Contractors' Safety for Ammunition and Explosives

Federal RegisterDec 16, 1994

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Office of the Secretary

32 CFR Part 184

[DoD 4145.26-M]

Contractors' Safety for Ammunition and Explosives

AGENCY: Office of the Secretary of Defense, DoD.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Department of Defense (DoD) proposes to codify its revised

explosives safety standards for ammunition and explosives (A&E) work

performed under DoD contracts. This proposed rule is necessary to

minimize the potential for mishaps that could interrupt DoD operations,

delay project completion dates, adversely impact DoD production base or

capability, damage or destroy DoD-owned material/equipment, cause

injury to DoD personnel, or endanger the general public.

DATES: Comments are requested by February 14, 1995.

ADDRESSES: Send inquiries, data, views, and arguments concerning the

proposed standards to: Chairman, Department of Defense Explosives

Safety Board, (DDESB), 2461 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22331-

0600.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Ray B. Sawyer, Director, Technical Programs Division, DDESB, telephone

(703) 325-8624.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of Defense in

accordance with 10 U.S.C. 172, DoD Directive 6055.9 established the

Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board as a joint activity of

the Department of Defense subject to the direction, authority and

control of the Secretary of Defense. The majority of the standards

impacting upon the public were adopted prior to the enactment of the

Administrative Procedure Act. This proposed rule is intended to ensure

public awareness of the extent of the explosives safety standards as

well as offer the public an opportunity to comment on the standards.

Written comments may be submitted to the addressee above. All comments

will be available for examination upon request.

Subpart Q is under development. When complete, it will provide

information only--no requirements. The information will address the

HCSDS sometimes furnished with solicitations or contracts to provide an

insight into potentially hazardous characteristics of the materials

involved in the production of the item addressed in the solicitation.

Contractors retain the ultimate responsibility for assuring the safety

of their personnel and establishment.

Information provided by the HCSDS is derived from other sources.

Verification of such data as shipping and storage hazard division and

storage compatibility group information must be done through the DoD

Joint Hazard Classification System (JHCS) or Title 49, Code of Federal

Regulations.

As stated in Sec. 184.47(d) to Subpart E, these classifications

pertain to A&E packaged for transportation or storage. Such hazard

classification information may not be valid when applied to the hazards

associated with manufacturing or loading processes, For such processes,

the materials and processes must be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

Sources of information to support this analysis are available from

service research and development organizations through contract

channels and other sources. The methodologies described in

Sec. 184.199(d) to Subpart P for propellants is an example of an

acceptable approach. Subpart H, Sec. 184.73 through Sec. 184.81

provides examples of processes requiring analysis to determine the

hazards.

The benefits of this proposed rule in terms of the protection of

the public and ensuring contract performance are expected to balance

its potential cost or administrative impacts. Only provisions related

to conventional A&E operations have been included in this proposed

rule. No attempt was made to encompass general industrial safety,

occupational health concerns, chemical warfare agents, radiation, or

over-the-road transportation requirements, because these are either the

responsibility of other regulatory agencies (for example, DOT, DOL/

OSHA, or NRC) or may be addressed elsewhere in the contract by the

procuring activity. Budgetary effects of this proposed rule are minimal

since existing DoD Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement coverage

already requires compliance with safety requirements in A&E

solicitations and contracts. Finally, because this proposed rule is

needed to minimize the potential for A&E mishaps that could adversely

impact DoD and the public, timely publication in the Federal Register

is important.

E.O. 12866, Federal Regulation

This proposed rule does not: (1) Have an annual effect on the

economy of $100 million or more or adversely affect in a material way

the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs,

the environment, public health or safety, or state, local, or tribal

governments.

(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an

action taken or planned by another agency.

(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlement, grants,

user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients

thereof; or

(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal

mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in

this Executive Order.

Paperwork Reduction Act

The proposed rule imposes no obligatory information requirements

beyond internal Department of Defense needs.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

It has been certified that this proposed rule, if promulgated,

shall be exempt from the requirements under 5 U.S.C. 601-612. This

proposed rule does not have a significant economic impact on small

entities as defined in the Act.

Lists of Subjects in 32 CFR Part 184

Arms and munitions, Civil defense, Hazardous substances,

Organization and functions (Government agencies).

L. M. Bynum,

Alternate OSD Federal Register Liaison Officer, Department of Defense.

Accordingly, it is proposed that 32 CFR chapter I, subchapter H, be

amended to add part 184 to read as follows:

PART 184--DOD CONTRACTORS' SAFETY FOR AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES

Subpart A--Introduction

Sec:

184.1 Acronyms.

184.2 Purpose.

184.3 Applicability.

184.4 Mandatory and advisory requirement.

184.5 Responsibilities.

184.6 Compliance with mandatory requirements.

184.7 Site and construction plans.

184.8 Pre-award safety survey.

184.9 Pre-operational survey.

Subpart B--Mishap Investigation and Reporting

184.11 General.

184.12 Reporting criteria.

184.13 Mishap scene.

184.14 Telephone report.

184.15 Written report.

184.16 On-site government assistance.

184.17 Technical mishap investigation and report.

Subpart C--Safe Practices

184.19 General.

184.20 Personnel and materials limits.

184.21 Standing operating procedures (SOPs).

184.22 Storage in operating buildings.

184.23 Housekeeping in hazardous areas.

184.24 Explosives waste in operating areas.

184.25 Procedure before electrical storms.

184.26 Explosives in process during shutdown.

184.27 Maintenance and repairs to equipment and buildings.

184.28 Safety hand-tools.

184.29 Operational shields.

184.30 Special clothing.

184.31 Conductive footwear.

184.32 Materials handling equipment.

184.33 Parking of privately owned vehicles.

184.34 Prohibited articles in hazardous areas.

184.35 Photographic materials in hazardous areas.

184.36 Operational explosives containers.

184.37 Intraplant rail transportation.

184.38 Intraplant motor vehicle transportation.

184.39 Inspection of pyrotechnic, propellant and explosive mixers.

Subpart D--Principles and Application of Quantity/Distance (Q/D),

Standard Explosives Facilities, and Siting Requirements

184.40 General.

184.41 Quantity/distance (Q/D).

184.42 Establishment of quantity of explosives and distances.

184.43 Permissible exposures to blast overpressure.

184.44 Ammunition and explosives facilities.

184.45 Specific siting requirements.

Appendix A to Subpart D of Part 184--Determination of Barricade Height

(Level Terrain)

Appendix B to Subpart D of Part 184--Determination of Barricade Height

(Sloping Terrain)

Appendix C to Subpart D of Part 184--Determination of Barricade Length

Subpart E--Storage Compatibility System

184.47 General.

184.48 Storage compatibility grouping.

184.49 Explosives hazard classification procedures.

Appendix A to Subpart E of Part 184--Storage Compatibility Mixing Chart

Subpart F--Hazard Classification and Q/D Criteria

184.51 General.

184.52 Hazard classes and class divisions.

184.53 Hazard Division 1.1--mass detonating.

184.54 Application of intermagazine distances for Hazard Division

1.1 only.

184.55 Hazard Division 1.2--nonmass detonating, fragment producing.

184.56 Hazard Division 1.3--mass fire.

184.57 Hazard Division 1.4--moderate fire, no blast.

184.58 Hazard Division 1.5 and 1.6.

184.59 Airfields.

184.60 Pier and wharf facilities.

Appendix A to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.1-Inhabited

Building Distance And Public Traffic Route Distances

Appendix B to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.1-Intraline

Distances

Appendix C to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.1-Intraline

Distances From Earth-Covered Magazines

Appendix D to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.1-

Intermagazine Hazard Factors and Distances

Appendix E to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.1-Fragment

Hazard (Primary/Secondary)

Appendix F to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.1-Minimum

Fragment Protection Distances for Selected Items

Appendix G to Subpart F of Part 184--Effects of Magazine Orientation

on Q/D

Appendix H to Subpart F of Part 184--Category (04), Hazard Division

1.2-Nonmass detonating, Fragment Producing

Appendix I to Subpart F of Part 184--Category (08), Hazard Division

1.2-Nonmass detonating, Fragment Producing

Appendix J to Subpart F of Part 184--Category (12), Hazard Division

1.2-Nonmass detonating, Fragment Producing

Appendix K to Subpart F of Part 184--Category (18), Hazard Division

1.2-Nonmass detonating, Fragment Producing

Appendix L to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.3-Mass Fire

Appendix M to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.4-Moderate

Fire, No Blast

Appendix N to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.6N and EIDS

Components

Appendix O to Subpart F of Part 184--Quantity/Distance Criteria for

Hazard Division 1.6 Ammunition

Appendix P to Subpart F of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.1-Q/D

Requirements for Airfields

Appendix Q to Subpart F of Part 184--Application of Ammunition and

Explosives Safety Distances (Airfields, Heliports, and Seadromes)

Appendix R to Subpart F of Part 184--Application of Separation

Distances for Ship and Barge Units

Appendix S to Subpart F of Part 184--Q/D Separations for Pier and

Wharf Facilities

Subpart G--Liquid Propellants Requirements

184.62 Application.

184.63 Determination of propellant quantity.

184.64 Measurement of separation distances.

184.65 Q/D considerations.

184.66 Hazard grouping.

184.67 Hazards.

184.68 Incompatible storage.

184.69 Compatible storage.

Appendix A to Subpart G of Part 184--Liquid Propellants Hazard and

Compatibility Groupings

Appendix B to Subpart G of Part 184--Quantity/Distance for

Propellants

Appendix C to Subpart G of Part 184--Liquid Propellant Explosives

Equivalents

Appendix D to Subpart G of Part 184--Distances for Separation of

Propellant Static Testing, Launching, and Storage Sites From Other

Facilities

Appendix E to Subpart G of Part 184--Factors To Be Used When

Converting Gallons of Propellant Into Pounds

Subpart H--Manufacturing and Processing Pyrotechnics

184.71 General.

184.72 Machinery, equipment, and facilities.

184.73 Weighing of raw materials.

184.74 Drying of materials.

184.75 Mixing and blending.

184.76 Pressing, extruding, and pelleting.

184.77 Assembly operations.

184.78 Granulation, grinding, and screening.

184.79 Transportation.

184.80 Rebowling.

184.81 Machining of pyrotechnic material.

184.82 Spill control.

184.83 Collection of pyrotechnic wastes.

184.84 Cleaning of pyrotechnic processing equipment.

184.85 Personal protective equipment.

184.86 Additional controls.

184.87 Reworking pyrotechnic components.

184.88 Fire protection.

Subpart I--Storage of Explosives and Ammunition

184.90 General.

184.91 Storage considerations.

184.92 Magazine operational regulations.

184.93 Stacking.

184.94 Loose rounds, damaged containers.

184.95 Repairs to magazines.

184.96 Open storage (outdoors).

184.97 Storage of bulk initiating explosives.

184.98 Rocket and rocket motors.

Subpart J--Fire Protection

184.100 General.

184.101 Fire plan.

184.102 Firefighting agreements.

184.103 Smoking.

184.104 Hot work permits.

184.105 Portable fire extinguishers.

184.106 Hazards in fighting fire involving ammunition and

explosives.

184.107 Automatic sprinkler systems.

184.108 Clearance under sprinklers.

184.109 Deluge systems.

184.110 Hazards in fighting fires involving liquid propellants.

184.111 Firebreaks.

Subpart K--Specific Chemicals

184.113 General.

184.114 Repairs to acid equipment.

184.115 Mixed acids.

184.116 Waste acids (spent acids).

184.117 Nitric acid.

184.118 Sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol).

184.119 Oxidizing agents.

184.120 Handling oxidizing agents.

184.121 Chlorates.

184.122 Perchlorates.

184.123 Peroxides.

184.124 Nitrates.

184.125 Powdered metals: aluminum, magnesium, and aluminum alloys.

184.126 Charcoal.

184.127 Sulfur.

184.128 Flammable solids.

184.129 Volatile flammable liquids.

184.130 Calcium carbide.

184.131 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and potassium hydroxide.

184.132 Metallic sodium.

184.133 Nitrocellulose and derivatives.

184.134 Red phosphorus.

184.135 Thermite (TH).

184.136 Incendiary bombs.

184.137 Colored smoke mixtures.

184.138 Smoke.

184.139 Adamsite (DM).

184.140 O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS).

184.141 Sulfur trioxide-chlorosulfonic acid mixture (FS).

184.142 Titanium tetrachloride (FM).

184.143 Hexachloroethane mixture (HC).

184.144 Burning mixture (CN-DM).

184.145 Phosphorus munitions agents.

184.146 Storage for phosphorus munitions.

184.147 Special protective equipment for phosphorus munitions.

184.148 First aid for phosphorus burns.

184.149 Leaking phosphorus munitions.

184.150 Removal of phosphorus munitions.

184.151 Incendiary and smoke munitions.

184.152 Special protective equipment for incendiary and smoke

munitions.

184.153 First aid for incendiary and smoke munitions injuries.

184.154 Leaking incendiary and smoke munitions.

184.155 Fire in incendiary and smoke munitions magazines.

Subpart L--Safety Requirements for Explosives Facilities

184.157 General.

184.158 Requirements.

184.159 Requirements for buildings.

184.160 Electrical requirements.

184.161 Lightning protection.

184.162 Static electricity and grounding.

Subpart M--Safety Requirements for Specific Explosive Materials and

Operations

184.164 General.

184.165 Properties of explosives.

184.166 Handling low-energy initiators.

184.167 Laboratory operations.

184.168 Electrical testing of ammunition and ammunition components.

184.169 Heat-conditioning of explosives and ammunition.

184.170 Spray painting.

184.171 Drying freshly painted loaded ammunition.

184.172 Rework, disassembly, renovation, and maintenance.

184.173 Munitions loading and associated operations.

Appendix A to Subpart M of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.1-Laboratories

Q/D

Appendix B to Subpart M of Part 184--Hazard Division 1.3-Laboratories

Q/D

Subpart N--Testing Requirements

184.175 Program requirements.

184.176 Operating precautions.

184.177 Test hazards.

184.178 Test clearance.

184.179 Warning and communication systems.

184.180 Specific items for test.

184.181 Malfunctions.

184.182 Ammunition and dud recovery.

184.183 Personnel shelters.

184.184 Testing of ammunition or devices for small arms.

184.185 Velocity and pressure tests.

184.186 Primer drop tests.

Appendix A to Subpart N of Part 184--Misfire of Machine Guns, Rifles,

Pistols, and Other Automatic Weapons

Appendix B to Subpart N of Part 184--Misfire of Automatic Guns, 20mm

and Larger

Appendix C to Subpart N of Part 184--Misfire of Fixed or Semi-fixed

Ammunition

Appendix D to Subpart N of Part 184--Misfire Under Possible Cook-off

Conditions

Appendix E to Subpart N of Part 184--Misfire of Lever- (Trigger-) Fired

Mortar Ammunition

Appendix F to Subpart N of Part 184--Misfire of Fixed Firing Pin- or

Lever-Type (Set for Drop Fire) Mortar Ammunition

Appendix G to Subpart N of Part 184--Misfire of Rockets

Appendix H to Subpart N of Part 184--Misfire of Separate Loading

Ammunition

Appendix I to Subpart N of Part 184--Emplacement of Bombproofs at

Firing Points

Subpart O--Collection and Destruction Requirements for Ammunition and

Explosives

184.188 General.

184.189 Protection during disposal operations.

184.190 Collection of ammunition and explosives.

184.191 Destruction sites.

184.192 Destruction by burning.

184.193 Destruction by detonation.

184.194 Destruction by neutralization.

184.195 Destruction chambers and incinerators.

184.196 Support in disposal of waste.

Subpart P--Manufacturing and Processing Propellants

184.198 General.

184.199 In-process hazards.

184.200 Quantity/distance (Q/D) requirements.

184.201 Separation of operations and buildings.

184.202 Equipment and facilities.

184.203 In-process quantities and storage.

184.204 Ingredients processing.

184.205 Mixing.

184.206 Casting and curing.

184.207 Extrusion processes.

184.208 Propellant loaded items.

184.209 Disassembly.

Appendix A to Subpart P of Part 184--Remote Control and Personnel

Protection Requirements for Certain Propellant Processing Operations

Subpart Q--Hazardous Component Safety Data Statements (HCSDS)

[Reserved]

Subpart R--Bibliography

184.230 List of Publications.

Subpart S--Glossary

184.240 Terminology.

Authority: 10 U.S.C. 172.

