the SNAP program (59 FR 13044),

EPA does not believe that rulemaking procedures are required to list

alternatives as acceptable with no limitations. Such listings do not

impose any sanction, nor do they remove any prior license to use a

substance. Consequently, EPA is adding substances to the list of

acceptable alternatives without first requesting comment on new

listings.

EPA does, however, believe that notice-and-comment rulemaking is

required to place any substance on the list of prohibited substitutes,

to list a substance as acceptable only under certain conditions, to

list substances as acceptable only for certain uses, or to remove a

substance from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes.

Updates to these lists are published as separate notices of rulemaking

in the Federal Register.

The Agency defines a ``substitute'' as any chemical, product

substitute, or

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alternative manufacturing process, whether existing or new, that could

replace a class I or class II substance. Anyone who produces a

substitute must provide the Agency with health and safety studies on

the substitute at least 90 days before introducing it into interstate

commerce for significant new use as an alternative. This requirement

applies to substitute manufacturers, but may include importers,

formulators or end-users, when they are responsible for introducing a

substitute into commerce.

EPA published Notices listing acceptable alternatives on August 26,

1994 (59 FR 44240), January 13, 1995 (60 FR 3318), and July 28, 1995

(60 FR 38729), and published a Final Rulemaking restricting the use of

certain substitutes on June 13, 1995 (60 FR 31092). EPA also published

a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking restricting the use of certain

substitutes on October 2, 1995 (60 FR 51383).

II. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes

This section presents EPA's most recent acceptable listing

decisions for substitutes for class I and class II substances in the

following industrial sectors: refrigeration and air conditioning, foam

blowing, and fire suppression and explosion protection. In this Notice,

EPA has split the refrigeration and air conditioning sector into two

parts: Substitutes for class I substances and substitutes for class II

substances. These decisions represent substitutes not previously

reviewed and add to the lists of acceptable substitutes under SNAP. For

copies of the full list, contact the EPA Stratospheric Protection

Hotline at (800) 296-1996.

Parts A through D below present a detailed discussion of the

substitute listing determinations by major use sector. Tables

summarizing today's listing decisions are in Appendix A. The comments

contained in Appendix A provide additional information on a substitute,

but like the listings of acceptable substitutes, they are not legally

binding. Thus, adherence to recommendations in the comments are not

mandatory for use of a substitute. In addition, the comments should not

be considered comprehensive with respect to other legal obligations

pertaining to the use of the substitute. However, EPA encourages users

of acceptable substitutes to apply all comments to their use of these

substitutes. In many instances, the comments simply allude to sound

operating practices that have already been identified in existing

industry and/or building-code standards. Thus, many of the comments, if

adopted, would not require significant changes in existing operating

practices for the affected industry.

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Please refer to the final SNAP rule for detailed information

pertaining to the designation of end-uses, additional requirements

imposed under sections 608 and 609, and other information related to

the use of alternative refrigerant.

1. Clarifications From the June 13, 1995 Final Rule

HCFC Blend Beta was listed as containing HFC-134a, HCFC-124, and

isobutane. In fact, according to the submission on file with EPA, this

blend contains butane. The determination that this blend is acceptable

subject to certain use conditions applied to the actual blend, not to

the incorrectly listed one.

In the tables listing unacceptable substitutes for CFC-12 in motor

vehicle air conditioning, a definition for the category ``Flammable

Substitutes'' was inadvertently omitted. As discussed in the preamble,

it should have included the phrase ``as having flammability limits as

measured according to ASTM E-681 with modifications included in Society

of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J1657, including blends

which become flammable during fractionation.'' In addition, EPA clearly

does not intend to constrain future findings. Thus, the table should

have included a statement that this category does not include

substitutes discussed explicitly in other rulings.

2. Other Clarification

EPA has received inquiries as to the point at which a blend is

sufficiently different from an already reviewed substitute as to

require a new submission. EPA generally follows similar guidelines used

by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning

Engineers (ASHRAE). When new blends are submitted to ASHRAE for

classification, the manufacturer must specify blending tolerances. Any

blend that falls outside those tolerances is defined to be a distinct

refrigerant. EPA requires leak testing of blends to determine whether

they can become flammable after fractionation. The percentage of

flammable components in a blend are usually quite close to the maximum

possible for the blend as a whole to remain nonflammable. Even an

increase of 1% of a flammable component may change the flammability of

the blend. Therefore, blending tolerances are smaller for flammable

components than for nonflammable components. Companies should determine

blending tolerances. If the outside range of those tolerances could

result in a different flammability or toxicity profile, then the blend

will require a new submission. EPA encourages manufacturers to contact

the SNAP refrigerants analyst for assistance in making this

determination.

