Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Granting of NORDYNE's Application for Interim Waiver from the Department of Energy's Central Air Conditioner and Central Air Conditioning Heat Pump Test Procedure and Publication of the Petition for Waiver. (Case No. CAC-007)
Federal RegisterAug 8, 1995
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Granting of
NORDYNE's Application for Interim Waiver from the Department of
Energy's Central Air Conditioner and Central Air Conditioning Heat Pump
Test Procedure and Publication of the Petition for Waiver. (Case No.
CAC-007)
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: Today's notice publishes a letter granting an Interim Waiver
to NORDYNE from the existing Department of Energy central air
conditioner and central air conditioning heat pump test procedure for
the company's Powermiser line of heat pumps with integrated domestic
water heating.
Today's notice also publishes a ``Petition for Waiver'' from
NORDYNE. The Petition for Waiver requests the Department to modify the
heat pump test procedure for the NORDYNE Powermiser line of heat pumps
which include special design characteristics to incorporate domestic
water heating. The Department is soliciting comments, data, and
information respecting the Petition for Waiver.
DATES: The Department will accept comments, data, and information not
later than September 7, 1995.
ADDRESSES: Written comments and statements shall be sent to: Department
of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Case No.
CAC-007, Mail Stop EE-43, Room 1J-018, Forrestal Building, 1000
Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586-7574.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Michael G. Raymond, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Mail Station EE-431, Forrestal
Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585, (202)
586-9611
Eugene Margolis, Esq., U.S. Department of Energy, Office of General
Counsel, Mail Station GC-72, Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586-9507
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Energy Conservation Program for Consumer
Products (other than automobiles) was established pursuant to the
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), Public Law 94-163, 89 Stat.
917, as amended by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA),
Public Law 95-619, 92 Stat. 3266, the National Appliance Energy
Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA), Public Law 100-12, the National
Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988 (NAECA 1988), Public
Law 100-357, and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), Public Law 102-
486, 106 Stat. 2776, which requires the Department to prescribe
standardized test procedures to measure the energy consumption of
certain consumer products, including heat pumps. The intent of the test
procedures is to provide a comparable measure of energy consumption
that will assist consumers in making purchasing decisions. The test
procedures for central air conditioners and central air conditioning
heat pumps appear at 10 CFR Part 430, Subpart B, Appendix M.
The Department amended the prescribed test procedures by adding 10
CFR 430.27 on September 26, 1980, creating the waiver process. 45 FR
64108. The Department further amended the appliance test procedure
waiver process to allow the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy (Assistant Secretary) to grant an Interim Waiver
from test procedure requirements to manufacturers that have petitioned
the Department for a waiver of such prescribed test procedures. 51 FR
42823, November 26, 1986.
The waiver process allows the Assistant Secretary to temporarily
waive test procedures for a particular basic model when a petitioner
shows that the basic model contains one or more design characteristics
which prevent testing according to the prescribed test procedures, or
when the prescribed test procedures may evaluate the basic model in a
manner so unrepresentative of its true energy consumption as to provide
materially inaccurate comparative data. Waivers generally remain in
effect until final test procedure amendments become effective,
resolving the problem that is the subject of the waiver.
The Interim Waiver provisions added by the 1986 amendment allow the
Secretary to grant an Interim Waiver when it is determined that the
applicant will experience economic hardship if the Application for
Interim Waiver is denied, if it appears likely that the Petition for
Waiver will be granted, and/or the Assistant Secretary determines that
it would be desirable for public policy reasons to grant immediate
relief pending a determination on the Petition for Waiver. An Interim
Waiver remains in effect for a period of 180 days, or until the
Department issues its determination on the Petition for Waiver,
whichever is sooner, and may be extended for an additional 180 days, if
necessary.
On January 24, 1995, NORDYNE filed a Petition for Waiver and an
Application for Interim Waiver regarding the heat pump tests. NORDYNE's
Petition seeks a Waiver from the Department's test procedure because,
using the test procedure, the company cannot account for the energy
savings associated with integrated water heating. NORDYNE has submitted
a modified test procedure to be used for rating its Powermiser heat
pumps. NORDYNE proposes to calculate, in addition to the standard SEER
and HSPF, a Combined Cooling Performance Factor (CCPF) and a Combined
Heating Performance Factor (CHPF). These performance factors reflect
the energy efficiency of the heat pump when providing both space
conditioning and domestic water heating. The heating and cooling mode
test procedures are essentially the same as the current Department
central air conditioner test procedures found in 10 CFR Part 430,
Subpart B, Appendix M. The NORDYNE test procedures for the heating and
cooling modes differ from the Department's in their use of a bin
analysis for SEER, and the use of seasonal hours rather than fractional
hours for HSPF. NORDYNE states in its Petition that the modified test
procedure for SEER and HSPF ``yields a nearly identical result and
provides a directly comparable base for use in determining
[[Page 40359]]
energy savings associated with water heating.'' In addition, NORDYNE
submitted tests and a rating procedure to determine the performance of
the heat pump when it heats domestic water (whether or not space
heating or cooling is also being provided).
