Amendments to Regulations Under the Federal Seed Act

Federal RegisterDec 14, 1994

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SUMMARY: The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is revising the

Federal Seed Act (FSA) regulations by changing the common and botanical

names of several agricultural and vegetable seeds; adding several kinds

to the list of agricultural and vegetables seeds subject to the FSA;

changing germination evaluation descriptions; changing the method of

fluorescence use in determining pure seed percentages in ryegrasses;

adding methods for testing coated seed; adding methods for determining

the presence of fungal endophyte in seeds; and updating the standards

for certified seed. These changes will result in the adoption of

scientific names currently recognized by the scientific community and

provide for the use of common names most widely acceptable in seed

trade. They will also eliminate potential conflicts between State and

Federal regulations which could inhibit the interstate movement of

seeds.

EFFECTIVE DATE: January 13, 1995.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For further information contact James

P. Triplitt, Chief, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Livestock and

Seed Division, AMS, USDA, Building 506, BARC-E, Beltsville, Maryland

20705, telephone 301-504-9430.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This rule has been determined to be not-

significant for purposes of Executive Order 12866 and therefore has not

been reviewed by OMB.

This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12778,

Civil Justice Reform. It is not intended to have a retroactive effect.

The rule will not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or

policies unless they present an irreconcilable conflict with this rule.

There are no administrative procedures which must be exhausted prior to

judicial challenge to the provision of this rule.

The Administrator, AMS, has certified that this action will not

have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities as

defined in the Regulatory Flexibility Act. Many small entities sell

seed. However, small entities selling seed must test and label the seed

to comply with the requirements of state laws. Generally the testing

requirements of the state laws are similar to those of the FSA. These

changes will further reconcile State and Federal testing procedures.

Using similar testing procedures will reduce the burden on small

entities shipping seed in interstate commerce because the test used for

intrastate commerce can also be used in interstate commerce. Some

additional burden might occur concerning small entities shipping kinds

which are added to those subject to the FSA. However, many small

entities are likely to benefit because more small entities are

purchasers of those kinds than sellers. The small entity purchasers

will benefit from the regulations in that the interstate shipper would

be required to test and label the kinds before shipping them to the

purchaser. There will be no effect on the competitive position of small

entities in relation to larger entities since both will have to comply

with the same regulations.

Background

Seed Testing and Labeling

This document updates the FSA regulations pertaining to seed

testing to eliminate differences between the FSA regulations and the

Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Testing Seed.

The Association is made up of State and Federal seed testing agencies.

Its function is to develop and standardize methods to be used in

testing seeds. These rules are widely recognized and are used by most

state and commercial seed laboratories to test seed in the United

States. In addition, common and scientific names are updated.

Agricultural and vegetable seeds shipped in interstate commerce

must comply with the FSA and the regulations issued thereunder. The FSA

requires seed to be labeled with certain information concerning its

quality when moving across state lines. Once in a state, seed must

comply with state laws and regulations. Labeling requirements in State

and Federal laws are generally very similar so as not to inhibit the

free movement of seed. Tests used prior to shipment to determine the

required labeling information, as well as tests used by state seed

regulatory agencies to check compliance, are generally performed using

AOSA rules. Tests to assure that seed is in compliance with the FSA are

performed using methods specified in the FSA regulations. Although the

testing methods under the FSA regulations and those of AOSA are

generally very similar, some changes have been made in the AOSA Rules

For Testing Seed without corresponding changes in the FSA regulations.

The changes to the AOSA rules were based on scientific research and

were made with input from AMS. This document amends the FSA seed

testing regulations so that they are essentially the same as those

contained in the AOSA rules. This will eliminate the need to perform

separate tests to assure that seed labeling complies with both Federal

and State laws. It also facilitates seed trade and reduces cost to the

seed industry and to seed buyers. These changes reflect improvements in

seed testing technology and the current standards of usage within the

industry. The specific changes to the testing rules are discussed under

``Other Amendments.''

Additional Kinds

There are presently about a dozen kinds (mostly grasses) which are

being shipped interstate that are not subject to the FSA. Cooperating

state seed regulatory agencies have requested that the list of kinds

subject to the FSA be kept current so that interstate shipments of

those kinds can be regulated. Occasionally complaints are received on

these kinds. For that reason these kinds are being added to the

regulations under the FSA making them subject to Federal law.

Bluejoint, galletagrass, bottlebrush-squirreltail, green needlegrass,

kenaf, forage kochia, mountain rye, intermediate ryegrass, northern

sweetvetch, and basin wildrye are added to the list of agricultural

seeds subject to the FSA. Dill, sage, and summer savory are added to

the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA. Standardized test

methods have been developed for the kinds to be added and they are

currently covered by AOSA rules and are being regulated by the states.

Therefore, this addition will result in little cost to the seed

industry. Being subject to the FSA will require that the seed is

labeled when shipped in interstate commerce.

Scientific Names

Changes to Sec. 201.2 update scientific names for the agricultural

seeds colonial bentgrass, glaucantha bluegrass, Nevada bluegrass, sand

bluestem, carpetgrass, soft chess, emmer, hard fescue, kudzu, Korean

lespedeza, striate lespedeza, Japanese millet, pearl millet, bird rape,

turnip rape, rescuegrass, smilo, sorghum-sudangrass, sudangrass, turf

timothy, velvetbean, beardless wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass,

pubescent wheatgrass, Siberian wheatgrass, slender wheatgrass,

streambank wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, and Russian

wildrye. The scientific names for the vegetable seeds artichoke,

Chinese cabbage, tronchuda cabbage, water cress, leek, pak-choi, and

rhubarb are also be updated. The document changes the scientific names

to those currently recognized by the scientific community and to be in

agreement with the names used by the USDA Germplasm Resources

Information Network (GRIN).

At the request of growers, researchers, and breeders the document

changes the kind name ``muskmelon'' to ``melon,'' because ``melon'' is

the more widely recognized name.

Seed Certification Standards

The rule also updates the FSA regulations pertaining to seed

certification to eliminate differences with the standards of the

Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA). This

Association is made up primarily of State seed certifying agencies. The

function of AOSCA is to establish minimum standards for genetic purity

and to standardize seed certification regulations and procedures. State

seed certifying agencies recognize and follow minimum standards for

genetic purity established by AOSCA.

Seed represented as a class of certified seed, as defined in the

FSA regulations, must meet the minimum genetic certification standards

for certified classes as provided by the regulations. State seed

certifying agencies which certify seed pursuant to the standards

contained in the FSA regulations are members of AOSCA and must also

maintain minimum AOSCA standards for certifying seed. This document

changes the FSA regulations pertaining to genetic certification

standards in order to bring them in conformity with the AOSCA

standards. The changes to the standards have been reviewed and found to

be consistent with the requirements under the FSA.

Corrections and Clarifications

There are a number of technical nonsubstantive corrections and

clarifications which will also be made. Some of the more important ones

change ``Consumer and Marketing Service'' to ``Agricultural Marketing

Service'' and omit the word ``hybrid'' from the name ``sorghum-

sudangrass.'' In Sec. 201.36b the word ``pole'' will be enclosed in

parentheses. In Sec. 201.36c the word ``garden'' is added to bean to

show the correct kind name. Section 201.34(d) is changed to add a

footnote to reflect the effective date which was previously omitted.

Paragraph (e) of this section is removed to delete partial lists of

variety names.

Other Amendments

Changes to Sec. 201.2 redefine the Act to include 7 U.S.C 1551-

1611, update scientific names, and add additional kinds as discussed

above. Changes also add a definition of coated seed and change the

definition of certified seed to show the proper reference, Sec. 201.70,

rather than Sec. 201.79 which does not exist. Section 201.22(c) is

changed to remove scientific names. Section 201.31 is changed to

establish germination standards for dill, sage, and summer savory which

were added to the list of vegetable seeds subject to the FSA in

201.2(i) and to reflect the change of the name ``muskmelon'' to

``melon.''

Section 201.36c will be changed to separate and alphabetize

agricultural seeds and vegetable seeds in the table and to change

``bean'' in the vegetable list to ``garden bean,'' the name recognized

in Sec. 201.2(i). Section 201.43 is changed to add metric equivalent

weights and to specify the minimum number of coated seeds to be taken

during sampling.

Section 201.46(b) is changed to substitute the word ``comprise''

for the incorrect word ``compromise.'' Table 1 will be changed to

reflect the changes in Sec. 201.2. Scientific names are removed and

working weights added for those kinds added in that section. In

addition, several spelling errors are corrected.

The document changes several sections to add provisions for testing

coated seed. Specific procedures have been developed to provide for

uniform methods to test seed coated with products such as those

designed to improve planting characteristics or to improve seedling

growth. Section 201.2 adds a definition of coated seed. Section 201.45

adds comments pertaining to dividing coated seed. Section 201.47 cites

added instructions for purity analysis of coated seed. Section 201.51b

establishes purity testing procedures for coated seed. Section 201.52

is changed to add a new paragraph (b) to establish the amount of seed

to be examined for a noxious-weed seed test on coated seed. The

existing Sec. 201.52 becomes paragraph (a).

Section 201.47a is also changed to clarify that the ``entire

spikelet'' for rice, browntop millet, and Paspalum spp. is considered

to be a seed unit; to define a seed unit for galletagrass (a new kind

which was added in Sec. 201.2); to include side-oats grama and blue

grama, as kinds for which the Uniform Blowing Procedure is used to

determine the percentages of pure seed and inert matter; and to clarify

that fruits with accessory structures of other Chenopodiaceae (fourwing

saltbush and forage kochia) are to be considered a seed unit.

Section 201.48 is changed to update seed unit interpretations to be

consistent with Sec. 201.51, to remove scientific names, and to add

procedures to determine pure seed of forage kochia which was added to

the kinds subject to the FSA.

Section 201.48, Sec. 201.49, and Sec. 201.51a are changed, in part,

to add tall wheatgrass and western wheatgrass to the list of kinds to

be tested using the Multiple Unit Procedure. These kinds contain

multiple florets. The Multiple Unit Procedure provides faster, more

consistent test results without a loss of accuracy when compared to the

current, more tedious, hand method.

Several sections, including some of the changes to Sec. 201.47,

Sec. 201.48, Sec. 201.49, and Sec. 201.51a add blue grama and side-oats

grama to the kinds for which the purity percentages are determined by

using the Uniform Blowing Procedure. The Uniform Blowing Procedure

provides a method, for determining purity percentages for these kinds,

which has proven to be faster, more consistent, and just as accurate as

the hand method.

Section 201.50 is changed to clarify that wild onion and wild

garlic bulblets devoid of husks are to be classified as weed seeds if

not damaged at the basal end and are a specified size. Research has

shown that these seeds would likely germinate.

Section 201.51 will update seed units that are considered to be

inert matter, to include classification of certain seed units of newly

added kinds, forage kochia and northern sweetvetch, as well as coating

material.

Sections 201.56 through 201.56-12 are changed to establish new

procedures for describing abnormal seedlings of each seed group for use

in determining germination percentages and to eliminate references to

outdated photographs. Seedling descriptions which had been developed

over many years are being completely revised so that consistent,

current terminology is used to describe abnormal seedlings for all

kinds. The changes are designed to make the seedling descriptions more

easily interpreted so that more consistent, accurate test results will

be achieved. The changes will not result in significant differences in

the percentages of germination found when compared to tests made under

the current regulations.

Section 201.57a is changed to remove and to add new kinds,

bottlebrush-squirreltail, basin wildrye, galletagrass, mountain rye,

johnsongrass, and forage kochia to the kinds having dormant seed.

Section 201.58 is changed to clarify the definition of ``prechill''

applicable to Table 2, to make editorial changes in special procedures

for alyceclover, bahiagrass, beet, and garden bean, and to add special

procedures for green needlegrass. Changes incorporate more specific

information on the type of light to be used for ryegrass fluorescence

tests, add germination procedures for coated seed, and correct common

and remove scientific names in the section including Table 2.

Germination test procedures for those kinds added in Secs. 201.2(h) and

201.2(i) are added and references to outdated photographs of seedlings

removed. The changes in testing procedures incorporate into the

regulations the latest research on testing these kinds.

Section 201.58a is changed to revise the use of the fluorescence

test for determining the percentages of pure seed and other crop seed

of annual ryegrass and perennial ryegrass. The changes incorporate

methods agreed on by AOSA, AASCO, the grass seed industry, and AMS. The

procedure for determining the percentage of yellow sweetclover in white

sweetclover is changed from a mottled seed test to a chemical test

because the chemical test provides a more accurate, consistent result.