Subpart A--Introduction

Sec. 184.1 Acronyms.

ACO Administrative Contracting Officer

A&E Ammunition and Explosives

CBU Cluster Bomb Unit

COCO Contractor-Owned, Contractor-Operated

DNT Dinitrotoluene

DoD Department of Defense

DOT Department of Transportation

DTA Differential Thermal Analysis

EIDS Extremely Insensitive Detonating Substances

ES Exposed Site

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FAE Fuel Air Explosive

HC Hexachloroethane

HCSDS Hazardous Component Safety Data Statement

H/D Hazard Division

HE High Explosive

IBD Inhabited Building Distance

ILD Intraline Distance

IMD Intermagazine Distance

IMO International Maritime Organization

IR Infrared

LP Liquified Petroleum

MCE Maximum Credible Event

MILVANS Military Vans/Tractor Vans (i.e., 8'x8'x20' container)

MK Mark

MOD Model

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NAVFAC Naval Facilities Engineering Command

NEC National Electrical Code

NEW Net Explosive Weight

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

OCE Office of Chief of Engineers

PCO Procuring Contracting Officer

PES Potential Explosive Site

PETN Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate

POPO Privately Owned-Privately Operated

PSI Pounds Per Square Inch

PSIG Pounds Per Square Inch Gauge

PTR Public Traffic Route

PWP Plasticized White Phosphorous

Q/D Quantity/Distance

RDX Cyclonite

RF Radio Frequency

SCG Storage Compatibility Group

SOP Standing Operating Procedure

TEA Triethylaluminum

TNT Trinitrotoluene

TP Target Practice

TPA Thickened TEA

UL Underwriters' Laboratories

UNO United Nations Organization

UV Ultraviolet

WP White Phosphorus

Sec. 184.2 Purpose.

This part provides reasonable, standardized safety principles,

methods, practices, requirements, and information for contractual work

or services involving ammunition and explosives (A&E). Understanding

and compliance with the applicable requirements of this part and any

additional safety requirements of the contract, if any, shall minimize

the potential for mishaps that could interrupt DoD operations or delay

production, damage or destroy DoD material, cause injury to DoD

personnel, or endanger the general public. Adherence to the part's

requirements and principles shall support DoD mission, provide a safe

environment, and foster cooperation between contractor and DoD

personnel.

Sec. 184.3 Applicability.

The requirements of this part apply to contractors performing work

or services on DoD contracts, subcontracts, purchase orders, or other

purchasing methods for ammunition or explosives. These are minimum

requirements and shall be accepted as final authority over applicable

A&E contractor operations, whether inside or outside their

establishment.

Sec. 184.4 Mandatory and advisory requirement.

The term ``shall'' is used in this part to indicate mandatory

requirements. Waivers to these requirements may be authorized by the

procuring contracting officer (PCO) as explained in Sec. 184.6 (a) and

(b). The terms ``should'' and ``may'' are advisory. When advisory

provisions are not met, adverse consequences could develop, becoming

proximate causes of A&E mishaps.

Sec. 184.5 Responsibilities.

The contractor or subcontractor shall: (a) Comply with the

requirements of this part and any other safety requirements contained

within the contract;

(b) Develop and implement a demonstrable safety program, including

operational procedures, that ensures prevention of A&E-related mishaps;

this safety program;

(d) Provide information to the Administrative Contracting Officer

(ACO) pertaining to subcontractors retained for A&E work;

(e) Provide advice and assistance to subcontractors during their

work performance; and

(f) Conduct mishap investigations in accordance with, but not

limited to, provisions of this part.

Sec. 184.6 Compliance with mandatory requirements.

(a) During pre-award safety surveys, violations of mandatory

requirements contained in this part shall be resolved. The contractor

may choose to correct the deficiencies immediately, submit a written

letter of intent to correct the deficiencies (which will become binding

if awarded the contract), or request acceptance of specifically

identified existing conditions or facilities by the purchasing

activity.

(b) When the contractor cannot comply with the mandatory safety

provisions of the contract, the contractor shall develop and submit a

request for a waiver through the ACO to the Procuring Contracting

Officer (PCO) for final determination. The request shall contain

complete information concerning the requirements violated, actions

planned to minimize the hazard, and a proposed date for correction of

the deficiency.

Sec. 184.7 Site and construction plans.

(a) Development and submission of site plans, modifications,

construction, and utility drawings pertaining to DoD-owned facilities

shall be processed in accordance with the requirements of DoD Directive

6055.9,\1\ as implemented by the applicable military service

requirements.

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\1\Copies may be obtained, at cost, from the National Technical

Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal

Road, Springfield, VA 22161.

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(b) For contractor-owned, contractor-operated (COCO) facilities,

the contractor shall submit, through the ACO to the PCO, site and

construction plans for all new construction or major modification of

facilities for ammunition and explosive activities and for the

facilities that may be exposed to A&E hazards if improperly located.

The contractor shall provide sufficient copies for the review process.

The contractor shall not begin construction or modification of proposed

facilities until receiving site and construction plan acceptance from

the PCO through the ACO.

that are essentially minor, introduce no new hazards, and do not

increase the net explosive capacity for which the facility was designed

or sited, need not be submitted. The ACO shall make the final

determination as to whether a site plan is necessary.

(d) Site plans shall comply with the following specifications:

(1) Drawings shall be drawn to a scale of 1 inch to 400 feet.

Smaller-scale drawings may sometimes be necessary to reflect certain

distance and structure relationships within the area surrounding a

given project. In such instances, reductions in scale are acceptable.

(2) Drawings shall list distances between the facility or location

proposed for siting and other establishment facilities, the

establishment boundary, public railways and highways, power

transmission and other utility lines.

(3) All other facilities within the inhabited building distance of

the proposed facility shall be identified by a brief description of

their function and occupancy.

(4) A&E items or hazardous materials to be stored or processed in

the facilities shall be described. This includes items such as bombs,

rockets, artillery ammunition, liquid propellants, or other items

regulated by this part.

(5) Site plans shall provide the net explosives weight, number of

units and hazard class(es) of ammunition, explosives, liquid and solid

propellants and other hazardous materials for the proposed facility,

including a breakdown by room or bay.

(6) Site plans shall provide the net explosives weight, number of

units and hazard class(es) of ammunition, explosives, liquid and solid

propellants and other hazardous materials stored or handled in

facilities located within inhabited distance of the proposed facility.

(7) All facilities whose inhabited building distance arcs include

the facility under consideration shall be identified.

(8) Site plans shall provide a topographical map with appropriate

contours when terrain features are considered to constitute natural

barricading, or when topography otherwise influences the layout.

(e) Construction plans for the proposed facility shall contain the

information in Sec. 184.7(d)(1) through (d)(8), and the following:

(1) Show the personnel limits for the new or modified facility,

including a breakdown by room or bay, when appropriate.

(2) Give general details regarding dividing walls, vent walls,

firewalls, roofs, operational shields, barricades, exits, types of

floor finish, fire protection system installations, electrical systems

and equipment, ventilation systems and equipment, A&E waste disposal

systems, lightning protection systems, static grounding systems,

process equipment, and auxiliary support structures, as well as general

materials of construction.

(3) Include information relative to the types and arrangement of

explosive operations or chemical processing equipment.

(4) Explain any deviations from pertinent safety requirements due

to local conditions.

Sec. 184.8 Pre-award safety survey.

(a) When A&E materials and operations are involved in a

solicitation, mishaps could adversely affect production capability,

production assets, or long lead time products or services essential to

DoD program milestones. Therefore, the contractor's capability and

preparedness shall be evaluated. Pre-award safety surveys shall be

conducted by DoD safety personnel.

(b) During the pre-award safety survey, the contractor, as a

minimum, shall provide the following for review:

(1) Site plans conforming to the requirements of Sec. 184.7 (d)(1)

through (d)(8).

(2) Safety program, organization, and training.

(3) Fire prevention program and available firefighting resources,

including local agreements;

(4) Description of facilities, including size, construction design

and materials, fire resistive capability, utilities, and current

compliance with existing building regulations and codes;

(5) Operational compliance with applicable Federal, state, and

local requirements;

(6) Required licenses or capability to obtain those required to

perform proposed contract work;

(7) Past safety history, including reports of safety surveys by

Federal, state, or local safety, fire prevention, insurance, or other

authorities; current status of waivers or exemptions issued by Federal,

state, or local authorities; and mishap experience;

(8) A&E collection and disposal systems and procedures (The

contractor may wish to request specific clarification of A&E residue/

reject item disposition at this time); and

(9) Hazard analysis, as appropriate.

Sec. 184.9 Pre-operational survey.

After contract award, a significant mishap or completion of new

construction or major modifications, DoD review and evaluation of the

facilities and operations may be necessary before startup of production

or services. The contractor shall contact the ACO to offer an

opportunity for a pre-operational review by authorized DoD personnel.

Subpart B--Mishap Investigation and Reporting

Sec. 184.11 General.

This subpart sets forth requirements to be followed for mishaps

involving ammunition and explosives.

Sec. 184.12 Reporting criteria.

All mishaps involving ammunition and explosives that result in one

or more of the following shall be investigated by the contractor and

reported to the ACO.

(a) One or more fatalities;

(b) One or more lost-workday cases (Refer to the Occupational

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Blue Book.);\2\

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\2\Copies may be obtained from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.

Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

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the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Blue Book.);

(d) Damage to Government property exceeding $10,000;

(e) Delay in delivery schedule exceeding 24 hours:

(f) Mishaps that are reportable in accordance with specific

contractual requirements other than paragraphs (a) through (e) of this

section; or

(g) Any mishap that may degrade operational or production

capability or likely to arouse unusual media interest because of

exceptional circumstances.

Note: Based upon the seriousness of the mishap and the

criticality of the munitions or explosives involved, the ACO may

determine that an additional, more comprehensive mishap

investigation and report is desired.

Sec. 184.13 Mishap scene.

In the event of an ammunition or explosives mishap, the contractor

shall implement emergency procedures, such as controlling the spread of

fire and attending to the injured. The contractor shall also secure the

scene of the mishap, preventing unauthorized persons from entering the

area in order to preserve evidence for the investigation.

Sec. 184.14 Telephone report.

The contractor shall report any mishap described in Sec. 184.12, by

telephone to the ACO as soon as practicable, but not later than 3 hours

after the incident. The format provided for the written report will

serve as a guide for the telephone report.

Sec. 184.15 Written report.

(a) The contractor shall develop and submit to the ACO a written

mishap report by the end of the second working day after the mishap

occurrence. At a minimum, this written report shall include the

following:

(1) Contractor's name and location;

(2) Date, local time, and plant/facility location of the accident;

(3) Category of accident (explosion, fire, and so forth);

(4) Contract, subcontract, or purchase order;

(5) Item nomenclature, hazard classification, lot number;

(6) Narrative (or abstract) of events pertaining to the mishap;

(7) Number of injuries/fatalities, degree of injuries;

(8) Description of property damage and approximate damage cost;

(9) Quantity of explosives involved (pounds, units, rounds, and so

forth);

(10) Probable cause(s);

(11) Corrective action taken or planned;

(12) Effect on production;

(13) Name, title or position, and phone number of person submitting

report; and

(14) Remarks.

(b) Information not furnished in the initial written report shall

be provided to the ACO within 30 days of the mishap.

Sec. 184.16 On-site government assistance.

To help determine the cause or causes of the mishap, DoD

representatives may monitor the contractor's mishap investigation on-

site. Additional investigation or reporting may be required by the PCO.

Sec. 184.17 Technical mishap investigation and report.

If determined by the PCO, a technical mishap investigation may be

conducted by a panel chaired by DoD personnel. Otherwise, the

contractor will conduct the investigation at the PCO's request. In

either case, a document will be produced that provides details such as

missile fragmentation maps, photographs, description of mishap, effects

on adjacent operations, structural and equipment damage, Q/D drawings,

detailed description of occurrence, findings, and conclusions. The

technical mishap investigation report shall be forwarded to the PCO

through the ACO within 60 days of the official establishment of the

investigative panel or, in the case of the contractor's investigation,

from the date of the accident. The contractor will be informed

immediately upon determination that the Department of Defense will form

a panel to go on-site for an accident investigation.

Subpart C--Safe Practices

Sec. 184.19 General.

This subpart provides general safe practices for all A&E operations

addressed in this part. When these practices exceed or differ from

local or national codes or requirements, the more restrictive shall

apply.

Sec. 184.20 Personnel and materials limits.

(a) The cardinal rule to be observed in any location or operation

involving explosives, ammunition, severe fire hazards, or toxic

materials is to limit exposure to a minimum number of personnel, for a

minimum amount of time, to the minimum amount of the hazardous material

consistent with safe and efficient operations. All operations shall be

examined to devise methods for reducing the number of people exposed,

the time of exposure, and the quantity of material subject to a single

incident. Determination of personnel limits requires that jobs not

essential to a particular hazardous operation be performed elsewhere;

that no unnecessary personnel visit the location; and that frequent,

consecutive operations shall not be permitted in the same room or

building without adequate dividing walls, firewalls, or operational

shields, depending upon the nature of the hazard. Personnel limits

should allow for necessary supervision, workers, and transient workers.

(b) Determination of limits for hazardous materials requires a

careful analysis of all facts including operation timing, intraplant

transportation methods, size of the items, and the chemical and

physical characteristics of the material. Lower limits are required for

the more sensitive or hazardous materials. Limits should be established

for each operation, so that each worker may be charged with the

responsibility of not exceeding the established limit. Limits need not

be expressed in units of weight or in the number of items as such. They

may be given in terms of trays, boxes, racks, or other units more

easily observed and controlled. Limits shall not be based on the

maximum quantity of explosives allowed by the existing quantity/

distance separations when lesser quantities of explosives will suffice

for the operations.

permitted at any one time shall be prominently displayed in all

buildings, cubicles, cells, and rooms containing A&E. These limits

shall be kept current, and enforced by the supervisor, foreman, or

worker in charge. The personnel and explosives limits for all

operations shall be recorded in the applicable standing operating

procedure (SOP). Personnel limits need not be posted in storage

magazines, magazine areas, or transfer points. Explosives limits need

only be posted in storage magazines for which the limit differs from

that for other magazines in the block, or when unusual circumstances

prevent the limit from being readily apparent.

Sec. 184.21 Standing operating procedures (SOPs).

Prior to starting any operation involving hazardous materials,

adequate SOPs shall be developed, reviewed, and approved by qualified

personnel. The SOPs shall be clearly written to avoid confusion and

ensure process control at all times.