NORDYNE also applied for an Interim Waiver, stating:
The current test procedure does not account for the total
energy savings of the Powermiser;
Carrier Corporation has been granted a similar waiver for
its Hydrotech product;
For public policy reasons, the widespread use of this type
of integrated appliance would be in direct support of the President's
Climate Change Action Plan, which lists heating and cooling and home
appliances as key targets for improvement; and
Absent a favorable determination on the Application for
Interim Waiver, NORDYNE would experience an economic hardship, as
discussed in the confidential statement filed simultaneously.
The Department agrees that the current test procedure does not
account for the total energy savings of the Powermiser. A previous
waiver for this type of equipment was granted by the Department to
Carrier Corporation for its HydroTech 2000, 55 FR 13607, April 11,
1990. Thus, it appears likely that the Petition for Waiver will be
granted.
In those instances where the likely success of the Petition for
Waiver has been demonstrated based upon the Department having granted a
waiver for a similar product design, it is in the public interest to
have similar products tested and rated for energy consumption on a
comparable basis.
Further, NORDYNE has supplied evidence of economic hardship if the
Interim Waiver is not granted. NORDYNE's confidential statement claims
a substantial investment in the Powermiser for research and
development, tooling, production, sales and marketing. The Powermiser
investment represents a large fraction of NORDYNE's annual income.
Until the Interim Waiver is granted, NORDYNE is not able to realize any
return on its investment.
Based on the statements above, the Department is granting an
Interim Waiver to NORDYNE for its Powermiser series integrated heat
pumps. Pursuant to paragraph (e) of Section 430.27 of the Code of
Federal Regulations part 430, the following letter granting the
Application for Interim Waiver to NORDYNE was issued.
Pursuant to paragraph (b) of 10 CFR Part 430.27, the Department is
hereby publishing the ``Petition for Waiver.'' The Petition contains
confidential company information; thus, the confidential attachment
submitted by NORDYNE is not being published. Due to its length (39
pages), NORDYNE's proposed alternate test procedure is not being
published in the Federal Register. It is, however, available upon
request at the address provided at the beginning of today's notice.
NORDYNE has sent a copy of the Petition for Waiver and a copy of the
Application for Interim Waiver to all known manufacturers of
domestically marketed units of the same product type . A summary of the
NORDYNE alternate test procedure is included in the letter to NORDYNE
granting the Application for Interim Waiver, which is published with
this Federal Register Notice.
The Department solicits comments, data, and information respecting
the Petition.
Issued in Washington, DC., July 10, 1995.
Christine A. Ervin,
Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
July 10, 1995.
Mr. Wayne R. Reedy, Vice President--Engineering
NORDYNE, 1801 Park 270 Drive, P.O. Box 46911, St. Louis, MO 63146-
6911.
Dear Mr. Reedy: This is in response to your letter of January
24, 1995, submitting an Application for Interim Waiver and Petition
for Waiver from the Department of Energy's central air conditioner
and central air conditioning heat pump test procedure for NORDYNE's
Powermiser line of heat pumps, which include special design
characteristics to incorporate domestic water heating.
The current test procedure does not account for the energy
savings associated with integrated water heating. A previous waiver
for this type of equipment has been granted to Carrier Corporation,
55 FR 13607, April 11, 1990. Thus, it appears likely that the
Petition for Waiver will be granted.
In those instances where the likely success of the Petition for
Waiver has been demonstrated based upon the Department having
granted a waiver for a similar product design, it is in the public
interest to have similar products tested and rated for energy
consumption on a comparable basis.
Further, NORDYNE's Application for Interim Waiver provides
sufficient information to determine that NORDYNE has and will
continue to experience a severe negative economic impact absent a
favorable determination on its Application. NORDYNE's confidential
statement claims a substantial investment in the Powermiser for
research and development, tooling, production, sales and marketing.
The Powermiser investment represents a large fraction of NORDYNE's
annual income, and NORDYNE is not able to realize any return on this
investment until the Interim Waiver is granted.
Therefore, based on the above, NORDYNE's Application for an
Interim Waiver to modify the Department's test procedure for its
Powermiser line of heat pumps with integrated domestic water heating
is granted.
NORDYNE shall be required to test its Powermiser line of heat
pumps on the basis of the test procedures specified in 10 CFR Part
430, Subpart B, Appendix M, as modified by additional tests and
ratings described in its proposed alternate test procedure, to
determine the performance of the heat pump when it operates for the
heating of domestic water, either concurrently with or separate from
the space heating and cooling modes.
The alternate test procedure is summarized in Attachment A,
attached hereto.
This Interim Waiver is based upon the presumed validity of
statements and all allegations submitted by the company. This
Interim Waiver may be removed or modified at any time upon a
determination that the factual basis underlying the application is
incorrect.
The Interim Waiver shall remain in effect for a period of 180
days, or until the Department acts on the Petition for Waiver,
whichever is sooner, and may be extended for an additional 180-day
period, if necessary.
