Oil and Gas and Sulphur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Mineral Management Service

30 CFR Part 250

RIN 1010-AB50

Oil and Gas and Sulphur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf

AGENCY: Minerals Management Service, Interior.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This proposed rule revises requirements for preventing

hydrogen sulfide (H2S releases and protecting human safety.

Requirements for visual and audible warning systems, personnel

protection, training, H2S and sulphur dioxide (SO2) detection

and monitoring, and H2S flaring are proposed.

DATES: Comments must be received or postmarked no later than July 10,

1995 to be considered in this rulemaking.

ADDRESSES: Comments should be mailed or hand-carried to the Department

of the Interior; Minerals Management Service; Mail Stop 4700; 381 Elden

Street; Herndon, Virginia 22070-4817; Attention: Chief, Engineering and

Standards Branch.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

E.P. Danenberger, telephone (703) 787-1598, or John Mirabella, (703)

787-1600.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

On January 19, 1989 (54 FR 2332), the Occupational Safety and

Health Administration (OSHA) published a final rule in the Federal

Register to amend requirements contained in 29 CFR 1910.1000. The

requirements concerned permissible exposure limits (PEL) for 164 toxic

substances that included H2S and SO2. The Minerals Management

Service (MMS) determined that its regulations at Sec. 250.67 should be

revised to be consistent with OSHA's PEL's and published proposed

revisions in the Federal Register on August 15, 1990 (55 FR 33326).

Requirements for training, signs, SO2 sensors, mud sensors, and

materials were also revised or added, and additional information was

requested regarding the calibration frequency of H2S sensors.

A Circuit Court Appeals Action invalidated OSHA's final rule. As a

consequence, OSHA resumed enforcing contaminant exposure limits that

were in effect prior to the issuance of new limits on January 19, 1989.

Because of the extensive revisions resulting from comments to the

proposed rule (published on August 15, 1990), and because of the court

decision on OSHA's 1989 final rule, MMS is re-proposing the rule and

requesting additional comments.

The MMS proposes to retain the H2S concentration level

thresholds similar to those in the current rule. Also, new sections

concerning H2S flaring and SO2 concentration levels have been

added.

The MMS proposes to incorporate the latest editions of the American

National Standards Institute's (ANSI) American National Standard

Practices for Respiratory Protection (ANSI Z88.2-1980) and the National

Association of Corrosion Engineers' (NACE) Standard (MR-01-75),

Recommended Practice (RP), Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic

Materials for Oil Field Equipment.

Discussion of Specific Comments

The following comments and responses are grouped by specific

section or paragraph title.

Subpart D--Oil and Gas Drilling Operations

Sec. 250.67(b) Definitions.

Comment: The term ``potentially result in atmospheric

concentrations of 15 ppm or more of H2S'' is vague and the

definition for ``Zones known to contain H2S'' should be limited to

facilities known to contain H2S where atmospheric concentrations

of 10 parts per million (ppm) or more of H2S have been verified.

Response: Because human safety is dependent upon advance

preparation, the definition for zones known to contain H2S must be

based on the potential for a high volume release. Gas with an H2S

concentration of only 20 ppm, if released at a rate of 1,000,000 cubic

feet per day (1,000 MCFD), exposes all personnel within 24 feet to

concentrations of 20 ppm (Pasquill-Gifford dispersion equation using

wind speed of 1 mile per hour). Therefore, the definition encompasses

most H2S-bearing zones which could flow in volumes of 1,000 MCFD

or more.

The 15-ppm concentration mentioned in the above comment has been

changed to 20 ppm, as currently required in the regulations.

Sec. 250.67(c) Request for classification of probability of

encountering H2S during operations.

Comment: The definition of ``Zones where the absence of H2S

has been confirmed,'' should recognize the possibility of H2S

being generated as a result of water flooding.

Response: The MMS agrees that H2S could be generated during

production operations in the initial stages of a new water flood

project. Paragraph (c) is amended to require a reclassification when

new data indicate the presence of H2S.

Sec. 250.67(e) Drilling and well-completion operations in zones where

the presence of H2S is unknown.

Comment: The first sentence of Sec. 250.67(e) should be revised to

require compliance with well-control fluid provisions in zones where

the presence of H2S is unknown.

Response: The MMS agrees with this suggestion. Compliance with the

fluid program requirements of paragraph (i) in an unknown area would

enable the operator to safely continue operations if H2S is

encountered. The title and text of paragraph (e) have been revised

accordingly.

Sec. 250.67(h)(1) H2S Contingency Plan.

Comment: Two commenters suggested a requirement for H2S-

detection, monitoring, and alarm systems on vessels attendant to a

facility. Hydrogen sulfide is heavier than air and tends to settle and

accumulate in lower areas. The commenters are concerned that horns and

lights from a production platform may be insufficient to warn a vessel

tied up below the platform or that gas might accumulate at the vessel

rather than the producing facility.

Response: The MMS agrees that a low volume, low-concentration

release of H2S might migrate down to a vessel moored on the

leeward side of the facility and be detected on the vessel before the

platform. The need for H2S sensors on attendant vessels depends on

the positioning procedures described in the Contingency Plan.

Requirements for sensors are specified in Sec. 250.67(h)(6) H2S-

detection and H2S-monitoring equipment (formerly paragraph

(h)(5)). A new paragraph (h)(6)(v) has been added to require H2S-

detection systems on certain vessels attendant to facilitates.