Procedures for the phenol test for wheat, previously cited in AOSA

Handbook Number 28, are being added and the reference to AOSA Handbook

Number 28 is being removed so that all information will be contained in

the regulations removing the need to have a copy of AOSA Handbook

Number 28. Procedures for conducting a peroxidase test for varietal

purity of soybean and fluorescence test procedures for determining

varietal purity of oat are added. These procedures have been in use for

many years and have proven to be accurate, reliable, and consistent.

These tests are essential to check the accuracy of variety

representations.

Section 201.58d adds established testing procedures for determining

the percentage of fungal endophyte in seed and plant material growing

therefrom to the regulations. Some grass seed is being labeled to

indicate the presence or absence of fungal endophyte. Uniform testing

procedures have been developed for determining the amount of fungal

endophyte present.

Changes to Sec. 201.60 will to remove scientific names, add

ryegrasses and galletagrass to the list of chaffy kinds, and make

editorial changes.

Changes to Sec. 201.61 and Sec. 201.62 correct typographical errors

in the tolerance table.

A change to Sec. 201.76 provides for the certification agency to

grant a variance in the land cropping history in specific circumstances

where cultural practices have been proven adequate to maintain genetic

purity. Generally this change would allow for the agency to modify the

number of years the field must have been free of potential contaminants

before being planted to a crop under certification. Section 201.76 is

also changed to update Table 5 and the footnotes to Table 5 to include

metric equivalents, to update names to be consistent with Sec. 201.2,

and to make editorial changes and corrections. Standards for chemically

assisted hybrid barley, buckwheat, and chemically assisted hybrid wheat

are added. Field standards for classes of mung bean are changed and a

field standard for hybrid corn added. In addition footnotes are added

corresponding to those changes in the table.

Summary of Public Comment

A notice of proposed rulemaking was published in the Federal

Washington, DC on June 8, 1994. At that time interested parties were

given an opportunity to present views concerning the proposal. No one

commented at the hearing. Interested parties were invited to submit

written comments until July 8, 1994. Fourteen written comments were

received.

Five comments supported the proposal. One comment supported the

change providing for ``melon'' as a common name for Cucumis melo. One

comment supported the proposal with exception of changes in

fluorescence calculations for ryegrasses. Three comments supported the

changes in the fluorescence calculations for ryegrasses. Three comments

recommended that the word ``weak'' not be used to describe abnormal

lettuce seedlings. One comment suggested different scientific and/or

common names for several kinds.

The provision on the use of the fluorescence test is being adopted

because there were seven comments supporting the proposal including

four which specifically mentioned support of the fluorescence proposal.

Only one comment opposed that provision. Also, failure to adopt the

fluorescence proposal would cause a conflict between Federal and State

regulations which could inhibit the interstate movement of ryegrass

seed.

As suggested by the three comments, the word ``weak'' was removed

from the description of abnormal lettuce seedlings.

The comment on scientific and common names made several

recommendations. The commenter suggested that in addition to smooth

brome the common name ``bieberstein brome'' be included for Bromus

biebersteinii because that name was cited in a reliable reference. No

other use of that name has been found and we have no indication that

any seed is being marketed under the name ``bieberstein brome.'' To

avoid potential confusion the name ``bieberstein brome'' was not added.

The comment indicated that GRIN now shows the scientific name ``Festuca

brevipila'' for hard fescue in lieu of Festuca trachphylla. The

scientific name for hard fescue was changed to ``Festuca brevipila'' as

recommended. ``Bluebunch wheatgrass'' was recommended as a synonym for

``beardless wheatgrass'' because the two have the same scientific name.

``Thickspike wheatgrass'' was recommended as a synonym for ``streambank

wheatgrass'' because they have the same scientific name. Although these

kinds have the same scientific name they differ in several

characteristics. Because these crops are currently being marketed as

separate kinds, the recommendation was not incorporated into the final

rule. The comment noted that GRIN shows the common name ``husk tomato''

for Physalis philadelphia and the common name ``downy groundcherry''

for P. pubescens. P. pubescens has been marketed for many years as

``husk tomato.'' To change the common name to ``downy groundcherry,'' a

name which is not used in marketing the kind, would lead to confusion.

Therefore, the common name ``husk tomato'' was retained for P.

pubescens.

In reviewing the common and scientific names as a result of the

comment, several additional changes were found in the GRIN since the

original proposal was drafted. Therefore, the following changes in

scientific names are also included in this rule.

The scientific names of the following agricultural seeds were

changed in Sec. 201.2(h): Glaucantha bluegrass; Nevada bluegrass; sand

bluestem; carpetgrass; bird rape; turnip rape; mountain rye; smilo;

beardless wheatgrass; pubescent wheatgrass; streambank wheatgrass; and

western wheatgrass.

The scientific names of the following vegetable seeds were changed

in Sec. 201.2(i): Artichokes; Chinese cabbage; water cress; and pak-

choi.

In reviewing the use of scientific names in the regulations, the

various tables were easier to use with less information. Therefore,

most scientific names are being removed from the tables and text of the

regulations. Scientific names of all kinds subject to the FSA including

all kinds in the tables are shown along with the common name in

Sec. 201.2. The common and scientific names of agricultural seeds are

listed in Sec. 201.2(h) and vegetable seeds listed in Sec. 201.2(i).

Only scientific names of the kinds shown in Sec. 201.2 are removed from

other sections of this document.

This document does not contain new collection of information

requirements. Sections amended by the rule contain collection of

information requirements that were previously submitted for review to

the Director of Management and Budget (OMB) and assigned OMB control

number 0581-0026 under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C.

3501 et seq.).

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 201

Advertising, Agricultural commodities, Imports, Labeling, Reporting

and recordkeeping requirements, Seeds, Vegetables.

For reason set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR Part 201 is amended as

follows:

PART 201--FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATION

1. The authority citation for part 201 is revised to read as

follows:

Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1592.

2. In Sec. 201.2, paragraphs (a), (h), (i), and (ee) are revised

and paragraph (q) is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.2 Terms defined.

* * * * *

(a) The Act. The term ``Act'' means the FSA approved August 9, 1939

(53 Stat. 1275; 7 U.S.C. 1551-1611 as amended);

* * * * *

(h) Agricultural seeds. The term ``agricultural seeds'' means the

following kinds of grass, forage, and field crop seeds, that are used

for seeding purposes in the United States:

Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum Ciferri and Giacom.

Alfalfa--Medicago sativa L.

Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her.

Alyceclover--Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.

Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum Fluegge

Barley--Hordeum vulgare L.

Barrelclover--Medicago truncatula Gaertn.

Bean, adzuki--Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi

Bean, field--Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Bean, mung--Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Beet, field--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris

Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris

Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.

Bentgrass, colonial--Agrostis capillaris L.

Bentgrass, creeping--Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.)

Farw.

Bentgrass, velvet--Agrostis canina L.

Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon

Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. Aridus Harlan

and de Wet

Bluegrass, annual--Poa annua L.

Bluegrass, bulbous--Poa bulbosa L.

Bluegrass, Canada--Poa compressa L.

Bluegrass, glaucantha--Poa glauca Vahl

Bluegrass, Kentucky--Poa pratensis L.

Bluegrass, Nevada--Poa secunda J.S. Presl

Bluegrass, rough--Poa trivialis L.

Bluegrass, Texas--Poa arachnifera Torr.

Bluegrass, wood--Poa nemoralis L.

Bluejoint--Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv.

Bluestem, big--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. gerardii

Bluestem, little--Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash

Bluestem, sand--Andropogon hallii Hack.

Bluestem, yellow--Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.

Bottlebrush-squirreltail--Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey

Brome, field--Bromus arvensis L.

Brome, meadow--Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.

Brome, mountain--Bromus marginatus Steud.

Brome, smooth--Bromus inermis Leyss.

Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

Buffalograss--Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.

Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris L.

Burclover, California--Medicago polymorpha L.

Burclover, spotted--Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.

Burnet, little--Sanguisorba minor Scop.

Buttonclover--Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.

Canarygrass--Phalaris canariensis L.

Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris arundinacea L.

Carpetgrass--Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm.

Castorbean--Ricinus communis L.

Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus L.

Chickpea--Cicer arietinum L.

Clover, alsike--Trifolium hybridum L.

Clover, arrowleaf--Trifolium vesiculosum Savi

Clover, berseem--Trifolium alexandrinum L.

Clover, cluster--Trifolium glomeratum L.

Clover, crimson--Trifolium incarnatum L.

Clover, Kenya--Trifolium semipilosum Fresen.

Clover, ladino--Trifolium repens L.

Clover, lappa--Trifolium lappaceum L.

Clover, large hop--Trifolium campestre Schreb.

Clover, Persian--Trifolium resupinatum L.

Clover, red or

Red clover, mammoth--Trifolium pratense L.

Red clover, medium--Trifolium pratense L.

Clover, rose--Trifolium hirtum All.

Clover, small hop or suckling--Trifolium dubium Sibth.

Clover, strawberry--Trifolium fragiferum L.

Clover, sub or subterranean--Trifolium subterraneum L.

Clover, white--Trifolium repens L. (also see Clover, ladino)

Clover--(also see Alyceclover, Burclover, Buttonclover, Sourclover,

Sweetclover)

Corn, field--Zea mays L.

Corn, pop--Zea mays L.

Cotton--Gossypium spp.

Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata

Crambe--Crambe abyssinica R.E. Fries

Crested dogtail--Cynosurus cristatus L.

Crotalaria, lance--Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey.

Crotalaria, showy--Crotalaria spectabilis Roth

Crotalaria, slenderleaf--Crotalaria brevidens Benth. var. intermedia

(Kotschy) Polh.

Crotalaria, striped or smooth--Crotalaria pallida Ait.

Crotalaria, sunn--Crotalaria juncea L.

Crownvetch--Coronilla varia L.

Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum Poir.

Dichondra--Dichondra repens Forst. and Forst. f.

Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray

Emmer--Triticum dicoccon Schrank

Fescue, chewings--Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.

Fescue, hair--Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.

Fescue, hard--Festuca brevipila Tracey

Fescue, meadow--Festuca pratensis Huds.

Fescue, red--Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra

Fescue, sheep--Festuca ovina L. var. ovina

Fescue, tall--Festuca arundinacea Schreb.

Flax--Linum usitatissimum L.

Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.

Grama, blue--Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Steud.

Grama, side-oats--Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.

Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.

Guineagrass--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum

Hardinggrass--Phalaris stenoptera Hack.

Hemp--Cannabis sativa L.

Indiangrass, yellow--Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash

Indigo, hairy--Indigofera hirsuta L.

Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia japonica Steud.

Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Kochia, forage--Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.

Kudzu--Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen

and S. Almeida

Lentil--Lens culinaris Medik.

Lespedeza, Korean--Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino

Lespedeza, sericea or Chinese--Lespedeza cuneata

(Dum.-Cours.) G. Don

Lespedeza, Siberian--Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers.

Lespedeza, striate--Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindler

Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood

Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees

Lupine, blue--Lupinus angustifolius L.

Lupine, white--Lupinus albus L.

Lupine, yellow--Lupinus luteus L.

Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.

Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus pratensis L.

Medic, black--Medicago lupulina L.

Milkvetch or cicer milkvetch--Astragalus cicer L.

Millet, browntop--Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf

Millet, foxtail--Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.

Millet, Japanese--Echinochloa frumentacea Link

Millet, pearl--Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.

Millet, proso--Panicum miliaceum L.

Molassesgrass--Melinis minutiflora Beauv.

Mustard, black--Brassica nigra (L.) Koch

Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.

Mustard, white--Sinapis alba L.

Napiergrass--Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.

Needlegrass, green--Stipa viridula Trin.

Oat--Avena byzantina C. Koch, A. sativa L., A. nuda L.

Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.S. Presl and K.B. Presl

Orchardgrass--Dactylis glomerata L.

Panicgrass, blue--Panicum antidotale Retz.

Panicgrass, green--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Robyns

Pea, field--Pisum sativum L.

Peanut--Arachis hypogaea L.

Poa trivialis--(see Bluegrass, rough)

Rape, annual--Brassica napus L. var. annua Koch

Rape, bird--Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa

Rape, turnip--Brassica rapa L. subsp. silvestris (Lam.) Janchen

Rape, winter--Brassica napus L. var. biennis (Schubl. and Mart.)

Reichb.

Redtop--Agrostis gigantea Roth

Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus Vahl

Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana Kunth

Rice--Oryza sativa L.

Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.) Ricker

Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus L.

Rye--Secale cereale L.

Rye, mountain--Secale strictum (K.B. Presl) K.B. Presl subsp.

strictum

Ryegrass, annual or Italian--Lolium multiflorum Lam.

Ryegrass, intermediate--Lolium x hybridum Hausskn.

Ryegrass, perennial--Lolium perenne L.

Ryegrass, Wimmera--Lolium rigidum Gaud.

Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius L.

Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.

Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.

Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.

Sesame--Sesamum indicum L.

Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) A.W. Hill

Smilo--Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss

Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum L. Parodi

Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. and Chase

Sorgrass--Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross

or a johnsongrass x sudangrass cross

Southernpea--(See Cowpea)

Sourclover--Melilotus indicus (L.) All.

Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Spelt--Triticum spelta L.

Sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. and Chase

Sunflower--Helianthus annuus L.

Sweetclover, white--Melilotus albus Medik.

Sweetclover, yellow--Melilotus officinalis Lam.

Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum odoratum L.

Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum boreale Nutt.

Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum L.

Timothy--Phleum pratense L.

Timothy, turf--Phleum bertolonii DC.

Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum L.

Trefoil, big--Lotus uliginosus Schk.

Trefoil, birdsfoot--Lotus corniculatus L.

Triticale--x Triticosecale Wittm. (Secale x Triticum)

Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei Steud.

Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina J.E. Smith

Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wight) Burck

Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus L.

Vetch, common--Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa

Vetch, hairy--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa

Vetch, Hungarian--Vicia pannonica Crantz

Vetch, monantha--Vicia articulata Hornem.

Vetch, narrowleaf or blackpod--Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.)

Ehrh.

Vetch, purple--Vicia benghalensis L.

Vetch, woollypod or winter--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host)

Corb.

Wheat, common--Triticum aestivum L.

Wheat, club--Triticum compactum Host

Wheat, durum--Triticum durum Desf.

Wheat, Polish--Triticum polonicum L.

Wheat, poulard--Triticum turgidum L.

Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x Agrotriticum

Wheatgrass, beardless--Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love

Wheatgrass, crested or fairway crested--Agropyron cristatum (L.)

Gaertn.

Wheatgrass, crested or standard crested--Agropyron desertorum (Link)

Schult.

Wheatgrass, intermediate--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp.

intermedia

Wheatgrass, pubescent--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp.

intermedia

Wheatgrass, Siberian--Agropyron fragile (Roth) Candargy subsp.

sibiricum (Willd.) Meld.

Wheatgrass, slender--Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn.

Wheatgrass, streambank--Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. and J.G. Smith)

Gould subsp. lanceolatus

Wheatgrass, tall--Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski

Wheatgrass, western--Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love

Wildrye, basin--Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and Merr.) A. Love

Wildrye, Canada--Elymus canadensis L.

Wildrye, Russian--Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski

Zoysia japonica--(see Japanese

lawngrass)

Zoysia matrella--(see Manilagrass)

(i) Vegetable seeds. The term ``vegetable seeds'' means the seeds

of the following kinds that are or may be grown in gardens or on truck

farms and are or may be generally known and sold under the name of

vegetable seeds:

Artichoke--Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus

Asparagus--Asparagus officinalis Baker

Asparagusbean or yard-long bean--Vigna unguiculata (L.)

Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.

Bean, garden--Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Bean, lima--Phaseolus lunatus L.

Bean, runner or scarlet runner--Phaseolus coccineus L.

Beet--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris

Broadbean--Vicia faba L.

Broccoli--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.

Brussels sprouts--Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.

Burdock, great--Arctium lappa L.

Cabbage--Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.

Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt

Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.

Cantaloupe--(see Melon)

Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus

Carrot--Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.

Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.

Celeriac--Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud.

Celery--Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.

Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Koch

Chicory--Cichorium intybus L.

Chives--Allium schoenoprasum L.

Citron--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. citroides

(Bailey) Mansf.

Collards--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.

Corn, sweet--Zea mays L.

Cornsalad--Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade

Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata

Cress, garden--Lepidium sativum L.

Cress, upland--Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.

Cress, water--Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek

Cucumber--Cucumis sativus L.

Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale Wigg.

Dill--Anethum graveolens L.

Eggplant--Solanum melongena L.

Endive--Cichorium endivia L.

Gherkin, West India--Cucumis anguria L.

Kale--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.

Kale, Chinese--Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (Bailey) Musil

Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus L. var. pabularia (DC.) Reichb.

Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.

Leek--Allium porrum L.

Lettuce--Lactuca sativa L.

Melon--Cucumis melo L.

Muskmelon--(see Melon).

Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.

Mustard, spinach--Brassica perviridis (Bailey) Bailey

Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Onion--Allium cepa L.

Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum L.

Pak-choi--Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt

Parsley--Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. Hill

Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa L.

Pea--Pisum sativum L.

Pepper--Capsicum spp.

Pe-tsai--(see Chinese cabbage).

Pumpkin--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C.

maxima Duchesne

Radish--Raphanus sativus L.

Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum L.

Rutabaga--Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Reichb.

Sage--Salvia officinalis L.

Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius L.

Savory, summer--Satureja hortensis L.

Sorrel--Rumex acetosa L.

Southernpea--(see Cowpea).

Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Spinach--Spinacia oleracea L.

Spinach, New Zealand--Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Ktze.

Squash--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C.

maxima Duchesne

Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Tomato, husk--Physalis pubescens L.

Turnip--Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa

Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var.

lanatus

* * * * *

(q) Coated Seed. The term ``coated seed'' means any seed unit

covered with any substance that changes the size, shape, or weight of

the original seed. Seeds coated with ingredients such as, but not

limited to, rhizobia, dyes, and pesticides are excluded.

* * * * *

(ee) Certified seed. Certified seed is a class of certified seed

which is the progeny of Breeder, Foundation, or Registered seed, except

as provided in Sec. 201.70, and is produced and handled under

procedures established by the certifying agency, in accordance with

this part, for producing the Certified class of seed, for the purpose

of maintaining genetic purity and identity.

Sec. 201.3 [Amended]

3. Section 201.3 is amended by removing ``shall'' and adding in its

place ``may''.

Sec. 201.10 [Amended]

4. Section 201.10(a) is amended by removing the word ``hybrid''.

Sec. 201.13 [Amended]

5. Section 201.13 is amended by removing ``in'', the first time it

appears and adding in its place ``on''.

Sec. 201.17 [Amended]

6. Section 201.17 is amended by removing ``bermuda grass'' and

adding its place ``bermudagrass'' everywhere it appears.

Sec. 201.20 [Amended]

7. Section 201.20 is amended by removing ``for each kind or kind

and variety or kind and type or kind and hybrid'' and adding in its

place `` each kind, or kind and variety, or kind and type, or kind and

hybrid''.

8. In Sec. 201.22, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.22 Date of Test.

* * * * *

before interstate shipment:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Months

from test

Agricultural seeds and mixtures thereof date to

shipment

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bentgrass, Colonial.......................................... 15

Bentgrass, Creeping.......................................... 15

Bluegrass, Kentucky.......................................... 15

Fescue, Chewings............................................. 15

Fescue, Hard................................................. 15

Fescue, Red.................................................. 15

Fescue, Tall................................................. 15

Ryegrass, Annual............................................. 15

Ryegrass, Perennial.......................................... 15

------------------------------------------------------------------------

201.26 [Amended]

9. Section 201.26 is amended by removing ``is'' following the word

``pollination'' and adding in its place ``in''.

10. Section 201.31 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.31 Germination standards for vegetable seeds in interstate

commerce.

The following germination standards for vegetable seeds in

interstate commerce, which shall be construed to include hard seed, are

determined and established under section 403(c) of the act:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Percent

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Artichoke.................................................... 60

Asparagus.................................................... 70

Asparagusbean................................................ 75

Bean, garden................................................. 70

Bean, lima................................................... 70

Bean, runner................................................. 75

Beet......................................................... 65

Broadbean.................................................... 75

Broccoli..................................................... 75

Brussels sprouts............................................. 70

Burdock, great............................................... 60

Cabbage...................................................... 75

Cabbage, tronchuda........................................... 70

Cardoon...................................................... 60

Carrot....................................................... 55

Cauliflower.................................................. 75

Celeriac..................................................... 55

Celery....................................................... 55

Chard, Swiss................................................. 65

Chicory...................................................... 65

Chinese cabbage.............................................. 75

Chives....................................................... 50

Citron....................................................... 65

Collards..................................................... 80

Corn, sweet.................................................. 75

Cornsalad.................................................... 70

Cowpea....................................................... 75

Cress, garden................................................ 75

Cress, upland................................................ 60

Cress, water................................................. 40

Cucumber..................................................... 80

Dandelion.................................................... 60

Dill......................................................... 60

Eggplant..................................................... 60

Endive....................................................... 70

Kale......................................................... 75

Kale, Chinese................................................ 75

Kale, Siberian............................................... 75

Kohlrabi..................................................... 75

Leek......................................................... 60

Lettuce...................................................... 80

Melon........................................................ 75

Mustard, India............................................... 75

Mustard, spinach............................................. 75

Okra......................................................... 50

Onion........................................................ 70

Onion, Welsh................................................. 70

Pak-choi..................................................... 75

Parsley...................................................... 60

Parsnip...................................................... 60

Pea.......................................................... 80

Pepper....................................................... 55

Pumpkin...................................................... 75

Radish....................................................... 75

Rhubarb...................................................... 60

Rutabaga..................................................... 75

Sage......................................................... 60

Salsify...................................................... 75

Savory, summer............................................... 55

Sorrel....................................................... 65

Soybean...................................................... 75

Spinach...................................................... 60

Spinach, New Zealand......................................... 40

Squash....................................................... 75

Tomato....................................................... 75

Tomato, husk................................................. 50

Turnip....................................................... 80

Watermelon................................................... 70

------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. Section 201.34 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(5) and

reserving paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec. 201.34 Kind, variety, and type; treatment substances; designation

as hybrid.

* * * * *

(d) * * *

(5) Names of varieties which through broad general usage prior to

July 28, 1956 were recognized variety names, except for hybrid seed

corn, shall be considered variety names without regard to the

principles stated in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.

Sec. 201.36b [Amended]

* * * * *

(e) * * *

12. Section 201.36b, paragraph (b) is amended by removing ``pole''

and adding in its place ``(pole) garden''.

13. Section 201.36c, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.36c Hermetically-sealed containers.

* * * * *

moisture, on a wet weight basis, as listed below:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Agricultural seeds Percent

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Beet, field.................................................. 7.5

Beet, sugar.................................................. 7.5

Bluegrass, Kentucky.......................................... 6.0

Clover, crimson.............................................. 8.0

Fescue, red.................................................. 8.0

Mustard, India............................................... 5.0

Ryegrass, annual............................................. 8.0

Ryegrass, perennial.......................................... 8.0

All others................................................... 6.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Vegetable seeds Percent

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bean, garden................................................. 7.0

Bean, lima................................................... 7.0

Beet......................................................... 7.5

Broccoli..................................................... 5.0

Brussels sprouts............................................. 5.0

Cabbage...................................................... 5.0

Cabbage, Chinese............................................. 5.0

Carrot....................................................... 7.0

Cauliflower.................................................. 5.0

Celeriac..................................................... 7.0

Celery....................................................... 7.0

Chard, Swiss................................................. 7.5

Chives....................................................... 6.5

Collards..................................................... 5.0

Corn, sweet.................................................. 8.0

Cucumber..................................................... 6.0

Eggplant..................................................... 6.0

Kale......................................................... 5.0

Kohlrabi..................................................... 5.0

Leek......................................................... 6.5

Lettuce...................................................... 5.5

Melon........................................................ 6.0

Mustard, India............................................... 5.0

Onion........................................................ 6.5

Onion, Welsh................................................. 6.5

Parsley...................................................... 6.5

Parsnip...................................................... 6.0

Pea.......................................................... 7.0

Pepper....................................................... 4.5

Pumpkin...................................................... 6.0

Radish....................................................... 5.0

Rutabaga..................................................... 5.0

Spinach...................................................... 8.0

Squash....................................................... 6.0

Tomato....................................................... 5.5

Turnip....................................................... 5.0

Watermelon................................................... 6.5

All others................................................... 6.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------

201.37 [Amended]

13. Section 201.37 is amended by removing ``Consumer and Marketing

Service'' and adding in its place ``Agricultural Marketing Service''.