Best regards,
Christine A. Ervin,
Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
Attachment A
Type of Equipment To Be Covered
The test procedure described herein applies to electrically-driven,
single-speed compressor air-to-air heat pumps having a nominal cooling
capacity of 65,000 BTU/Hr or less that include an integral heat
exchanger and water pump for the heating of domestic water, either
concurrent with or separate from the space heating and cooling modes.
Test Points and Procedures
Standard ratings shall be established in accordance with 10 CFR
Part 430, Subpart B, Appendix M, ``Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Central Air Conditioners.'' Procedures will
also be compatible with ``Methods of Testing for Efficiency of Space-
Conditioning Water Heating Appliances that include a Desuperheater
Water Heater'' ASHRAE Standards Project Committee 137P (under
development).
In addition to the standard ratings, tests and a rating procedure
are described to determine the performance of the heat pump when it
operates for the heating of domestic water, either concurrently with or
separate from the space heating and cooling modes.
Table 1 specifies the operating conditions for all of the tests
covered by
[[Page 40360]]
the present test plan, along with their operating and water draw
schedules as Tables 2, 3 and 4. These tests are summarized as follows:
Space Cooling Mode, Tests 1, 5, 6 and 7
Test 1 (required) is identical to the Department Test A, Test 5
(required) is identical to Department Test B, Test 6 (optional) is
identical to Department Test C, and Test 7 (optional) is identical to
Department Test D, except for the following: The refrigerant-to-water
heat exchanger is filled with water. In order to not have the water
pump cycle on during tests 1 and 5, it may be necessary to disable the
water pump. If natural convection within the water system proves
significant, it will be necessary to close an isolation valve between
the heat pump and the water heater tank.
Space Heating Mode, Tests 11, 12, 13 and 15
Test 11 (required) is identical to the Department High Temperature
Test, Test 12 (optional) is identical to the Department Cyclic Test,
Test 13 (required) is identical to Department Frost Accumulation Test,
and Test 15 (required) is identical to the Department Low Temperature
Test, except for the following: the refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger
is filled with water. In order to not have the water pump cycle on
during tests 11, 13 and 15, it may be necessary to disable the water
pump. If natural convection within the water system proves significant,
it will be necessary to close an isolation valve between the heat pump
and the water heater tank.
Space Cooling/Domestic Water Heating Mode, Tests 2 and 4
Test 2 is the Department Test A, combined with water heating. Air
side conditions are held constant and the system runs continuously,
while a series of water draws are imposed as outlined in Table 2.
Test 4 is the Department Test D, which involves cyclic operation of
the heat pump, with a series of water draws imposed as outlined in
Table 3.
The system cyclic schedule is for energizing of the compressor and
indoor blower control terminal. Actual system operation will be
controlled by the system internal controls. Depending on internal
controls, the compressor and one of the system fans may start or
continue to run irrespective of the compressor terminal being
energized. There shall be no air flow through the coil with the idle
fan. When the indoor blower is off, the duct shall be blocked.
Space Heating/Domestic Water Heating Mode, Tests 10 and 14
Test 10 is the Department Cyclic Test with a series of water draws
imposed, as outlined in Table 3.
Test 14 is the Department Low Temperature Test combined with water
heating. Air side conditions are held constant and the system runs
continuously, while a series of water draws are imposed, as outlined in
Table 2.
The system cyclic schedule is for energizing of the compressor and
indoor blower control terminal. Actual system operation will be
controlled by the system internal controls. Depending on internal
controls, the compressor and one of the system fans may start or
continue to run irrespective of the compressor terminal being
energized. There shall be no air flow through the coil with the idle
fan. When the indoor blower is off, the duct shall be blocked.
Domestic Water Heating Modes, Tests 3, 8 and 9
Tests 3, 8 and 9 involve cyclic operation of the heat pump in self-
controlled response to a series of water draws, as outlined in Table 4.
Test 3 (required) uses the same conditions as the Department Test
D, and will result in a cooling effect on the indoor room.
The conditions of Tests 8 and 9 (both required) are specified in
Table 1. Their temperatures do not correspond to any Department tests,
but, with the exception of the temperatures specified in Table 1, they
shall follow the requirements of Department Test D.
Tests 8 and 9 will result in a cooling effect on the outdoor room
(``O'' terminal de-energized). When the indoor blower is off, the
ductwork shall be blocked.
In addition to the normal components required for indoor space
heating and cooling, the unit shall be connected, as specified by the
heat pump manufacturer, to a conventional electric domestic hot water
storage tank. The hot water storage tank shall have a nominal rated
volume of 52 gallons, with an actual internal volume of 471
gallons. The hot water storage tank shall have an Energy Factor (EF)
rating that is within .02 of the EF specified as the
Federal Energy Conservation Standard for 52 gallon electric water
heaters, (presently 0.87), as determined by the Department test and
rating standards, contain two electric heater elements each rated at
nominal 4500 Watts and be connected to a source of supply water having
a temperature of 582 deg.F. The electrical voltage
supplied to the water heater shall be adjusted such that the measured
electrical power input is 427575W when the lower resistive
element is heating water. The water heater instrumentation: six
internal thermocouples plus entering and leaving water temperature
measurements and energy use, is to be installed according to the
standard Department test and rating procedure. The water heater
thermostats are to be replaced with manual controls operated to turn
off the upper element at 135 deg.F and on at 115 deg.F based on the
internal thermocouple located closest to the upper thermostat location.