3. Acceptable Substitutes

a. R-508. R-508, which contains HFC-23 and R-116, is acceptable as

a substitute for CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 in retrofitted and new very

low temperature refrigeration. Both components of this blend exhibit

extremely high GWPS and long lifetimes. HFC-23 has a GWP of 9,000 and a

lifetime of 280 years, and R-116, perfluoroethane, has a GWP of 9,000

and a lifetime of 10,000 years. EPA believes this blend could

significantly contribute to global warming if allowed to escape

refrigeration systems. In addition, the long lifetimes of R-116 and

HFC-23 mean any global warming or other effects would be essentially

irreversible. Note that the prohibition on venting, which applies to

all substitute refrigerants, was mandated in section 608(c)(2) and took

effect on November 15, 1995. While the current rule issued under

section 608 of the CAA (58 FR 28660) does not specify recycling or leak

repair requirements, it is illegal to vent this refrigerant at any

time. In addition, EPA anticipates proposing new recycling regulations

for non-ozone-depleting refrigerants in the near future. A fact sheet

on the proposal is available from the EPA Ozone Hotline at (800) 296-

1996. This blend is nonflammable and does not deplete ozone. EPA urges

manufacturers to develop alternatives for R-503 and CFC-13 that do not

contain substances with such high GWPS and long lifetimes.

b. R-411A and R-411B. R-411A and R-411B, which consist of HCFC-22,

HFC-152a, and propylene, are acceptable as substitutes for CFC-12 and

R-502 in the following end-uses:

Reciprocating Chillers

Industrial Process Refrigeration

Cold Storage Warehouses

Refrigerated Transport

Retail Food Refrigeration

Commercial Ice Machines

Vending Machines

Water Coolers

HCFC-22 contributes to ozone depletion, but to a much lesser degree

than CFC-12. Regulations regarding recycling and reclamation issued

under section 608 of the Clean Air Act apply to this blend (58 FR

28660). This blend

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poses less of a threat to the ozone layer than HCFC-22, which has

already been listed as an acceptable substitute for CFC-12. The GWP of

HCFC-22 is somewhat high, but the GWP of HFC-152a is low. Although

propylene and HFC-152a are flammable, R-411A and R-411B have been

designated as A1/A2 refrigerants by the American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). This

designation means that the blend as formulated is nonflammable, but can

become flammable under worst-case fractionation. However, over 75% of

R-411A and 95% of R-411B must leak from the vapor phase before becoming

flammable. Leaks from the liquid phase do not become flammable,

regardless of the amount leaked.

c. HCFC Blend Beta. HCFC Blend Beta, which consists of HCFC-124, HFC-

134a, and butane, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-12 in the

following new and retrofitted end-uses:

Reciprocating Chillers

Industrial Process Refrigeration

Cold Storage Warehouses

Refrigerated Transport

Retail Food Refrigeration

Vending Machines

Water Coolers

Commercial Ice Machines

Household Refrigerators

Household Freezers

Residential Dehumidifiers

This blend contains HCFC-124. Therefore, it contributes to ozone

depletion, but to a much lesser degree than CFC-12. HCFC-124 has an ODP

much lower than that of HCFC-22, which has already been listed as an

acceptable substitute for CFC-12. Regulations regarding recycling and

reclamation issued under section 60 of the Clean Air Act (58 FR 28660)

apply to this blend. The GWPS of the components are moderate to low.