(a) Preparation. All aspects of a procedure shall be examined to

determine a safe and orderly course of action for accomplishing the

work. Controlled tests may be necessary in order to establish SOPs for

certain operations. The SOP shall include, at a minimum, such items as

safety requirements; specific emergency procedures; personal protective

clothing and equipment; personnel and explosives limits for each

operation; equipment designation; location and sequence of operations;

and the particulars regarding how, when, where, and by whom each task

of the operation shall be performed.

(b) Dissemination. Supervisors shall be responsible for explaining

duties prescribed by the SOP to all personnel involved in an A&E

operation.

managing authority to be necessary to facilitate operations, shall be

posted in a spot convenient to all stations involved in the operation.

This need not be at the work station if the worker could be distracted,

causing an accident. Supervisory personnel shall assume responsibility

for enforcing provisions of the SOP; and should maintain copies of the

entire document.

(d) Emergency procedures. Action to be taken in the event of

electrical storms, utility or mechanical failures and the like,

occurring during the manufacturing, handling, or processing of A&E and

other hazardous materials, shall be set forth in the SOP as described

in the preceding paragraphs, or shall be set forth in separate SOPs

prepared specifically for such purposes.

(e) Recertification. SOPs shall be constantly reviewed by qualified

personnel, changed and recertified by the managing authority as often

as necessary to reflect improved methods, equipment substitutions,

facility modification, or process revisions.

(f) Training. Operator training shall cover approved safety

procedures, hazardous materials information, safety and warning

devices, personal protective clothing and equipment, and emergency

equipment.

Sec. 184.22 Storage in operating buildings.

(a) Only those quantities of hazardous materials (excluding

explosives, propellant and pyrotechnic materials) essential for current

operations shall be stored within an operating building. Explosive

materials exceeding work requirements shall be stored in a separate

service storage magazine area located at the appropriate intraline

distance from the operating building or area, based on the quantity of

explosives stored in the service magazine.

(b) If storage is required by operational necessity, and intraline

distance is not available for a separate storage magazine, contractors

may designate in-process holding containers or structures within the

operating building, provided the following apply:

(1) Those containers or structures would preclude propagation from

the operational location to the holding site if an explosives mishap

should occur at the operational site.

(2) Consideration is given to the structural containment afforded,

venting, and the use of non-propagating packaging within the temporary

holding site.

(3) Quantities of A&E in these holding sites are kept as low as

possible, not exceeding amounts required for one half of a work shift.

(4) Procedures have been developed to minimize exposure during

transfer operations.

(5) Plant managers acquire and approve documented test results that

confirm non-propagation characteristics.

process within the building may be stored in operating buildings non-

operational hours, providing the following requirements are strictly

observed:

(1) Explosives limits are not exceeded.

(2) Containers of bulk explosives or propellants are secured and

covered.

(3) Processing equipment, such as powder hoppers and pipelines, is

empty.

(d) Before an operation in a building shuts down for longer than a

weekend or normal holiday period, all hazardous materials should be

processed through the facility. If this is not possible, as much of the

in-process material as possible should be processed and transferred to

an approved storage area before shutdown; no new material should be

introduced. The additional precautions listed in Sec. 184.22(c), shall

apply, and responsible personnel shall be informed of the above storage

conditions.

Sec. 184.23 Housekeeping in hazardous areas.

(a) Structures containing explosives shall be kept clean and

orderly.

(b) Explosives and explosives dusts shall not accumulate on

structural members, radiators, heating coils, steam, gas, air, water

supply pipes, or electrical fixtures.

prevented by proper design of equipment, training of employees,

provision for catch pans, and so forth. For example, hoppers should be

large enough to comfortably accommodate the size of charges used. A

painted stripe on the inside of the hopper shall serve as a reminder of

the proper filling height. Catch pans or splash pans should be provided

beneath drawoff pipes and TNT flakers, around transfer piping, beneath

powder bags on small arms ammunition charging machines, and so forth.

Spillage shall be promptly removed.

(d) A regular program of cleaning shall be conducted to maintain

safe conditions. General cleaning shall not be conducted while

hazardous operations are being performed.

(e) Hot water or steam should be used for cleaning floors in

buildings containing explosives. When neither is practical, sweeping

compounds that are nonabrasive and compatible with the explosives

involved may be used. Such compounds may be combustible, but not

volatile (closed cup flash point shall not be less than 230 deg.F).

Sweeping compounds containing wax shall not be used on conductive

flooring. Because nitrated organic explosives can form sensitive

explosive compounds with caustic alkalies, cleaning agents containing

such alkalies shall not be used around them.

(f) Nonferrous wire brushes may be used in cleaning explosives-

processing equipment only when other methods of cleaning are

ineffective; a thorough inspection should follow such cleaning to

ensure that no wire bristles remain in the equipment. This applies also

to cleaning magnesium ingot molds and molds for any other metal used in

an explosive. Substituting fiber brushes for hair brushes is

recommended to reduce generation of static.

(g) All loose explosives swept up from floors of operating

buildings shall be destroyed. Explosives recovered from sources other

than ammunition breakdown operations and equipment shall be thoroughly

inspected to determine disposition. It may be reused, screened,

reprocessed, or destroyed, as the situation warrants.

Sec. 184.24 Explosives waste in operating areas.

(a) At this writing, the Environmental Protection Agency is

developing rules which shall apply to each contractor beyond the scope

of this part. Explosive safety should not be compromised while meeting

environmental considerations.

(b) Each waste material generated in an explosives area shall

require analysis to determine appropriate methods for safe handling and

disposition. All explosives waste and contaminated materials shall be

kept in covered containers marked to indicate their contents,

preferably located in isolated bays or outside the buildings.

contain water. Certain pyrotechnic, tracer, flare and similar

compositions shall be totally immersed in mineral oil or fuel oil in

the waste containers. Waste initiating explosives shall be kept to a

minimum, usually under water or other selected media, and shall be

handled with great care. Explosives waste materials should not be left

in operating buildings overnight during normal periods of shutdown or

over weekends and holidays.

(d) Workers shall be trained to transport explosives wastes in

designated vehicles (see Sec. 184.38) to storage locations specifically

assigned for that purpose. Explosives waste shall not be stored with

serviceable explosives. A minimum of magazine distance shall be

maintained between locations where explosives wastes are stored, and

those used for serviceable ammunition and explosives.

Sec. 184.25 Procedure before electrical storms.

(a) When an electrical storm approaches, all personnel shall

evacuate locations where lightning could initiate explosions. Such

locations include:

(1) Operating buildings or facilities containing explosives or

explosives-loaded ammunition, not equipped with lightning protection

systems, and locations within unbarricaded intraline distance of such

facilities;

(2) Buildings containing explosives dust or vapors, whether or not

equipped with lightning protection systems, and locations within

unbarricaded intraline distance of such buildings;

(3) Magazines, open storage sites, or loading docks, not equipped

with lightning protection systems; and

(4) Locations, with or without lightning protection, where

operations involving unprotected electro-explosive devices or circuitry

are being performed.

(b) A qualified person in authority should make the final decision

about evacuation. When special warning is required for shutdown,

volunteer observers or a detector (lightning detection system) may be

used.

SOP. These locations shall be at unbarricaded intraline distance or

greater, or in a shelter providing equivalent protection.

Sec. 184.26 Explosives in process during shutdown.

When electrical storms cause evacuation of explosives buildings,

operations requiring constant attention shall be manned by the minimum

number of personnel consistent with safety requirements. Once the

process has reached a condition in which it is considered safe to

leave, the building shall be completely evacuated. Explosives processes

requiring constant attention should not be started when an electrical

storm threatens.

Sec. 184.27 Maintenance and repairs to equipment and buildings.

(a) All new or newly repaired explosives processing equipment shall

be examined and tested to ensure that it is in safe working condition

before being placed in service.

(b) Before repairs can proceed on equipment exposed to explosives,

a decontamination tag, signed by supervisory personnel, shall be placed

on the equipment. The tag shall certify all explosives have been

removed from the equipment or identify parts that could not be cleaned,

and shall provide maintenance personnel with instructions on safe

handling.

during regular operations until the hazardous material has been removed

and the employee in charge of the building informed.

(d) Repairs cannot start in an explosives location until all

explosives have been removed from equipment, crevices, areas beneath

floors, within walls and pipes, and under fittings where explosives

could be ignited. The entire area should be wetted or washed down

thoroughly. An inspection of the immediate vicinity shall assure no

explosives remain.

(e) After repairing, maintaining or adjusting machines and

equipment, an inspection shall be made to assure all tools used for the

work are removed. Before work resumes, operators should check their own

equipment to ensure its safe operating condition.

(f) Electricians shall not wear conductive shoes while working on

electrical equipment. Exposed explosives and other static-sensitive

hazardous material shall be removed before work begins.

(g) Safe practices specified elsewhere in this part shall also

apply to maintenance employees.

(h) Maintenance and tool rooms in an operating line should be

separated from explosives by intraline distance. Protection equivalent

to that afforded by a suitable barrier shall be provided when this

proves impractical.

Sec. 184.28 Safety hand-tools.

(a) Hand tools constructed of wood or materials such as bronze,

lead, and ``K'' Monel metal shall be used for work in locations that

contain exposed explosives or hazardous concentrations of flammable

dusts, gases, or vapors. While safer, the nonferrous metals used in so-

called non-sparking tools may produce sparks.

(b) If their strength makes the use of ferrous metal hand tools

necessary, exposed explosives and other highly combustible materials

shall be removed from the area as required in Sec. 184.27 (b) through

(d).

Sec. 184.29 Operational shields.

(a) The purpose of operational shields is to prevent propagation of

explosions from one explosives operation or location to another, to

protect facilities and equipment and to provide personnel protection.

Therefore, all A&E operations and processes shall be assessed prior to

work performance to determine the type of hazard involved, the level of

risk associated with the A&E material or item, and the corresponding

level of protection normally provided.

(b) The primary hazards that accompany explosions and deflagrations

are potential blast overpressure, fragmentation (primary and

secondary), and thermal effects. These hazards and the following

factors shall be considered, as a minimum, during the above assessment:

(1) Initiation sensitivity,

(2) Potential ignition sources,

(3) Quantity of A&E,

(4) Rate of burning,

(5) A&E and personnel resource exposures, and

(6) Protection capabilities of shields.

probability of explosion or deflagration, resources shall be dedicated

to additional protection for personnel and equipment. If operational

shields are selected for this purpose, they shall be tested prior to

installation to assure compliance with the following criteria:

(1) Prevent propagation due to blast overpressure.

(2) Contain all fragmentation or direct fragments (primary and

secondary) away from areas requiring protection.

(3) Contain thermal effects to prevent propagation.

(d) Operational shields shall be tested under conditions that

simulate the operational environment. A&E materials or items used in

the test shall correspond to those that may be involved in a maximum

credible incident, plus a 25 percent overcharge. Test methods,

recording instrumentation and written documentation shall clearly

demonstrate that the above protection criteria are met before the

operational shield is used. Shields meeting the requirements of MIL-

STD-398,\3\ Shields, Operational for Ammunition Operations, Criteria

for Design of and Tests for Acceptance, are acceptable. Analysis rather

than testing of shields may be acceptable on a case-by-case basis. When

the doors of explosives processing equipment function as operational

shields, interlocking devices shall be installed to prevent the

operator from opening the door while the equipment is in operation.

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\3\Copies may be obtained from Naval Publications and Forms

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Sec. 184.30 Special clothing.

(a) A changing area shall be established for employees who must

remove their street clothes to wear special clothing (explosives plant

clothing, anticontamination clothing, impervious clothing, and so

forth). To avoid exposing people not involved in A&E operations to

unnecessary risks, special clothing worn during A&E operations shall

not be worn or taken away from the premises. Special clothing should

not be altered. Cotton undergarments, including socks, shall be worn

whenever static electricity is a hazard.

(b) Explosives plant clothing, generally referred to as powder

uniforms, shall be fastened with nonmetallic fasteners and easily

removable. Pockets should be of the lattice type. Pants and sleeves

should be tapered and without cuffs, and pants should extend over the

tops of footwear. These garments should be flame resistant or made of

flame retardant material. Each plant should have laundering facilities

available for removing contaminants from explosives plant clothing.

Hazardous waste procedures should be established for the laundry.

Regular testing shall verify the effectiveness of the laundering

operations.

laundry facility, the contractor is responsible for informing the

laundry of the hazards associated with the contamination and any

special laundering or disposal requirements.

Sec. 184.31 Conductive footwear.

(a) When conductive mats, floors, and runners are required,

operators shall wear conductive shoes. Personnel visiting any such area

shall wear conductive shoes, ankle straps, or similar devices, one on

each leg.

(b) Tests of conductive shoes or equivalent, shall be made

initially and daily thereafter to ensure that the resistance from the

person through the conductive shoes is less than or equal to one

million ohms. Documentation of this testing, to include calibration of

test equipment, shall be kept by supervisory personnel. The test

voltage shall not exceed 500 volts. The short circuit current across

the electrodes (plates) shall not exceed 2.0 milliamperes (0.5

milliamperes is preferred). The instruments shall have built-in

safeguards preventing the test subject from experiencing electric

shock. Tests shall not be performed in rooms with exposed explosives.

Shoes should be tested first without cleaning the soles and heels; if

the resistance does not exceed allowed levels, the shoes may be worn.

If resistance exceeds 450,000 ohms per shoe, the pair shall be cleaned

and retested. Sandpaper, solvents, or other agents affecting the

structure or conductivity of the sole materials should not be used.

Separating or removing the conductive sock liner from the conductive

plug or depressing the conductive plugs below the surface of the insole

of the shoe can cause high resistance. Nonconductive stockings such as

silk, wool, and synthetics; and foot powders, which have a drying

action, shall be avoided. Conductive shoes should be clearly labeled as

such.

Sec. 184.32 Materials handling equipment.

(a) Gasoline-, diesel-, and LP-powered equipment shall not be

refueled inside warehouses or similar buildings containing ammunition

and explosives. If the fuel supply is exhausted while the equipment is

inside a building, the equipment shall be towed outside to a safe

location for refueling: at least 20 feet from inert buildings, and

inert loading docks; and 90 feet from explosives locations or

buildings. Doors and windows through which vapors may enter the

building shall be closed during refueling. Refueling trucks shall not

be located close to explosives buildings during refueling operations,

but shall be parked as far as practicable from these buildings, in

accordance with the above requirements.

(b) Gasoline-, diesel-, and LP-powered equipment shall not be

stored in buildings containing explosives or ammunition or on

explosives loading docks or piers when A&E is present. A central

storage location for gasoline-, diesel-, and LP-powered equipment is

preferred. Such a building should be located at least 50 feet from

other buildings to avoid a fire hazard.

periodic inspections of exhaust and electrical systems with the results

documented. Spark arresters shall be required on exhaust systems.

Sec. 184.33 Parking of privately owned vehicles.

Controlled parking of privately owned vehicles within an

establishment minimizes fire and explosion hazards and prevents

congestion in an emergency. Vehicles should be parked in designated

areas only, at intraline distance and outside of restricted areas.

Vehicles shall not be parked so close to an explosives building or

structure that fire could spread from them to the building, or that

they could impede firefighters.

Sec. 184.34 Prohibited articles in hazardous areas.

Except as authorized, personnel shall not carry matches, cigarette

lighters, or other flame-producing devices into explosives areas.

Personal articles that increase existing hazards are also prohibited.

Sec. 184.35 Photographic materials in hazardous areas.

Photoflash bulbs or electronic flash attachments shall not be used

around exposed explosives, explosive dusts, flammable gases, or vapors.

Only lighting equipment approved by a nationally recognized testing

laboratory shall be used.