The lower element shall be operated, as specified by the heat pump
manufacturer, but to turn off and on at not lower than 110 deg.F and
100 deg.F respectively (unless a new thermostat is supplied
specifically for the purpose) based on the internal thermocouple
located closest to the lower thermostat. The lower element shall also
be controlled to not operate coincident with the upper element. The
purpose of the manual controls is to simulate the normal thermostats,
but with improved repeatability. The heat pump system shall be
installed per the manufacturers installation instructions. Unless
otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the water heater is to be
installed in the indoor room, as is the compressor section, if it is
separate from the outdoor unit. The water heater is to be connected to
the compressor section with 15 feet of interconnecting tubing (30 feet
total for two lines), insulated (both) with R4 insulation. The
refrigerant sections are to be connected with a total of 25 feet of \3/
4\'' insulated vapor line and 25 feet of \3/8\'' uninsulated liquid
line. The line lengths between the compressor section and the indoor
coil shall be between 5 and 10 feet, with the balance of the 25 feet
connected between the compressor section and the outdoor unit, with 10
feet located in the outdoor room.
Calculation of Seasonal Performance Factors
The overall performance of the integrated heat pump system shall be
expressed in terms of seasonal performances. In addition to the
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) and Heating Seasonal
Performance Factor (HSPF) currently required by the Department, a
Combined Cooling Performance Factor (CCPF) shall be calculated for the
cooling season and a Combined Heating Performance Factor (CHPF) shall
be calculated for the heating season. These two combined performance
factors reflect the energy efficiency of the heat pump when providing
both space conditioning and
[[Page 40361]]
domestic water heating. The CCPF reflects the system's performance
during the portion of the year that the outdoor air temperature is
above 65 deg.F and the system will be providing space cooling and/or
water heating. CHPF deals with the other portion of the year when the
outdoor air temperature is below 65 deg.F and the system will be
providing space heating and/or water heating. Both combined performance
factors shall be calculated by means of a bin analysis as used for
calculating the Heating Seasonal Performance Factor as described in 10
CFR Part 430, Subpart B, Appendix M, para. 5.2. The only changes to the
actual referenced bin analysis are to extend it to account for the
water heating functions, and to have it reflect calendar hours in
addition to cooling and heating load hours, so that the water heating
load can be fully accounted for.
The Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) shall also be
calculated by means of the bin analysis used for the Heating Seasonal
Performance Factor, the CCPF and the CHPF. This is a slight departure
from the referenced procedures method for calculating a SEER for units
with single-speed compressors, but yields a nearly identical result and
provides a directly comparable base for use in determining energy
savings associated with water heating.
The Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) shall also be
calculated in the manner referenced above, with the exception that it
is based on seasonal hours as opposed to fractional hours.
The Combined Cooling Performance Factor (CCPF) shall be calculated
using the same general approach as presented in the Department/ARI/
ASHRAE standards for non-water-heating equipment. The procedure relates
the space cooling and water heating loads and the performance of the
heat pump to outdoor air temperature. The output of the heat pump is
balanced against the building and water heating load at each outdoor
temperature bin above 65 deg.F to determine: (a) The fractional heat
pump operating time spent in each temperature bin performing space
cooling only; (b) the fractional heat pump operating time spent in each
temperature bin performing combined space cooling and water heating;
(c) the fractional heat pump operating time spent in each temperature
bin performing dedicated water heating; and (d) the heat pump energy
consumption rate for each mode of operation for each temperature bin.
The energy input to the domestic water is assumed to be distributed
by temperature bin in proportion to the total hours of occurrence per
bin. The performance of the heat pump by bin, and by mode of operation,
is based on interpolation of test data taken at representative
operating conditions. The total energy consumption of the heat pump
will be increased as a result of the domestic water heating load. There
will, however, be a net energy savings, which is expressed in terms of
a Combined Cooling Performance Factor for space cooling and water
heating, designated CCPF. CCPF is the sum of the total space cooling
load and the total domestic water heating load during the cooling
season, divided by the sum of the total energy consumption used for
space cooling and water heating over the same period, expressed in Btu/
Wh.
The Combined Cooling Performance Factor for space cooling and water
heating shall be calculated similarly to the SEER:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.000
The terms Q(Tj) and E(Tj) are the system energy outputs and inputs
respectively for the jth outdoor temperature bin as defined in the
cited Department regulations, and are composed of the various building
and water heating loads and system energy inputs as follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.001
Where BL(Tj) is the building space cooling load at the jth outdoor
bin temperature. Qhw(Tj) is the water heating load in Btu/hr
at the jth outdoor bin temperature and is calculated from the hot
water drawn from the water heater tank. It does not include the tank
standby losses. The term ndwcj is the number of extra hours for
dedicated water heating with the outdoor temperature above 65 deg.F,
distributed among the first three outdoor temperature bins inversely
proportional to the building load. In equation form:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.002
where Ndwc is the number of extra hours for dedicated water
heating with the outdoor temperature above 65 deg.F. E(Tj) is the
total system energy input for the jth outdoor bin temperature, and
is made up of the individual energy inputs for the applicable operating
modes as follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.003
where:
[[Page 40362]]
Ec(Tj) = Heat pump steady-state power input in the space
cooling only mode for outdoor temperature bin j.