This blend is nonflammable, and leak testing has demonstrated that the

blend never becomes flammable.

d. HCFC Blend Delta. HCFC Blend Delta is acceptable as a substitute

for CFC-12 in retrofitted household refrigerators and freezers. The

composition of this blend has been claimed confidential by the

manufacturer. This blend contains at least one HCFC, and therefore

contributes to ozone depletion, but to a much lesser degree than CFC-

12. Regulations regarding recycling and reclamation issued under

section 608 of the Clean Air Act apply to this blend (58 FR 28660). The

GWPS of the components are moderate to low. This blend is nonflammable,

and leak testing has demonstrated that the blend never becomes

flammable.

e. HCFC Blend Lambda. HCFC Blend Lambda, which consists of HCFC-22,

HCFC-142b, and isobutane, is acceptable as a substitute for R-500 in

retrofitted centrifugal chillers and as a substitute for CFC-12 in the

following new and retrofitted end-uses:

Reciprocating Chillers

Industrial Process Refrigeration

Cold Storage Warehouses

Refrigerated Transport

Retail Food Refrigeration

Vending Machines

Water Coolers

Commercial Ice Machines

Household Refrigerators

Household Freezers

Residential Dehumidifiers

HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b contribute to ozone depletion, but to a much

lesser degree than CFC-12. Regulations regarding recycling and

reclamation issued under section 608 of the Clean Air Act apply to this

blend (58 FR 28660). HCFC-142b has an ODP slightly higher than that of

HCFC-22. The GWPS of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b are somewhat high. Although

HCFC-142b is flammable, the blend is not. Under massive leakage, this

blend becomes weakly flammable. However, this blend contains more HCFC-

22 and less of the two flammable components than R-406A, and therefore

should be at least as safe to use as R-406A. However, users should note

that operating pressures will be higher than when using R-406A, so its

use may not be appropriate in the same types of equipment.

f. HFC-236fa. HFC-236fa, when manufactured using any process that

does not convert perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) directly to HFC-236fa in a

single step, is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-114 in centrifugal

chillers. HFC-236fa does not harm the ozone layer because it does not

contain chlorine. HFC-236fa has an extremely high 100-year GWP of 8000,

but its lifetime is considerably shorter than that of perfluorocarbons.

Although HCFC-124 is already listed as acceptable in this end-use, it

produces toxic byproducts when it passes through air purification

systems on submarines. Therefore, HCFC-124 is not a feasible

alternative. HFC-236fa is the only alternative identified to date that

is safe for the ozone layer, is low in toxicity, and can withstand the

air purification process. Note that the prohibition on venting, which

applies to all substitute refrigerants, was mandated in section

608(c)(2) and took effect on November 15, 1995. While the current rule

issued under section 608 of the CAA (58 FR 28660) does not specify

recycling or leak repair requirements, it is illegal to vent this

refrigerant at any time. In addition, EPA anticipates proposing new

recycling regulations for non-ozone-depleting refrigerants in the near

future. A fact sheet on the proposal is available from the EPA Ozone

Hotline at (800) 296-1996.

In the March 18, 1994 final SNAP rule (58 FR 13044), EPA required

manufacturers to submit information on manufacturing processes to allow

an assessment of the risks posed to the general public and workers.

However, EPA clarified in that action that acceptability determinations

made on the basis of one company's submission would apply to the same

chemical produced by other manufacturers, obviating the need for

duplicative reporting requirements and review. To date, despite the

fact that some alternatives are manufactured by several companies, no

process has been identified as significantly more hazardous than

another. Therefore, EPA has not yet based SNAP decisions specifically

on the manufacturing process.

EPA is aware, however, of several methods for manufacturing HFC-

236fa, including one that produces HFC-236fa directly from PFIB. PFIB

is an extremely toxic substance that could pose risks in very small

concentrations. Thus, EPA believes it is appropriate to distinguish

among the different methods for producing HFC-236fa. This acceptability

determination does not prohibit the manufacture of HFC-236fa directly

from PFIB. Rather, it finds acceptable the production of HFC-236fa in

processes that do not convert PFIB directly to HFC-236fa in a single

step. If a manufacturer wishes to produce HFC-236fa directly from PFIB,

it must submit that process to EPA for review under SNAP.

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning: Substitutes for Class II

Substances

Please refer to the March 18, 1994 SNAP rule (59 FR 13044) for

detailed information pertaining to the designation of end-uses,

additional requirements imposed under sections 608 and 609, and other

information related to the use of alternative refrigerants.

This Notice marks the first time EPA has addressed substitutes for

HCFC-22 in the refrigeration and air conditioning sector. Although the

substitutes listed below were intended specifically to replace HCFC-22,

HCFC-22 is itself frequently used as a substitute for class I

refrigerants (e.g, CFC-11 and CFC-12).

