National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations: Analytical Methods for Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants.

SUMMARY: EPA is promulgating the use of several new analytical methods

and updated versions of previously approved methods for a number of

regulated contaminants in drinking water. At the same time, the Agency

is withdrawing approval of outdated methods or outdated versions of the

same methods. The purpose of the rule is to approve new methods,

withdraw outdated methods, and update older methods for analysis of

regulated contaminants in drinking water. The rule is expected to

eliminate unnecessary duplication by withdrawing older versions of the

same method, and satisfy public requests for approval of new

technologies in drinking water analyses.

DATES: This final rule is effective on January 4, 1995. The

incorporation of the publications listed in this document are approved

by the Director of the Federal Register as of January 4, 1995.

ADDRESSES: Copies of the public comments received on the proposal,

EPA's responses, and all other supporting documents are available for

review at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Drinking

Water Docket, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460. For access to

the docket material, call (202) 260-3027 on Monday through Friday,

excluding Federal holidays, between 9:00 am and 3:30 pm Eastern Time

for an appointment.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Jitendra Saxena, Drinking Water

Standards Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (4603),

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington,

D.C. 20460, (202) 260-9579. General information may also be obtained

from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline. Callers within the United

States may reach the Hotline at (800) 426-4791. The Hotline is open

Monday through Friday, excluding Federal holidays, from 9:00 am to 5:30

pm Eastern Time.

For technical information regarding chemistry methods, contact

Richard Reding, Ph.D., Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (TSD),

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, telephone

(513) 569-7946, or Baldev Bathija, Ph.D., Office of Ground Water and

Drinking Water (MC-4603), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

Washington, D.C. 20460, telephone (202) 260-3040. For technical

questions regarding microbiology methods, contact Paul S. Berger,

Ph.D., Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (MC-4603), U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, telephone,

(202) 260-3039.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

EPA Regional Offices:

I JFK Federal Bldg., One Congress Street, 11th floor, Boston, MA

02203, Phone: (617)565-3610, Jerry Healey

II 26 Federal Plaza, Room 824, New York, NY 10278, Phone: (212) 264-

1800, Walter Andrews

III 841 Chestnut Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, Phone: (215) 597-

9873, Stuart Kerzner

IV 345 Courtland Street, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30365, Phone: (404) 347-

3633, Wayne Aronson

V 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60604, Phone: (312) 353-

2151, Ed Watters

VI 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, TX 75202, Phone: (214) 655-7150, Thomas

Love

VII 726 Minnesota Avenue,Kansas City, KS 66101,Phone: (913) 276-

7032, Ralph Langemeir

VIII One Denver Place, 999 18th Street, Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202-

2466, Phone: (303) 293-1652, Patrick Crotty

IX 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, Phone: (415) 744-

1817, William Thurston

X 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, Phone: (206) 553-4092,

Kenneth Feigner

Table of Contents

I. Statutory Authority

II. Regulatory Background

III. Explanation of Today's Action

IV. Response to Comments Received on the Proposed Rule and Notice of

Availability

V. Availability and Sources for Methods Information

VI. Regulation Assessment Requirements

VII. References

I. Statutory Authority

The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1986, requires

EPA to promulgate national primary drinking water regulations (NPDWRs)

which specify maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) or treatment techniques

for drinking water contaminants (42 U.S.C. 300g-1). NPDWRs apply to

public water systems (42 U.S.C. 300f(1)(A)). According to section

1401(1)(D) of the Act, NPDWRs include ``criteria and procedures to

assure a supply of drinking water which dependably complies with such

maximum contaminant levels; including quality control and testing

procedures. * * *'' In addition, Section 1445(a) of the Act authorizes

the Administrator to establish regulations for monitoring to assist in

determining whether persons are acting in compliance with the

requirements of the SDWA. EPA's promulgation of analytical methods is

authorized under these sections of the SDWA as well as the general

rulemaking authority in SDWA Section 1450(a) (42 U.S.C. 300j-9(a)).

II. Regulatory Background

EPA has promulgated analytical methods for all currently regulated

drinking water contaminants for which MCLs or monitoring requirements

have been promulgated. In most cases, the Agency has promulgated

regulations specifying (i.e., approving) use of more than one

analytical method for a contaminant, and laboratories may use any one

of them for determining compliance with an MCL or monitoring

requirement. After any regulation is published, EPA may amend the

regulations to approve additional methods, or modifications to approved

methods, or withdraw methods that become obsolete.