Eccw(Tj) = Heat pump steady-state power input in the combined
cooling and water heating mode for outdoor temperature bin j.
Ewdc(Tj) = Heat pump steady-state power input in the
dedicated water heating mode during the cooling season for outdoor
temperature bin j.
Eauxw = Auxiliary energy input for water heating.
Esav = Energy saved due to cooling effect during dedicated water
heating.
Edwehc = Energy input for water heating during the dedicated water
heating extra hours period above 65 deg.F.
X1(Tj) = Load factor for space conditioning only mode for outdoor
temperature bin j.
X2(Tj) = Load factor for combined space conditioning/water heating
mode for outdoor temperature bin j.
X3(Tj) = Load factor for dedicated water heating mode for outdoor
temperature bin j.
PLF(Tj) = 1 - Cd x (1-X1(Tj) x X2(Tj)
- X3(Tj)) = the overall part-load factor for outdoor
temperature bin j.
Cd = the coefficient of cyclic degradation for cooling.
nj = the number of hours in the jth outdoor temperature bin.
The steady-state electrical power input to the heat pump in the
space cooling only mode is determined according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.004
The steady-state heat pump space cooling capacity in the space
cooling only mode is determined according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.005
The steady-state heat pump space cooling capacity and water heating
capacity in the combined cooling/water heating mode is determined
according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.006
The total steady-state electrical power input to the heat pump in
the combined cooling/water heating mode is determined according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.007
where:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.008
with:
Cd = the cooling season coefficient of cyclic degradation.
LF(Test 4) = 0.5 = the load factor during the 82 deg.F combined
cooling/water heating cyclic test.
The electrical power input to the heat pump at the 82 deg.F cyclic
test point is corrected (decreased) by the actual test part load factor
(PLF) in order to make it consistent with the 95 deg.F test point which
is steady-state. Later bin analysis of energy use will interpolate
between the 82 deg.F and 95 deg.F points and have the energy use for
each bin increased by that bins' calculated PLF. This approach of the
95 deg.F test being continuous compressor operation and the 82 deg.F
test being cyclic is most representative of actual field operation and
provides the most representative water side conditions.
The steady-state heat pump water heating capacity in the dedicated
water heating mode during the cooling season is determined according
to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.009
The steady-state electrical power input to the heat pump in the
dedicated water heating mode during the cooling season is determined
according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.010
[[Page 40363]]
The performance of the heat pump in dedicated water heating during
the cooling season is assumed constant because the heat source is the
constant temperature indoor air. Because the test is cyclic, the actual
test results are again corrected from the PLF of the test to the PLF of
each temperature bin in the analysis.
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.011
with:
Cd=the cooling season coefficient of cyclic degradation.
ton82 deg.F=the total compressor on time during the 82 deg.F
dedicated water heating cyclic test.
ttotal82 deg.F=the total time to conclusion of the 82 deg.F
dedicated water heating cyclic test.
The load factors for each mode of operation are determined as
follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.012
Following determination of X2(Tj),X1(Tj) and X3(Tj)
are determined as follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.013
The auxiliary energy input for water heating is then determined
from:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.014
Because the dedicated water heating mode during the cooling season
removes heat from the space, there is a beneficial cooling effect. The
energy saved by this cooling is calculated as:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.015
Lastly, the energy input for water heating during the dedicated
water heating extra hours period above 65 deg.F is calculated as:
[[Page 40364]]
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.016
where:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.017
=Load factor for dedicated water heating mode for outdoor temperature
bin j.
Ewdc(Tj)=heat pump steady-state power input in the dedicated
water heating mode during the cooling season for outdoor temperature
bin j.
ndwcj=the number of hours in the jth outdoor temperature bin for
the dedicated water heating extra hours period above 65 deg.F.
PLF(Tj)=1-Cd x (1-X4(Tj))=the part-load factor for
outdoor temperature bin j.
Cd=the coefficient of cyclic degradation for cooling.
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.018
=the auxiliary energy input for water heating during the extra hours
period above 65 deg.F.
Qwdc(Tj)=the cyclic heat pump water heating capacity in the
dedicated water heating mode during the cooling season.
The Combined Heating Performance Factor (CHPF) shall be calculated
utilizing the same approach as for the CCPF. For the CHPF the building
and water heating loads and heat pump performance are evaluated at each
outdoor temperature bin below 65 deg.F. CHPF is the sum of the total
space heating load and the domestic water heating load during the
heating season, divided by the sum of the total energy consumption used
for space heating and water heating over the same period, expressed in
Btu/Wh.