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Therefore, the listings below also describe these HCFC-22

substitutes as acceptable alternatives for class I refrigerants in new

equipment. The underlying reasoning is that if, for instance, HCFC-22

poses lower overall risk than CFC-12, and R-410A poses lower overall

risk than HCFC-22, then R-410A must also pose lower overall risk than

CFC-12. Therefore, even though R-410A isn't designed to be a direct

replacement for CFC-12, in new equipment it may be appropriate to

design for R-410A rather than for another CFC-12 substitute. As with

all listings, however, engineering decisions are required to determine

the best match between a given class I refrigerant and an alternative.

1. Acceptable

a. R-410A and R-410B. R-410A and R-410B, which consist of HFC-32

and HFC-125, are acceptable as substitutes for HCFC-22, and by

extension, class I refrigerants, in equipment in the following new end-

uses:

Centrifugal, Reciprocating, and Screw Chillers

Industrial Process Refrigeration Systems

Very-Low-Temperature Industrial Process Refrigeration

Industrial Process Air Conditioning

Ice Skating Rinks

Refrigerated Transport

Retail Food Refrigeration

Cold Storage Warehouses

Vending Machines

Water Coolers

Commercial Ice Machines

Household Refrigerators and Freezers

Residential Dehumidifiers

Household and Light Commercial Air Conditioning

Both R-410A and R-410B contain HFC-32 and HFC-125 but in slightly

different compositions. Neither blend is flammable when used in these

end uses while maintaining as-formulated composition nor after leak

conditions. Leak testing has demonstrated that their compositions do

not become flammable under any of the conditions found in these end

uses. However, since both blends include HFC-32, which is flammable by

itself, they should not be mixed with high concentrations of air above

atmospheric pressures to minimize the risk of ignition. HFC-125

exhibits a fairly high global warming potential (3,200 at 100 year

integrated time horizon) compared to other HFCs and HCFC-22. However,

its potential for contributing to global warming will be delayed in the

listed end uses through the implementation of the venting prohibition

under Section 608(c)(2) of the Clean Air Act Amendments. Note that the

prohibition on venting, which applies to all substitute refrigerants,

was mandated in section 608(c)(2) and took effect on November 15, 1995.

While the current rule issued under section 608 of the CAA (58 FR

28660) does not specify recycling or leak repair requirements, it is

illegal to vent this refrigerant at any time. In addition, EPA

anticipates proposing new recycling regulations for non-ozone-depleting

refrigerants in the near future. A fact sheet on the proposal is

available from the EPA Ozone Hotline at (800) 296-1996. R-410A and R-

410B do not contain ozone-depleting substances, they are low in

toxicity, and none of their components is regulated as a volatile

organic compound.

b. R-407C. R-407C, which is a blend of HFC-32, HFC-134a and HFC-

125, is acceptable as a substitute for HCFC-22 in new and retrofit

equipment, and by extension, as a substitute for class I refrigerants

in new equipment, in the following end-uses:

Centrifugal, Reciprocating, and Screw Chillers

Industrial Process Refrigeration

Very Low Temperature Industrial Process Refrigeration

Ice Skating Rinks

Refrigerated Transport

Retail Food Refrigeration Systems

Cold Storage Warehouses

Vending Machines

Water Coolers

Commercial Ice Machines

Household Refrigerators and Freezers

Residential Dehumidifiers

Household and Light Commercial Air Conditioning

This blend is not flammable when used in these end uses while

maintaining as-formulated composition or after leak conditions. Leak

testing has demonstrated that its composition, or composition

variations due to fractionation, does not make it flammable under any

of the conditions found in these end uses. This blend includes HFC-32

and HFC-125, therefore the above discussion of these two substances as

part of R-410A and R-410B is applicable. Again, EPA urges users to

reduce leakage and recover and recycle this blend during equipment

servicing and upon the retirement of equipment. R-407C doesn't damage

the ozone layer, it is low in toxicity, and none of its components is

regulated as a volatile organic compound. Note that the prohibition on

venting, which applies to all substitute refrigerants, was mandated in

section 608(c)(2) and took effect on November 15, 1995. While the

current rule issued under section 608 of the CAA (58 FR 28660) does not

specify recycling or leak repair requirements, it is illegal to vent

this refrigerant at any time. In addition, EPA anticipates proposing

new recycling regulations for non-ozone-depleting refrigerants in the

near future. A fact sheet on the proposal is available from the EPA

Ozone Hotline at (800) 296-1996.