Sec. 184.36 Operational explosives containers.

(a) Containers used for intraplant transportation or temporary

storage of process explosives and energetic materials shall be designed

to prevent leakage. These containers should be equipped with covers

(lids) and constructed of materials in the following order of

precedence:

(1) Conductive rubber or conductive plastic,

(2) Nonferrous metal-lined boxes without seams or rivet heads under

which explosive dusts could accumulate,

(3) Paper-lined wooden boxes, or

(4) Fiber drums.

(b) These containers should be marked with the type of explosive or

hazard involved.

containers shall not be used.

Sec. 184.37 Intraplant rail transportation.

This section addresses intraplant transportation of explosives and

may exceed national requirements because of material characteristics

and operational hazards. When construction or major modification of

transportation, packaging, or loading facilities is planned or

anticipated, the contractor is responsible for ensuring that applicable

Federal, state, and local requirements and those contained within this

manual are met. The applicable requirements promulgated by Department

of Transportation (DOT) and other Federal or local regulatory agencies

concerning preparation, marking, and shipment of ammunition and

explosives should appear in the contract.

(a) Operating rules. Local procedures to ensure safe and efficient

rail movement of A&E shall be developed, and shall include the

following minimum requirements:

(1) Movements in the classification yards are considered switch

movements. All others are considered transfer movements. Before cars

containing A&E move, air hoses shall be coupled, air brakes cut-in and

in proper working order, and the car doors closed. Cars should remain

coupled while in motion. Safety precautions shall be observed when

breaking air hose connections.

(2) When single explosives-loaded cars are spotted, the hand brakes

shall be set and the wheels properly chocked. When more than one car is

spotted and its engine detached, the hand brakes shall be set on enough

cars to ensure sufficient braking. Hand brakes shall be set on the

downgrade end of the cut of rail cars. Reliance should not be placed on

the automatic air brakes to hold spotted cars.

(3) A person should be stationed at the hand brake of a car mover

when in use.

(4) During transfer movements within establishments, full or

partial loads in rail cars shall be blocked and braced so they cannot

shift position.

(5) Empty rail cars shall remain in warehouses, magazines,

buildings, or loading docks until all warning placards have been

removed or reversed, as appropriate.

(6) Special care shall be taken to avoid rough handling of cars

containing A&E. These cars shall not be ``sent off'' while in motion

and shall be carefully coupled to avoid unnecessary shocks. Other cars

shall not be ``cut off'' and allowed to strike a car containing

explosives.

(7) A buffer car should separate rail cars containing explosives

and the switching engine when in motion.

(8) Flags or signals at both ends of a rail car or cut of cars

shall protect personnel working in, on, or under the cars. During these

periods, cars shall not be coupled or moved.

(9) Portable transmitters and railroad locomotives equipped with

two-way radios shall not transmit when passing explosives operating

buildings where electro-explosive devices are in use. The contractor

shall determine minimum safe distances based on radio frequency (RF),

frequency modulation (FM), and amplitude modulation (AM) of the

transmitter.

(b) Rail car inspections. (1) Qualified personnel shall inspect

empty rail cars intended to transport A&E upon arrival, verifying that

the carrier has complied with DOT requirements.

(2) Before loading, the brakes shall be set on cars spotted for

loading, and bridge plates equipped with side boards and stops shall be

provided.

A&E should, upon arrival, be inspected at remote sites. If no problems

are found, rail cars may be opened for interior inspection or moved to

the designated unloading point.

(2) A&E-loaded cars on which foreign and suspicious articles have

been attached outside or underneath the car, or that have a defect

which could affect the safety of the establishment or the contents of

the car, shall be moved to the suspect car site for disposition.

(3) Cars should be inspected after unloading A&E to ensure that

they are clean and free from loose explosives and flammable materials,

and that placards and car certificates have been removed. Explosives

swept from the floors shall be disposed of properly.

Sec. 184.38 Intraplant motor vehicle transportation.

(a) Operating rules. Procedures for safe transportation of A&E in

motor vehicles shall be developed locally, and should include the

following:

(1) Brakes shall be set and the wheels chocked while loading and

un-loading on a grade.

(2) A&E shall not be loaded or unloaded when a motor vehicle's

engine is running, unless the engine is providing power to accessories

used in the loading and unloading, such as mechanical handling

equipment.

(3) Vehicles, including flat-bed, partly or completely loaded,

shall have the load blocked and braced to prevent shifting during

transit.

(b) Vehicle inspections. All motor vehicles used to transport A&E

shall be inspected before loading to ensure the following:

(1) Batteries and wiring shall not come into contact with

containers of A&E.

(2) Exposed ferrous metal in the interior of the vehicle body shall

be covered with nonsparking material when scrap and bulk explosives are

being transported in containers that could be damaged, or when

explosives could otherwise become exposed.

(3) A portable fire extinguisher of the appropriate class shall be

carried on motor vehicles used for transporting A&E.

(4) Motor vehicles transporting A&E within the establishment but

outside the explosives area, shall bear at least two appropriate

placards. These placards should be removed or covered whenever the

vehicle is not loaded. Reflectorized placards are preferred.

(5) Motor vehicles or equipment with internal combustion engines,

used near explosives scrap, waste, or items contaminated with

explosives, shall have exhaust system spark arresters and carburetor

flame arresters (authorized air cleaners). They should be inspected and

cleaned to prevent accumulation of carbon.

should, upon arrival, be inspected at remote sites. If no problems are

found, vehicles may be opened for interior inspection or moved to the

designated unloading point.

(2) A&E-loaded vehicles on which foreign and suspicious articles

have been attached outside or underneath the car, or that have a defect

which could affect the safety of the establishment or the contents of

the vehicle, shall be moved to the suspect car site for disposition.

(3) Vehicles should be inspected after unloading A&E to ensure that

they are clean and free from loose explosives and flammable materials,

and that placards and vehicle certificates have been removed.

Explosives swept from the floors shall be disposed of properly.

Sec. 184.39 Inspection of pyrotechnic, propellant and explosive

mixers.

Mixers used for manufacturing pyrotechnics, propellants and

explosives shall have an initial inspection prior to use and shall be

on a periodic inspection schedule during operating life.

(a) The initial inspection shall, as a minimum, require

radiographic and dye penetrant inspection of the blades and blade to

shaft areas, blade to bowl clearances, allowable tolerances, testing

for proper function of operating systems such as bowl positioning

mechanisms, safety interlocks, fire detection and prevention and test

of computer controller software selfcheck.

(b) Periodic inspection shall be provided during the operating life

of the mixer. The inspection program shall be based on manufacturer's

recommendations, operating history of like mixers, and any items

identified in hazards analysis of the particular mixer and its

operation. The inspection program shall include:

(1) Tests and visual inspection criteria to be performed prior to

each use to include associated equipment which might come loose and

fall into the mixer.

(2) Periodic inspections of clearances between blades and bowl at

sufficient points to detect any distortion of the bowl or kettle.

(3) Inspection and test for drive system wear, bearings condition

and gear alignment with loading to establish operation within

tolerances when applicable.

(4) Inspection and test of proper function of operating subsystems

such as bowl handling, safety and fire and control, including computer

software selfcheck.

mixers in high torque applications have a dye penetrant check of the

blades annually or after every 300 hours of operation. Melt-cast

kettles are not considered high torque mixers. Also, it is recommended

that an inspection of clearances and operating systems be performed

after any maintenance, unusual even such as severe weather exposure

mishandling of bowl or mixer or long idle period.

(d) A log of the maintenance and inspection shall be maintained.

Trend analysis of clearances should be used to detect wear which might

become hazardous.

Subpart D--Principles and Application of Quantity/Distance (Q/D),

Standard Explosives Facilities, and Siting Requirements

Sec. 184.40 General.

Explosives classes and divisions identified in this subpart are

defined in TB 700-2,\1\ Explosives Hazard Classification Procedures,

and more fully explained in subpart F of this part. This subpart D sets

forth the following:

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\1\Copies may be obtained from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.

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(a) Rules for establishing quantities of explosives;

(b) Computations and determinations of quantity distance;

and personnel injury expected at specific scaled distances for Hazard

Division 1.1, explosives;

(d) Recommended methods for controlling the effects of Hazard

Division 1.1, explosions;

(e) Acceptable exposures at specific scaled distances;

(f) Types and general specifications of various ammunition and

explosives facilities; and

(g) Siting requirements for specific facilities.

Sec. 184.41 Quantity/distance (Q/D).

(a) Quantity distances are determined by establishing a net

explosive weight (NEW) at a point and measuring from that point to an

exposure. The source of a Q/D measurement is called a potential

explosion site, or PES. For Q/D purposes, one considers the total net

explosives weight that will be involved in an accidental explosion at

the PES. A PES may be a round of ammunition, a vehicle, an operating

building, or simply a location where explosives are stacked.

(b) Any building, vehicle, location, or ammunition that shall be

protected from an accidental explosion at another source, is called the

exposed site, or ES. An ES may contain explosives requiring protection

from a secondary explosive source located a distance away. An ES may

also be a home, stadium, high-rise apartment, a public highway or any

other facility or location requiring protection from an accidental

explosion.

lines from the nearest part of the room, bay or structure containing

explosives (PES) to the nearest point of the exposed structure.

Sec. 184.42 Establishment of quantity of explosives and distances.

(a) Quantity of explosives. The Quantity/Distance tables are used

to provide appropriate distances from potential explosion sites (PES).

The hazard classification of the A&E and the weight of explosives

involved are primary characteristics governing the use of Q/D tables.

The definitions and methods for determining hazard classifications are

in subpart F of this part. Methods for determining the net explosives

weight (NEW) is explained in the following:

(1) Mass-detonating explosives (Hazard Division 1.1). The total

weight of explosives (NEW).

(2) Nonmass-detonating explosives--(i) Propellants (Hazard Division

1.3). The total weight of the propellants alone is the net propellant

weight.

(ii) Pyrotechnic items (Hazard Division 1.1 and Hazard Division

1.3). The sum of the net weights of the pyrotechnic composition and the

explosives involved.

(iii) Bulk metal powder and pyrotechnic compositions. The sum of

the net weights of metal powders and pyrotechnic compositions in the

containers.

(iv) Other ammunition. The net weight of high explosives (Hazard

Division 1.1), plus any blast contribution determined by test, if any,

from propellant, pyrotechnic components, or expelling charges (percent

of Hazard Division 1.3).

(3) Combinations of mass-detonating and nonmass-detonating A&E

(excluding Hazard Division 1.4). The total net weight of the mass-

detonating and the nonmass-detonating A&E. If the nonmass-detonating

items, alone, require a greater distance than the total explosives so

computed, then this greater distance is mandatory.

(4) Combinations of nonmass-detonating ammunition and explosives of

different class 1 divisions shall be treated as follows:

(1) Determine the required separation of each division.

(ii) Use the greatest separation of those determined.

(b) Q/D computations and determinations. (1) Throughout these

requirements, NEW is used to calculate distance by means of formula

D=KW\1/3\, where D is the distance in feet, K is the

appropriate risk factor and W is the NEW in pounds. Distance

requirements are sometimes expressed by the value of K, such as K9,

K11, and K18 to signify K=9, K=11, K=18, respectively.

(2) The quantity of explosives in a magazine, operating building,

or other explosives site shall be the new weight of all the explosives

contained therein. Q/D shall be based on the H/D requiring the greatest

separation, unless the NEW is divided by walls or shields for that

purpose.

(i) When dividing a quantity of mass-detonating explosives into

smaller stacks, a suitable barrier or adequate separation distance

shall prevent propagation from one stack to another. Barriers designed

and constructed in accordance with TM 5-1300/AFM 88-22/NAVFAC P-397,\5\

Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions, satisfy this

requirement. In such cases, the explosives content of the stack

requiring the greatest distance shall govern. Otherwise Q/D

computations shall be based on the sum of the mass-detonating

explosives in all of the stacks.

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\5\Tri-service document. Copies may be obtained from

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402.

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(ii) Blast waves shall coalesce when two or more stacks of mass-

detonating explosives detonate within short time intervals (that is,

when the time in milliseconds is less than 4 times the cube root of the

explosive weight in pounds for lateral target positions and less than

5.6 times the cube root of the explosive weight in pounds for axial

target positions). The resultant shock wave shall be that of a single

detonation of a charge equal to the sum of the several stacks. The

actual separation time between successive detonations is influenced by

the spatial separation, geometry, and distribution of explosives; the

character of the dividing wall or other barrier; and the sensitivity of

the explosives.

(3) The quantity of explosives permitted in each of two or more

locations shall be determined by considering each location as a

potential explosion site (PES). The quantity of explosives permitted in

each of these locations shall be the amount permitted by the distance

specified in the appropriate Q/D tables considering each as a potential

target site in turn, except for service magazines (see

Sec. 184.43(a)(7) and Sec. 184.43(b)(6)).

(4) Quantity/distance tables are in Subpart F of this part. The

formulae specified in Appendices A through D to Subpart F of this part

may be used to interpolate exact distances for Hazard Division 1.1

explosives. The notes to Appendix L to Subpart F of this part provide

distance formulae for Hazard Division 1.3 distances.

(5) It is impractical to specify Q/D separations large enough to

allow for the designed flight range of propulsive units (rockets,

missile motors, and catapults) that properly belong in Hazard Divisions

1.1, 1.2 or 1.3. Therefore, maximum flight ranges for self-propelling

munitions shall be disregarded. The distance required to afford

protection from fragments in credible accident situations, however,

shall be established in accordance with the principles in

Sec. 184.52(f).

(6) Separation distances for Q/D purposes shall be measured from

the nearest part of an exposed structure or site, to the nearest wall

of the controlling subdivision or structure containing explosives, as

appropriate. Separation distances are measured along straight lines.

(7) Where railroad cars or motor vehicles containing ammunition and

explosives are not separated from operating buildings, magazines, or

open A&E storage sites in a manner precluding their mass detonation,

the separation distance shall be based on the total quantity of

explosives (see Sec. 184.41(a)) and measured form the outside wall of

the building, railcar, vehicle, or edge of open stack closest to the

target. If the explosives are separated into smaller units so that mass

detonation of the explosives in the railcars and motor vehicles and

inside unit or units shall not occur, the separation distance shall be

measured from the controlling explosives unit, railcar or vehicle

closest to a target.

degrees of safety afforded. Facility damage and personnel injury from

Hazard Division 1.1, A&E, principally depend on blast overpressure and

impulse, although for limited quantities fragment hazards may control

Q/D. For general purposes, peak incident overpressure is the blast

parameter defining maximum permissible levels of exposure. However, in

specific instances the physical characteristics of exposed structures

(such as mass, stiffness, ductility, and so forth) can make blast

impulse the principal damage-causing factor.

(1) Separation distances for earth covered magazines (see

Appendices D and E to Subpart F of this part) provide virtually

complete protection against propagation of explosions among earth-

covered magazines by blast, fragments, or fire. Some cracking of

concrete barrels and rear walls, spalling and severe cracking of front

walls, and damage to doors and ventilators may, however, occur.

(2) Aboveground magazine distances (see columns 10 and 12, Appendix

D to Subpart F of this part) provide considerable protection against

propagation of explosions among above-ground magazines by blast.

Depending on ammunition type, however, there is a risk of delayed

propagation by fragments or of fire spreading from one magazine to

another. Properly designed and placed barricades reduce the risk of

communicating explosion through high-velocity, low-angle fragments.

Without barricades, this risk is high.