14. In Sec. 201.43, paragraphs (a) through (e) are revised and a

new paragraph (g) is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.43 Size of Sample

* * * * *

(a) Two ounces (57 grams) of grass seed not otherwise mentioned,

white or alsike clover, or seeds not larger than these.

(b) Five ounces (142 grams) of red or crimson clover, alfalfa,

lespedeza, ryegrass, bromegrass, millet, flax, rape, or seeds of

similar size.

seeds of similar size.

(d) Two pounds (907 grams) of cereals, sorghum, vetch, or seeds of

similar or larger size.

(e) Two quarts (2.2 liters) of screenings.

* * * * *

(g) Coated seed for a purity analysis shall consist of at least

7,500 seed units. Coated seed for noxious-weed seed examination shall

consist of at least 30,000 seed units. Coated seed for germination test

only shall consist of at least 1,000 seed units.

16. Section 201.44 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.44 Forwarding samples.

Before being forwarded for analysis, test, or examination, the

containers of samples shall be properly sealed and identified in such

manner as may be prescribed by AMS. Samples of coated seed shall be

forwarded in firmly packed crush-proof and moisture-proof containers.

Sec. 201.45 [Amended]

17. In Sec. 201.45, paragraph (b) is amended by removing ``,''

after the words ``damaging large seeds'' and adding in its place ``and

coated seeds,''.

18. Section 201.46 is amended by adding a new paragraph (d) and

revising Table 1 to read as follows:

Sec. 201.46 Weight of working sample.

* * * * *

(d) Coated seed.

(1) Unmixed coated seed. Due to variation in the weight of coating

materials, the size or weight of the working sample shall be determined

separately for each lot. The weight of the working sample shall be

determined by weighing 100 completely coated units and calculating the

weight of 2,500 coated units for the purity analysis and 25,000 coated

units for the noxious-weed seed examination.

(2) Mixtures of coated seed. The working weight shall be determined

in the following manner:

(i) Calculate the weight of the working sample to be used for the

mixture under consideration as though the sample were not coated by

following paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.

(ii) Determine the amount of coating material on 100 coated units

by weighing the coated units. Remove the coating material using the

methods described in Secs. 201.51b (c) and (d). Calculate the

percentage of coating material using the following formulas:

Weight of coating material = weight of 100 coated units - weight of 100

de-coated units;

The percentage of coating material = weight of the coating material

divided by the weight of 100 coated units x 100%.

(iii) The weight of the working sample shall be the product of the

weight calculated in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section multiplied by

100%, divided by 100% minus the percentage of coating material

calculated in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.

Table 1.--Weight of Working Sample

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Minimum

Minimum weight for Approximate

weight for noxious-weed number of

Name of seed purity seed seeds per

analysis examination gram

(grams) (grams)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Agricultural Seed

Agrotricum..................... 65 500 39

Alfalfa........................ 5 50 500

Alfilaria...................... 5 50 440

Alyceclover.................... 5 50 665

Bahiagrass:

Var. Pensacola............. 5 50 600

All other vars............. 7 50 365

Barley......................... 100 500 30

Barrelclover................... 10 100 250

Bean:

Adzuki..................... 200 500 11

Field...................... 500 500 4

Mung....................... 100 500 24

Beet, field.................... 50 500 55

Beet, sugar.................... 50 500 55

Beggarweed, Florida............ 5 50 440

Bentgrass:

Colonial................... 0.25 2.5 13,000

Creeping................... 0.25 2.5 13,515

Velvet..................... 0.25 2.5 18,180

Bermudagrass................... 1 10 3,930

Bermudagrass, giant............ 1 10 2,950

Bluegrass:

Annual..................... 1 10 2,635

Bulbous.................... 4 40 585

Canada..................... 0.5 5 5,050

Glaucantha................. 1 10 ...........

Kentucky................... 1 10 3,060

Nevada..................... 1 10 2,305

Rough...................... 0.5 5 4,610

Texas...................... 1 10 2,500

Wood....................... 0.5 5 4,330

Bluejoint...................... 0.5 5 8,461

Bluestem:

Big........................ 7 70 320

Little..................... 5 50 525

Sand....................... 10 100 215

Yellow..................... 1 10 1,945

Bottlebrush-squirreltail....... 9 90 300

Brome:

Field...................... 5 50 465

Meadow..................... 13 130 190

Mountain................... 20 200 140

Smooth..................... 7 70 315

Broomcorn...................... 40 400 60

Buckwheat...................... 50 500 45

Buffalograss:

(Burs)..................... 20 200 110

(Caryopses)................ 3 30 740

Buffelgrass:

(Fascicles)................ 6 66 365

(Caryopses)................ 2 20 1,940

Burclover, California:

(in bur)................... 50 500 ...........

(out of bur)............... 7 70 375

Burclover, spotted

(in bur)................... 50 500 50

(out of bur)............... 5 50 550

Burnet, little................. 25 250 110

Buttonclover................... 7 70 365

Canarygrass.................... 20 200 150

Canarygrass, reed.............. 2 20 1,185

Carpetgrass.................... 1 10 2,230

Castorbean..................... 500 500 5

Chess, soft.................... 5 50 555

Chickpea....................... 500 500 2

Clover:

Alsike..................... 2 20 1,500

Arrowleaf.................. 4 40 705

Berseem.................... 5 50 455

Cluster.................... 1 10 2,925

Crimson.................... 10 100 330

Kenya...................... 2 20

Ladino..................... 2 20 1,935

Lappa...................... 2 20 1,500

Large hop.................. 1 10 5,435

Persian.................... 2 20 1,415

Red........................ 5 50 600

Rose....................... 7 70 360

Small hop.................. 2 20 1,950

Strawberry................. 5 50 635

Sub........................ 25 250 120

White...................... 2 20 1,500

Corn:

Field...................... 500 500 3

Pop........................ 500 500 3

Cotton......................... 300 500 8

Cowpea......................... 300 500 8

Crambe......................... 25 250 ...........

Crested dogtail................ 2 20 1,900

Crotalaria:

Lance...................... 7 70 375

Showy...................... 25 250 80

Slenderleaf................ 10 100 205

Striped.................... 10 100 215

Sunn....................... 75 500 35

Crownvetch..................... 10 100 305

Dallisgrass.................... 4 40 620

Dichondra...................... 5 50 470

Dropseed, sand................. 0.25 2.5 12,345

Emmer.......................... 100 500 25

Fescue:

Chewings................... 3 30 900

Hair....................... 1 10 ...........

Hard....................... 2 20 1,305

Meadow..................... 5 50 495

Red........................ 3 30 900

Sheep...................... 2 20 1,165

Tall....................... 5 50 455

Flax........................... 15 150 180

Galletagrass:

(Other than caryopses)..... 10 100 260

(Caryopses)................ 5 50 580

Grama:

Blue....................... 2 20 1,595

Side-oats:

(Other than caryopses). 6 60 350

(Caryopses)............ 2 20 1,605

Guar........................... 75 500 35

Guineagrass.................... 2 20 2,205

Hardinggrass................... 3 30 750

Hemp........................... 50 500 45

Indiangrass, yellow............ 7 70 395

Indigo, hairy.................. 7 70 435

Japanese lawngrass............. 2 20 1,325

Johnsongrass................... 10 100 265

Kenaf.......................... 50 500 ...........

Kochia, forage................. 2 20 1,070

Kudzu.......................... 25 250 80

Lentil......................... 120 500 14-23

Lespedeza:

Korean..................... 5 50 525

Sericea.................... 3 30 820

Siberian................... 3 30 820

Striate.................... 5 50 750

Lovegrass, sand................ 1 10 3,585

Lovegrass, weeping............. 1 10 3,270

Lupine:

Blue....................... 500 500 7

White...................... 500 500 7

Yellow..................... 300 500 9

Manilagrass.................... 2 20 ...........

Meadow foxtail................. 3 30 893

Medic, black................... 5 50 585

Milkvetch...................... 9 90 270

Millet:

Browntop................... 8 80 315

Foxtail.................... 5 50 480

Japanese................... 9 90 315

Pearl...................... 15 150 180

Proso...................... 15 150 185

Molassesgrass.................. 0.5 5 7,750

Mustard:

Black...................... 2 20 1,255

India...................... 5 50 625

White...................... 15 150 160

Napiergrass.................... 5 50 ...........

Needlegrass, green............. 7 70 370

Oat............................ 75 500 35-50

Oatgrass, tall................. 6 60 417

Orchardgrass................... 3 30 945

Panicgrass, blue............... 2 20 1,370

Panicgrass, green.............. 2 20 1,305

Pea, field..................... 500 500 4

Peanut......................... 500 500 1-3

Rape:

Annual..................... 7 70 345

Bird....................... 7 70 425

Turnip..................... 5 50 535

Winter..................... 10 100 230

Redtop......................... 0.25 2.5 10,695

Rescuegrass.................... 20 200 115

Rhodesgrass.................... 1 10 4,725

Rice........................... 50 500 65

Ricegrass, Indian.............. 7 70 355

Roughpea....................... 75 500 40

Rye............................ 75 500 40

Rye, mountain.................. 28 280 90

Ryegrass:

Annual..................... 5 50 420

Intermediate............... 8 80 338

Perennial.................. 5 50 530

Wimmera.................... 5 50 ...........

Safflower...................... 100 500 30

Sagewort, Louisiana............ 0.5 5 8,900

Sainfoin....................... 50 500 50

Saltbush, fourwing............. 15 150 165

Sesame......................... 7 70 360

Sesbania....................... 25 250 105

Smilo.......................... 2 20 2,010

Sorghum........................ 50 500 55

Sorghum almum.................. 15 150 150

Sorghum-sudangrass............. 65 500 38

Sorgrass1...................... 15 150 135

Sourclover..................... 5 50 660

Soybean........................ 500 500 6-13

Spelt.......................... 100 500 25

Sudangrass..................... 25 250 100

Sunflower...................... 100 500 ...........

Sweetclover:

White...................... 5 50 570

Yellow..................... 5 50 570

Sweet vernalgrass.............. 2 20 1,600

Sweetvetch, northern........... 19 190 130

Switchgrass.................... 4 40 570

Timothy........................ 1 10 2,565

Timothy, turf.................. 1 10 2,565

Tobacco........................ 0.5 5 15,625

Trefoil:

Big........................ 2 20 1,945

Birdsfoot.................. 3 30 815

Triticale...................... 100 500 ...........

Vaseygrass..................... 3 30 970

Veldtgrass..................... 4 40 655

Velvetbean..................... 500 500 2

Velvetgrass.................... 1 10 3,360

Vetch:

Common..................... 150 500 19

Hairy...................... 75 500 35

Hungarian.................. 100 500 24

Monantha................... 100 500 ...........

Narrowleaf................. 50 500 60

Purple..................... 100 500 22

Woollypod.................. 100 500 25

Wheat:

Common..................... 100 500 25

Club....................... 100 500 25

Durum...................... 100 500 25

Polish..................... 100 500 25

Poulard.................... 100 500 25

Wheat x Agrotricum............. 65 500 38

Wheatgrass:

Beardless.................. 8 80 275

Fairway crested............ 4 40 685

Standard crested........... 5 50 425

Intermediate............... 15 150 175

Pubescent.................. 15 150 180

Siberian................... 5 50 ...........

Slender.................... 7 70 295

Streambank................. 10 50 370

Tall....................... 15 150 165

Western.................... 10 100 250

Wildrye:

Basin...................... 8 80 317

Canada..................... 11 110 190

Russian.................... 6 60 360

Vegetable Seed

Artichoke...................... 100 500 24

Asparagus...................... 100 500 25

Asparagusbean.................. 300 500 8

Bean:

Garden..................... 500 500 4

Lima....................... 500 500 2

Runner..................... 500 500 1

Beet........................... 50 300 60

Broadbean...................... 500 500 ...........

Broccoli....................... 10 50 315

Brussels sprouts............... 10 50 315

Burdock, great................. 15 150 ...........

Cabbage........................ 10 50 315

Cabbage, Chinese............... 5 50 635

Cabbage, tronchuda............. 10 100 ...........

Cardoon........................ 100 500 ...........

Carrot......................... 3 50 825

Cauliflower.................... 10 50 315

Celeriac....................... 1 25 2,520

Celery......................... 1 25 2,520

Chard, Swiss................... 50 300 60

Chicory........................ 3 50 940

Chives......................... 5 50 ...........

Citron......................... 200 500 11

Collards....................... 10 50 315

Corn, sweet.................... 500 500 ...........