On December 15, 1993, EPA proposed to approve the use of several

new methods and modifications of existing methods that EPA believed

were as good as, or better than, current methods and procedures (58 FR

65622). The Agency also proposed to withdraw approval for outdated

methods or outdated versions of the same methods. In addition, EPA

published a Notice of Availability (NOA) (59 FR 35891) on July 14,

1994, to make available data from EPA's evaluation of several new

analytical methods, and to propose withdrawal of approval for several

outdated EPA methods. EPA requested public comments on the proposal and

on the NOA. Today's notice takes final action on the methods covered by

the proposal and the NOA.

III. Explanation of Today's Action

With a few minor exceptions, which are described below, the actions

described in the 1993 proposed rule and the 1994 NOA are approved in

today's rule. The coliform transit time will remain at 30 hours, and

the Agency will not require systems to hold samples at 10 deg.C during

transit. EPA will approve the Colisure test for simultaneously

determining the presence of total coliforms and E. coli.

In the July 1994 NOA, EPA described the new versions of EPA Methods

200.7, 200.8, 200.9, 245.1 (EPA, 1994a) and 504.1 (EPA, 1993d) that are

approved in today's rule. Mercury and sodium have been added to the

analytical scope of Methods 200.8 and 200.7, respectively. EPA is

approving EPA Method 508.1 (EPA, 1994c), which allows liquid-solid

extraction (LSE) procedures to be used under Method 508 conditions for

analysis of many analytes contained in EPA Methods 507 and 508. A minor

revision to dioxin method 1613 that allows use of LSE is approved.

Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene has been added to the analytical scope of

EPA Method 508.

Trimethylsilyldiazomethane may be used as an alternative

derivatizing reagent in Methods 515.1 and 515.2. EPA Methods 150.1,

150.2 and 515.1 are not withdrawn. Turbidity measurements of samples

need not be made immediately before beginning an analysis for metals;

it is only necessary that the sample be acidified and held for sixteen

hours. For EPA Method 531.1 (carbamates), samples no longer need to be

frozen, thereby eliminating the possibility of frozen samples breaking

the sample vial. Standard Method 6610 is approved as an alternative to

Method 531.1. Analysis for 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) with Method 1613, or

for asbestos with Method 100.1 or 100.2 can be simplified by using the

guidance contained in the EPA document, Technical Notes on Drinking

Water Methods (EPA, 1994d).

Technical Notes contains mandatory and optional procedures that

will be cited in the drinking water regulations.

EPA is also correcting minor errors in the 1993 proposal. An

erroneous listing of USGS methods I-2822-85 and I-2823-85 for sulfate,

and ASTM D2036-91A for cyanide are removed in today's rule. The ASTM

method had been listed twice in the table of approved methods. A

typographical error occurred in listing the USGS method for silver and

the ASTM method for chloride. The correct listings are USGS I-3720-85

(silver) and ASTM D4327-91 (chloride).

The effective date for all actions in this rule, except withdrawal

of obsolete methods, is January 4, 1995. The withdrawal date for

obsolete methods is July 1, 1996 (or 18 months from publication,

whichever is later), which is a year later than proposed. After this

date, EPA's manual ``Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and

Wastes'' (EPA, 1983a) will contain only three approved drinking water

methods--Methods 150.1, 150.2, and 245.2. To spare new laboratories the

expense of purchasing this manual, EPA will provide single copies of

these methods to users who do not have a copy of the 1983 manual. For

the convenience of readers and for clarity of the rules, methods that

are withdrawn will be specified only by tabulating them in the

document, Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods (EPA, 1994d), and

in the next revision of the Manual for the Certification of

Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water (EPA, 1990b).

IV. Response to Comments Received on the Proposed Rule and Notice

of Availability

EPA received 136 comments on the December 15, 1993, proposal; 92

comments were related to chemical-analytical methods and 79 comments

were related to the methods associated with the coliform and surface

water treatment rules. The Agency received twenty comments on the July

14, 1994, Notice of Availability. The commenters included analytical

laboratories, water utilities, analytical instrument manufacturers,

State and local regulators, and trade associations.

A summary of major comments and the Agency's response to the issues

raised are presented in this section. The Agency's detailed response to

the comments received on the 1993 proposed rule and the 1994 NOA is

available in the public docket for this rule (EPA, 1994e).