(i) The above ground magazine separation distance of 6W1/3

feet corresponds to a peak overpressure level of 27 psi (1.8 bars) (1

bar=14.5 psi) when the explosion source is in the open. Neither the

overpressure nor any other pertinent blast parameter, such as impulse,

shall be significantly reduced by an ordinary storage building of

conventional unstrengthened industrial construction at the explosion

site, or by the barricade required between aboveground magazines at

this distance. A conventional unstrengthened building exposed at this

distance shall be destroyed, vehicles overturned and crushed, and all

occupants killed.

(ii) The unbarricaded aboveground magazine separation distance of

11W1/3 feet corresponds to a peak overpressure level of 8 psi (0.5

bars) from an explosion source in the open. Blast observed at this

distance shall be suppressed only slightly by a storage building of

conventional construction at the explosion site. A conventional

unstrengthened building exposed at this distance shall be destroyed.

Blast will seriously injure eardrums and lungs of any survivor, as will

being blown down or stuck by fragments or building debris. Vehicles

will be severely damaged by blast and may be inoperable.

(3) At blast overpressure of 12 psi (0.7 bars) occurring at scaled

distance of 9W1/3 feet (see Appendices B and C to Subpart F of

this part):

(i) Unstrengthened buildings will suffer severe structural damage

approaching total destruction.

(ii) People at the exposed site will be killed or severely injured

by being thrown about by blast or by building collapse.

(iii) Aircraft will be damaged beyond repair. If the aircraft are

loaded with explosives, delayed explosions are likely to result from

subsequent fires.

(iv) Transport vehicles will be heavily damaged, probably to the

extent of total loss.

(v) Direct propagation of explosion between two explosives

locations is unlikely when barricades between them intercept high-

velocity, low-angle fragments (see Sec. 184.43(a)).

(vi) Improperly designed barricades or structures increase the

hazard from flying debris; further, their probable collapse threatens

personnel and equipment.

(vii) Exposed structures housing personnel or containing equipment

that is monetarily valuable or critically important to the mission, may

require hardening.

(4) At blast overpressure of 3.5 psi (0.24 bars) occurring at

scaled distance of 18W1/3 (see Appendix B to Subpart F of this

part):

(i) Direct propagation of explosion is not expected.

(ii) Delayed communication of explosion from fires, or equipment

failure at the exposed site (ES), is possible.

(iii) Unstrengthened buildings will sustain serious damage,

approximating 50 percent of the total replacement cost.

(iv) Personnel will be critically injured or killed by fragments,

debris, firebrands, and so forth.

(v) There is a 1 percent chance of eardrum damage to personnel.

(vi) Aircraft will be severely damaged from blast, fragments, and

debris.

(vii) Transport vehicles' body panels will be dished and shatter-

resistant window glass will crack. Though extensive, this damage will

not prevent the vehicles from operating.

(viii) Overpressure control by suppressive construction at the PES,

or by protective construction at the ES, is recommended if it is more

economical than distance alone, or if distance cannot suffice.

(5) At blast overpressure of 2.3 psi (0.16 bars) occurring at

scaled distance of 24W1/3 (for quantities up to 100,000 pounds,

see column 8, Appendix A to Subpart F of this part).

(i) Unstrengthened buildings will sustain damage approximating 20

percent of their replacement cost.

(ii) Occupants of exposed structures may suffer temporary hearing

loss or be injured by such blast effects as building debris and being

bodily thrown about.

(iii) Personnel in the open should not be seriously injured by the

blast itself. Fragments and debris could, however, cause injuries,

depending on the PES structure and the fragmentation characteristics

and amount of ammunition within.

(iv) Vehicles on the road should not be damaged unless hit by

fragments or the operator loses control during the blast wave.

(v) Aircraft appendages and sheet metal skin could be damaged by

blast and possibly fragment penetrations, but should be operational

after minor repairs.

(vi) Barricading at the PES reduces injury and damage from

fragments from limited quantities of explosives. Suppressive

construction at the PES or protective construction at the ES are

practical ways of controlling blast over-pressure.

(6) At blast overpressure of between 2.3 psi (0.16 bars) and 1.7

psi (0.1 bars) effects and controls are intermediate between those

described in paragraphs (c)(5) and (c)(7) of this section (for

quantities between 100,000 and 250,000 pounds, see column 8, Appendix A

to Subpart F of this part).

(7) At blast overpressure of 1.7 psi (0.1 bars) occurring at scaled

distance of 30W1/3 (for quantities over 250,000 pounds, see column

8, Appendix A to Subpart F of this part):

(i) Unstrengthened buildings will sustain damage approximating 10

percent of their replacement cost.

(ii) Occupants of exposed unstrengthened structures may suffer

injury from secondary effects, such as building debris.

(iii) Aircraft landing and taking off could lose control and crash.

(iv) Parked military and commercial aircraft, with minor damage due

to blast, should remain airworthy.

(v) Personnel in the open should not be seriously injured by the

blast itself. Depending largely upon the PES structure and the

fragmentation characteristics and amount of ammunition within, however,

fragments and debris could cause injuries.

(vi) Barricading at the PES or application of minimum fragment

distance requirements may reduce injury or damage due to fragments from

limited quantities of explosives.

(8) At blast overpressure of 1.2-0.90 psi (0.08-0.06 bars)

occurring at scaled distance of 40W1/3-50W1/3 (see column 5,

Appendix A to Subpart F of this part):

(i) Unstrengthened buildings will sustain damage approximating 5

percent of their replacement cost.

(ii) Personnel injuries are principally caused by glass breakage

and building debris.

(iii) Personnel in the open should not be seriously injured by the

blast itself. Depending largely upon the PES structure and the

fragmentation characteristics and amount of ammunition within, however,

fragments and debris could cause injuries.

(iv) Both orientation and limiting the surface area of exposed

glass panels can reduce breakage and structural damage.

Sec. 184.43 Permissible exposures to blast overpressure.

(a) At sites exposed to potential blast overpressure of 12 psi (0.7

bars) occurring at 9W1/3 (see column 3, Appendix B to Subpart F

and Appendix C to Subpart F of this part), barricade required unless

otherwise indicated (see Sec. 184.42(c)(3)(vii)), the following

facilities or operations are permitted:

(1) Buildings housing successive steps of a single production,

renovation, or maintenance operation.

(2) Breakrooms and change houses, if part of an operating line and

used exclusively by personnel employed in operations of the line.

(3) Temporary holding areas for trucks or railcars containing

explosives to service production or maintenance facilities.

(4) Field operations in magazine areas, when performing minor

maintenance, preservation, packaging, or surveillance inspection.

(5) Unmanned auxiliary power facilities, transformer stations,

water treatment and pollution abatement facilities, and other utility

installations that serve the PES but are not integral, the loss of

which would not create an immediate secondary hazard. These do not need

barricades. However, unmanned auxiliary power generating or converting

facilities supplying power exclusively to the explosives storage area

and security fence lighting may be located as close as fire distance

from explosives facilities (50 feet for fire resistant structures and

100 feet for non-fire resistant structures).

(6) Dunnage preparation and similar support structures housing non-

explosives operations, if used only by PES employees.

(7) Service magazines that are a part of operating lines. Distances

are based on the quantity/type of ammunition or explosives in the

service magazine(s), not in the operating building.

(8) Exposures as indicated in paragraph (b) of this section, if

blast suppression, structure hardening, and so forth, provides

comparable protection for the personnel and equipment involved.

(b) At sites exposed to potential blast overpressure of 3.5 psi

(0.24 bars) occurring at 18W1/3 (see column 4, Appendix B to

Subpart F and Appendix C to Subpart F of this part), the following

facilities or operations are permitted:

(1) Construction workers in the vicinity of ammunition production

areas, waterfront areas where ammunition is being handled, or areas for

loading explosives onto aircraft.

(2) Surveillance, maintenance, and inspection buildings; and labor-

intensive operations closely related to PES.

(3) Comfort, safety, and convenience buildings exclusively

supporting PES, including lunchrooms, motor pools, area offices,

auxiliary fire stations, transportation dispatch points, and shipping

and receiving buildings (not magazine area loading docks).

(4) Operations and training functions manned or attended only by

personnel operating the PES.

(5) Parking lots for privately owned vehicles belonging to

personnel at the PES. See Sec. 184.33.

(6) Service magazines that are part of operating lines. Distances

are based on quantity/type of ammunition or explosives in the service

magazine(s), not in the operating building.

(7) Container stuffing and unstuffing operations that are routine

support of PES. This applies to main support functions set aside for

support of manufacturing operations. Container stuffing and unstuffing

in magazine areas are permitted at intermagazine distances.

(0.16 bars) occurring at 24W1/3 (see column 8, Appendix A to

Subpart F of this part), the following facilities or operations are

permitted:

(1) Public traffic routes for NEW under 100,000 pounds.

(2) Personnel exposed to remotely controlled operations. NOTE:

Personnel at control stations less than 24W1/3 from the PES,

though provided with blast-attenuating and fragment-defeating shields,

shall not be exposed to overpressure greater than 2.3 psi (0.16 bars).

(3) Open-air recreation facilities exposed to PES containing NEW of

up to 100,000 pounds, such as baseball diamonds, volleyball courts, and

so forth, used by personnel assigned to the facility, where structures

are not involved.

(d) At sites exposed to potential blast overpressure of 1.7 psi

(0.1 bars) occurring at 30W1/3, the following facilities or

operations are permitted:

(1) Public traffic routes.

(2) Private vehicle parking in administrative areas. Minimum

fragment distance should be applied.

(e) At sites exposed to potential blast overpressure of 1.2-0.90

psi (0.08-0.06 bars) occurring at 40W1/3 to 50W1/3 (see

column 5, Appendix A, to Subpart F of this part), the following

facilities or operations are permitted:

(1) Inhabited buildings; administration and housing areas.

(2) Plant boundaries and magazines servicing the establishment in

general (see Sec. 184.45(j)).

(3) Athletic fields and other recreation areas when structures are

present.

(4) Flight line passenger service facilities.

(5) Utilities providing power to most of an establishment.

(6) Storehouses and shops having strategically or intrinsically

valuable contents which shall not be jeopardized.

(7) Functions which, if momentarily out of action, would cause an

immediate secondary hazard.

Sec. 184.44 Ammunition and explosives facilities.

This section identifies the types, general specifications, and

siting requirements of various magazines for ammunition, explosives,

and other dangerous materials.

(a) Barricades and earth cover for magazines--(1) General. Both

constructed barricades and undisturbed earth can protect ammunition and

explosives, structures, and operations against high-velocity, low-angle

fragments, although the barricades may be destroyed in the process.

Further, barricades provide limited protection against blast in their

immediate vicinity, provide no protection against high-angle fragments,

and are ineffective in reducing the blast pressure in the far field

(inhabited building or public traffic route distance).

(2) Barricade requirements. Protection is considered effective when

barricades meet the following minimum requirements:

(i) The slope of a barricade will not be steeper than 2/3 (rise/

run). To reduce erosion and facilitate maintenance operations, future

constructions should have a slope of 1/2.

(ii) The earth barricade shall consist of material described in

paragraph (a)(4) of this section.

(iii) Barricade height and length shall be determined as follows:

(A) Heights. Establish a reference point at the top of the far edge

of one of the two stacks that the barricade is to separate. If the tops

of the stacks are at different elevations, this reference point shall

be on the lower stack. Draw a line from the reference point to the top

of he other stack. Draw a second line from the reference point to form

a 2 degree angle above the first line. To limit barricade height, each

should be as close as possible to the stack that served as the

reference point. See Appendices A and B of this subpart.

(B) Lengths. The length of the barricade shall be determined as

shown in Appendix C of this subpart.

(iv) Earth barricades meeting the previously identified

requirements may be modified by substituting a retaining wall,

preferably of concrete, for the slope on one side. The other side shall

have slope and thickness sufficient to ensure that the width of earth

required for the top is held firmly in place.

(v) Other barriers, such as earth-filled steel bin barricades for

explosives-loaded aircraft, may also be used.

(3) Location of barricades. The distance between the foot of the

barricade and the stack of ammunition or explosives or the buildings

containing explosives represents a compromise. The shorter the

distance, the shorter the height and length required for the barricade.

However, it may be necessary to extend the distance to provide access

for maintenance and vehicles. If it is impracticable to locate the

barricades near the stack of ammunition or explosives or building

containing explosives, barricades may be located adjacent to the

facility to be protected.

(4) Earth cover for magazines and barricades. (i) Earth cover

material for magazines and barricades shall be relatively cohesive

(solid or wet clay and similar types of soil are too cohesive and

should not be used), free from unsanitary organic matter, trash,

debris, and stones heavier than 10 pounds or larger than 6 inches in

diameter. The larger stones should be limited to the lower center of

fill and never used for earth cover over magazines. Compaction and

surface preparation shall be provided, as necessary, to maintain

structural integrity and avoid erosion. Where cohesive material cannot

be used, as in sandy soil, the barricade or the earth cover over

magazines should be finished with a suitable material to ensure

structural integrity.

(ii) The earth fill or earth cover between earth-covered magazines

may be either solid or sloped, in accordance with the requirements of

other construction features, but a minimum of 2 feet of earth cover

shall be maintained over the top of each magazine and a minimum slope

of 2/3 (rise/run) starting directly above the spring line of each arch

shall be maintained. To reduce erosion and facilitate maintenance

operations, future constructions should have a slope of 2 horizontal to

1 vertical.

(b) Application of Q/D to earth-covered magazines. (1) For

application of quantity/distances, magazines shall not have been

structurally weakened to the extent that they could not be expected to

prevent propagation of explosives. The specified thickness and slope of

the earth cover shall be maintained.

(2) Normally, earth-covered magazines shall not be constructed to

face door-to-door. They should face in the same direction with the long

axes parallel to each other. In special cases where topographic or

other important considerations would result in different orientations,

they shall be sited in accordance with Sec. 184.54.

art'' in protective construction is such as to permit any calculated

level of protection from explosion communication between adjacent bays

or buildings, personnel protection against death or serious injury from

incidents in adjacent bays or buildings, and protection of vital and

expensive equipment installations. Therefore, the major obstacles in

facility planning should be:

(1) Protection against explosion communication between adjacent

bays or buildings and protection of personnel against death or serious

injury from incidents in adjacent bays or buildings. In situations

where the protection of personnel and facilities would be greatly

enhanced or costs significantly reduced by having separate buildings to

limit explosion propagation rather than using protective construction

and separation of explosive units within one building, planning should

reflect this fact.

(2) Provision of protection for vital and expensive equipment, if

the additional cost is warranted.

(3) When an appropriate degree of protection can be provided either

by hardening a target building or constructing a source building to

suppress/explosion effects, these factors may be taken into account and

the distances/required by the standard Q/D tables reduced. The

rationale or test results justifying the reduction shall accompany A&E

site and general construction plans proposing reduced distances based

on protective construction, when submitted through the ACO for PCO

approval.

Sec. 184.45 Specific siting requirements.

(a) Rail and truck holding yards. (1) Generally, rail holding yards

should be laid out on a unit car/group basis with each unit car/group

separated by the applicable aboveground magazine distance.

(2) If the rail holding yard is formed by two parallel ladder

tracks connected by diagonal spurs, the parallel tracks and the

diagonal spurs shall be separated by applicable aboveground magazine

distances for the unit/group/quantities of high explosives.

(3) If the rail holding yard is a ``Christmas tree'' arrangement,

consisting of a ladder track with diagonal dead-end spurs projecting

from each side at alternate intervals, the spurs should be separated by

the applicable aboveground magazine distance for the net quantity of

high explosives in the cars on the spurs.