During a recent drilling operation, it was necessary to divert gas

containing H2S. Personnel from platforms as far away as 12 miles

had to be evacuated. This incident identified the importance of

notifying nearby manned facilities. The MMS has proposed to require

lists [[Page 25179]] of facilities to be notified in case of a release

of H2S.

Comment: Six organizations commented on the proposed new paragraph

(h)(1) (viii) and (ix) that addresses the toxic hazard of SO2, a

gas produced when H2S is ignited. The commenters suggested

clarification of the term ``portable monitors'' and the monitoring

procedures.

Response: The proposed rule allows the use of portable equipment to

monitor personnel exposure to SO2 when H2S is intentionally

or accidentally burned. The MMS recognizes that operators may choose

the use permanent SO2 detectors to monitor flares.

Other commenters suggested that the rule might be interpreted to

require continuous monitoring of the SO2. The MMS recognizes that

the irritating odor of SO2 warns personnel about its presence. The

purpose of the requirement is to have a means of measuring the

concentration to determine if PEL's are exceeded. The MMS has clarified

the requirement in new paragraphs (h)(1)(xi) (C) and (D).

New paragraph (h)(1)(xi).

The MMS has determined that the current regulations at 30 CFR

250.67 and 250.175 do not clearly address the flaring of gas containing

H2S. Therefore, a new paragraph has been added to require that the

H2S Contingency Plan described the operational conditions during

which gas containing H2S could be flared, estimate the maximum gas

flow rate, H2S concentration and duration of flaring, assess the

risks to personnel, and identify the precautionary measures to be

taken.

Sec. 250.67(h)(2) Training Program.

Comment: New training requirements are not needed unless there is

some specific reason for increased training.

Response: The proposed requirements do not include additional

training requirements. In fact, the requirement for training has been

reduced from a training session upon arrival and every subsequent 7-day

period, to an initial training session repeated annually.

Comment: The proposed definition of a ``visitor'' implies that

anyone remaining onboard overnight would be subject to annual H2S

training certification requirements. The commenter's opinion was that

the proposed briefing is adequate for all visitors whether or not they

depart the day of arrival.

Response: Any person who remains at a facility for an extended

period (i.e., overnight) should be fully trained in the hazards of

H2S and the provisions for personnel protection.

Comment: Visitors should be properly trained in the use of the type

of respirator available on the facility.

Response: The MMS agrees. Language has been added to require that

visitors be given a hands-on demonstration and practice in donning and

adjusting the assigned respirator.

Comment: Visitors not temporarily or permanently employed at the

facility should not be required to receive the full H2S training

required for operator and contract personnel.

Response: This paragraph was received to clarify that visitors who

do not remain overnight need only receive abbreviated training outlined

in the paragraph. However, visitors who do remain overnight will be

required to receive full H2S training.

Comment: Commenters on Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(iv) stated that OSHA plans

to withdraw the restriction on wearing contact lenses with a respirator

(29 CFR 1910.134(e)(5)(ii)) and recommended investigating this proposed

change and amending MMS requirement for consistency with the OSHA

requirement.

Response: The MMS is aware that OSHA has considered withdrawing the

restriction on wearing contact lenses with a respirator. If OSHA

publishes final revisions of this requirement, MMS will consider

revising its requirement accordingly.

Comment: The requirement of Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(v)(B) for three

resuscitators could be reduced for platforms having fewer than three

people onboard.

Response: Facilities that are manned for 24 hours per day will

normally have more than three people onboard, and visits to unmanned

facilities usually involve several people. Therefore, the proposed

requirement was not changed.

Sec. 250.67(h)(3) Drills.

Comment: The requirement for a drill within 24 hours after duty

begins and once during every subsequent 7-day period is excessive and

should be reduced.

Response: This is an existing requirement that has been

successfully implemented in the field. Contract personnel may only be

on the platform for a few days. The proposed requirement ensures that

they receive the benefit of regular drills. Further, the weekly

training requirement was eliminated with the understanding that each

employee would be participating in a weekly drill.

Sec. 250.67(h)(4) Visual warning system (formerly paragraph (h)(3)).

Comment: This paragraph was not initially proposed for revision,

but two commenters recommended that operators be allowed to display

colored lights as visual warning signs for H2S.

Response: The revised rule permits electronic systems that alert

vessels and clearly explain the danger.

Comment: Four organizations claimed that it is not possible to put

the wording ``Danger-Poisonous Gas-Hydrogen Sulfide'' in 12-inch-high

letters on a 4-foot x 8-foot sign and still have room for the wording

about the red warning flags.

Response: The MMS now proposes wording painted in the following

format on a sign 14.5 feet wide and 6 feet high:

In 12-inch-high letters:

DANGER

POISONOUS GAS

HYDROGEN SULFIDE

and in 7-inch-high letters:

DO NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING.

According to the Virginia Department of Transportation's highway

sign standard, 1 inch of letter height is required for each 50 feet of

safe reading distance; therefore, the 12-inch-high letters could be

safely read from a distance of 200 yards, and the 7-inch-high letters

could be safely read from a distance of 116 yards. The MMS considers

these distances to be sufficient for helicopter and vessel pilots to

read, heed, and change course.

The revised paragraph also provides the option of supplementing

existing signs, thereby saving the operator the expense of replacement

or repainting.