Cornsalad:

Vars. Fullhearted and Dark

Green Fullhearted......... 5 50 ...........

All other vars............. 10 50 380

Cowpea......................... 300 500 8

Cress:

Garden..................... 5 50 425

Upland..................... 2 35 1,160

Water...................... 1 25 5,170

Cucumber....................... 75 500 40

Dandelion...................... 2 35 1,240

Dill........................... 3 50 800

Eggplant....................... 10 50 230

Endive......................... 3 50 940

Gherkin, West India............ 16 160 153

Kale........................... 10 50 315

Kale, Chinese.................. 10 50 ...........

Kale, Siberian................. 8 80 325

Kohlrabi....................... 10 50 315

Leek........................... 7 50 395

Lettuce........................ 3 50 890

Melon.......................... 50 500 45

Mustard, India................. 5 50 625

Mustard, spinach............... 5 50 535

Okra........................... 100 500 19

Onion.......................... 7 50 340

Onion, Welsh................... 10 50 ...........

Pak-choi....................... 5 50 635

Parsley........................ 5 50 650

Parsnip........................ 5 50 430

Pea............................ 500 500 3

Pepper......................... 15 150 165

Pumpkin........................ 500 500 5

Radish......................... 30 300 75

Rhubarb........................ 50 300 60

Rutabaga....................... 5 50 430

Sage........................... 25 150 120

Salsify........................ 50 300 65

Savory, summer................. 2 35 1,750

Sorrel......................... 2 35 1,080

Soybean........................ 500 500 6-13

Spinach........................ 25 150 100

Spinach, New Zealand........... 200 500 13

Squash......................... 200 500 14

Tomato......................... 5 50 405

Tomato, husk................... 2 35 1,240

Turnip......................... 5 50 535

Watermelon..................... 200 500 11

------------------------------------------------------------------------

1Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a

johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.

19. Section 201.47 is amended by revising paragraph (e) and adding

a new paragraph (f) to read as follows:

Sec. 201.47 Separation.

* * * * *

(e) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a)

shall be used for the separation of pure seed and inert matter in seeds

of Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, Pensacola

variety of bahiagrass, orchardgrass, side-oats grama, and blue grama.

(f) Procedures for purity analysis for coated seed are given in

Sec. 201.51b.

20. Section 201.47a is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(3),

(b)(4), and (g) to read as follows:

Sec. 201.47a Seed unit.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(3) Entire spikelets in bahiagrass, bentgrasses, dallisgrass,

guineagrass, browntop millet, foxtail millet, proso millet,

panicgrasses, redtop, rice, switchgrass, and vaseygrass. Entire

spikelets which may have attached rachis segments, pedicels, and

sterile spikelets in big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem,

yellow bluestem, bottlebrush-squirreltail, broomcorn, yellow

indiangrass, johnsongrass, sorghum, sorghum- sudangrass, sorghum almum,

sorgrass, and sudangrass;

(4) Spikelet groups:

(i) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as a unit in galletagrass;

(ii) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as units with attached

rachis and internodes bluestems, side-oats grama, and yellow

indiangrass;

* * * * *

(g) ``Seed balls'' or portions thereof in multigerm beets, and

fruits with accessory structures such as occur in other Chenopodiaceae

and New Zealand spinach. For forage kochia refer to Sec. 201.48(j) and

Sec. 201.51(a)(7).

21. In Sec. 201.48, paragraphs (g)(2), (g)(3), (h), and (i) are

revised and a new paragraph (j) is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.48 Kind or variety considered pure seed.

* * * * *

(g) * * *

(2) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a)

shall be used to determine classification of florets into pure seed or

inert matter for Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass,

Pensacola variety of bahiagrass, side-oats grama, blue grama, and

orchardgrass.

(3) Special purity procedures for smooth brome, chewings fescue,

red fescue, orchardgrass, fairway crested wheatgrass, standard crested

wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, tall

wheatgrass, and western wheatgrass are listed in Sec. 201.51a(b).

* * * * *

(h) Seed units with nematode galls, fungal bodies (i.e. ergot,

other sclerotia, and smut) and spongy or corky caryopses that are

entirely enclosed within the seed unit. Refer to Sec. 201.51(c)(1) for

inert matter classification.

(i) Seed units of beet and other Chenopodiaceae, and New Zealand

spinach. Refer to Sec. 201.47a(g) and Sec. 201.51(a)(6) for definitions

of seed units and inert matter, respectively.

(j) Seed units of forage kochia that are retained on a 1 mm opening

square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds. For inert matter, refer

to Sec. 201.51(a)(7).

22. Section 201.49 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and

reserving paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec. 201.49 Other crop seed.

(a) Seeds of plants grown as crops (other than the kind(s) and

variety(ies) included in the pure seed) shall be considered other crop

seeds, unless recognized as weed seeds by applicable laws, or

regulations, or by general usage. All interpretations and definitions

for ``pure seed'' in Sec. 201.48 shall also apply in determining

whether seeds are ``other crop seed'' or ``inert matter'' with the

following two exceptions which may be applied as acceptable

alternatives:

(1) Uniform Blowing Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(a) for kinds listed

in Sec. 201.47(e) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all seed units

(as defined in Sec. 201.47a) for these kinds found in the working

sample shall be manually separated into pure seed and inert matter.

Only units containing at least one caryopsis with some degree of

endosperm development which can be detected either by slight pressure

or by examination over light are considered other crop seed.

(2) Multiple Unit Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(b) for kinds listed in

Sec. 201.48(g)(3) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all multiple

units and single units (as defined in Sec. 201.51a(b)) for these kinds

found in the working sample shall be manually separated into single

florets. Each floret containing a caryopsis with some degree of

endosperm development, which can be detected either by slight pressure

or examination over light, is considered other crop seed. Empty florets

and glumes, if present, are considered inert matter. Refer to

Sec. 201.51(a)(4).

(b) [Reserved]

23. In Sec. 201.50, paragraph (c) is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.50 Weed seed.

* * * * *

part of the husk remaining and are not damaged at the basal end are

considered weed seeds regardless of size. Bulblets that are completely

devoid of husk, and are not damaged at the basal end, and are retained

by a \1/13\-inch (1.9 mm) round-hole sieve are considered weed seeds.

For wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets classed as inert

matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(b)(5).

24. In Sec. 201.51, paragraphs (a)(5), (a)(6), and (c)(2) are

revised and new paragraphs (a)(7), (a)(8), and (c)(3) are added to read

as follows:

Sec. 201.51 Inert matter.

(a) * * *

(5) Seed units with nematode galls or fungal bodies (smut, ergot,

and other sclerotia) that are not entirely enclosed within the seed

unit. Refer to Sec. 201.48(h) for pure seed classification.

(6) Broken seed units of Chenopodiaceae and fruit portions or

fragments of monogerm beets, New Zealand spinach, buffalograss, and

families in which the seed unit is a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit

that visibly do not contain a seed. Refer to Sec. 201.48 (f), (g)(1),

(i), and (j) for pure seed classification.

(7) Seed units of forage kochia that pass through a 1 mm opening,

square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds.

(8) The thin pericarp (fruit wall), if present on seeds of northern

sweetvetch.

* * * * *

(2) Soil particles, sand, stone, chaff, stems, leaves, flowers,

loose coating material, and any other foreign material.

(3) Coating material removed from coated seed by washing. Refer to

Sec. 201.51b(c).

25. Section Sec. 201.51a is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.51a Special procedures for purity analysis.

(a) The Uniform Blowing Procedure shall be used for the separation

of pure seed and inert matter in the following: Kentucky bluegrass,

Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, Pensacola variety of bahiagrass,

orchardgrass, blue grama, and side-oats grama.

(1) When kinds listed in this section appear in mixtures they shall

be separated from other kinds before using the Uniform Blowing

Procedure.

(2) To determine the blowing point for these procedures, individual

calibration samples for Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass, and Pensacola

variety of bahiagrass shall be used. The calibration sample for

Kentucky bluegrass shall be used for Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass,

blue grama, and side-oats grama.

(i) The blowing point for Canada bluegrass shall be the same as the

blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass.

(ii) The blowing point for rough bluegrass shall be a factor of

0.82 (82 percent) of the blowing point determined for Kentucky

bluegrass. The 0.82 factor is restricted to the General-type seed

blower.

(iii) The blowing point for blue grama shall be a factor of 1.157

of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before blowing,

extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing process shall

be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into four

approximately equal parts and each blown separately. The 1.157 factor

is restricted to the General-type seed blower.

(iv) The blowing point for side-oats grama shall be a factor of

1.480 of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before

blowing, extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing

process shall be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into

four approximately equal parts and each part blown separately. The

1.480 factor is restricted to the General-type seed blower.

(3) Calibration samples and instructions are available on loan

through the Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, LS, AMS, Building 306,

Room 213, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.

(4) The calibration samples shall be used to establish a blowing

point prior to proceeding with the separation of pure seed and inert

matter for these kinds. After completing the blowing procedure, remove

all weed and other crop seeds from the light portion and add these to

the weed or other crop separation, as appropriate. The remainder of the

light portion shall be considered inert matter. Remove all weed and

other crop seeds and other inert matter (stems, leaves, dirt) from the

heavy portion and add these to the weed seed, other crop seed, or inert

matter separations, as appropriate. The remainder of the heavy portion

shall be considered pure seed.

(5) With orchardgrass, after the blowing, proceed with the multiple

unit procedure.

(b) The Multiple Unit Procedure of determining the pure seed

fraction shall be used only for the kinds included in the following

table when multiple units are present in a sample. These methods are

applicable to the kinds listed when they occur in mixtures or singly.

Any single unit without attached structures, as described below, shall

be considered a single unit. Multiple units and single units for the

kinds listed shall remain intact. The attached glumes and fertile or

sterile florets shall not be removed from the fertile floret.

(1) A multiple unit is a seed unit that includes one or more

structures as follows (the length of the awn shall be disregarded when

determining the length of a fertile floret or an attached structure):

(i) An attached sterile or fertile floret that extends to or beyond

the tip of a fertile floret;

(ii) A fertile floret with basally attached glume, glumes, or

basally attached sterile floret of any length;

(iii) A fertile floret with two or more attached sterile and/or

fertile florets of any length.

(2) Procedure for determination of multiple units:

(i) For the single kind: determine the percentage of single units

present, based on the total weight of single units and multiple units.

Apply the appropriate factor, as determined from the following table,

to the weight of the multiple units and add that portion of the

multiple unit weight to the weight of the single units. The remaining

multiple unit weight shall be added to the weight of the inert matter.

(ii) For mixtures that include one or more of the kinds in the

following table, determine the percentage of single units, based on the

total weight of single units and multiple units, for each kind. Apply

the appropriate factor as determined from the following table, to the

weight of multiple units of each kind.

Table of Factors To Apply to Multiple Unitsa

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pubes-

Chewings Red Orchard- Crested cent Intermediate Tall Western Smooth

Percent of single units of each kind fescue fescue grass wheat- wheat- wheat-grass wheat- wheat- brome

grassb grass grassc grassc

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

50 or below........................................... 91 80 80 70 66 72 -- -- 72

50.01-55.00........................................... 91 81 81 72 67 74 -- -- 74

55.01-60.00........................................... 91 82 81 73 67 75 -- -- 75

60.01-65.00........................................... 91 83 82 74 67 76 -- -- 76

65.01-70.00........................................... 91 84 82 75 68 77 -- 60 78

70.01-75.00........................................... 91 86 82 76 68 78 -- 66 79

75.01-80.00........................................... 91 87 83 77 69 79 50 67 81

80.01-85.00........................................... 91 88 83 78 69 80 55 68 82

85.01-90.00........................................... 91 89 83 79 69 81 65 70 83

90.01-100.00.......................................... 91 90 84 79 70 82 70 74 85

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

aThe factors represent the percentages of the multiple unit weights which are considered pure seed. The remaining percentage is regarded as inert

matter.

bIncludes both standard crested wheatgrass and fairway crested wheatgrass.

cDashes in table indicate that no factors are available at the levels shown.

26. New Sec. 201.51b is added to read as follows:

Sec. 201.51b Purity procedures for coated seed.

(a) The working sample for coated seed is obtained as described in

Sec. 201.46(d) (1) and (2), and weighed in grams to four significant

figures.

(b) Any loose coating material shall be sieved, weighed, and

included with the inert matter component.

or other solvents such as, but not limited to, dilute sodium hydroxide

(NaOH). Use of fine mesh sieves is recommended for this procedure, and

stirring or shaking the coated units may be necessary to obtain de-

coated seed.