(4) Generally, truck holding yards should be laid out on a unit

truck/group basis with each group separated by the applicable

aboveground magazine distances.

(5) Both rail and truck holding yards shall be separated from other

facilities by the applicable Q/D criteria.

(6) In addition to the temporary parking of railcars, trucks or

trailers containing ammunition and explosives, holding yards also may

be used to interchange truck trailers or railcars between commercial

carrier and the contractor and to conduct visual inspections.

(b) Classification yards. (1) To protect the classification yard

from external explosions, separation distances shall, at least, be the

applicable magazine distance.

(2) Specific quantity/distance separation is not required from the

classification yard to targets other than explosive locations when the

classification yard is used exclusively for the following:

(i) Receiving, dispatching, classifying, and switching of cars.

(ii) Interchanging of trucks, trailers, railcars, or MILVANS

between the common carrier and the establishment.

(iii) Conducting external inspection of motor vehicles and

railcars, or opening of free-rolling doors of railcars for the purpose

of removing documents and making a visual inspection of the cargo.

(3) If the yard is used at any time for any purpose other than

listed in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, such as placing or removal

of dunnage or explosive items into or from cars, Q/D tables apply. See

Sec. 184.42(b)(1) through (b)(7).

quantity/distance separations are not required for inspection stations;

however, they should be as remote as practicable from hazardous or

populated areas. The following activities may be performed at the

inspection station after railcars or motor vehicles containing

ammunition and explosives are received from the delivering carrier,

before further routing within the installation:

(i) Visual inspection of railcar and motor vehicle exteriors.

(ii) Visual inspection of the cargo in vehicles (trucks, trailers,

railcars, MILVANS, and so forth) that have passed the external

inspection previously indicated.

(iii) Interchange of truck, trailers, railcars, or MILVANS between

the common carrier and the establishment.

(2) If any activities, other than those previously listed, are

conducted at the inspection station, Q/D tables apply.

(3) Any cars or trucks suspected of being hazardous shall be

isolated consistent with applicable Q/D separation for the hazard class

and explosives quantity involved. This shall be accomplished before any

subsequent action.

(d) Administration, industrial, and convenience areas. (1)

Administration and industrial areas shall be separated from PES's by

inhabited building distances.

(2) Auxiliary facilities such as heating plants, line offices,

break areas, briefing rooms for daily work schedules or site safety

matters, joiner shops, security posts, and similar functions that are

required to be at explosives operations and servicing only one building

or operation shall be so located and constructed as to provide prudent

fire protection.

(e) Underground tanks or pipelines. These should be separated from

buildings or stacks containing A&E of Hazard Divisions 1.2 through 1.4

by a minimum distance of 80 feet. The separation for Hazard Division

1.1, should correspond to the formula D = 3W1/3 with a minimum

distance of 80 feet, unless the donor building is designed to contain

the effects of an explosion.

(f) Storage tanks built on or above the surface of the ground. If

protection of above-ground storage tanks is required, the distances in

column 5, Appendix A to Subpart F of this part shall apply.

(g) Recreational, training, and other such areas. Open areas

between explosives storage and handling sites and between these sites

and non-explosives buildings and structures, should be carefully

controlled, when used as employee recreation or training facilities.

The severe fragment hazard will usually extend from the explosion site

to approximately the public traffic route distances. Accordingly,

exposed recreation and training facilities where employees are in the

open shall be sited at not less than public traffic route distances and

as close to inhabited building distances as practicable. When

structures, including bleachers, are included as part of these

facilities, they shall be sited at not less than inhabited building

distances.

(h) Demolition or burning areas. Sites for demolition and burning

of explosives shall be separated from other facilities based on the

hazards associated with the quantity and type of material to be

destroyed.

(i) Adjacent operating lines. These shall be separated from one

another by no less than unbarricaded intraline distance (18W1/3)

for the hazard class and explosive quantities involved, whether or not

barricaded, and provided that ammunition and explosives involved in

each operating line present similar hazards. The criticality of

survivability of one or more of the operating lines may require that

each line be given an inhabited building distance level of protection.

(j) A&E storage magazines. A&E storage locations that service the

establishment in general shall be separated by appropriate inhabited

building distance (blast overpressure or fragmentation, whichever

applies) from A&E operating lines/locations, inert areas (warehouses,

shops, administrative facilities, and so forth) and property

boundaries.

(k) Spacing for movement of ammunition and explosives within

operating lines. Items or groups of items of ammunition and explosives

that are transported from one operating building to another, or from

bay to bay within an operating building, shall be separated to preclude

the establishment of a path for the propagation of an explosion or fire

between the buildings or bays. For this purpose, the minimum spacing

between items, or groups of items, in transport shall be intraline

distance unless reduced distances have been approved by the PCO.

BILLING CODE 5000-04-M

TP16DE94.000

TP16DE94.001

TP16DE94.002

BILLING CODE 5000-04-C

Subpart E--Storage Compatibility System

Sec. 184.47 General.

(a) Storage of A&E is based on the capability requirements of this

subpart and the hazard classification requirements of Subpart F to this

part.

(b) Storage compatibility groups (SCG) and hazard classification

for DoD A&E items and materials are listed in the Joint Hazard

Classification System (JHCS) (see TB 700-2, Explosive Hazard

Classification Procedures). Additional information may be available

from the procuring activity in the form of Hazardous Component Safety

Data Statements (HCSDS) for intermediate materials and items. When the

solicitation or contract lacks such information, it may be requested

through contract channels.

other hazardous materials, including A&E, not contained within the

JHCS, can be derived from references such as those cited below.

(1) Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Transportation, Parts

100-199.

(2) National Fire Protection Association, Manual 491M.\6\

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\6\Copies may be obtained from the National Fire Protection

Association, Batterymarch Park, Attn: National Fire Codes

Subscription--Service Department, Quincy, MA 02269.

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(3) Data sheets developed by the National Safety Council.

(4) Data sheets developed by the Manufacturing Chemists

Association.

(5) Manuals and books providing information on the properties of

hazardous materials. There are a number of competent guides to the

safety precautions required when handling potentially hazardous

materials. These guides typically provide basic precautions, specific

hazardous reactions, and industrial hygiene information. Additional

guidance for industrial hygiene and industrial medicine is available

from the American Council of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists and

OSHA/NIOSH.

(d) The previous guidance is applicable for storage and

transportation only and is not intended for in-process applications.

For in-process application, refer to Subpart F of this part.

Sec. 184.48 Storage compatibility grouping.

(a) All A&E are assigned one of thirteen compatibility groups

(SCG).

(b) Storage principles. (1) The highest degree of safety in A&E

storage could be assured if each item or division were stored

separately. However, such ideal storage is not generally feasible. A

proper balance of safety and other factors frequently requires mixing

of several types of ammunition and explosives in storage.

(2) A&E shall not be stored with dissimilar materials or items that

present hazards to the munitions. Examples are mixed storage of A&E

with flammable or combustible materials, acids, or corrosives.

(3) Different types of A&E may be mixed in storage, by item and

division, provided they are compatible. A&E are assigned to a SCG when

they can be stored together without significantly increasing either the

probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of

the effects of such an accident.

(4) A&E should be mixed in storage only when such mixing will

facilitate safe operations and promote overall storage efficiency.

(5) As used in these requirements, the term ``with its own means of

initiation'' indicates that the ammunition has its normal initiating

device assembled to it and this device is considered to present a

significant risk during storage. However, the term does not apply when

the initiating device is packaged in a manner that eliminates the risk

of detonating the ammunition if the initiating device should

accidentally function, or when fuzed end items are configured and

packaged to prevent their inadvertent arming. The initiating device may

even be assembled to the ammunition, provided its safety features

preclude initiation or detonation of the explosives filler of the end

item if the initiating device should accidentally function.

A&E within one compatibility group are compatible and may be stored

together, except for some items in SCG K and L (see Appendix A to this

subpart).

(2) Ammunition and explosives in substandard or damaged packaging,

in a suspect condition, or with characteristics that increase the risk

in storage are not compatible with other A&E and shall be stored

separately.

(d) Storage compatibility group. A&E are assigned to one of

thirteen storage compatibility groups (A through H, J, K, L, N, and S):

(1) Group A--initiating explosives. Bulk initiating explosives that

have the sensitivity to heat, friction, or percussion necessary for use

as initiating elements in an explosive train. Examples are wet lead

azide, wet lead styphnate, wet mercury fulminate, wet tetracene, and

dry PETN.

(2) Group B. Detonators and similar initiating devices not

containing two or more independent safety features. Items containing

initiating explosives that are designed to initiate or continue the

functioning of an explosive train. Examples are detonators, blasting

caps, small arms primers, and fuzes.

(3) Group C. Bulk propellants, propelling charges, and devices

containing propellant with or without their own means of ignition.

Items that upon initiation will deflagrate, explode, or detonate.

Examples are single-, double-, triple-base, and composite propellants;

rocket motors (solid propellant); and ammunition with inert

projectiles. Liquid propellants are not included.

(4) Group D. Black powder, high explosives (HE), and ammunition

containing HE without its own means of initiation and without

propelling charge and fuzes with two or more safety features. A&E that

can be expected to explode or detonate when any given item/component

thereof is initiated (except for fuzes with two or more safety

features). Examples are bulk TNT, composition B, wet RDX or PETN,

bombs, and CBU's.

(5) Group E. A&E containing HE without its own means of initiation

and with propelling charge. See paragraph (b)(5) of this section.

Examples are artillery ammunition, rockets, and guided missiles.

(6) Group F. Ammunition containing HE with its own means of

initiation, not meeting requirements of paragraph (b)(5) of this

section, and with or without propelling charge. HE ammunition or

devices (fuzed), with or without propelling charges. Examples are

grenades, sounding devices, and similar items having an in-line

explosive train in the initiator.

(7) Group G. Fireworks; illuminating, incendiary, smoke (including

HC), or tear-producing munitions other than those munitions that are

water-activated or contain white phosphorus or flammable liquid or gel.

(8) Group H. Ammunition containing both explosives and white

phosphorus or other pyrophoric material. Ammunition in this group

contains fillers which are spontaneously flammable when exposed to the

atmosphere.

(9) Group J. Ammunition containing explosives and flammable liquids

or gels, with or without explosives. Ammunition in this group contains

flammable liquids or gels other than those that are spontaneously

flammable when exposed to water or the atmosphere. Examples are liquid-

or gel-filled incendiary ammunition; FAE devices; flammable, liquid-

fueled missiles; and torpedoes.

(10) Group K. Ammunition containing both explosives and toxic

chemical agents. Ammunition in this group contains chemicals

specifically designed for incapacitating effects more severe than

lachrymation. Examples are artillery or mortar ammunition, fuzed or

unfuzed, grenades, and rockets or bombs filled with a lethal or

incapacitating chemical agent (see note 8, Appendix A to this subpart).

(11) Group L. Ammunition not included in other compatibility

groups, having characteristics that do not permit storage with other

types of ammunition or kinds of explosives. Examples are water-

activated devices; prepackaged, hypergolic liquid-fueled rocket

engines; TPA (thickened TEA); and damaged or suspect ammunition of any

group. Types presenting similar hazards (that is, oxidizers with

oxidizers, fuels with fuels, etc.) may be stored together but not mixed

with other groups.

(12) Group N. Ammunition containing only extremely insensitive

detonating substance (EIDS); examples are bombs and warheads.

(13) Group S. Ammunition presenting no significant hazard. All

hazardous explosive effects are confined and self-contained within the

item or package. An incident may destroy all items in a single pack but

must not communicate to other packs. Examples are thermal batteries,

explosive switches or valves, and other ammunition items packaged to

meet this criterion.

(e) Mixed storage.

(1) Mixing of SCG's is permitted as indicated in Appendix A of this

subpart. For purposes of mixing, all items shall be packaged in

approved storage containers.

(2) Items from SCG's C, D, E, F, G, J, and S may be combined in

storage, provided the net quantity of explosives in the items or in

bulk does not exceed 1000 pounds per storage site.

(3) In addition to paragraph (e)(2) of this section, items assigned

to Hazard Division 1.4, SCG C, G, or S, may be combined in storage

without regard to explosives quantity limitations.

Sec. 184.49 Explosives hazard classification procedures.

TB 700-2/NAVSEAINST 8020.8/TO IIA-1-47/DLAR 8220, DoD Explosives

Hazard Classification Procedures, shall be used as a basis for

assignment of hazard class/division to all ammunition and explosives.

Appendix A to Subpart E of Part 184--Storage Compatibility Mixing Chart

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Groups A B C D E F G H J K L N S

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A............... X Z

B............... Z X Z Z Z Z Z X X

C............... Z X X X Z Z X X

D............... Z X X X Z Z X X

E............... Z X X X Z Z X X

F............... Z Z Z Z X Z X X

G............... Z Z Z Z Z X X X

H............... X X

J............... X X

K............... Z

L...............

N............... X X X X X X X X

S............... X X X X X X X X X X

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Notes:

1. An ``X'' indicates that the intersecting groups may be combined in storage. Otherwise, mixing is either prohibited or restricted per note 2.

2. A ``Z'' indicates that, when warranted by operational considerations or magazine nonavailability, and when safety is not sacrificed, the intersecting

groups may be combined in storage. Operational considerations include conditions that waste resources such as money, manpower, and energy, or

compromise security, readiness, or the ability to accomplish the installation mission. Storage personnel, after consultation with safety personnel,

should determine when operational considerations exist that warrant ``Z'' storage compatibility mixing. Examples of acceptable combinations of class 1

follow:

a. Division 1, group C, bulk propellants with division 1, group G, fireworks.

b. Division 1, group C, rocket motors with division 1, group F, ammunition with its own means of initiation.

c. Group C rocket motors with group B detonators and similar initiating items.

3. Equal numbers of separately packaged components of complete rounds of any single type of ammunition may be stored together. When so stored,

compatibility is that of the assembled round; that is, WP filler in group H, HE filler in group D, E, or F, as appropriate.

4. See Sec. 184.48(e) for permissible mixed storage of quantities of 1000 pounds or less.

5. Ammunition designated ``practice'' or ``target practice'' by national stock number and nomenclature may be stored with the fully loaded ammunition it

simulated (for example, 2.75 inch TP rockets with WP rockets).

6. Ammunition items without explosives containing substances more suited to another hazard division may be assigned to the same compatibility group as

items containing explosives and the same substances, and be stored with them.

7. Articles of Compatibility Group B and F shall each be segregated in storage from articles of other compatibility groups by means which are effective

in the prevention of propagation to those articles.

8. Group K requires not only separate storage from other groups, but also may require separation storage for different items within the group. Before

storage of mixed items in Group K, PCO approval shall be obtained.

9. If dissimilar Hazard Division 1.6, Group N munitions, such as Mk 82 and Mk 84 Bombs, are mixed together and have not been tested to assure non-

propagation; the mixed munitions are considered to be Hazard Division 1.2, Storage and Compatibility Group D for purposes of transportation and

storage.

Subpart F--Hazard Classification and Q/D Criteria

Sec. 184.51 General.

(a) This subpart outlines Q/D requirements applicable to storage,

processing, and handling of A&E. The maximum amount of explosives

permitted at any location is determined by the distance from that

location to other exposed sites and the hazard classification assigned

to the A&E involved. The applicable Q/D table in this subpart shall be

used to determine this distance. Greater distances than those shown in

the tables should be used when practicable.

(b) Distances required in the standard Q/D tables may be reduced if

structural data or engineering demonstrate that explosion effects will

be reduced or eliminated through containment, direction or suppression

shields or building volume. The rationale or test results justifying

the proposed distance reduction shall accompany A&E site and general

construction plans when submitted through the ACO for the PCO's

approval. See Sec. 184.7.