Comment: Exceptions to paragraph (h)(4)(ii)(D) should be allowed

for the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) approved safety zones since the signs

would be unreadable from vessels outside these safety zones.

Response: The intent of the proposed sign requirement is to warn

all types of craft, including private and commercial fishing boats and

vessels attendant to the facility, of the potentially toxic hazards.

The USCG approved safety zones are designed to prevent collisions of

large vessels with platforms and are not usually applicable to vessels

attendant to the facility or vessels under 100 feet in length.

Sec. 250.67(h)(5) Audible warning system (formerly paragraph (h)(4)).

Comment: Seven commenters suggested working changes to make it

clear that the monitoring equipment shall be capable of activating

alarms.

Response: The MMS agrees and has revised paragraph (h)(5)

accordingly. [[Page 25180]]

Sec. 250.67(h)(6) H2S-detection and H2S-monitoring equipment

(formerly paragraph (h)(5)).

Comment: Add the mud-return receiver tank (possum belly) and pipe-

trip tank to the list of specified areas where atmospheric H2S

sensors are required (paragraph (h)(6)(i)) because the potential for

the release of H2S is high at both of these places during

drilling, well-completion, or well-workover operations.

Response: The MMS agrees and has added those areas to the list of

H2S sensing points.

Comment: Five commenters disagreed with the provision in (h)(6)(i)

that allows the substitution of an in-the-mud sensor for the air sensor

required at the bell nipple. Two commenters supported the supplemental

use of in-the-mud sensors. One commenter suggested the deletion of the

provision that allows the District Supervisor discretion to require an

in-the-mud sensor at the bell nipple if the air sensor at that location

is habitually inoperative.

Response: The purpose of an in-the-mud sensor in the mud-return

line receiver tank is to detect the potential for H2S release, so

that corrective action can be taken. Further, an in-the-mud sensor may

be necessary if the air sensors at the nipple are subject to

contamination by splashed mud and rig floor washwater.

However, the air sensor at the bell nipple is necessary when the

mud-return line receiver tank is bypassed. This is a common occurrence

when tripping drill pipe. Therefore, proposed paragraph (h)(6)(i) only

provides for the supplementary use of in-the-mud sensors and authorizes

the District Supervisor to require such devices where the performance

of ambient air sensors has not been satisfactory.

Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(ii) (new paragraph).

Comment: Requirements for H2S sensors on production facilities

in proposed paragraph (h)(6)(i) are vague, and MMS should incorporate

the sensor location guidelines contained in the latest draft of the

American petroleum Institute's (API) RP for Analysis, Design,

Installation and Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore

Production Platforms, API RP 14C.

Response: The MMS agrees. A new paragraph (h)(1)(x) provides for a

drawing (in the H2S Contingency Plan) showing vessels, wellheads,

and other H2S handling equipment. New paragraph (h)(6)(ii) lists

the locations for the sensors required on production facilities.

Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(iii) (formerly (h)(5)(ii)).

Comment: Twelve commenters suggested a reduction in the calibration

frequency and the use of functional tests to determine when re-

calibration is required. None presented any data to support their

contention. One commenter suggested that daily functional testing begin

when the drill bit is 1,500 feet above the potential H2S zone.

Response: The proposed rule combines the suggestions of H2S

specialists and a functional test requirement specified in the

Instrument Society of America's (ISA) RP, Installation, Operation, and

Maintenance of Hydrogen Sulfide Detection Instruments, ISA-RP 12.15,

Part II-1990. The revision proposes a reduction in function testing and

calibration frequencies while authorizing the District Supervisor to

require more frequent testing when warranted.

Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(iv) (formerly (h)(5)(iii)).

Comment: The term ``H2S-detection ampoules'' is ambiguous and

trade restrictive.

Response: The MMS agrees and has revised the proposal to require

``portable H2S-detection devices.''

Because employees entering an area will be exposed to danger before

they can use a portable device, the proposed rule does not allow

operators to use portable devices to monitor poorly ventilated areas.

Proposed paragraphs (h)(6) (i) and (ii) address areas where H2S

may accumulate and requires fixed sensors. Portable devices may be used

in other instances such as when the lessee needs to monitor H2S in

nearby facilities.

Sec. 250.67(h)(7) SO2-detection and SO2-monitoring equipment

(new paragraph (h)(7)).

Comment: Operators should have the option to use portable or fixed

SO2 monitors to monitor air quality while burning gas containing

H2S.

Another commenter recommended that monitors be capable of detecting

a minimum of 2 ppm of SO2, and that, in lieu of prescribed

emergency actions, personnel protection measures should follow the

operator's approved Contingency Plan.

Response: These comments were adopted.

Sec. 250.67(h)(8)(i) (formerly paragraph (h)(6)(i)).

Comment: Require pressure-demand-type respirators with hoseline

capability and a specified self-contained breathing time.

Response: The MMS agrees. The proposal requires compliance with

ANSI's Z88.2, Practices for Respiratory Protection, which allows use of

several types of respirators. The first sentence has been revised to

require that all respirators have hoseline capability and nominal

breathing time of at least 15 minutes.

Comment: A specified number of spectacle kits and voice-

transmission devices suitable for use with breathing apparatus should

be required.

Response: The MMS agrees and proposes that at least two voice

transmission devices be available. The requirement for spectacle kits

remains ``as needed'' depending on the number of crew members and

potential visitors wearing glasses.