A. New Methods

Comment on the ten new methods was favorable. These methods, EPA

methods 100.2, 551, 552.1, 555, Standard Methods 4500-Cl-E, 4500-Cl-H,

4500-Cl-I, 4500-O3-B, 4500-ClO2-E and Great Lakes Instruments

Method 2 were described in the 1993 proposal. Specific public comments

on some of the methods are answered below.

EPA Method 100.2 (asbestos) Four comments contained several

suggestions and criticisms. Method 100.2 has been editorially revised

to reflect the comments. These changes, however, do not affect the

performance, cost or applicability of the method. One commenter asked

EPA to approve SM 2570 for asbestos, which was published in a 1994

supplement to the eighteenth edition of Standard Methods (APHA, 1994).

EPA does not approve SM 2570 for asbestos in today's rule, because this

method differs in significant ways from Method 100.2. For example, SM

2570 uses a larger pore filter (0.45 micron) to trap asbestos fibers,

while EPA method 100.2 uses a 0.22 micron filter. The commenter did not

provide any data comparing asbestos trapping efficiency of these two

filters, whereas EPA has data (EPA, 1994e) to show that larger pore-

size filters trap fewer asbestos fibers in drinking water samples.

Method 552.1 A commenter asked that the sodium hydroxide rinse in

Method 552.1 be optional, because the rinse is not compatible with

their LSE product. Method 552.1 was developed and validated with ion

exchange cartridges to take advantage of the special chemical

properties of dalapon and the other acids covered by the method. To

efficiently extract the acids the ion exchange resin must be activated

with a sodium hydroxide rinse. Sorbent conditioning and elution steps,

which are specified in Method 552.1 or any LSE method, cannot be

modified or eliminated to accommodate the support material. Thus, EPA

will not allow the sodium hydroxide rinse in Method 552.1 to be

optional, because EPA has received no data to support the commenter's

request to make the rinse optional.

The same commenter asked for a more generic definition of LSE media

in Method 552.1 and in other LSE methods. The commenter believes EPA is

unnecessarily narrowing the choice of LSE disks and cartridges. EPA

does not believe LSE methods are overly restrictive in allowing use of

alternative LSE disks or cartridges. However, EPA believes that

additional guidance to help users correctly choose alternative LSE

media without compromising the reliability of the analysis would be

useful. The guidance is summarized below and will be published in

Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods (EPA, 1994d). The guidance is

applicable to all LSE methods and supersedes the phrase ``or

equivalent'' that is used in some methods to describe selection of

alternative LSE cartridges or disks.

Liquid-solid extraction is performed using various sorbents that

are either packed into a cartridge or enmeshed in a disk of inert

support material. EPA methods describe the cartridge or disk that was

used to develop the LSE procedure, and to produce the data which is

published in the method. If a product is mentioned in the methods, it

is for information purposes only. EPA believes various LSE cartridges

and disks may be used, provided they meet all quality control

requirements of the method, and provided they contain a sorbent that

uses the same physicochemical principles as the cartridge or disk that

is described in the approved LSE method. To demonstrate that

alternative LSE cartridges and disks meet all quality control criteria,

the analyst must be aware of the chemistry of the method. For example,

in evaluating Method 552.1 the recovery of the free acid (not a

chemical derivative) from the water sample must be tested with the

alternative LSE cartridge or disk.

In judging LSE disk media, both the sorbent and the support must be

evaluated. In the case of sorbents, similarities in polarity are not

sufficient. For example, a C18-Silica sorbent may not perform the

same as a styrene divinylbenzene copolymer sorbent. Thus, these

sorbents would not be considered to be equivalent. In judging supports,

any physical support used to hold the sorbent is acceptable provided

the support is inert and compatible with the solutions or solvents

required in the conditioning and elution steps of the method. However,

any sorbent conditioning or elution steps, which are specified in the

method must not be modified or eliminated to accommodate the support

material.

EPA Method 555 Several commenters noted that the method detection

limits (MDLs) for some analytes were greater than MDLs in the

alternative method (EPA Method 515.1), or were too high to meet

monitoring triggers, which are specified at 40 CFR 141.24(h)(18). Thus,

they questioned whether Method 555 was a suitable alternative to Method

515.2. EPA believes commenters mistakenly looked at MDLs in Table 2 of

Method 555, which shows the results of spikes at 10 ppb. However,

spikes at 0.5 ppb (Table 5 in the method) resulted in MDLs that are

equivalent to Method 515.1 MDLs, and these MDLs have been validated in

a second laboratory (EPA, 1992a). EPA also notes that monitoring

triggers for several organic contaminants, including Method 555

analytes, may be amended in a future rulemaking (EPA, 1993b, 1994f).