Sec. 184.52 Hazard classes and class divisions.

(a) The United Nations Organization (UNO) classification system

consists of nine hazard classes, with ammunition and explosives

included in Class 1; however, some items containing explosives

components may be included in other classes based upon the

``predominant hazard'' of that item (flammable liquids or compressed

gas). Thirteen compatibility groups are included for segregating

ammunition and explosives on the basis of similar characteristics,

properties, and potential accident effects.

(b) The A&E hazard classes are further subdivided into

``divisions'' according to the associate hazards, including the

potential for causing personnel casualties or property damage as shown:

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Hazard class and division

designator Hazards

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1.1.............................. Mass detonating.

1.2.............................. Nonmass-detonating fragment

producing.

1.3.............................. Mass fire.

1.4.............................. Moderate fire, no blast.

1.5.............................. Extremely insensitive detonating

substances (EIDS).

1.6.............................. EIDS loaded items.

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NAVSEAINST 8020.8, TO IIA-I-47 and DLAR 8220.1) shall be used as a

basis for assignment of hazard classes/divisions to all DoD ammunition

and explosives. As stated in Sec. 184.47(d), these classifications

pertain to A&E packaged for transportation or storage. Such hazard

classification information may not be valid when applied to the hazards

associated with manufacturing or loading processes. For such processes,

the materials and processes shall be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

Sources of information to support this process of analysis are

available from service research and development organizations through

contract channels, and other sources. The methodologies described in

Sec. 184.199 for propellant is an example of an acceptable approach.

Sections 184.73 through 184.81 provide examples of processes requiring

analysis to determine the hazards.

(d) The separation of the A&E hazard classes into the several

divisions does not necessarily mean that the different items in a

division may be stored together. Also, some items may appear in more

than one division, depending upon factors such as the degree of

confinement or separation, type of packaging, storage configuration, or

state of assembly.

(e) The maximum amount of explosives permitted in any location is

limited by the Q/D criteria. Explosives limits shall be established in

amounts no greater than those consistent with safe and efficient

operations.

(f) A numerical figure (in parentheses) is used to indicate the

minimum separation distance (in hundreds of feet) for protection from

debris, fragments, and firebrands when distance alone is relied on for

such protection. This number shall be placed to the left of the

division designators 1.1 through 1.3, such as (18)1.1, (08)1.2, and

(06)1.3. The following apply to minimum fragment distances:

(1) A hazardous fragment is one having an impact energy of at least

58 ft-lb and a hazardous fragment density is constituted by at least

one hazardous fragment impacting in an area of 600 square feet or less.

Fragment distances do not indicate the maximum range to which fragments

may be projected.

(2) For divisions 1.1 and 1.3, a minimum distance number shall be

used where the ranges of hazardous fragments and firebrands EXCEED the

distances specified for inhabited buildings in the applicable Q/D

table.

(3) Minimum fragment distance protects personnel in the open;

minimum firebrand distance primarily protects facilities.

(4) Examples where minimum fragment and firebrand distances for

division 1.1 and 1.3 need not be applied follow:

(i) Recreation or training facilities, if these facilities are for

the exclusive use of personnel assigned to the PES.

(ii) Between PES and relatively static inert storage areas.

(iii) Between facilities in an operating line, between facilities

and holding sites in an operating line, between operating lines, and

between operating lines and storage locations normally separated by

inhabited building distances to protect workers and ensure against

interruption of production.

(5) The minimum distance for protection from hazardous fragments

shall be based on the debris producing characteristics of the PES and

the population density of the ES. For populous locations, the minimum

distance shall be that distance at which fragments, including debris

from structural elements of the facility or process equipment, shall

not exceed a hazardous fragment density of one hazardous fragment per

600 square feet (56 m\2\). If this distance is not known, the following

shall apply:

(i) For all Hazard Division 1.1 A&E, the minimum distance to

exposures shall be 670 feet for 100 pounds NEW or less. In quantities

of 101 to 30,000 pounds NEW, the minimum distance shall be 1,250 feet.

These distances may be reduced when it can be shown by test data that

reductions are warranted or when other alternatives, as described in

Sec. 184.52 (f)(6) through (f)(9) are used. For items that have been

evaluated adequately, different minimum distances may be used.

(Facilities sited at 1,235 or 1,245 feet in accordance with past

requirements shall be considered to be in compliance with the 1,250

foot minimum requirement.)

(ii) For public traffic routes that are not probable sites for

future construction, and for other exposures permitted at public

traffic route distances from PES, fragment and firebrand minimum

distances for Hazard Divisions 1.1 and 1.3 may be reduced to 60 percent

of these requisite distances.

(6) For sparsely populated locations on or off the establishment,

the minimum fragment distance can be reduced to 900 ft. if certain

specific conditions exist as follows:

(i) No more than 25 persons are located in any sector bounded by

the sides of a 45 degree angle, with the vertex at the PES, and the 900

ft. and 1,250 ft. arcs from the PES, and

(ii) The NEW of the PES does not exceed 11,400 pounds.

(7) Minimum fragment distances may extend onto uninhabited areas

such as wildlife preserve, desert, prairie, swamp, forest or

agricultural land, adjacent to contractor facilities but not within

control of the contractor. However, without a restrictive easement in

effect, construction of inhabited buildings or other exposures in these

areas, would reimpose minimum fragment distance.

(8) In lieu of the minimum fragment distances prescribed, other

alternatives, which reduce or eliminate the fragment hazard, may be

used for requirements compliance, per Sec. 184.51(b). Examples include:

(i) Use distance demonstrated by testing, accident experience or

engineering studies.

(ii) Use protective structures.

(iii) Use containment facilities or suppressive shields or other

fragment control devices.

(iv) Design/locate equipment to reduce fragment generation or to

control the direction of fragmentation.

(v) Use barricades or terrain where possible to stop low angle,

high velocity fragments.

(9) Fragment distance need not be applied when it is demonstrated

by structural analysis, shielding test or other documentation that

building construction and volume shall confine fragments and debris

resulting from an explosives accident.

(g) In the application of inhabited building and public traffic

route distances, the property boundary shall be treated as the

governing target. In interpreting application to navigable waterways as

public traffic routes, occasional small fishing and pleasure boats may

be ignored.

Sec. 184.53 Hazard Division 1.1--mass detonating.

(a) Entire quantities of items in this division can detonate almost

instantaneously. Some examples: bulk explosives, some propellants,

mines, bombs, demolition charges, torpedo and missile warheads,

rockets, palletized projectiles loaded with TNT or Composition B, 8-

inch and larger high-capacity projectiles loaded with Explosive D,

mass-detonating CBU's, and mass-detonating ammunition components.

(b) Use Appendix A to this subpart to determine inhabited building

and public traffic route distances, Appendices B and C to this subpart

for intraline distance, Appendix D to this subpart for intermagazine

distance and Appendices E and F to this subpart for fragment distances.

Sec. 184.54 Application of intermagazine distances for Hazard Division

1.1 only.

(a) In applying the intermagazine distances given in Appendix D to

this subpart, consideration shall be given to magazine construction and

orientation. For earth-covered magazine separation distances, the

following conditions apply:

(1) When standard earth-covered magazines containing Hazard

Division 1.1 ammunition are sited so that any one is in the forward

section, 60 degrees either side of the centerline of another, the two

shall be separated by distances greater than the minimum permitted for

side-to-side orientations. The greater distances primarily protect door

and headwall structures against blast from a potential explosion site

forward of the exposed magazine. When a blast wave is reflect from a

surface at other than grazing incidence (side-on orientation), the

overpressure may be increased substantially over the free-field value.

High reflected pressure impulse can damage doors and headwalls and

propel the debris into the earth-covered magazine, communicating the

explosion to the contents on impact. Some examples of the application

of these rules follow:

(i) If headwalls of both A and B are outside the 120-degree sector

(60 degrees either side of the centerline), they may be separated by

the column 4 distances based on the largest quantity of Hazard Division

1.1 stored in either. This is considered the equivalent of standard

side-to-side separation with the optimum orientation--all earth-covered

magazines facing the same direction and axes parallel. See paragraphs

(a) and (b), Appendix G to this subpart.

(ii) If headwall of A is outside the 120-degree sector of B, but

headwall of B is inside the 120-degree sector of A, separation distance

between these two earth-covered magazines is determined by column 6,

based on the largest quantity of Hazard Division 1.1 in either earth-

covered magazine. However, if the quantity in B were reduced to less

than \1/10\ of that in A, or if the storage in B is not class 1,

division 1, earth-covered magazine A would control as a potential

explosion site. Then, in accordance with Sec. 184.42, the distance

shall be taken from column 4, based on the quantity in A; that is, the

quantity in A would not need to be reduced. See paragraph c, Appendix G

to this subpart.

(iii) If headwalls of A and B are within the 120-degree sector of

each other and are not provided with a separate door barricade,

Appendix D to this subpart, column 12 distances shall be used to

separate them. If a door barricade is present (meeting requirements of

Sec. 184.44(a)) such as A to C, then column 10 distances may be used to

determine separation distances. See paragraph (a), Appendix G to this

subpart.

(iv) Although no separate barricade is shown between A and B, more

detailed analysis of a specific storage condition of this type might

show that the distribution of explosives within A and B is such that

the earth fill of one or the other or both meets the specifications of

an effective barricade according to Sec. 184.44(a). In such a case,

column 10 distances would apply between A and B. See paragraph (d),

Appendix G to this subpart.

(v) Two additional standard earth-covered magazine orientations

warrant analysis:

(A) Earth-covered magazines A and B significantly differ in length

(paragraph (f), Appendix G to this subpart) or are ``canted'' in such a

manner that one of them is within the 120-degree sector off the

headwall of the other, even though a straight line between headwall A

and earth-covered magazine B does pass through the earth cover of B.

See Appendix G to this subpart.

(B) If B is the potential explosion site and A is the exposed site,

the limit for B would be determined by column 7. With A as the

potential explosion site, however, the limit for A would be based upon

column 4.

(vi) For future construction when standard earth-covered magazines

containing Hazard Division 1.1 ammunition are sited so that any one is

in the forward sector of another, the two shall be separated by

distances greater than the minimum permitted for side-to-side

orientations. The forward sector, or ``front'', for earth-covered

magazines is the area 60 degrees either side of the magazine centerline

with the vertex of the angle placed so that the sides of the angle pass

through the intersection of the headwall and side walls. The greater

distances are required primarily for the protection of door and

headwall structures against blast from a PES forward of the exposed

magazine, and to a lesser extent due to the directionality of effects

from the source. When a blast wave is reflected from a surface at other

than grazing incidence (side-on orientation), the overpressure may be

increased substantially over the free-field value. High reflected

pressure and impulse can damage doors and headwalls and propel the

debris into the earth-covered magazine so that explosion is

communicated by impact of such debris upon the contents.

(2) When considering relationships between standard earth-covered

magazines and aboveground magazines or facilities requiring intraline

distances, each containing class 1, division 1, ammunition or

explosives, the question regarding the use of barricaded or

unbarricaded distances arises. The following criteria shall apply:

(i) Aboveground magazines or facilities requiring intraline

distances within the 120-degree sector in front of a standard earth-

covered magazine shall be provided unbarricaded distances, unless a

separate effective intervening barricade meeting requirements of

Sec. 184.44(a)(2) is present, in which case barricaded distances may be

applied. See paragraph (g), Appendix G to this subpart.

(ii) Aboveground magazines or facilities requiring intraline

distances outside of the 120-degree sector in front of a standard

earth-covered magazine shall be provided with barricaded distances

whether or not a separate intervening barricade is present. See

paragraph (g), Appendix G to this subpart.

(b) Distances in column 4 apply to nonstandard, earth-covered

magazines oriented so that all straight lines between the side and rear

walls of two magazines pass through an earth-covered surface of each;

similarly, column 10 distances apply to all orientations in which every

straight line between two magazine passes through the earth cover of

one and only one of them. If the above conditions cannot be met, column

12 distances apply. The earth cover of nonstandard magazines shall be

equal to or greater than that required for standard earth-covered,

arch-type magazines.

follows:

(1) Earth-covered magazines that are equivalent in strength to

those specified under the definition of ``standard magazine'' in

Subpart S of this part are limited to 500,000 pounds NEW. Earth-covered

magazines, not equivalent in strength to those, are limited to 250,000

pounds NEW.

(2) Quantities above 500,000 pounds NEW in one storage location are

not authorized except for liquid propellants.

(3) The distance given for 0 to 100 pounds NEW constitutes the

minimum magazine spacing permitted.

(d) Examples given in Secs. 184.54 (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(v),

apply only to the storage of Hazard Division 1.1, ammunition and

explosives. Existing earth-covered magazines, regardless of

orientation, meeting the construction and barricading requirements of

Subpart D of this part and consistent with the definition of

``magazine'' in Subpart S of this part (and sited for any quantity of

class 1, division 1), may be used to their physical capacity for the

storage of Hazard Division 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, A&E.

Sec. 184.55 Hazard Division 1.2--nonmass detonating, fragment

producing.

(a) Items in this division are those for which the principal

hazards are fragment and blast, either individually or in combination,

depending on such factors as storage configuration, type of packing,

and quantity. The designated minimum distances that are specified are

based on the limiting range of fragments for which protection by

distance is to be provided and shall be used for inhabited building and

public traffic route distances.

(b) The fragment hazard from items within a specified minimum

distance category varies with existing conditions, but is essentially

the same for one as for many items or components. For these items, the

required separation distances are influenced heavily by packing, state

of assembly, charge/weight ratio, and caliber. Items in this division

usually explode progressively when involved in a fire or otherwise

initiated. Therefore, the distances prescribed shall not be lessened if

the quantity to be stored is less than the maximum quantity specified

by the appropriate table. Use Appendices H through K to this subpart

for determining quantity/distance for Hazard Division 1.2.

Sec. 184.56 Hazard Division 1.3--mass fire.

Items in this division burn vigorously with little chance of being

extinguished in storage. Explosions shall normally be confined to

pressure ruptures of containers and shall not produce propagating shock

waves or damaging blast overpressure beyond the magazine distance

specified in Appendix L to this subpart. A severe hazard of the spread

of fire may result from burning container materials, propellant, or

other flaming debris being tossed about by the force of pressure

ruptures.

Sec. 184.57 Hazard Division 1.4--moderate fire, no blast.

Items in this division present a fire hazard with no blast hazard

and virtually no fragmentation hazard beyond the fire hazard clearance

ordinarily specified for high risk materials. Separate facilities for

storage and handling of this division should not be less than 100 feet

from other facilities, except those of fire-resistive construction,

which may be 50 feet from each other. The Q/D's for Hazard Division

1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 or 1.6 individually or in combination are not

affected by the presence of Hazard Division 1.4. Use Appendix M to this

subpart for determining quantity/distance of Hazard Division 1.4

material.

Sec. 184.58 Hazard Divisons 1.5 and 1.6.

(a) This section describes Q/D standards for EIDS (substances)

which are hazard classified 1.5, as well as ammunition items loaded

with EIDS which are hazard classified 1.6. Refer to Appendix N to this

subpart.

(b) Substances (1.5) and items (1.6) in these divisions are

designed to have a very low probability of detonating under normal

storage and handling conditions. In order to be so classified, these

A&E shall meet stringent tests prescribed in TB 700-2.

ammunition shall be based on the storage location and configuration.