Sec. 250.67(h)(11) Notification of regulatory agencies (formerly

paragraph (h)(9)).

Comment: Clarify reporting for releases of H2S to the USCG and

MMS so that routine releases associated with testing, repair, or

maintenance of equipment need not be reported.

Response: The MMS has revised paragraph (h)(11) to limit reporting

requirements for low-level releases. We have also deleted the

requirement for reporting to the USCG because a Memorandum of

Understanding between MMS and USCG assigns MMS lead responsibility for

H2S control equipment, gas detection systems, and personnel

protection. The MMS will notify the USCG as soon as a potentially

hazardous H2S release has been reported.

Sec. 250.67(l) Metallurgical properties of equipment for use in a zone

known to contain H2S--(1) General provisions.

Comment: Analyses of failure modes should be done for all

materials--not only ones requiring approval under the NACE Standard MR-

01-75.

Response: The MMS agrees and has revised paragraph (l)(1) in

Sec. 250.67.

Sec. 250.67(1)(6) Welding.

Comment: Clarify that the welding requirement is applicable to

production facilities.

Response: The MMS agrees and has revised and retitled paragraph

(l)(6).

Subpart K--Oil and Gas Production Rates

Sec. 250.175 Flaring and venting of gas.

New paragraph (d).

For safety and emission control purposes, the Regional Supervisor

is authorized to restrict the routine flaring of H2S. A monthly

report of volumes flared and H2S concentrations is

required. [[Page 25181]]

Authors

The principal authors of this proposed rule are E.P. Danenberger

and Lloyd M. Tracey, Engineering and Technology Division, MMS.

Executive Order (E.O.) 12866

This rule was reviewed under E.O. 12866. The rule was determined

not to be a significant rule under the criteria of E.O. 12866 and was,

therefore, not reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget. (OMB).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

The Department of the Interior (DOI) has also determined that this

proposed rule will not have a significant economic effect on a

substantial number of small entities because, in general, the entities

that engage in activities offshore are not considered small due to the

technical complexities and financial resources necessary to conduct

such activities.

Paperwork Reduction Act

This proposed rule adds new information collection requirements to

subparts D and K. The information collection requirements contained in

this rule have been submitted to OMB for approval as required by the

Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). The collection of

this information will not be required until it has been approved by

OMB. Public reporting burden for the H2S information collection

requirements contained in subparts D and K are estimated to average 12

hours and 1 hour per response, respectively, including the time for

reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and

maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the

collection of information. Send comments regarding these burden

estimates or any other aspect of this collection of information,

including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Information

Collection Clearance Officer; Minerals Management Service; Mail Stop

2053, 381 Elden Street; Herndon, Virginia 22070-4817, and the Office of

Management and Budget; Paperwork Reduction Project (1010-0053) for

subpart D and (1010-0041) for subpart K; Washington, DC 20503,

telephone (202) 395-7340.

Takings Implication Assessment

The DOI certifies that the proposed rule does not represent a

governmental action capable of interference with constitutionally

protected property rights. Thus, a Takings Implication Assessment need

not be prepared pursuant to E.O. 12630, Government Action and

Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights.

E.O. 12778

The DOI has certified to OMB that this proposed rule meets the

applicable civil justice reform standards provided in sections 2(a) and

2(b)(2) of E.O. 12778.

National Environmental Policy Act

The DOI has determined that this action does not constitute a major

Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human

environment; therefore, preparation of an Environmental Impact

Statement is not required.

List of Subjects in 30 CFR Part 250

Continental shelf, Environmental impact statements, Environmental

protection, Government contracts, Incorporation by reference,

Investigations, Mineral royalties, Oil and gas development and

production, Oil and gas exploration, Oil and gas reserves, Penalties,

Pipelines, Public lands-mineral resources, Public lands--rights-of-way,

Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Sulphur development and

production, Sulphur exploration, Surety bonds.

Dated: March 21, 1995.

Bob Armstrong,

Assistant Secretary, Land and Minerals Management.

For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 30 CFR part 250 is

proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 250--OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER

CONTINENTAL SHELF

1. The authority citation for part 250 continues to read as

follows:

Authority: 43 U.S.C. 1334.

2. In Sec. 250.1, paragraphs (c)(7) and (g)(1) are revised as

follows:

Sec. 250.1 Documents incorporated by reference.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(7) ANSI Z88.2-1992, Practices for Respiratory Protection,

Incorporated by Reference at: Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(iv) and (h)(6)(i).

* * * * *

(g) * * *

(1) NACE Standard MR-01-92, Recommended Practice, Sulfide Stress

Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field Equipment,

January 1992, Incorporated by Reference at: Sec. 250.67(1)(3).

* * * * *

3. In Sec. 250.2, Definitions, revise the definition Zones known to

contain (H2S) and in the definition Zones where the absence of

H2S has been confirmed, revise paragraph (1), remove paragraph

(2), and redesignate paragraph (3) as paragraph (2) to read as follows:

Sec. 250.2 Definitions.

* * * * *

Zones known to contain H2S means geologic formations where

prior drilling, logging, coring, testing, or producing operations have

confirmed the presence of H2S in concentrations and volumes that

could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations of 20 parts per

million (ppm) or more of H2S.

Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed means one of

the following: (1) Geologic formations where prior drilling, logging,

coring, testing, or producing operations have confirmed the absence of

H2S in concentrations and volumes that could potentially result in

atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S,

* * * * *

4. In Sec. 250.67(b), revise the definition Zones known to contain

H2S and in the definition Zones where the absence of H2S has

been confirmed revise paragraph (1), remove paragraph (2), and

redesignate paragraph (3) as paragraph (2) to read as follows:

Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

Zones known to contain H2S means geologic formations where

prior drilling, logging, coring, testing, or producing operations have

confirmed the presence of H2S in concentrations and volumes that

could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or

more of H2S.

Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed means one of

the following: (1) Geologic formations where prior drilling, logging,

coring, testing, or producing operations have confirmed the absence of

H2S in concentrations and volumes that could potentially result in

atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S;

* * * * *

5-8. In Sec. 250.67, revise paragraphs (c) through (f) to read as

follows:

(c) Requirement for classification or reclassification of

probability of encountering H2S during operations. The lessee

shall:

(1) Obtain an approved classification for the area from the

Regional Supervisor before beginning operations. Classifications are:

(i) ``Zones known to contain H2S'';

(ii) ``Zones where the presence of H2S is unknown'';

or [[Page 25182]]

(iii) ``Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed.''

(2) Submit a request for reclassification of a zone when additional

data indicate a different classification is needed.

(d) Requirements for drilling, well-completion, and well-workover

operations in zones known to contain H2S. The lessee shall comply

with paragraphs (d), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) (1) through (5), and (m)

(1) through (13) of this section.

(e) Requirements for drilling and well-completion operations in

zones where the presence of H2S is unknown. The lessee shall

comply with paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section. If H2S is

encountered that could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations

of 20 ppm or more of H2S, the lessee shall follow requirements of

paragraph (d) of this section.

(f) Requirements for production operations in zones known to

contain H2S. Lessee shall comply with the requirements in

paragraphs (h), (l) (1) through (6), and (m) (7) through (15) of this

section.

* * * * *

9. In Sec. 250.67(h), revise paragraphs (h)(1) (iii) through (v),

redesignate paragraph (h)(1)(vi) as paragraph (h)(1)(viii), and revise

redesignated paragraph (h)(1)(viii); redesignate (h)(1)(vii) as

paragraph (h)(1)(ix) and add new paragraphs (h)(1) (vi), (vii), (x),

and (xi); revise paragraph (h)(2); redesignate paragraph (h)(3) as

paragraph (h)(4) and revise redesignated paragraphs (h)(4)(ii) (A),

(D), and (E); add new paragraph (h)(3); redesignate paragraph (h)(4) as

paragraph (h)(5) and revise redesignated paragraph (h)(5); redesignate

paragraph (h)(5) as paragraph (h)(6) and revise redesignated paragraph

(h)(6); redesignate paragraph (h)(6) as paragraph (h)(8) and revise

redesignated paragraphs (h)(8) (i) and (v); redesignate paragraph

(h)(7) as paragraph (h)(9) and revise redesignated paragraph (h)(9)(v);

add new paragraph (h)(7); redesignate paragraph (h)(8) as paragraph

(h)(10); redesignate paragraph (h)(9) as paragraph (h)(11) and revise

it.

Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.

* * * * *

(h) * * *

(1) * * *

(iii) Duties, responsibilities, and operating procedures to be

initiated when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere reaches

20 ppm. Include a description of the audible and visual alarms to be

activated.

(iv) Designation of briefing areas for assembly of personnel during

an H2S alert. At least two briefing areas shall be established on

each facility. The briefing area that is upwind of the H2S source

at any given time shall be the designated briefing area.

(v) Procedures for the deboarding and safe evacuation of all

personnel from the facility by vessel, capsule, or lifeboat. If

helicopters are to be used during H2S alerts, include a

description of the types of H2S emergencies during which the risk

of helicopter activity is deemed acceptable and the precautions during

such flights.

(vi) Procedures for the safe positioning of all vessels attendant

to the facility (including their location with respect to wind

direction and distance from the facility) and for emergency relocation.

(vii) Procedures for providing protective-breathing equipment for

all personnel, including contractors and visitors.

(viii) A list of agencies and facilities to be notified in case of

a release of H2S and the procedure for notification. Include the

identification and telephone numbers of all facilities that might be

exposed to atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S.

* * * * *

(x) For production facilities producing gas containing 20 ppm or

more of H2S, an ``H2S Detector Location Drawing'' showing the

following:

(A) All vessels, flare outlets, wellheads, and other equipment

handling production containing H2S;

(B) The approximate maximum concentration of H2S in the gas

stream; and

(C) The location of all H2S sensors required by paragraph

(h)(6)(ii) of this section.

(xi) The H2S Contingency Plan shall describe the operational

conditions during which gas containing H2S would be flared,

estimate the maximum gas flow rates, H2S concentrations and

duration of flaring, assess the risks to personnel, and identify the

precautionary measures to be taken. The precautions shall include:

(A) Primary and alternate methods for igniting the flare and

procedures for sustaining ignition and monitoring the status of the

flare (i.e., ignited or extinguished).

(B) Procedures for shutting off flow to the flare in the event the

flare is accidentally or intentionally extinguished.

(C) A complete description of portable or fixed sulphur dioxide

(SO2)-detection system(s) to be used to determine the SO2

concentration and personnel exposure hazard when gas containing

H2S is burned.