The Combined Heating Performance Factor for space heating and water
heating is calculated as follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.019
The terms Q(Tj) and E(Tj) are the system energy outputs
and inputs, respectively, for the jth outdoor temperature bin as
defined in the cited Department regulations and are composed of the
various building and water heating loads and system energy inputs as
follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.020
where BL(Tj) is the building space heating load at the jth outdoor
bin temperature and evaluated for each heating temperature bin Tj, as
described in subsection 10.2.2 of ASHRAE Standard 116-83.
Qhw(Tj) is the water heating load for the jth outdoor bin
temperature.
E(Tj) is the total system energy input for the jth
outdoor bin temperature and is made up of the individual energy inputs
for the applicable operating modes as follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.021
where:
Eh(Tj) = Heat pump steady-state power input in the space
heating only mode for outdoor temperature bin j.
Ehcw(Tj) = Heat pump steady-state power input in the combined
space heating and water heating mode for outdoor temperature bin j.
Ewdh(Tj) = Heat pump steady-state power input in the
dedicated water heating mode during the heating season for outdoor
temperature bin j.
Eauxw = Auxiliary energy input for water heating.
Eauxs = Auxiliary energy input for space heating.
Edwehh = Energy input for water heating during the dedicated water
heating extra hours period below 65 deg.F
X1(Tj) = Load factor for space conditioning only mode for outdoor
temperature bin j.
X2(Tj) = Load factor for combined space conditioning/water heating
mode for outdoor temperature bin j.
X3(Tj) = Load factor for dedicated water heating mode for outdoor
temperature bin j.
[[Page 40365]]
PLF(Tj) = 1 - Cd x (1 - X1(Tj) - X2(Tj)
- X3(Tj)) = the overall part-load factor for outdoor
temperature bin j.
Cd = the coefficient of cyclic degradation for heating.
nj = the number of hours in the jth outdoor temperature bin.
The steady-state heat pump space heating capacity in the space
heating only mode is determined according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.022
The steady-state electrical power input to the heat pump in the
space heating only mode is determined according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.023
The steady-state heat pump space heating capacity and water heating
capacity in the combined heating/water heating mode is determined
according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.024
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.025
Where:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.026
and:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.027
The total steady-state electrical power input to the heat pump in
the combined heating/waterheating mode is determined according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.028
[[Page 40366]]
where:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.029
and:
PLF (Test10) = 1 - (Cd x (1 - LF (Test10)))
With:
Cd = the heating season cyclic degradation coefficient.
LF (Test 10) = 0.5 = the load factor during the 47 deg.F combined
heating/water heating cyclic test.
The electrical power input to the heat pump at the 47 deg.F cyclic
test point is corrected (decreased) by the actual test part load factor
(PLF) in order to make it consistent with the 17 deg.F test point
which is steady-state.
Later bin analysis of energy use will interpolate between the 17
deg.F and 47 deg.F points and have the energy use for each bin
increased by that bins calculated PLF. This approach of the 17 deg.F
test being continuous compressor operation and the 47 deg.F test being
cyclic is most representative of actual field operation and provides
the most representative water side conditions.
The cyclic heat pump water heating capacity in the dedicated water
heating mode during the heating season is determined according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.030
The steady-state electrical power input to the heat pump in the
dedicated water heating mode during the heating season is determined
according to:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.031
Because the tests are cyclic, the actual test results are again
corrected from the PLF of the specific test to the PLF of each
temperature bin in the analysis, where:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.032
with:
Cd = the heating season cyclic degradation coefficient.
ton47 deg.F = the total compressor on time during the 47 deg.F
dedicated water heating cyclic test.
ttotal47 deg.F = the total time to conclusion of the 47 deg.F
dedicated water heating cyclic test.
ton67 deg.F = the total compressor on time during the 67 deg.F
dedicated water heating cyclic test.
ttotal67 deg.F = the total time to conclusion of the 67 deg.F
dedicated water heating cyclic test.
The load factors for each mode of operation are determined as
follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.033
or
[[Page 40367]]
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.034
Following determination of X2(Tj), X1(Tj) and
X3(Tj) are determined as follows:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.035
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.036
The auxiliary energy input for water heating is then determined
from:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.037
The auxiliary energy input for space heating is then determined
from:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.038
Lastly, the energy input for water heating during the dedicated
water heating extra hours period below 65 deg.F is calculated as:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.039
where:
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.040
= Load factor for dedicated water heating mode for outdoor temperature
bin j.
Ewdh(Tj) = heat pump steady-state power input in the
dedicated water heating mode during the heating season for outdoor
temperature bin j.
ndwhj = the number of hours in the jth outdoor temperature
bin for the dedicated water heating extra hours period below 65 deg.F.
PLF(T) = 1 - Cd x (1 - X4(Tj)) = the part-load factor
for outdoor temperature bin j.
Cd = the heating season cyclic degradation coefficient.
[GRAPHIC][TIFF OMITTED]TN08AU95.041
[[Page 40368]]
= the auxiliary energy input for water heating during the extra hours
period below 65 deg.F.
Qwdh(Tj) = the cyclic heat pump water heating capacity in the
dedicated water heating mode during the heating season.