This information is detailed in Appendix O to this subpart and

footnotes thereto. A maximum of 500,000 NEW shall be permitted at any

one location. Any special storage configuration and siting approved for

Hazard Division 1.1 ammunition or explosives may be used for storage of

like explosive weights of Hazard Division 1.6 ammunition.

(d) Blasting agents designated as Hazard Division 1.5 for

transportation are considered to be Hazard Division 1.1 for Q/D

purposes (storage).

(e) When Hazard Division 1.6 is located with Hazard Division 1.1 or

1.5, Hazard Division 1.6 is considered Hazard Division 1.1 for Q/D

purposes. When Hazard Division 1.6 is located with Hazard Division 1.2,

Hazard Division 1.6 is considered Hazard Division 1.2 for Q/D purposes.

(f) When Hazard Division 1.6 is located with Hazard Division 1.3,

add the explosives weight of the Hazard Division 1.6 to the weight of

Hazard Division 1.3 and consider as Hazard Division 1.3 for Q/D

purposes.

Sec. 184.59 Airfields.

(a) These provisions do not apply to explosives items installed on

aircraft or contained in survival and rescue kits such as signals,

flares, egress systems components, squibs and detonators for

jettisoning external stores, engine starter cartridges, fire

extinguisher cartridges, destructors in electronic equipment,

explosives components of emergency kits and equipment, and other such

items or materials necessary for safe flight operations.

(b) These Q/D requirements shall be applied:

(1) To any airfield at which A&E are handled or stored.

(2) In conjunction with airfield clearance criteria as prescribed

by DoD Components and 14 CFR part 77. Airfields, heliports, and

seadromes not used exclusively by DoD Components, combat aircraft

parking areas, ammunition and explosives cargo areas, alert hangars,

and shelters shall be located as prescribed in Appendix P to this

subpart.

(3) In separating ammunition and explosives facilities from

inhabited buildings, public traffic routes, and other ammunition and

explosives facilities, in accordance with Subparts D and F of this

part.

subpart, distances shall be measured as follows:

(1) Loaded aircraft to loaded aircraft. Measure the distance from

explosives on one aircraft to explosives on adjacent aircraft.

(2) Ammunition and explosives location to taxiways and runways.

Measure from the nearest point of the A&E location to the nearest point

of the taxiway and to the centerline of the runway.

(d) Separation distances between the following areas and from these

areas to other targets shall be determined by applying Appendix Q to

this subpart:

(1) A&E cargo areas.

(2) A&E storage facilities.

(3) A&E operating facilities.

(e) A&E shall be prohibited under approach/departure zones of fixed

and rotary wing aircraft landing facilities. The approach/departure

zones for aircraft (surfaces or areas) are described in detail in

airfield and airspace criteria directives of the DoD Components. In

general, approach/departure zones begin near the end of a runway or

landing area and extend outward to a given distance along, and

symmetrically on each side of, the extended runway centerline or the

aircraft approach axis of a heliport. Such zones flare uniformly from

the landing area outward to a prescribed limit.

Sec. 184.60 Pier and wharf facilities.

(a) Applicability and scope. This section applies to piers and

wharfs and associated facilities at which ammunition and explosives may

be handled, or be present in ships' holds or service conveyances. Its

provisions do not apply to ammunition or explosives stored in ships'

magazines and intended for the service of shipboard armament or

aircraft. However, they do apply to loading, off-loading, stowing, and

shifting of such ammunition and explosives. Q/D's herein are for Hazard

Division 1.1. Effects of an explosion to be expected when these Q/D's

are applied are described in Subpart D of this part. If only ammunition

and explosives of other class/division are involved the Q/D's for such

hazards shall be applied as appropriate.

(b) Determination of quantity of explosives in a ship. (1) On board

ship, the various types of ammunition and explosives are stored

relatively close to each other, and a detonation in the HE part of the

cargo may receive considerable support from items that are considered

normally to be only fragment or fire hazards; therefore, the total

quantity of explosives on board a ship shall be determined in

accordance with Subpart D of this part.

(2) When ship units are separated by 11W1/3 distances or

greater, Q/D shall be based individually on the quantity of each ship

unit. Lesser separation distances require that the explosives in both

ship units be totalled for Q/D purposes.

Measurement of separation distances between ships shall be from the

nearest point of one unit to the nearest point of the other. Movement

of cars passing through the clear space is considered as an operations

risk. It will generally be impracticable to separate berths at a single

pier by enough distance to prevent mass detonation of ships containing

complete cargoes of Hazard Division 1.1 ammunition. To the extent

operationally feasible, therefore, scheduling shall be such as to

reduce the number of such exposures and total time that they are

required.

(2) Piers. The separation distances between piers shall be measured

from the nearest point of the ship unit at one pier to the nearest

point of the ship unit under consideration at the other pier.

(3) Anchorages. Measurements from anchorages generally shall be

from the boundary of the area designated for the scuttling site or the

explosives anchorage. In the case of the explosives anchorage, the

separation distance to outside targets shall depend upon whether:

(i) The ship units that are loading or unloading within the

explosives anchorage are separated properly, taking into consideration

location and the amount of explosives in each ship unit. The ship unit

equivalent for an explosives anchorage is a circle, the radius of which

is the distance from the mooring buoy or the ship's anchor to the stern

of the ship or of the ammunition lighters alongside when riding to the

full scope of the chain. To maintain proper separation distance between

loading or unloading ship units in the explosives anchorage, the ships

shall moor or anchor so that at no time will they have a separation

distance less than 11W1/3 if quanities are not to be totalled.

(ii) The ships being loaded or unloaded at one area are separated

properly from the loaded ships in another area and whether the loaded

ships within the loaded ship area are separated properly from each

other. If the latter conditions do not apply, the quantity for entering

the table shall be the total quantity rather than the unit quantity.

(4) Dolphins or interrupted quays. Measurement of separation

distance between ships moored to dolphins or interrupted quays shall be

from the nearest point of one unit to the nearest point of the other.

(5) Fixed targets. The measurement of separation distance from

moored ships to fixed targets on land shall be from the nearest

boundary of the ship or barge unit to the nearest fixed target.

(d) Siting criteria and application of Q/D separation

requirements--(1) Scuttling site. (i) A properly located scuttling site

shall be provided, if practicable, for positioning a ship for its

flooding or sinking in the event a vessel catches fire and shall be

moved to avert damage to other ships or piers. It shall have sufficient

sea room and depth of water to permit the sinking of the largest vessel

that may be handled at the installation so that the holds will be

flooded completely at low water.

(ii) Since an explosion may occur while the vessel is being moved,

the location of the scuttling site shall provide the best available

protection to other ships, piers, and shore installations.

(iii) The location of the scuttling site will depend on the

greatest net quantity of mass-detonating explosives that may be in a

single ship at any one time. The Q/D tables to be used will depend on

the particular types of targets.

(2) Explosives anchorage. The location of an explosives anchorage

shall be separated not only from the main ship channel or from normally

traversed routes of ships entering or leaving the harbor by column 8,

Appendix A to this subpart distances but also by turning circles and

stopping distances of the ships. Assuming that the diameter of the

turning circle of a ship is 1,000 yards, an explosives anchorage shall

be located so that a ship in the channel with a jammed rudder will

clear an anchored explosives-laden ship. From the turning circle

standpoint, the separation distances shall be not less than 3,000 feet.

(i) Separation of ships at explosives anchorages. (A) When

explosives anchorages are used for loading and unloading ships, as well

as for fully loaded vessels anchored at their berths, ships that are

being loaded or unloaded shall be separated from fully loaded ships.

(B) When the explosives anchorage is used only for loading and

unloading ships, to prevent mass detonation, ships in the explosives

anchorage shall be separated by at least 11W1/3 distances.

Whenever posssible, these distances shall be increased to 18W1/3

to reduce the loss potential of any incident.

18W1/3 distances.

(ii) Separation of explosives anchorages from other targets.

Explosives shall be from anchorages separated explosives piers by 40

W1/3 distances except when the anchorage is used only for the

loading or unloading of vessels. In such cases, 18W1/3 may be

used.

(3) Separation distances of ship units in tandem at the sam pier.

(i) Since the second ship would be in an area of heavy fragment density

from the exploding ship, it could be set afire and later caused to

mass-detonate. A direct hit by a steel fragment on ammunition alongside

the ship or in an open hold could also cause a mass detonation. The

separation distances based on blast damage alone accordingly are not

enough to take care of such fragment hazards. Berthing of the two ships

in tandem will help to decrease the fragment hazard to the explosives

cargo of the second ship because of the additional protection afforded

by the bow or stern.

(ii) When two ships cannot be separated by 11W1/3 distances

and are being loaded through all hatches, the spotting of cars and the

loading of hatches in both ships should be planned so as to put the

greatest possible distance between open hatches of both ships, and

between the trucks and freight cars serving the two ships. When

possible, the loading of the ships should be staggered.

(4) Separation of explosives ships from other ships. Explosives

ships being loaded or unloaded shall be separated from nonexplosives-

carrying ships and from loaded explosives ships that are not underway

by 40W1/3 distances. Column 8, Appendix A to this subpart

distances shall be used for protection of ships that are underway.

(5) Occasional watercraft passing through Q/D arcs are not subject

to Q/D requirements.

(e) Quantity/distance tables. Appendix R to this subpart shall be

used in applying Appendix S to this subpart, Q/D. Appendix A to this

subpart, Q/D shall be maintained between explosives pier and wharf

facilities and such ES's as administration and industrial areas,

terminal boundary, main ship channel, and public traffic routes. As ES,

ship or barge units shall be separated from explosives operating and

storage facilities (including holding yards) by Column 5, Appendix A to

this subpart, distances. As PES, ship or barge units shall be separated

from explosives operating facilities by Column 5, Appendix A to this

subpart, distances, and from explosives storage facilities by Column 2,

Appendix S to this subpart (barricaded) and Column 3 (unbarricaded),

distances, as appropriate.

Appendix A to Subpart F of Part 184.--Hazard Division 1.1--Inhabited Building Distance and Public Traffic Route

Distances

Net explosive weight Distance in feet to inhabited Distance in feet to public traffic

----------------------------------- building from route from

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Standard earth-covered Standard earth-covered

magazine magazine

Over Not over -------------------------- Other PES -------------------------- Other PES

Front or Front or

side Rear side Rear

Col 1 Col 2 Col 3 Col 4 Col 5 Col 6 Col 7 Col 8

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0.................... 1 35 25 40 21 15 24

1.................... 2 44 32 50 26 19 30

2.................... 5 60 43 69 36 26 40

5.................... 10 75 54 87 45 32 52

10................... 20 95 68 110 57 41 65

20................... 30 110 78 125 65 47 75

30................... 40 120 86 140 72 51 83

40................... 50 130 92 150 77 55 89

50................... 100 160 115 190 97 70 115

100.................. 200 205 145 235 125 88 140

200.................. 300 235 165 270 140 100 160

300.................. 400 260 185 295 155 110 175

400.................. 500 280 200 320 165 120 190

500.................. 600 295 210 340 175 125 205

600.................. 700 310 220 355 185 135 215

700.................. 800 325 230 375 195 140 225

800.................. 900 340 240 390 205 145 235

900.................. 1,000 350 250 400 210 150 240

1,000................ 1,500 400 285 460 240 170 275

1,500................ 2,000 440 315 505 265 190 305

2,000................ 3,000 505 360 580 305 215 350

3,000................ 4,000 555 395 635 335 240 380

4,000................ 5,000 600 430 685 360 255 410

5,000................ 6,000 635 455 730 380 275 440

6,000................ 7,000 670 480 770 400 285 460

7,000................ 8,000 700 500 800 420 300 480

8,000................ 9,000 730 520 835 435 310 500

9,000................ 10,000 755 540 865 450 325 520

10,000............... 15,000 865 615 990 520 370 595

15,000............... 20,000 950 680 1,090 570 405 655

20,000............... 25,000 1,025 730 1,170 615 440 700

25,000............... 30,000 1,085 775 1,250 650 465 745

30,000............... 35,000 1,145 820 1,310 685 490 785

35,000............... 40,000 1,195 855 1,370 720 515 820

40,000............... 45,000 1,245 890 1,425 745 535 855

45,000............... 50,000 1,290 920 1,475 775 555 885

50,000............... 55,000 1,330 950 1,520 800 570 910

55,000............... 60,000 1,370 980 1,565 820 585 940

60,000............... 65,000 1,405 1,005 1,610 845 605 965

65,000............... 70,000 1,440 1,030 1,650 865 620 990

70,000............... 75,000 1,475 1,055 1,685 885 635 1,010

75,000............... 80,000 1,510 1,075 1,725 905 645 1,035

80,000............... 85,000 1,540 1,100 1,760 925 660 1,055

85,000............... 90,000 1,570 1,120 1,795 940 670 1,075

90,000............... 95,000 1,595 1,140 1,825 960 685 1,095

95,000............... 100,000 1,625 1,160 1,855 975 695 1,115

100,000.............. 110,000 1,740 1,290 1,960 1,045 770 1,175

110,000.............. 120,000 1,855 1,415 2,065 1,110 850 1,240

120,000.............. 125,000 1,910 1,480 2,115 1,145 890 1,270

125,000.............. 130,000 1,965 1,545 2,165 1,180 925 1,300

130,000.............. 140,000 2,070 1,675 2,255 1,245 1,005 1,355

140,000.............. 150,000 2,175 1,805 2,350 1,305 1,085 1,410

150,000.............. 160,000 2,280 1,935 2,435 1,370 1,160 1,460

160,000.............. 170,000 2,385 2,070 2,520 1,430 1,280 1,540

170,000.............. 175,000 2,435 2,135 2,565 1,460 1,280 1,540

175,000.............. 180,000 2,485 2,200 2,605 1,490 1,320 1,565

180,000.............. 190,000 2,585 2,335 2,690 1,550 1,400 1,615

190,000.............. 200,000 2,680 2,470 2,770 1,610 1,480 1,660

200,000.............. 225,000 2,920 2,810 2,965 1,750 1,685 1,780

225,000.............. 250,000 3,150 3,150 3,150 1,890 1,890 1,890

250,000.............. 275,000 3,250 3,250 3,250 1,950 1,950 1,950

275,000.............. 300,000 3,345 3,345 3,345 2,005 2,005 2,005

300,000.............. 325,000 3,440 3,440 3,440 2,065 2,065 2,065

325,000.............. 350,000 3,525 3,525 3,525 2,115 2,115 2,115

350,000.............. 375,000 3,605 3,605 3,605 2,165 2,165 2,165

375,000.............. 400,000 3,685 3,685 3,685 2,210 2,210 2,210

400,000.............. 425,000 3,760 3,760 3,760 2,250 2,250 2,250

425,000.............. 450,000 3,830 3,830 3,830 2,300 2,300 2,300

450,000.............. 475,000 3,900 3,900 3,900 2,340 2,340 2,340

475,000.............. 500,000 3,970 3,970 3,970 2,380 2,380 2,380

Notes:

1.Distances are computed using the following factors:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NEW Col 3 Col 4 Col 5 Col 6 Col 7 Col 8

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 to 100,000................................ 351/3 25W1/3 40W1/3 21W1/3 15W1/3 24W1/3

100,000 to 250,000.......................... .3955W 7227 .004125W 1.0898 2.42W 577 .2375W 7227 .002475W 1.0898 1.452W .577

250,000 to 15,000,000....................... 50W1/3 50W1/3 50W1/3 30W1/3 30W1/3 30W1/3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.The policy contained in Sec. 184.52(g), shall be employed for mass-detonating, fragment-producing ite

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