(D) A description of the increased monitoring and warning

procedures to be taken when the SO2 concentration in the

atmosphere reaches 2 ppm and personnel protection measures or

evacuation procedures to be initiated when the SO2 concentration

in the atmosphere reaches 5 ppm.

(2) Training program. All operator and contract personnel shall

complete an H2S training program, as described in the operator's

approved H2S Contingency Plan, before beginning work at an Outer

Continental Shelf facility. Maintain written documentation of this

training at the facility where the individual is employed.

Alternatively, the employee may carry a training completion card. The

H2S training program described below shall be repeated within 1

year after completion of the previous class. Employees or contractors

transferred to another facility shall attend a supplemental briefing on

H2S equipment and procedures at that facility before beginning

duty. Visitors who will remain on the facility overnight shall receive

the training described in this paragraph. Visitors who will depart on

the day of arrival are exempt from the training described in this

paragraph, but they shall, upon arrival, complete an abbreviated

training program that includes the following: Information on the

location and use of an assigned respirator; practice in donning and

adjusting the assigned respirator; information on the safe briefing

areas, alarm system, and hazards of H2S and SO2; and

instructions on their responsibilities in the event of an H2S

release. Safety information shall be prominently posted on the facility

and on vessels serving the facility. The training program shall include

the following:

(i) Instruction on the hazards of H2S and SO2 and the

provisions for personnel safety contained in the H2S Contingency

Plan.

(ii) Instruction in the proper use of safety equipment which the

employee may be required to use.

(iii) Information on the location of protective-breathing

equipment, H2S detectors and alarms, ventilation equipment,

briefing areas, warning systems, evacuation procedures, and the

direction of the prevailing winds.

(iv) Restrictions and corrective measures concerning beards,

spectacles, and contact lenses in conformance with ANSI's Practices for

Respiratory Protection (ANSI Z88.2).

(v) Instruction in basic first-aid procedures applicable to victims

of H2S exposure. During all drills and training sessions, the

lessee shall address procedures for rescue and first aid for H2S

victims. Lessee shall have readily [[Page 25183]] available on each

facility, and instruct personnel as to the location and use of, the

following equipment:

(A) A first-aid kit of appropriate size and content for the number

of personnel on the facility;

(B) At least three resuscitators complete with face masks, oxygen

bottles, and spare oxygen bottles; and

(C) At least one litter or an equivalent device.

(vi) Information on the meaning of all warning signals.

(3) Drills. Conduct a drill for each person at the facility within

24 hours after duty begins and at least once during every subsequent 7-

day period. At least monthly, a discussion of drill performance, new

H2S considerations at the facility, and other updated H2S

information shall be topics at facility safety meetings. Keep records

of attendance for drilling, well-completion, and well-workover

operations at the facility until operations are completed. Keep records

of attendance for production operations at the facility or at the

nearest field office for 1 year.

(4) * * *

(ii) * * *

(A) Each sign shall be a high-visibility yellow color with black

lettering of a minimum of 12 inches in height reading as follows:

DANGER

POISONOUS GAS

HYDROGEN SULFIDE

and in lettering of a minimum of 7 inches in height:

DO NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING

Existing signs containing the words ``Danger-Hydrogen Sulfide-

H2S'' are acceptable provided the words ``POISONOUS GAS'' and ``DO

NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING'' in lettering of a minimum of 7

inches in height are displayed on a sign immediately adjacent to the

existing sign.

* * * * *

(D) When the atmospheric concentration of H2S reaches 20 ppm,

display signs and flags and activate visual and audible alarms.

(E) Display warning signs required under paragraph (h)(4)(ii)(A) of

this section at all times on facilities with wells capable of producing

H2S and on facilities which process gas containing H2S.

* * * * *

(5) Audible warning system. Install a public address system and a

siren, horn, or other similar warning devices with a unique sound used

only for H2S warnings. The warning devices (audible and visual)

shall be suitable for the electrical classification of the area and

shall be activated by the H2S-detection system when the

concentration of H2S in the atmosphere reaches 20 ppm. When the

warning devices are activated, the designated responsible persons shall

inform personnel of the level of danger and issue instructions on the

initiation of appropriate protective measures.

(6) H2S-detection and H2S-monitoring equipment. (1) Each

facility shall have an H2S-detection system that activates audible

and visual alarms when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere

reaches 20 ppm. The detection systems shall be capable of sensing a

minimum of 10 ppm of H2S in the atmosphere. For drilling, well-

completion, and well-workover operations, sensors shall be located at

the bell nipple, mud-return line receiver tank (possum belly), pipe-

trip tank, shale shaker, well-control fluid pit area, driller's

station, living quarters, and all other areas where H2S may

accumulate. H2S-detection systems that measure hydrogen-ion (pH)

and hydrosulfide-ion (HS) and sulfide-ion (S=) concentrations in

the mud and calculate and display the theoretical concentration of

H2S that could exist in the air above the mud may be used in

water-based muds to supplement the required in-the-air sensors. The

District Supervisor may require such a mud sensor to be utilized in the

mud-return line receiver tank (possum belly) in cases where the ambient

air sensors in the mud-return system do not consistently and accurately

detect the presence of H2S.

(ii) On production facilities, locate H2S detection sensors as

follows:

(A) At least one sensor per 400 square feet of deck area or

fractional part thereof, in rooms, buildings, or deck areas where

atmospheric concentrations of H2S could reach 20 ppm or more.