Table 1.--Test Summary--Integrated Heat Pump System Tests
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air temperatures (F) Data
Test Description Test type -------------------------------------------- Water draw reduction
ODDB ODWB IDDB IDWB notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....... COOLING.............. STEADY-STATE......... REQUIRED............ 95 ......... 80 67 ................ 1
2....... COOLING + WH......... STEADY-STATE......... REQUIRED............ 95 ......... 80 67 TABLE 2......... 1,2,3,6
3....... WH (COOLING)......... CYCLIC............... REQUIRED............ 82 ......... 80 67 TABLE 4......... 1,2,5,6
4....... COOLING + WH......... CYCLIC............... REQUIRED............ 82 ......... 80 67 TABLE 3......... 1,2,4,6
5....... COOLING.............. STEADY-STATE......... REQUIRED............ 82 ......... 80 67 ................ 1
6....... COOLING.............. STEADY-STATE......... OPTIONAL............ 82 ......... 80 57 ................ 1
7....... COOLING CYCLIC....... CYCLIC............... OPTIONAL............ 82 ......... 80 57 ................ 1
8....... WH (HEATING)......... CYCLIC............... REQUIRED............ 67 61 70 ......... TABLE 4......... 1,2,7
9....... WH (HEATING)......... CYCLIC............... REQUIRED............ 47 43 70 ......... TABLE 4......... 1,2,7
10...... HEATING + WH......... CYCLIC............... REQUIRED............ 47 43 70 ......... TABLE 3......... 1,2,4,6
11...... HEATING.............. STEADY-STATE......... REQUIRED............ 47 43 70 ......... ................ 1
12...... HEATING CYCLIC....... CYCLIC............... OPTIONAL............ 47 43 70
13...... HEATING DEFROST...... STEADY-STATE......... REQUIRED............ 35 33 70 ......... ................ 1
14...... HEATING + WH......... STEADY-STATE......... REQUIRED............ 17 15 70 ......... TABLE 2......... 1,2,3,6
15...... HEATING.............. STEADY-STATE......... REQUIRED............ 17 15 70 ......... ................ 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data Reduction Notes for Table 1
1. Data recorded per ASHRAE Standard 116-83.
2. Water heating capacity is calculated as the net water energy
withdrawn plus the tank standby loss during the test duration, divided
by the length of time that the water pump and/or auxiliary water heater
elements operate and expressed as BTU/hr. Test duration is defined as
starting at t=0 and ending at the conclusion of water heating from all
sources. Makeup and supply water temperatures are to be recorded every
5 seconds during water draws.
3. The steady-state cooling or heating capacity coincident with
water heating is calculated as the total air side capacity delivered
during the period of time that the water pump and/or auxiliary water
heater elements operate, divided by the length of time that the water
pump and/or auxiliary water heater elements operate and expressed as
BTU/hr.
4. The cyclic cooling or heating capacity coincident with water
heating is calculated as the air side capacity delivered during the
period of time that both the water pump and indoor blower and/or both
the auxiliary water heater elements and indoor blower operate, divided
by the length of time that both the water pump and indoor blower and/or
both the auxiliary water heater elements and indoor blower operate and
expressed as Btu/hr.
5. The cyclic cooling capacity associated with dedicated water
heating is calculated as the air side capacity delivered during the
period of time that the indoor blower operates, divided by the length
of time that the indoor blower operates, and expressed as Btu/hr.
6. The power used with the cooling or heating capacity associated
with water heating is calculated as the total energy consumed by all
components, including the heat pump, water pump, and auxiliary water
heater elements, etc., during the length of time that the air side
capacity is integrated, divided by the same length of time, and
expressed as Watts.
7. The power used with the dedicated water heating capacity is
calculated as the total energy consumed by all components, including
the heat pump, water pump, and auxiliary water heater elements, etc.,
during the duration of the test, divided by the period of time used in
determining the associated water heating capacity determination.
Table 2.--Steady-State Combined Operation & Water Draw Schedule
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sequence
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............... FILL WATER HEATER (or draw until both upper and lower
thermostat water temperatures are below their turn on
points).
2............... RESISTIVE OPERATION TO CONCLUSION.
3............... HEAT PUMP OPERATION TO CONCLUSION OF WATER HEATING
(heat pump continues to operate in space conditioning
mode).
4............... CONDITION WITH 11 GALLON DRAW.
5............... HEAT PUMP AND/OR RESISTIVE OPERATION TO CONCLUSION OF
WATER HEATING.
6............... HEAT PUMP CONTINUES TO OPERATE IN SPACE CONDITIONING
MODE FOR 10 MINUTES.
7............... t=0 , DRAW 5.4 GALLONS.
[[Page 40369]]
8............... HEAT PUMP AND RESISTIVE OPERATE ON INTERNAL CONTROLS
(heat pump continues to operate in space conditioning
mode).
9............... t=68 MINUTES, DRAW 16.1 GALLONS.
10.............. HEAT PUMP AND RESISTIVE OPERATE ON INTERNAL CONTROLS
(heat pump continues to operate in space conditioning
mode).
11.............. t=118 MINUTES, DRAW 10.7 GALLONS.