(d) Spread de-coated seed on blotters or filter paper in a shallow

container. Air dry overnight at room temperature.

(e) Separation of component parts:

(1) Kind or variety considered pure seed.

(2) Other crop seed.

(3) Inert matter.

(4) Weed seed.

(f) The de-coated seed shall be separated into four components in

accordance with Secs. 201.48 through 201.51. Secs. 201.51a (a) and (b)

shall not be followed. The weight of the coating material is determined

by subtracting the sum of the weights of the other four components from

the original weight of the working sample. The percentage of coating

material shall be included with the inert matter percentage. Calculate

percentages of all components based on the original weight of the

working sample (see paragraph (a) of this section).

27. Section 201.52 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.52 Noxious-weed seeds.

(a) The determination of the number of seeds, bulblets, or tubers

of individual noxious weeds present per unit weight should be made on

at least the minimum quantities listed in Sec. 201.46 Table 1:

Provided, That if the following indicated numbers of a single kind of

seed, bulblet, or tuber are found in the pure seed analysis (or

noxious-weed seed examination of a like amount) the occurrence of that

kind in the remainder of the bulk examined for noxious-weed seeds need

not be noted: \1/2\-gram purity working sample, 16 or more seeds; 1-

gram purity working sample, 23 or more seeds; 2-gram purity working

sample or larger, 30 or more seeds. The seeds per unit weight shall be

based on the number of single seeds. The number of individual seeds

shall be determined in burs of sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) and cocklebur

(Xanthium spp.); in capsules of dodder (Cuscuta spp.); in berries of

groundcherry, horsenettle, and nightshade (Solanaceae); and in the

fruits of other noxious weeds that contain more than one seed. Refer to

Secs. 201.50 and 201.51(b)(4) for the classification of weed seeds and

inert matter, respectively.

(b) A noxious-weed seed examination of coated seed samples shall be

made by examining approximately 25,000 units obtained in accordance

with Sec. 201.46(d) and which have been de-coated by the method

described in Sec. 201.51b(c).

28. Section 201.54 is revised to read as follows:

Sec. 201.54 Number of seeds for germination.

At least 400 seeds shall be tested for germination; except that in

mixtures, 200 seeds of each of those kinds present to the extent of 15

percent or less may be used in lieu of 400, in which case an additional

2 percent is to be added to the regular germination tolerances. The

seeds shall be tested in replicate tests of 100 seeds or less.

29. In Sec. 201.56, paragraphs (a) and (e) are revised to read as

follows:

Sec. 201.56 Interpretation.

(a) A seed shall be considered to have germinated when it has

developed those essential structures which, for the kind of seed under

consideration, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant

under favorable conditions. In general, the following are considered to

be essential structures necessary for the continued development of the

seedling (although some structures may not be visible in all kinds at

the time of seedling evaluation). Seedlings possessing these essential

structures are referred to as normal seedlings: Root system (consisting

of primary, secondary, seminal, or adventitious roots); hypocotyl;

epicotyl; cotyledon(s); terminal bud; primary leaves; and coleoptile

and mesocotyl (in the grass family). Abnormal seedlings consist of

those with defects to these structures, as described in the abnormal

seedling descriptions, and are judged to be incapable of continued

growth. The seedling descriptions assume that test conditions were

adequate to allow proper assessment of the essential seedling

structures.

* * * * *

(e) Standard guides for seedling interpretation shall include the

following descriptions for specific kinds and groups. The ``General

Description'' for each group of crop kinds describes a seedling without

defects. While such a seedling is clearly normal, seedlings with some

defects may also be classified as normal, provided the defects do not

impair the functioning of the structure. The ``Abnormal seedling

description'' is to be followed when judging the severity of defects.

30. Sections 201.56-1 through 201.56-12 are revised to read as

follows:

Sec. 201.56-1 Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae, and Carpetweed family,

Aizoaceae.

Kinds of seed: Beet, Swiss chard, fourwing saltbush, spinach, New

Zealand spinach, and forage kochia.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Leaf-like cotyledons and perisperm.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may develop within

the test period.

(5) Seedling: Frequent counts should be made on multigerm beet

since the growing seedlings will separate from the cluster making it

difficult to identify the source. Any cluster which produces at least

one normal seedling is classified as normal; only one normal seedling

per cluster is to be counted (see Sec. 201.56(d)). Toxic substances

from the clusters of beet and Swiss chard may cause discoloring of the

hypocotyl and/or root. Seedlings which are slightly discolored are to

be classified as normal; however, if there is excessive discoloration,

retest by the method in Sec. 201.58(b)(3).

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(iii) Watery.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(iii) For discolored roots of beet and Swiss chard, see

Sec. 201.58(b)(3).

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection. (For discolored seedlings of beet and Swiss

chard, see Sec. 201.58(b)(3).)

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-2 Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae).

Kinds of seed: Artichoke, cardoon, chicory, dandelion, endive,

great burdock, lettuce, safflower, salsify, Louisiana sagewort, and

sunflower.

(a) Lettuce.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-

like, and photosynthetic. The cotyledons of some varieties develop

elongated petioles.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show

any development within the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root.

(v) Seedling: The interpretations of lettuce seedlings are made

only at the end of the test period.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay. (Remove attached seed coat for evaluation of

cotyledons. Physiological necrosis is manifested by discolored areas on

the cotyledons and should not be confused with natural pigmentation of

some lettuce varieties.)

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(B) Any degree of necrosis or decay.

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(B) Severely twisted or grainy.

(iv) Root:

(A) Stubby or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will not

compensate for a defective primary root.)

(B) Primary root tip blunt, swollen, or discolored. (Toxic

materials in the substratum may cause short, blunt roots; see

Sec. 201.58(a)(9).)

(v) Seedling:

(A) Swollen cotyledons associated with extremely short or vestigial

hypocotyl and root.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(b) Other kinds in the sunflower family: Artichoke, cardoon,

chicory, dandelion, endive, great burdock, safflower, salsify,

Louisiana sagewort, and sunflower.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-

like, and photosynthetic.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show

any development within the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots usually

developing within the test period.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the

test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots. (Seedlings with roots bound within tough seed coats

should be left in the test until the final count to allow for

development.)

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(B) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-3 Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

Kinds of seed: Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese

cabbage, cauliflower, collards, garden cress, upland cress, water

cress, kale, Chinese kale, Siberian kale, kohlrabi, mustard, pakchoi,

radish, rape, rutabaga, and turnip.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-

like and photosynthetic. In Brassica, Sinapis, and Raphanus, the

cotyledons are bi-lobed and folded, with the outer cotyledon being

larger than the inner.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface; the epicotyl usually does not show

any development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A long primary root.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Decayed at point of attachment.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(iii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(iii) Watery.

(4) Root:

(i) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will

not compensate for a defective root.)

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-4 Cucurbit family, Cucurbitaceae.

Kinds of seed: Citron, cucumber, West India gherkin, melon,

pumpkin, squash, and watermelon.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy; they

expand, become photosynthetic, and usually persist beyond the seedling

stage.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and the cotyledons are

pulled free of the seed coat, which often adheres to a peg-like

appendage at the base of the hypocotyl. The epicotyl usually does not

show any development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A long primary root with numerous secondary roots.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the

test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root, with less than two

strong secondary or adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-5 Grass family, Poaceae (Gramineae).

Kinds of seed: Bentgrasses, bluegrasses, bluestems, bromes,

cereals, fescues, millets, orchardgrass, redtop, ryegrasses, sorghums,

timothy, turf timothy, wheatgrasses, and all other grasses listed in

Sec. 201.2(h).

(a) Cereals: Agrotricum, barley, oat, rye, mountain rye, wheat,

wheat x agrotricum, and triticale.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During

germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients

from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl may elongate

depending on the variety and light intensity, but may not be

discernible. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result

of growth and emergence of the leaves.

(iv) Root system: A primary root and seminal roots. The primary

root is not readily distinguishable from the seminal roots; therefore,

all roots arising from the seed are referred to as seminal roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) No leaf.

(D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(E) Spindly or watery.

(F) Grainy, spirally twisted, shredded, and weak.

(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) Less than one strong seminal root.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(D) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g.

kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).

(E) Thickened and shortened roots and/or shoots.

(b) Rice.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During

germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients

from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil or water surface; the mesocotyl may

elongate depending on the variety and environmental conditions.

Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and

emergence of the leaves.

(iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots.

Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or

coleoptilar node within the test period. If the mesocotyl elongates,

the adventitious roots will be carried above the grain.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) No leaf.

(D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(E) Spindly or watery.

(F) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak primary root with insufficient seminal or adventitious

roots.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During

germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients

from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl usually elongates.

Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and

emergence of the leaves. A twisted and curled shoot bound by a tough

seed coat may be considered normal, provided the shoot is not decayed.

(iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots.

Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or

coleoptilar node within the test period.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) Thickened and shortened.

(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.

(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(F) Spindly or watery.

(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak seminal roots.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(d) Johnsongrass, sorghum, sorgrass, sorghum almum, sudangrass, and

sorghum-sudangrass.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with endosperm. During germination

the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the

endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl usually elongates.

Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the mesocotyl and

coleoptile. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of

growth and emergence of the leaves.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root, usually with secondary roots

developing within the test period. Adventitious roots may start to

develop from the mesocotyl or coleoptilar node within the test period.

Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the root.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) Thickened and shortened.

(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.

(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(F) Spindly or watery.

(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Damaged or weak primary root with less than two strong

secondary roots.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(e) Grasses and millets.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypegeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified

cotyledon which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During

germination the scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients

from the endosperm and transfer them to the growing seedling.

(iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves

enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates

and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl may or may not

elongate significantly, depending on the kind. Splitting of the

coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the

leaves.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root. Secondary or adventitious

roots may develop within the test period. In certain kinds (e.g.

bermudagrass) the primary root may not be readily visible because it is

coiled inside the tightly fitting lemma and palea. At the time of

evaluation, the glumes should be removed and the root observed. Such

seedlings are classified as normal if the primary root has developed.

For Kentucky bluegrass, a primary root \1/16\ inch (1.6 mm) or more in

length is classified as normal.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Shoot:

(A) Missing.

(B) Short, thick, and grainy.

(D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.

(E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.

(F) Spindly or watery.

(G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.

(ii) Root:

(A) Missing or defective primary root even if other roots are

present.

(B) Spindly, stubby, or watery primary root.

(iii) Seedling:

(A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

(B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(D) Yellow (when grown in light).

(E) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g.

kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).

Sec. 201.56-6 Legume or pea family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae).

Kinds of seed: Alfalfa, alyceclover, asparagusbean, beans

(Phaseolus spp.), Florida beggarweed, black medic, broadbean,

burclovers, buttonclover, chickpea, clovers (Trifolium spp.), cowpea,

crotalarias, crownvetch, guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lentil, lespedezas,

lupines, northern sweetvetch, peas, peanut, roughpea, sainfoin,

sesbania, sourclover, soybean, sweetclovers, trefoils, velvetbean, and

vetches.

(a) Field bean, garden bean, lima bean, mung bean, asparagusbean,

and cowpea.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl elongates, causing the

terminal bud to emerge from between the cotyledons; the primary leaves

expand rapidly.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) For garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris in part), remove any

attached seed coats at the end of the test period for evaluation of

cotyledons:

(1) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(2) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(B) All other kinds:

(1) Both missing and the seedling generally weak.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing.

(B) Deep open cracks.

(D) Less than one primary leaf.

(E) Primary leaves too small in proportion to the rest of the

seedling, usually associated with visible defects of, or damage to, the

main stem of the epicotyl.

(F) Terminal bud missing or damaged. (If a few seedlings with total

or partial decay to the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as

normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on

such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry

environment and exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or sand,

will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. (A

healed break, sometimes referred to as a ``knee,'' is considered

normal.)

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling orientation or

constriction on or in the substratum.) (Hypocotyl collar rot is the

breakdown of hypocotyl tissue initially characterized by a watery

appearance and collapse of the hypocotyl below the cotyledonary node.

The area later becomes discolored, shrivelled, and necrotic. The

condition is caused by insufficient calcium available to the seedling.

If hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings of garden bean, the

sample involved shall be retested in accordance with

Sec. 201.58(b)(12).)

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots. (A root bound within a tough seed coat is

considered normal.)

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as the result of

decay from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel

and blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and

Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings

some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary

infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may

be advisable.)