Great Lakes Instruments (GLI) Method 2 (turbidity) Some commenters

objected to the method because it is vendor and instrument-specific.

EPA generally develops and approves methods that are not vendor-

specific. Users are not limited to the GLI method; generic methods SM

2130B and EPA 180.1 are approved for turbidity. However, under the

Alternative Test Procedures (ATP) program EPA has approved vendor-

specific methods or products as alternatives to approved methods (53 FR

5142, February 19, 1988). GLI Method 2 was evaluated under EPA's ATP

program and recommended for approval as an alternative method. EPA

realizes GLI is the source of copies of GLI Method 2, which is a factor

a laboratory choosing to adopt this method must consider.

Some commenters believed the GLI method should be approved as a

version of an international procedure, ISO 7027. The ISO procedure

measures turbidity via either 90 deg. scattered or transmitted light

depending on concentration. Although instruments conforming to ISO 7027

specifications are similar to the GLI instrument, only the GLI

instrument uses pulsed, multiple detectors to simultaneously read both

90 deg. scattered and transmitted light. EPA has received no data on

the ISO 7027 use of separate 90 deg. scattered or transmitted light

measurements to judge equivalency to other approved turbidity methods.

SM 4500-Cl-E, Low Level Amperometric Titration A commenter noted a

typographical error in a calculation in SM 4500-Cl-E, which the

Standard Methods Committee has agreed to correct. In approving SM 4500-

Cl-E, EPA will print the correct formula for SM 4500-Cl-E in Technical

Notes on Drinking Water Methods (EPA, 1994d). The Standard Methods

Committee will publish a correction to this method in the next (19th)

edition of Standard Methods (Eaton, 1993a).

SM 6610 (APHA, 1994) A commenter asked to approve this method as

an alternative to EPA Method 531.1. EPA aided the development of this

method, which was published in 1994 in a supplement to the eighteenth

edition of Standard Methods. EPA agrees with the commenter, and will

approve SM6610 for analysis of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb

sulfoxide, carbaryl, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, methomyl, and

oxamyl.

EPA Method 1613, Revision B, dioxin (EPA, 1994i) EPA was asked to

replace the approved Revision A of Method 1613 with Revision B. EPA

agrees with the suggestion. As with Revision A, users can greatly

simplify use of Revision B of Method 1613 when only 2,3,7,8-

tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is to be determined in

drinking water samples by using procedures described in Technical Notes

on Drinking Water Methods (EPA, 1994d).

EPA proposed Revision A of Method 1613 for the monitoring of

several chlorinated dioxins and furans under the Clean Water Act on

February 7, 1991 (56 FR 5090), and approved it only for measurement of

2,3,7,8-TCDD under the Safe Drinking Water Act on July 17, 1992 (57 FR

31803). In response to comments on the 1991 proposal, EPA developed

Revision B. The only technical changes made in Revision B that affect

determination of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in drinking water matrices are (1) slight

changes in performance specifications based on the compilation of data

from interlaboratory and other studies, (2) additional language

intended to provide analysts with increased flexibility to use liquid

solid extraction procedures, and (3) further clarification of the

documentation required when analysts employ the flexibility provided in

the method to use alternate techniques not explicitly described in the

method.

B. Expanded Scope for Already Approved Methods

Comments on expanding the analytical scope of these five methods

were favorable. These methods, EPA Methods 200.8, 200.9, 300.0, SM

4110B, and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method

D4327-91, were discussed in the 1993 proposal or the 1994 NOA. Specific

comments requesting that approved methods cover additional analytes are

described and answered below.

A commenter asked EPA to expand the scope of Method 200.8 to

include additional metals that are not currently regulated by EPA.

While EPA encourages laboratories to use any approved method for all

contaminants that are within the analytical scope of the method, EPA

can only approve a method for contaminants that are regulated. One

commenter asked why Method 200.9 did not include the secondary drinking

water contaminant, zinc. EPA believes analysis of zinc with Method

200.9 is impractical, because the instrument and procedure used are

very sensitive to small amounts of lead. The analysis is subject to

random contamination, and the concentration range of zinc that can be

reliably measured is too narrow to be of use with typical drinking

water samples. EPA recommends more suitable methods (EPA 200.7, 200.9,

SM 3120B and SM 3111B) for measurement of zinc in drinking water

samples.