c. HFC-134a. HFC-134a is acceptable as a substitute for HCFC-22 in

new Household and Light Commercial Air Conditioning. HFC-134a exhibits

a moderate to high global warming potential (1,300 at 100 year

integrated time horizon) compared to other HFCS. Although much lower

than HFC-125, uncontrolled emissions could have a significant impact on

global warming. Therefore, the above guidance on controlling leaks and

recycling, particularly during disposal, are applicable to HFC-134A in

this end use. HFC-134a does not damage the ozone layer, it is very low

in toxicity, and it is not regulated as a volatile organic compound.

Note that the prohibition on venting, which applies to all substitute

refrigerants, was mandated in section 608(c)(2) and took effect on

November 15, 1995. While the current rule issued under section 608 of

the CAA (58 FR 28660) does not specify recycling or leak repair

requirements, it is illegal to vent this refrigerant at any time. In

addition, EPA anticipates proposing new recycling regulations for non-

ozone-depleting refrigerants in the near future. A fact sheet on the

proposal is available from the EPA Ozone Hotline.

B. Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection

1. Acceptable

a. Total Flooding Agents. (1) [Powdered Aerosol] C is acceptable

for use in normally unoccupied areas. This agent is intended solely for

use in normally unoccupied areas and thus it does not represent a

significant threat to worker safety or health. Use conditions to limit

the risk of inadvertent exposure to personnel in normally unoccupied

areas may be included in future rulemakings.

III. Substitutes Pending Review

The Agency describes submissions as pending if data are incomplete

or for which the 90-day review period is underway and EPA has not yet

reached a final decision. For submissions that are incomplete, the

Agency will contact the submitter to determine a schedule for providing

the missing information if the Agency needs to extend the 90-day review

period. EPA will use its authority under section 114 of the Clean Air

Act to gather this information, if

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necessary. Any delay of the review period does not affect a

manufacturer's ability to sell a product 90 days after notification of

the Agency. Substitutes currently pending completion of review are

listed in Appendix A.

IV. Additional Information

Contact the Stratospheric Protection Hotline at 1-800-296-1996,

Monday-Friday, between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. (Eastern

Standard Time) weekdays.

For more information on the Agency's process for administering the

SNAP program or criteria for evaluation of substitutes, refer to the

SNAP final rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March 18,

1994 (59 FR 13044). Federal Register notices can be ordered from the

Government Printing Office Order Desk (202) 783-3238; the citation is

the date of publication. This Notice can also be retrieved

electronically from EPA's Technology Transfer Network (TTN), Clean Air

Act Amendment Bulletin Board. If you have a 1200 or 2400 bps modem,

dial (919) 541-5742. If you have a 9600 bps modem, dial (919) 541-1447.

For assistance in accessing this service, call (919) 541-5384. Finally,

this notice may be obtained on the World Wide Web at http://

www.epa.gov/docs/ozone/title6/snap/snap.html.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,

Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Dated: December 19, 1995.

Mary D. Nichols,

Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation.

Note: The following Appendix will not appear in the Code of

Federal Regulations.

Appendix A: Summary of Acceptable and Pending Decisions

[Refrigerants--Class I Acceptable Substitutes]

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End-Use Substitute Decision Comments

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CFC-12 and R-500 Reciprocating R-411A................. Acceptable............. This blend contains the

Chillers; CFC-12 and R-502 R-411B................. Acceptable............. same components as R-

Industrial Process Refrigeration, HCFC blend Beta........ Acceptable............. 406A, but in different

Cold Storage Warehouses, HCFC Blend Lambda...... Acceptable............. percentages.

Refrigerated Transport, Retail Food

Refrigeration, Vending Machines,

Water Coolers, Commercial Ice

Machines (Retrofitted and New).

CFC-12 and R-502 Household HCFC Blend Beta........ Acceptable............. This blend contains the

Refrigerators, Household Freezers, HCFC Blend Lambda...... Acceptable............. same components as R-

and Residential Dehumidifiers. 406A, but in different

percentages.

CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 Very Low R-508.................. Acceptable.

Temperature Refrigeration.

CFC-114 Centrifugal Chillers......... HFC-236fa.............. Acceptable.