(B) In buildings where personnel regularly or occasionally sleep

and on a platform where gas containing H2S of 20 ppm or greater is

produced, processed, or otherwise handled.

(C) Within 10 feet of all vessels, compressors, wellheads,

manifolds, and pumps that could release H2S in volumes and

concentrations sufficient to result in atmospheric concentrations of 20

ppm of H2S at a distance of 10 feet. These sensor locations shall

be depicted in the ``H2S Detector Location Drawing'' required by

paragraph (h)(1)(x) of this section. One sensor may be utilized to

detect H2S around multiple pieces of equipment, provided the

sensor is located no more than 10 feet from each piece. Monitor

compressors exceeding 50 horse power with at least two sensors. Wells

shut in at the master valve and sealed closed are exempt. Consider the

location of piping system fittings, flanges, valves, and other devices

subject to leaks to the atmosphere in determining the placement of

sensors. Also consider design factors, such as the type of decking and

the location of fire walls, in the placement of sensors.

(iii)(A) Functionally test the H2S-detection and H2S-

monitoring equipment with a known concentration in the range of 10 to

30 ppm of H2S at least once every 24 hours when conducting

drilling, drill stem testing, well-completion, and/or well-workover

operations in wells in areas classified as zones where the presence of

H2S is unknown or known. When drilling, begin functional testing

before the bit is 1,500 feet (vertically) above a potential H2S

zone.

(B) Functionally test the H2S detectors and monitors for

production operations with a known concentration in the range of 10 to

30 ppm of H2S at a frequency such that no more than 14 days shall

elapse between functional tests.

(C) If the results of any functional test are not within 2 ppm or

10 percent, whichever is greater, of the applied concentration,

recalibrate the instrument. The functional tests and calibrations shall

be conducted by personnel trained to calibrate the particular H2S-

detector and H2S-monitoring equipment being used. Maintain records

of testing and calibration results at the facility to show the present

status and history of each device, including dates and details of

installation, removal, inspection, testing, repairing, adjustments, and

reinstallation. Record dates of testing and calibrations in the

drilling or production operations report, as applicable. Records shall

be available for inspection by MMS personnel. When equipment requires

recalibration as a result of two consecutive functional tests, the

District Supervisor may require the H2S-detection and H2S-

monitoring equipment to be functionally tested and calibrated more

frequently.

(iv) Portable H2S-detection devices capable of detecting a 10-

ppm concentration of H2S in the air shall be available for use by

all personnel.

(v) Lessee shall equip attendant vessels that are stationed

overnight alongside facilities where the presence of H2S is known

or unknown with an H2S-detection system that activates audible and

visual alarms when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere

reaches 20 ppm. The detection system shall be capable of sensing a

minimum 10 ppm of H2S in the atmosphere with at least one sensing

point in the crew [[Page 25184]] quarters. This requirement is not

applicable to attendant vessels that, in accordance with the

positioning procedure described in the approved H2S Contingency

Plan required by paragraph (h)(1)(vi) of this section, are positioned

upwind and at a safe distance from the facility.

(vi) The District Supervisor may require the lessee to equip nearby

facilities with portable or fixed H2S detector(s). These detectors

shall be tested and calibrated in accordance with paragraph (h)(6)(iii)

of this section.

(7) SO2-detection and SO2-monitoring equipment. If gas

containing H2S is accidentally or intentionally burned, the

operator shall monitor the SO2 concentration in the air with

portable or strategically placed fixed devices capable of detecting a

minimum of 2 ppm of SO2. Reading shall be taken at least hourly

and at any time personnel detect SO2 odor or nasal irritation. The

District Supervisory may waive the monitoring requirements of this

paragraph provided sufficient engineering controls, such as ventilation

systems and multiple flare booms or elevated flare booms, are utilized

to effectively minimize or eliminate the hazards associated with

SO2. If the SO2 concentration in the work areas reaches 2

ppm, the personnel protective measures specified in the H2S

Contingency Plan shall be implemented. If fixed or portable electronic

sensing devices are used, these devices shall be calibrated every 3

months. If length of stain gas detector tub type detectors are sued,

the sensing date shall not exceed the expiration dates for the tubes

used.

(8) * * *

(i) Personnel, including contractors and visitors on a facility

operating in a zone known to contain H2S or a zone where the

presence of H2S of unknown, shall have immediate access to self-

contained pressure-demand-type respirators with hoseline capability and

a nominal breathing time of at least 15 minutes, The design, selection,

use, and maintenance of these respirators shall conform to ANSI Z88.2,

Practices for Respiratory Protection. At least two voice-transmission

devices, which can be used while wearing a respirator, shall be

available for use by designated key personnel. Spectacle kits shall be

made available as needed.

* * * * *

(v) Helicopter flights to and from facilities during H2S

alerts shall be limited to the conditions specified in the H2S

Contingency Plan. During authorized flights, pressure-demand-type

respirators shall be utilized as required by the plan. All members of

flight crews shall be trained in the use of the particular type(s) of

respirator equipment made available.

* * * * *

(9) * * *

(v) At least three resuscitators.

* * * * *

(11) Notification of regulatory agencies. The lessee shall notify

MMS without delay in the event of a gas release which results in a 15-

minute time weighted average (TWA) atmospheric concentration of

H2S anywhere on the facility of 20 ppm or more.