Commenters were concerned about expanding the scope of the ion

chromatography methods to include fluoride. They believed that EPA did

not have data to show that interference problems would not preclude use

of ion chromatography for the analysis of fluoride in drinking water

samples. EPA's 1990 study (Bionetics) which involved participation of

seventeen laboratories demonstrated that fluoride can be reliably

measured in drinking water samples with ion chromatography. Thus, EPA

has no hesitation in approving the three proposed ion chromatography

methods for the analysis of fluoride in drinking water.

C. Updated Methods

Comment on updating earlier versions of six methods to the current

versions was favorable. These methods, EPA Methods 504.1, 515.2, 524.2,

525.2, 548.1 and 549.1, were discussed in the 1993 proposal or the 1994

NOA. Problems were reported by a commenter with the use of

trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSD) for derivatization of the analytes in

Methods 515.1 and 515.2. The commenter suggested that EPA also allow

the use of diazomethane for this purpose. EPA agrees with the commenter

and, as discussed in the 1993 proposal, EPA allows use of either

derivatizing reagent. However, because dalapon is not adequately

derivatized by TMSD, the use of TMSD in Method 515.1 is not approved

for analysis of dalapon. Procedures for using TMSD with Methods 515.1

and 515.2 are described in the document Technical Notes on Drinking

Water Methods (EPA, 1994d).

D. Updates to Methods by Reference to Most Recent Manual

Comments were favorable on approving versions of previously

approved methods that are now contained in the eighteenth edition of

Standard Methods (APHA, 1992) and in five new EPA manuals (EPA, 1994a,

1991, 1990a, 1992b and 1993a). These publications were described and

discussed in the 1993 proposal or the 1994 NOA. Questions or requests

from commenters about some of the methods contained in these

publications are described and answered below.

1994 EPA Metals Manual (EPA, 1994a) Three commenters asked to add

other regulated metals to the scope of Method 200.7, because use of a

new axial configured inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission

spectroscopy (AES) instrument improves the sensitivity of the method to

the required regulatory limits. EPA will not approve this request in

today's rule, because Method 200.7 as written allows use of other types

of ICP/AES instruments that cannot meet the regulatory limits for the

additional metals. To extend the scope of Method 200.7 as suggested by

the commenters would require either a formal ATP approval (EPA, 1993c),

or publication of a new AES method that allowed only instruments with

an axial configuration.

1991 Organic Methods Manual (EPA, 1991) One commenter requested a

change in the scope of EPA Method 505 because of the detection limits

for some method analytes. These changes included withdrawal of

alachlor, atrazine and simazine, and addition of toxaphene. EPA is

evaluating the detection limits in several methods. When this

evaluation is complete, EPA may propose to withdraw approval of methods

or modify the scope of methods, such as Method 505. In the interim, EPA

does not agree that the scope of Method 505 should be changed to

withdraw alachlor, atrazine and simazine. However, EPA agrees that

analysis for these nitrogen-containing compounds may require use of a

nitrogen-phosphorous detector (NPD) rather than the electron capture

detector (ECD). Today's rule specifies that an NPD should be

substituted for the ECD in Method 505 (or another approved method

should be used) to determine alachlor, atrazine and simazine, if lower

detection limits are required.

EPA agrees with the comment about toxaphene. In today's rule EPA is

correcting an omission in the 1993 proposal by continuing to approve

Method 505 for toxaphene. However, EPA notes that the Method 505 MDL

for toxaphene is very close to the MCL. To improve the sensitivity of

the analysis analysts may wish to use Method 508 for toxaphene and

other Method 505 analytes for which use of an NPD will not improve the

sensitivity. Method 508 is very similar to Method 505 except that the

MDLs are lower, because a larger sample volume is extracted.

MCL compliance determination for PCBs requires that EPA method 505

or 508 be used as a screen for PCBs as Aroclors prior to quantitation

as decachlorobiphenyl by EPA Method 508A. Three commenters requested

that EPA switch the sequence of compliance methods for PCBs, i.e., use

Method 508A to screen and Method 505 or 508 to quantify PCBs. The

suggested change in the sequence of compliance methods is beyond the

scope of this rule since it would require amending the MCL compliance

determination sequence in 40 CFR 141.24(h)(13)(i)-(iii). Only Method

508A can measure decachlorobiphenyl, and Sec. 141.24(h)(13)(ii)

specifically requires ``using Method 508A to quantify PCBs as

decachlorobiphenyl''.

It was suggested by a commenter that EPA include hexachloro-

cyclopentadiene (HCP) in the scope of EPA Method 508. EPA agrees with

the commenter, and will allow measurement of HCP with EPA Method 508.