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Acceptable Substitutes for Class II Substances

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End-use Substitute Decision Comments

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Household and Light Commercial Air ....................... ....................... This end use also

Conditioning includes heat pump

systems.

HCFC-22 Systems, New............. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B, Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HFC-134A.

HCFC-22 Systems, Retrofit........ R-407C................. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Commercial Comfort Air Conditioning ....................... ....................... This end use includes

chillers in general.

HCFC-22 Reciprocating Chillers, R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

New.

CFC-12 Reciprocating Chillers, R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

New.

R-500 Reciprocating Chillers, New R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

CFC-11 Centrifugal Chillers, New. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

CFC-12 Centrifugal Chillers, New. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HCFC-22 Centrifugal Chillers, New R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HCFC-22 Centrifugal Chillers, R-407C................. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Retrofit.

R-500 Centrifugal Chillers, New.. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HCFC-22 Screw Chillers, New...... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HCFC-22 Screw Chillers, Retrofit. R-407C................. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Industrial Process Refrigeration ....................... ....................... It also includes very-

low-temperature

industrial

refrigeration.

HCFC-22 Systems, New............. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HCFC-22 Systems, Retrofit........ R-407C................. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

CFC-12 Systems, New.............. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

R-500 Systems, New............... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

[[Page 4741]]

R-502 Systems, New............... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Industrial Process Air Conditioners

HCFC-22 A/C Systems, New......... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B, Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HFC-134a.

HCFC-22 A/C Systems, Retrofit.... R-407C................. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

CFC-12 A/C System, New........... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

CFC-114 A/C System, New.......... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

CFC-12/CFC-114 A/C Systems, New.. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Ice Skating Rinks

HCFC-22 Systems, New............. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HCFC-22 Systems, Retrofit........ R-407C................. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

CFC-12 Systems, New.............. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

R-502 Systems, New............... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Refrigerated Transport

CFC-12 Systems, New.............. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

R-500 Systems, New............... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

R-502 Systems, New............... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Retail Food Refrigeration ....................... ....................... It also includes cold

storage warehouses.

HCFC-22 Systems, New............. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

HCFC-22 Systems, Retrofit........ R-407C................. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

CFC-12 Systems, New.............. R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

R-502 Systems, New............... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Ice Machines

CFC-12 Ice Machines, New......... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Household Refrigerators and Freezers

CFC-12 Household Refrigerators, R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

New.

CFC-12 Household Freezers, New... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

R-502 Household Freezers, New.... R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

Other Refrigerated Appliances ....................... ....................... Includes water coolers,

vending machines, and

dehumidifiers.

CFC-12 Refrigerated Appliances, R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

New.

R-502 Refrigerated Appliances, R-407C, R-410A, R-410B. Acceptable............. EPA urges recycling.

New.

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Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection

[Total Flooding Agents Acceptable Substitutes]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

End-Use Substitute Decision Comments

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Halon 1301........................... Powdered Aerosol C..... Acceptable............. For use in normally

unoccupied areas only.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Acceptable Substitutes--Foam Blowing

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Integral Skin with HCFC-22........... CO2.................... Acceptable.............

HFC-134a............... Acceptable.............

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[[Page 4742]]

Pending Decisions--Foam Blowing

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End-use Substitute Comments

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HCFCs, Polyurethane Integral Skin CO2

HFC-134a.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pending Substitutes--Solvent Cleaning

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

End-use Substitute Comments

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Metals Cleaning w/ CFC-113 and Chlorobromomethane............... Additional toxicity testing is necessary to

MCF. characterize fully the chronic health

effects such as carcinogenicity that could

arise from repeated exposures. In

addition, decomposition studies and ozone

depletion analyses must be completed

before SNAP decision is rendered.

Electronics Cleaning w/ CFC-113 Chlorobromomethane............... Additional toxicity testing is necessary to

and MCF. characterize fully the chronic health

effects such as carcinogenicity that could

arise from repeated exposures. In

addition, decomposition studies and ozone

depletion analyses must be completed

before SNAP decision is rendered.

Precision Cleaning w/ CFC-113 Chlorobromomethane............... Additional toxicity testing is necessary to

and MCF. characterize fully the chronic health

effects such as carcinogenicity that could

arise from repeated exposures. In

addition, decomposition studies and ozone

depletion analyses must be completed

before SNAP decision is rendered.

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[FR Doc. 96-2723 Filed 2-7-96; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-P