(B) Albino.

(b) Adzuki bean, broadbean, chickpea, field pea, lentil, pea,

roughpea, runner bean, velvetbean, and vetches.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy, and

remain enclosed within the seed coat beneath the soil surface. They are

usually not photosynthetic.

(iii) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal

bud and primary leaves above the soil surface. The stem bears one or

more scale leaves and, prior to emergence, is arched near the apex,

causing the terminal bud to be pulled through the soil; after

emergence, the stem straightens. For practical purposes, the hypocotyl

is not discernible and is not an evaluation factor. Buds in the axils

of each cotyledon and scale leaf usually remain dormant unless the

terminal bud is seriously damaged. In this case, one or more axillary

buds may start to develop into a shoot. If the axillary shoot is well-

developed, it may be considered normal.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original tissue remaining attached.

(B) Less than half of the original tissue free of necrosis or

decay.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing.

(B) Less than one primary leaf.

(D) Severely damaged (e.g. terminal bud missing or damaged) with

only a weak shoot developing from the axil of a cotyledon or scale

leaf.

(E) Two weak and spindly shoots.

(F) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(iii) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary

roots.

(iv) Seedlings:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and

blotter tests. Some pathogens can spread through the substratum and

infect seedlings some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings

with secondary infection are classified as normal. A retest in sand or

soil may be advisable.)

(B) Albino.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy; they

expand and become photosynthetic.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The primary leaves usually increase

in size and the epicotyl may elongate within the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons.

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(ii) Epicotyl.

(A) Missing.

(B) Less than one primary leaf.

(D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed. (If a few seedlings

with partial decay of the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as

normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on

such seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry

environment and is exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or

sand, will aid in interpretation of such seedlings.)

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(Adventitious roots may occur at the site of injury, particularly on

the hypocotyl and near the base of the cotyledons. The seedling is

classified as normal if the injury is healed over and other essential

structures are normal.)

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(Hypocotyl development is slow until the roots start functioning.

Caution should be exercised to ensure slow seedlings are not classified

as abnormal. Hypocotyl stunting or curling also may be caused by

seedling orientation or constriction on or in the substratum.)

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots. (Roots of seedlings on ``Kimpak'' with insufficient

moisture may not become established and hypocotyl elongation may appear

to be abnormal. There may be curling of the root and hypocotyl. When a

number of seedlings are observed with this condition, the sample should

be retested.)

(v) Seedlings:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and

blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and

Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings

some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary

infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may

be advisable.)

(B) Albino.

(d) Peanut.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy.

(iii) Shoot system: The cotyledons are carried to the soil surface

by the hypocotyl which is very thick, narrowing abruptly at the root.

Elongation of the hypocotyl stops when the epicotyl is exposed to light

at the soil surface. The primary leaves are compound and usually expand

during the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.

Adventitious roots develop from the base of the hypocotyl if the

primary root is damaged.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing.

(B) Less than one primary leaf.

(D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed.

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened or curled. (Hypocotyls

remain somewhat thickened and may appear to be stunted. Light, depth of

planting, and substratum moisture all contribute to the length of the

hypocotyl. Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling

orientation or constriction in the substratum. Seedlings planted in a

soil test with the radicle too close to the surface may send roots

above the soil and appear to exhibit negative geotropism and a

distorted, U-shaped hypocotyl.

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of

primary infection.

(B) Albino.

(e) Alfalfa, alyceclover, Florida beggarweed, black medic,

burclovers, buttonclover, milkvetch, clovers, crotalarias, crownvetch,

guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lespedezas, northern sweetvetch, sainfoin,

sesbania, sourclover, sweetclovers, and trefoils.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(ii) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are small and fleshy; they

expand and become photosynthetic. The cotyledons of sub clover develop

elongated petioles.

(iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the

cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show

any development within the test period.

(iv) Root system: A long, tapering primary root, usually with root

hairs. Secondary roots may or may not develop within the test period,

depending on the kind.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledons:

(A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached. (Breaks at the point of attachment of the cotyledons to the

hypocotyl are common in seeds which have been mechanically damaged. It

is important that seedlings not be removed during preliminary counts

unless development is sufficient to allow the conditions of the

cotyledons to be determined. If the point of attachment of the

cotyledons cannot be seen at the end of the test, the seed coat should

be peeled back to determine whether a break has occurred.)

(B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are

intact.)

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(Seedlings of sainfoin which have been constricted by growing through

the netting of the pod, but which are otherwise normal, are classified

as normal.)

(iv) Root:

(A) None.

(B) Primary root stubby. (The roots of sweetclovers may be stubby

when grown on artificial substrata due to the presence of coumarin in

the seed; since this condition usually does not occur in soil, such

seedlings are classified as normal. Roots may appear stubby as a result

of being bound by the seed coat; such seedlings are classified as

normal. Crownvetch produces phytotoxic effects similar to

sweetclovers.)

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(B) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-7 Lily family, Liliaceae.

Kinds of seed: Asparagus, chives, leek, onion, and Welsh onion.

(a) Asparagus.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi- transparent, and

non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon. The endosperm surrounds

the entire embryo.

(iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon; following

germination, all but the basal end remains embedded in the endosperm to

absorb nutrients.

(iv) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal

bud above the soil surface. The epicotyl may bear several small scale

leaves. A short hypocotyl is barely distinguishable, joining the root

to the basal end of the cotyledon. More than one shoot may arise

simultaneously, and the seedling may be considered normal if at least

one shoot is well- developed and has a terminal growing point, provided

other essential structures are normal.

(v) Root system: A long slender primary root.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledon:

(A) Detached from seedling.

(B) Deep open cracks at basal end.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Missing.

(B) Terminal bud missing or damaged.

(D) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(E) Spindly.

(F) Watery.

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Deep open cracks.

(iv) Root:

(A) No primary root.

(B) Stubby primary root with weak secondary roots.

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(B) Albino.

(b) Chives, leek, onion, Welsh onion.

(1) General description.

(i) Germination habit: Epigeal monocot.

(ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and

non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon.

(iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon. The cotyledon

emerges with the seed coat and endosperm attached to the tip. A sharp

bend known as the ``knee'' forms; continued elongation of the cotyledon

on each side of this knee pushes it above the soil surface. The

cotyledon tip is pulled from the soil and straightens except for a

slight kink which remains at the site of the knee.

(iv) Shoot system: The first foliage leaf emerges through a slit

near the base of the cotyledon, but this does not usually occur during

the test period. The hypocotyl is a very short transitional zone

between the primary root and the cotyledon, and is not distinguishable

for purposes of seedling evaluation.

(v) Root system: A long slender primary root with adventitious

roots developing from the hypocotyl. The primary root does not develop

secondary roots.

(2) Abnormal seedling description.

(i) Cotyledon:

(A) Short and thick.

(B) Without a definite bend or ``knee''.

(ii) Epicotyl:

(A) Not observed during the test period.

(iii) Hypocotyl:

(A) Not evaluated.

(iv) Root:

(A) No primary root.

(B) Short, weak, or stubby primary root.

(v) Seedling:

(A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(B) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-8 Flax family, Linaceae.

Kind of seed: Flax.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot. (Due to the mucilaginous

nature of the seed coat, seedlings germinated on blotters may adhere to

the blotter and appear to be negatively geotropic.)

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become

photosynthetic.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually

developing within the test period.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-9 Mallow family, Malvaceae.

Kinds of seed: Cotton, kenaf, and okra.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are convoluted in the seed;

they expand and become thin, leaf-like, and photosynthetic.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may

develop on the hypocotyl in cotton.

(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually

developing within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may

develop on the root in cotton.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the

test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the

conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection. (A cotton seedling with yellowish areas on the

root or hypocotyl is classified as normal, provided the cotyledons are

free of infection.)

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-10 Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

Kind of seed: Castorbean.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are thin and leaf-like;

endosperm (fleshy food-storage organs) usually persisting in the

laboratory test.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl lengthens, carrying the cotyledons,

endosperm, and epicotyl above the soil surface.

(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually

developing within the test period.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Endosperm:

(i) Missing.

(3) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing.

(ii) Damaged or missing terminal bud.

(4) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(5) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(6) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-11 Knotweed family, Polygonaceae.

Kinds of seed: Buckwheat, rhubarb, and sorrel.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, starchy endosperm.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots developing

within the test period for some kinds.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the

conducting tissue.

(ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(iii) Watery.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

Sec. 201.56-12 Miscellaneous plant families.

Kinds of seed by family:

Carrot family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)--carrot, celery, celeriac,

dill, parsley, parsnip;

Hemp family, Cannabaceae--hemp;

Dichondra family, Dichondraceae--dichondra;

Geranium family, Geraniaceae--alfilaria;

Mint family, Lamiaceae (Labiatae)--sage, summer savory; benne

family, Pedaliaceae--sesame;

Rose family, Rosaceae--little burnet;

Nightshade family, Solanaceae--eggplant, tomato, husk tomato,

pepper, tobacco; and

Valerian family, Valerianaceae--cornsalad.

(a) General description.

(1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.

(2) Food reserves: Cotyledons; endosperm may or may not be present,

depending on the kind.

(3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates, carrying the cotyledons

above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any

development within the test period.

(4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may or may not

develop within the test period, depending on the kind.

(b) Abnormal seedling description.

(1) Cotyledons:

(i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining

attached.

(ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of

necrosis or decay.

(2) Epicotyl:

(i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are

intact.)

(3) Hypocotyl:

(i) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.

(ii) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

(iii) Watery.

(4) Root:

(i) None.

(ii) Missing or stubby primary root with weak secondary or

adventitious roots.

(5) Seedling:

(i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay

from primary infection.

(ii) Albino.

31. In Sec. 201.57a, paragraph (b) is revised and a new paragraph

Sec. 201.57a Dormant Seeds.

* * * * *

(b) The percentage of dormant seed, if present, shall be determined

in addition to the percentage of germination for the following kinds:

Bahiagrass, basin wildrye, big bluestem, little bluestem, sand

bluestem, yellow bluestem, bottlebrush-squirreltail, buffalograss,

buffelgrass, galletagrass, forage kochia, blue grama, side-oats grama,

Indian ricegrass, johnsongrass, sand lovegrass, weeping lovegrass,

mountain rye, sand dropseed, smilo, switchgrass, veldtgrass, western

wheatgrass, and yellow indiangrass.

than the result of method 1, subtract the result of method 2 from

method 1 and report the difference as the percentage of dormant seed.

Refer to Sec. 201.58(b)(7).

32. Section 201.58 is amended by revising the introductory text,

paragraphs (a)(5), (b)(1) through (b)(4), adding a new paragraph

(b)(7); revising paragraphs (b)(10), (b)(12), Table 2, and adding a new

paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec. 201.58 Substrata, temperature, duration of test, and certain

other specific directions for testing for germination and hard seed.

Specific germination requirements are set forth in table 2 to which

the following paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) are applicable.

* * * * *

(a) * * *

(5) Prechill. The term ``prechill'' means a cold, moist treatment

applied to seeds to overcome dormancy prior to the germination test.

The prechill method varies among kinds, but is usually performed by

holding imbibed seeds at a low temperature for a specified period of

time. The prechill period is not included in the duration of tests

given in table 2, unless otherwise specified.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(1) Alyceclover; swollen seeds. At the conclusion of the 21-day

test period, carefully pierce the seed coat with a sharp instrument and

continue the test for 5 additional days. Alternate method: The swollen

seeds may be placed at 20 deg. C for 48 hours and then at 35 deg. C for

3 additional days.

(2) Bahiagrass; removal of glumes. On all varieties except

``Pensacola,'' remove the enclosing structures (glumes, lemma, and

palea) from the caryopsis with the aid of a sharp scalpel. If the seed

is fresh or dormant, lightly scratch the surface of the caryopsis.

(3) Beet, Swiss chard; preparation of seed for test. Before the

seeds are placed on the germination substratum, they shall be soaked in

water for 2 hours, using at least 250 ml of water per 100 seeds, then

washed in running water and the excess water blotted off. The

temperature of the soaking and washing water should be no lower than

20 deg.C. Samples producing excessive discoloration of the hypocotyl or

root should be retested in soil or by washing in running water for 3

hours and testing on ``Kimpak,'' keeping the seed covered with slightly

moist blotters. Sugar beets may require 16 hours soaking in water at

25 deg.C, followed by rinsing and then drying for 2 hours at room

temperature.