However, the analyst must show that the analyte recoveries and other

criteria, which are specified for HCP in Section 9 of Method 508.1 are

achieved using Method 508 procedures. This option will be described in

the document, Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods (EPA, 1994d).

1993 EPA Inorganic Methods Manual (EPA, 1993a) A commenter asked

what the differences were between Method 335.3 and the updated version,

Method 335.4, since both versions require manual distillation of the

sample to prepare it for measurement of cyanide. The technical

differences between these methods are minor. EPA improved the

automation of procedures in Method 335.4, and added the option to use a

labor-saving distillation procedure. The distillation option is

described in Method 335.4, and it is approved and described for other

spectrophotometric methods in Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods

(EPA, 1994d).

Two commenters objected to replacement of Method 335.3 with 335.4.

The objection appeared to be based on the mistaken belief that Method

335.4 requires a manual distillation of the sample to prepare it for

measurement of cyanide and that the earlier version, Method 335.3, did

not. EPA has never allowed spectrophotometric measurements of cyanide

in water samples without manual distillation of the sample using SM

4500-CN-C (cf. 40 CFR 136.3, Table 1B; 59 FR 4507, January 31, 1994;

and 57 FR 31839, July 17, 1992). Commenters may have been misled by a

discussion in Method 335.3 of an alternate ultraviolet (UV) digestion

procedure that does not require manual distillation. EPA has never

approved this optional UV procedure for compliance measurements of

cyanide, because EPA has no data to show that UV digestion would not

provide inaccurate results that underestimate the level of

contamination. To avoid manual distillation of the sample, laboratories

may use a selective electrode method for cyanide.

EPA notes that the ``amenable'' spectrophotometric methods, ASTM

D2036-91B and SM 4500-CN-G, also require distillation prior to either

free or total cyanide measurements. To further clarify EPA's intent to

require manual distillation for all spectrophotometric determinations

of cyanide, these methods will be listed at 40 CFR 141.23(k) in today's

rule under the phrase ``Manual distillation followed by''. Immediately

following this phrase, the rules specify use of SM 4500-CN-C to conduct

this distillation.

Microbiological Methods

The vast majority of comments on the eighteenth edition version of

microbiology methods concerned the maximum time between sample

collection and analysis (transit time) of drinking water samples.

Commenters opposed reducing this time from 30 hours (16th edition of

Standard Methods) to 24 hours (18th edition of Standard Methods). The

Standard Methods committee reduced the transit time because of its

concern about coliform die-off in the sample over time. Commenters

opposed reducing the time because it would (1) be logistically

impractical if not impossible to do, (2) increase costs for sample

transport and resampling, (3) cause hardships in sample collection, and

(4) complicate and decrease laboratory flexibility. A few commenters

claimed that the reduced transit time is not supported by data.

Coliforms usually die off over time, especially when water

temperatures are warm, but EPA recognizes that there is debate among

investigators over the rate of that decline. EPA is currently

conducting additional studies on this question, using fecal coliforms

and E. coli, and results are anticipated by the end of 1994. Given the

logistical and other problems that might result by decreasing the

transit time to 24 hours, EPA is deferring a decision on whether to

reduce the transit time until more data become available. For the time

being, the Agency has added a footnote to the Table in

Sec. 141.21(f)(3), allowing a maximum transit time of 30 hours. If EPA

decides that a reduction from 30 hours is warranted, the Agency will

work with the States to minimize the hardships identified in the public

comments. Meanwhile, EPA strongly encourages States and systems to

review their procedures and identify practical alternatives for

providing samples to laboratories more quickly.

Other commenters objected to the requirement in the 18th edition of

Standard Methods to hold samples at less than 10 deg.C during transit.

The Standard Methods committee specified this value because of its

concern about coliform die-off in the sample at higher temperatures,

where the bacterial metabolism of coliforms and non-coliforms alike is

normally greater.

Commenters objected to any EPA requirement that would require them

to keep samples cool during sample transit. They asserted that this

requirement would (1) be unnecessary and would complicate sample

transport logistics, (2) increase sampling costs and shipping costs for

both systems and laboratories, because coolers and ice packs cost money

and samples are heavier and thus more expensive to ship, and (3) lead

to problems with frozen samples or a significantly increased number of

invalid samples. Commenters also stated that under the presence-absence

concept, sample cooling was less important than under the earlier rule

based on coliform density.