10. In Sec. 250.67(i), revise the title of paragraph (i) and revise

paragraphs (i)(1), (i)(2), and (i)(3)(i) to read as follows:

Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.

* * * * *

(i) Drilling, completion, and workover fluids program when

operating in a zone known to contain H2S or a zone where the

presence of H2S is unknown.--(1) Well-control fluid base. Lessee

may use either water- or oil-base muds in accordance with

Sec. 250.40(b)(1).

(2) Well-control fluid testing. If water-base, well-control fluids

are used, and if H2S is detected by ambient air sensors, either

the Garrett-Gas-Train test or a comparable test for soluble sulfides

shall be conducted immediately to confirm the presence of H2S. If

the concentration detected by air sensors is in excess of 20 ppm,

personnel conducting the test shall don protective-breathing equipment

conforming to paragraph (h)(8)(i) of this section.

(3) * * *

(i) Scavengers. Scavengers for control of H2S shall be

available on the facility. When H2S is detected, scavengers shall

be added as needed. Drilling shall be suspended until the scavenger is

circulated throughout the system.

* * * * *

11. In Sec. 250.67(k), revise paragraph (k)(3) to read as follows:

Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.

* * * * *

(k) * * *

(3) All produced gases shall be burned through a flare which meets

the requirements of paragraph (m)(7) of this section. Prior to flaring

gas containing H2S, the lessee shall activate SO2 monitoring

equipment in accordance with paragraph (h)(7) of this section. If

SO2 in excess of 2 ppm is detected, the lessee shall implement the

personnel protective measures required by the H2S Contingency Plan

specifications of paragraph (h)(1)(xi)(D) of this section. The flaring

of well test gas is also subject to the requirement of Sec. 250.175.

Gases from stored test fluids shall be piped into the flare outlet and

burned.

* * * * *

12. In Sec. 250.67(1), revise paragraphs (l)(1) and (l) (2) and the

title and text of paragraph (l)(6) to read as follows:

Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.

* * * * *

(l) Metallurgical properties of equipment for use in a zone known

to contain H2S--(1) General provisions. Equipment used in H2S

environments shall be constructed of materials with metallurgical

properties that resist or prevent sulfide stress cracking (also known

as hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, or H2S

embrittlement) chloride-stress cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, and

other failure modes.

(2) Tubulars and other equipment. Tubulars and other equipment,

casing, tubing, drill pipe, couplings, flanges, and related equipment

shall be designed for H2S service.

* * * * *

(6) Welding. The lessee shall keep the use of welding to a minimum

during the installation or modification of a production facility.

Welding shall be done in a manner that ensures resistance to sulfide

stress cracking.

* * * * *

13. In Sec. 250.67(m), revise paragraphs (m) (1), (4), and (13) to

read as follows:

Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.

* * * * *

(m) * * *

(1) Additional precautions after penetration of an H2S-bearing

zone. In addition to the monitoring requirements in paragraph (h)(6)(i)

of this section, continuously observe the H2S levels indicated by

the monitors in the work areas during the following operations:

* * * * *

(4) Stripping operations. Personnel shall monitor displaced well-

control fluid returns and wear protective-breathing equipment in the

working area when the atmospheric concentration of the H2S reaches

20 ppm or if the well is under pressure.

* * * * *

(13) Water disposal. For produced water disposed of by means other

than subsurface injection, the lessee shall submit to the District

Supervisor an analysis of the anticipated H2S content of the water

at the final treatment vessel and at the discharge point. The District

Supervisor may require that the water be treated for the removal of

H2S. The District Supervisor may require the submittal of an

updated analysis if the [[Page 25185]] water disposal rate or the

potential H2S content increases.

* * * * *

14. In Sec. 250.175, Flaring and venting of gas, add new paragraph

(d) as follows:

Sec. 250.175 Flaring and venting of gas.

* * * * *

(d) Requirements for flaring and venting of gas containing

H2S--(1) Flaring of gas containing H2S. (i) The Regional

Supervisor may, for safety and air pollution prevention purposes,

further restrict the flaring of gas containing H2S. Information

provided in the lessee's H2S Contingency Plan

(Sec. 250.67(h)(1)(xi)), Exploration Plan, or Development and

Production Plan, and associated documents will be used in determining

the need for such restrictions.

(ii) If the Regional Supervisor determines that flaring at a

facility or group of facilities may significantly affect the air

quality of an onshore area, the Regional Supervisor may require the

operator(s) to conduct an air quality modeling analysis to determine

the potential effect of facility emissions on onshore ambient

concentrations of SO2. The Regional Supervisor may require

monitoring and reporting or may restrict or prohibit flaring pursuant

to Secs. 250.45 and 250.46.

(2) Venting of gas containing H2S. The lessee shall not vent

gas containing H2S except for minor releases during maintenance

and repair activities that do not result in a 15-minute TWA atmospheric

concentration of H2S of 20 ppm or higher anywhere on the platform.

(3) Reporting of flared gas containing H2S. In addition to the

recordkeeping requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section,

the operator shall submit to the Regional Supervisor a monthly report

of flared and vented gas containing H2S. The report shall contain

the following information:

(i) On a daily basis, the volume and duration of each flaring

episode.

(ii) H2S concentration in the flared gas.

(iii) Calculated amount of SO2 emitted.

[FR Doc. 95-11538 Filed 5-10-95; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4310-MR-M