(4) Buffelgrass; alternate method for dormant seed. The caryopses

shall be removed from the fascicles and placed on blotters moistened

with a 0.2 percent solution of KNO3, in petri dishes. The seeds

from a fascicle should be arranged so they will not be confused with

seeds from other fascicles during the test. The seeds are then

prechilled at 5 deg.C for 7 days and tested at 30 deg.C in light for 21

additional days. Firm ungerminated seeds remaining at the conclusion of

the test should be scratched lightly and left in test for 7 additional

days.

* * * * *

(7) Green needlegrass; two test methods as prescribed in table 2

shall be used on each sample:

(i) For method 1, acid scarify 400 seeds for 10 minutes in

concentrated sulfuric acid (95 to 98 percent H2SO4). Rinse

seeds and dry on blotters for 16 hours, then place seeds on blotters

moistened with a solution of 0.055 percent (500 ppm gibberellic acid

GA3) and 0.46 percent (3,000 ppm) thiram and germinate 14 days.

(ii) For method 2, plant 400 seeds on blotters moistened with a 0.2

percent solution of KNO3 and germinate 14 days. Refer to

Sec. 201.57a(c).

(iii) Report the results of method 2 as the percentage germination.

If the number in method 2 is less than method 1, subtract the results

of method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as dormant seed.

* * * * *

(10) Ryegrass; fluorescence test. The germination test for

fluorescence of ryegrass shall be conducted in light [not to exceed 100

foot candles (1,076 lux)] with white filter paper as the substratum.

The white filter paper should be nontoxic to the roots of ryegrass and

of a texture that will resist penetration of ryegrass roots. Distilled

or deionized water shall be used to moisten the filter paper. The test

shall be conducted in a manner that will prevent the contact of roots

of different seedlings. Roots of some seedlings produce fluorescent

lines on white filter paper when viewed under ultraviolet light. First

counts shall not be made before the eighth day; at that time remove

only normal fluorescent seedlings. Evaluation of fluorescence shall be

made under F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tubes in an area where

light from other sources is excluded. If there are over 75 percent

normal fluorescent seedlings present at the time of the first count,

break the contact of the roots of the nonfluorescent seedlings from the

substratum and reread the fluorescence at the time of the final count.

At the final count, lift each remaining seedling, observing the path of

each root since sometimes faint fluorescence will show on the

substratum as the root is lifted. Abnormal seedlings and dead seeds are

not evaluated for fluorescence. See Sec. 201.58a(a).

* * * * *

(12) Garden bean; use of calcium nitrate. If hypocotyl collar rot

is observed on seedlings, the sample involved shall be retested using a

0.3 to 0.6 percent solution of calcium nitrate (CaNO3) to moisten

the substratum.

* * * * *

(1) Germination tests on coated seed shall be conducted in

accordance with methods in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.

However, kinds for which soaking or washing is specified in paragraph

(b) shall not be soaked or washed in the case of coated seed.

(i) Coated seed units shall be placed on the substratum in the

condition in which they are received without rinsing, soaking, or any

other pretreatment.

(ii) Coated seed units in mixtures which are color coded or can

otherwise be separated by kinds shall be germinated as separate kinds

without removing the coating material.

(iii) Coated seed units in mixtures which cannot be separated by

kinds without removing the coating material shall be de-coated and

germinated as separate kinds. The coating material shall be removed in

a manner that will not affect the germination capacity of the seeds.

(2) The moisture level of the substratum is important. It may

depend on the water-absorbing capacity of the coating material. A

retest may be necessary before satisfactory germination of the sample

is achieved.

(3) Phytotoxic symptoms may be evident when germinating coated

seeds in paper substrata. In such cases a retest in sand or soil may be

necessary.

Table 2.--Germination Requirements for Indicated Kinds

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

First Final Additional directions

Name of seed Substrata Temperature ( deg.C) count count ----------------------------------------------------------------

days days Specific requirements Fresh and dormant seed

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AGRICULTURAL SEED

Agrotricum.................. B, T, S 20; 15................... 4 7 ............................ Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 5 days.

Alfalfa..................... B, T, S 20....................... 4 \1\7 See (b)(11)................

Alfilaria................... B, T 20-30.................... 3 14 Clip seeds..................

Alyceclover................. B, T 35....................... 4 \1\21 See (b)(1) for swollen

seeds.

Bahiagrass:

Var. Pensacola.......... P, S 20-35.................... 7 28 Light; see (b)(2)......... See Sec. 201.57a

All other vars.......... P 30-35.................... 3 21 Light; remove glumes; see Scratch caryopses; KNO3; see Sec.

(b)(2). 201.57a

Barley...................... B, T, S 20; 15................... 4 7 ............................ Prechill 5 days at 5 deg. or 10

deg.C or predry

Barrelclover................ B, T 20....................... 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; see

(b)(11).

Bean:

Adzuki.................. B, T, S 20-30.................... 4 \1\10

Field................... B, T, S, TC 20-30; 25................ 5 \1\8

Mung.................... B, T, S 20-30.................... 3 \1\7

Beet, field................. B, T, S 20-30.................... 3 14 See (b)(3).................

Beet, sugar................. B, T, S 20-30; 20................ 3 10 See (b)(3).................

Beggarweed, Florida......... B, T 30....................... 5 \1\28

Bentgrass:

Colonial................ P 15-30; 10-30; 15-25...... 7 28 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 7 days.

Creeping................ P 15-30; 10-30; 15-25...... 7 28 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 7 days.

Velvet.................. P 15-25; 20-30............. 7 21 Light; KNO3.................

Bermudagrass................ P 20-35.................... 7 21 Light; KNO3; see (a)(9)....

Bermudagrass, giant......... P 20-35.................... 7 21 Prechill at 10 deg.C for 7

Light; days and then test at 20-35

KNO3; deg.C; continue tests of

see hulled seed for 14 days and

(a)(9) of unhulled seed for 21

days.

Bluegrass:

Annual.................. P 20-30.................... 7 21 Light.......................

Bulbous................. P, S 10....................... 10 35 KNO3 or soil................ Prechill all samples at 5 deg.C

for 7 days.

Canada.................. P 15-25; 15-30............. 10 28 Light; KNO3................. 10-30 deg.C.

Glaucantha.............. P 15-25; 15-30............. 10 28 Light; KNO3.................

Kentucky................ P 15-25; 15-30............. 10 28 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 10 deg.C for 5 days.

Nevada.................. P 20-30.................... 7 21 Light; KNO3.................

Rough................... P 20-30.................... 7 21 Light.......................

Texas................... P 20-30.................... 7 28 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg.C for 2 weeks.

Wood.................... P 20-30.................... 7 28 Light.......................

Bluejoint................... TB, P 15-25.................... 10 21 Light and KNO3 optional..... Prechill at 5 deg.C for 5 days

Bluestem:

Big..................... P, TS 20-30.................... 7 14 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg.C for 2 weeks;

see Sec. 201.57a.

Little.................. P, TS 20-30.................... 7 14 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg.C for 2 weeks;

see Sec. 201.57a.

Sand.................... P, TS 20-30.................... 7 14 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg.C for 2 weeks;

see Sec. 201.57a.

Yellow.................. P, TS 20-30.................... 5 14 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg.C for 2 weeks;

see Sec. 201.57a.

Bottlebrush-squirreltail.... P, B 20; 15................... 10 14 ............................ See Sec. 201.57a.

Brome:

Field................... P, TB 15-25; 20-30............. 6 14 Light....................... Prechill at 10 deg.C for 5 days.

Meadow.................. B, T, TB 20-30.................... 6 14 Light optional..............

Mountain................ P 20-30.................... 6 14 Light.

Smooth.................. P, B, TB 20-30.................... 6 14 Light optional.............. Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 5 days, then test at 30

deg.C for 9 additional days.

Broomcorn................... B, T, S 20-30.................... 3 10

Buckwheat................... B, T 20-30.................... 3 6

Buffalograss:

(Burs).................. P, TB, TS 20-35.................... 7 28 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg.C for 6 weeks;

test 14 additional days; see

Sec. 201.57a.

(Caryopses)............. P 20-35.................... 5 14 Light; KNO3................. See Sec. 201.57a.

Buffelgrass................. S 30....................... 7 28 Light; press fascicles into See (b)(4); see Sec. 201.57a.

well-packed soil and

prechill at 5 deg.C for 7

days.

Burclover, California....... B, T 20....................... 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; see

(b)(11).

Burclover, spotted.......... B, T 20....................... 4 \1\14 Remove seeds from bur; see

(b)(11).

Burnet, littler............. B, T 15....................... 5 14

Buttonclover................ B, T 20....................... 4 \1\10 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Canarygrass................. B, T 20-30.................... 3 7

Canarygrass, reed........... P 20-30.................... 5 21 Light; KNO3.................

Carpetgrass................. P 20-35.................... 10 21 Light....................... KNO3.

Castorbean.................. T, S 20-30.................... 7 14 Remove caruncle if mold

interferes with test.

Chess, soft................. P 20-30.................... 7 14 Light....................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 7 days.

Chickpea.................... T,S 20-30.................... 3 \1\17

Clover:

Alsike.................. B, T, S 20....................... 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Arrowleaf............... B, T 20; 15................... 4 \1\14 See (b)(11)...............

Berseem................. B, T, S 20....................... 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Cluster................. B, T 20....................... 4 \1\10 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Crimson................. B, T, S 20....................... 4 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Kenya................... B, T, S 20....................... 3 17

Ladino.................. B, T, S 20....................... 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Lappa................... B, T 20....................... 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Large hop............... B, T 20....................... 4 \1\14 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Persian................. B, T 20....................... 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Red..................... B, T, S 20....................... 4 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Rose.................... B, T 20....................... 4 \1\10 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Small hop............... B, T 20....................... 4 \1\14 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Strawberry.............. B, T 20....................... 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Sub..................... B, T 20....................... 4 \1\14 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

White................... B, T, S 20....................... 3 \1\7 See (b)(11)............... 15 deg.C.

Corn:

Field................... B, T, S, TC 20-30; 25................ 4 7

Pop..................... B, T, S, TC 20-30; 25................ 4 7

Cotton...................... B, T, S 20-30; 30................ 4 \1\12 Test by alternate method; see

(b)(5).

Cowpea...................... B, T, S 20-30.................... 5 \1\8

Crambe...................... T 25....................... 3 7

Crested dogtail............. P 20-30.................... 10 21 Light....................... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 3 days.

Crotalaria:

Lance................... B, T, S 20-30.................... 4 \1\10

Showy................... B, T, S 20-30.................... 4 \1\10

Slenderleaf............. B, T, S 20-30.................... 4 \1\10

Striped................. B, T, S 20-30.................... 4 \1\10

Sunn.................... B, T, S 20-30.................... 4 \1\10

Crownvetch.................. B, T, S 20....................... 7 \1\14

Dallisgrass................. P 20-35.................... 7 21 Light; KNO3.................

Dichondra................... B, T 20-30.................... 7 \1\28

Drop seed, sand............. P 5-35; 15-35.............. 5 14 Light; KNO3................. Prechill at 5 deg.C for 4 weeks;

see Sec. 201.57a.

Emmer....................... B, T, S 20; 15................... 4 7 ............................ Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 5 days or predry.

Fescue:

Chewings................ P 15-25.................... 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional..... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 5 days.

Hair.................... P 10-25.................... 10 28 KNO3........................

Hard.................... P 15-25.................... 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional.....

Meadow.................. P 15-25; 20-30............. 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional.....

Red..................... P 15-25.................... 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional.....

Sheep................... P 15-25.................... 7 21 Light and KNO3 optional.....

Tall.................... P 15-25; 20-30............. 5 14 Light and KNO3 optional..... Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 deg.C

for 5 days and test for 21 days.

Flax........................ B, T, S 20-30.................... 3 7

Galletagrass................ P, B 20; 25; 20-30............ 4 10 ............................ See Sec. 201.57a

Grama:

Blue.................... P, TB 20-30.................... 7 14 Light....................... KNO3; see Sec. 201.57a.

Side-oats............... P 15-30.................... 7 14 Light; KNO3................. See Sec. 201.57a.

Guar........................ B, T, S 30; 20-30................ 5 \1\14

Guineagrass................. P 15-35.................... 10 28 Light; KNO3 optional........

Hardinggrass................ P 10-30.................... 7 28 Light....................... KNO3.

Alternate method........ P 15-25.................... 7 14 Light; presoak at 15 deg.C

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