EPA is deferring a decision on sample transit temperature until the

Agency initiates a review, and possible revision, of the Total Coliform

Rule. For the time being, the Agency has added a footnote to the Table

in Sec. 141.21(f)(3) encouraging, but not requiring, systems to hold

samples at less than 10 deg.C during transit. Nevertheless, the Agency

strongly encourages systems to cool their samples during transit,

especially during warm summer months, to minimize coliform die-off. The

Agency is currently conducting additional studies on this question,

using fecal coliforms and E. coli, and results are anticipated by the

end of 1994. If EPA decides that a reduction is warranted, the Agency

will work with the States to minimize the hardships identified in the

public comments.

EPA is also approving a new method, the Colisure test, for

simultaneously determining the presence of total coliforms and E. coli,

both of which must be monitored under the Total Coliform Rule (40 CFR

141.21). Data supporting the use of this method was presented in the

notice of July 14, 1994 (NOA).

Most commenters supported approval of the Colisure test, but

several raised questions about the test, primarily concerning the

incubation time. They cited the Broadway et al. (1992) data that

indicated that only 64% and 69% of the bottles were total coliform-

positive and E. coli-positive, respectively, after 24 hours compared to

the 48-hour results. According to the Broadway et al. data, 85% and 88%

of the bottles were total coliform-positive and E. coli-positive,

respectively, after 28 hours compared to the 48-hour results.

EPA agrees with the commenters who contended that 24 hours of

incubation was insufficient for the Colisure test. The Agency, however,

believes that the recovery rate after 28 hours is reasonable, and will

approve the Colisure test as a 28-hour test. Moreover, based on

additional data from the product manufacturer showing that the false-

positive rate after 48 hours is small, EPA will allow laboratories to

hold the test up to 48 hours before observing results.

Chemical Methods

There were only minor comments on the proposal to update chemistry

methods to the versions contained in the 18th edition of Standard

Methods. The 18th edition versions contain no or minor changes to

earlier versions, and EPA received no comments to document specific

hardships in converting to 18th edition chemical methods. Several

commenters noted that, although thallium is not in the scope of SM

3113B, EPA erroneously approved SM 3113B for thallium (57 FR 31840,

July 17, 1992). EPA agrees and will delete this approval in today's

rule.

A commenter noted that the 18th edition version of SM 4500-Cl-G

omits instructions that would allow measurement of total residual

chlorine in drinking water samples using a colorimetric method. The

Standard Methods Committee has written (Eaton, 1993b) that an editorial

omission, not a technical change, occurred in recent versions of SM

4500-Cl-G. The error will be corrected in the next (19th) edition of

Standard Methods. EPA corrects the error today by describing the

omitted instructions in Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods (EPA,

1994d).

E. Methods To Be Withdrawn and Replaced

General Comments Received on Withdrawal of Methods

One commenter suggested that all methods carry a ``draft'' status

for three years after publication; other commenters asked EPA to

approve new methods more quickly. It would defeat EPA's intent to

provide modern technology quickly, if a method had to be published,

proposed, and then kept in draft status for three years. EPA balances

this problem by allowing optional use of old or new methods during a

transitional period, which in the case of this rule extends to July 1,

1996 (or 18 months after publication, whichever is later).

Several commenters believed EPA was eliminating, or intended to

eliminate, all autoanalyzer or colorimetric methods. This is incorrect;

EPA is replacing only obsolete methods with equivalent ASTM, EPA and

Standard Methods. EPA is not eliminating colorimetric or autoanalyzer

technology for any regulated contaminant, except arsenic. Evidence of

EPA's intent is in the 1993 methods manual (EPA, 1993a), which updated

colorimetric methods for cyanide (335.4), nitrite and nitrate (353.2),

and sulfate (375.2). EPA has and continues to approve autoanalyzer and

colorimetric ASTM and Standard Methods for cyanide, fluoride, nitrite,

nitrate and sulfate.

Some commenters stated that changing from EPA methods to equivalent

Standard Methods and ASTM methods would be very time-consuming and

expensive, but provided no specific information to support this

statement. EPA is withdrawing methods that are incomplete and often

require users to rely on the equivalent ASTM or Standard Methods. Thus

the change, in many cases, has already taken place. In other cases,

there are very minor differences between the withdrawn and the

replacement methods. EPA notes that laboratories may continue to use a

withdrawn method for other than compliance monitoring samples. EPA's

actions in today's rule save laboratories money, because they need only

support one version of an ASTM, EPA, or Standard Method. Prior to this

rule, laboratories were required to use methods in the 14th, 16th,

17th, and 18th editions of Standard Methods, and at least two different

versions of EPA Methods 200.7 and 524.2.