12.............. HEAT PUMP AND RESISTIVE OPERATE ON INTERNAL CONTROLS
TO CONCLUSION OF WATER HEATING.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3.--Cyclic Combined Operation & Water Draw Schedule
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sequence
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............... FILL WATER HEATER (or draw until both upper and lower
thermostat water temperatures are below their turn on
points).
2............... RESISTIVE OPERATION TO CONCLUSION.
3............... HEAT PUMP OPERATION TO CONCLUSION OF WATER HEATING.
4............... CONDITION WITH 11 GALLON DRAW.
5............... HEAT PUMP AND/OR RESISTIVE OPERATION TO CONCLUSION OF
WATER HEATING.
6............... COMPRESSOR OFF FOR 10 MINUTES.
7............... t=0 , DRAW 5.4 GALLONS.
8............... t=10 MINUTES, Tstat ON; @ t=20 MINUTES, Tstat OFF.
9............... t=30 MINUTES, Tstat ON; @ t=40 MINUTES, Tstat OFF.
10.............. t=50 MINUTES, Tstat ON; @ t=60 MINUTES, Tstat OFF.
11.............. t=68 MINUTES, DRAW 16.1 GALLONS.
12.............. t=70 MINUTES, Tstat ON; @ t=80 MINUTES, Tstat OFF.
13.............. t=90 MINUTES, Tstat ON; @ t=100 MINUTES, Tstat OFF.
14.............. t=110 MINUTES, Tstat ON.
15.............. t=118 MINUTES, DRAW 10.7 GALLONS.
16.............. t=120 MINUTES, Tstat OFF.
17.............. t=130 MINUTES, Tstat ON; @ t=140 MINUTES, Tstat OFF.
18.............. t=150 MINUTES, Tstat ON; @ t=160 MINUTES, Tstat OFF.
19.............. t=170 MINUTES, Tstat ON TO CONCLUSION OF WATER
HEATING.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Tstat refers to indoor space thermostat.
Table 4.--Dedicated Water Heating Operation & Water Draw Schedule
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sequence
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............... FILL WATER HEATER (or draw until both upper and lower
thermostat water temperatures are below their turn on
points).
2............... RESISTIVE OPERATION TO CONCLUSION.
3............... HEAT PUMP OPERATION TO CONCLUSION OF WATER HEATING.
4............... CONDITION WITH 11 GALLON DRAW.
5............... HEAT PUMP AND/OR RESISTIVE OPERATION TO CONCLUSION OF
WATER HEATING.
6............... COMPRESSOR OFF FOR 10 MINUTES.
7............... t=0 , DRAW 5.4 GALLONS.
8............... HEAT PUMP AND RESISTIVE OPERATE ON INTERNAL CONTROLS.
9............... t=68 MINUTES, DRAW 16.1 GALLONS.
10.............. HEAT PUMP AND RESISTIVE OPERATE ON INTERNAL CONTROLS.
11.............. t=118 MINUTES, DRAW 10.7 GALLONS.
12.............. HEAT PUMP AND RESISTIVE OPERATE ON INTERNAL CONTROLS
TO CONCLUSION OF WATER HEATING.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 24, 1995.
The Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy,
United States Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W.,
Washington, DC 20585.
Subject: Petition For Waiver and Application for Interim Waiver.
Gentlemen: This is a Petition for Waiver and Application for
Interim Waiver submitted pursuant to Title 10 CFR 430.27, as amended
November 14, 1986. Waiver is requested from the existing Test Method
for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Central Air Conditioners,
including heat pumps as found in Appendix M to Subpart B of Part
430.
Under the existing Test Procedure, heat pump energy consumption
is measured relative only to space heating and cooling. NORDYNE
requests a waiver to the existing test procedure as detailed in the
attached ``Requested Test and Rating Procedure Modifications for
Electrically Driven, Single-Speed Compressor, Air-to-Air Heat Pumps
With Integrated Water Heating'', for use in the testing and rating
of its Powermiser line of heat pumps which include special design
characteristics to incorporate domestic water heating.
The current test procedure clearly cannot account for the energy
savings associated with integrated water heating.
NORDYNE is confident that a waiver will be granted and requests
that an interim waiver be granted. NORDYNE's confidence is based on:
(1) The current test procedure does not account for the total
energy savings of the Powermiser.
(2) Carrier Corporation has been granted a similar waiver for
its Hydrotech product.
(3) For public policy, the widespread use of this type of
integrated appliance would be in direct support of the President's
Climate Change Action Plan, which lists heating and cooling and home
appliances as key targets for improvement.
(4) Absent a favorable determination on the Application for
Interim Waiver, NORDYNE would experience an economic hardship, as
discussed in the confidential attachment.
[[Page 40370]]
Known manufacturers of domestically marketed units of the same
product type are being notified in writing of this Petition for
Waiver and Application for Interim Waiver. A list of the names and
addresses of each person to whom a notice is being sent is attached.
Sincerely,
Wayne Reedy,
Vice President Engineering.
WRR:pdr
Enclosure
[FR Doc. 95-19203 Filed 8-7-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.