EPA received numerous comments requesting an extension of the

withdrawal date for analytical methods. The suggested dates ranged from

July 1, 1995, to July 1, 2000. Based on these comments, EPA will extend

the methods withdrawal date from July 1, 1995, to July 1, 1996 (or 18

months from publication, whichever is later), which is beyond the

withdrawal date suggested by most commenters. New methods or new

versions of current methods will be approved within 30 days of

publication of the rule. This overlap in approval dates for new methods

and withdrawal of obsolete methods will give laboratories sufficient

time to become certified with the new methods.

Comments on Withdrawal of Specific Methods

Packed-Column EPA Methods Commenters generally favored withdrawal

of packed column methods for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and

trihalomethanes (THMs), and replacing them with technologically

advanced capillary column methods. Additional costs incurred in

supporting older, obsolete methods until EPA withdraws these methods,

and the suitability of capillary columns to handle the increasing

number of regulated contaminants were cited as reasons for supporting

withdrawal. The July 1, 1995, withdrawal date may be too early, as

pointed out by some commenters. EPA will extend the date to July 1,

1996 (or 18 months from publication, whichever is later), to give

laboratories more time to plan an orderly transition to capillary

column methods.

Some commenters asked EPA for continuation of the use of packed-

column methods, if they meet current regulatory requirements. EPA feels

that packed-column methods have many drawbacks. For example, the cis

and trans dichloroethene isomers cannot be separated with the packed-

columns specified for VOC analysis (Lyter, 1994). Such separation

problems with packed-column methods have limited EPA's ability to

prepare samples for EPA's laboratory performance evaluation (PE)

program. To accommodate packed-column methods, separate PE samples are

prepared for THMs and VOCs to minimize THM and VOC interferences that

users of packed column EPA methods will experience. If only capillary

columns are approved, EPA will have more latitude to mix VOCs and THMs

in PE samples to better test laboratories with concentrations and

mixtures of THMs and VOCs, as might realistically occur in drinking

waters. EPA notes that laboratories may continue to use packed column

methods for other than compliance monitoring analyses, such as routine

plant operation or source evaluation samples.

A commenter asked why EPA proposed to withdraw THM Methods 501.1

and 501.2 in the 1993 proposal, but subsequently proposed to continue

approval of these packed column methods in the Information Collection

Rule (ICR) (59 FR 6354 and 6413-6414, February 10, 1994). In today's

rule, EPA is clarifying why and how Methods 501.1 and 501.2 can and

should be withdrawn without affecting analytical needs that were

described in the ICR proposal. In the ICR, EPA proposed Methods 501.1

and 501.2 only because ICR data must be gathered quickly to support

pending disinfectant byproduct control regulations. To support these

regulations, EPA proposed to conduct THM monitoring at a limited number

of PWS for eighteen months beginning in 1995. Since this data must be

collected by laboratories certified to conduct THM analyses, it could

be a hardship to revoke the certification of laboratories now using

Methods 501.1 and 501.2. EPA notes that EPA also proposed and

encouraged laboratories to use one of the capillary column methods (EPA

Methods 502.2, 524.2 and 551) to conduct THM monitoring for the ICR.

And in a subsequent disinfection byproduct rule (59 FR 38668, July 29,

1994) EPA proposed only capillary methods for THM compliance monitoring

(59 FR 38821).

As explained in the 1993 proposal and in the 1992 THM methods rule

(58 FR 41344, August 3, 1993), EPA intends to and will withdraw packed

column methods for THM and VOC compliance analysis. To accommodate the

special and immediate information collection needs of the ICR, EPA is

deferring withdrawal of packed column Methods 501.1 and 501.2 until

July 1, 1996 (or 18 months after publication, whichever is later). This

date is expected to be after the beginning of the proposed ICR

monitoring period. When the ICR rule is promulgated, certification

under Methods 501.1 and 501.2 will be granted such that the withdrawal

date will not impede collection of THM data for the ICR.

Colorimetric Methods for Arsenic--A commenter requested that EPA

not withdraw colorimetric methods for arsenic. Because the detection

limits of these methods are very near the MCL for arsenic, colorimetric

measurements do not provide a reliable indication of variability of, or

trends in, ambient concentrations of arsenic in the water supply when

these concentrations are less than the MCL. EPA believes the detection

limit deficiency warrants withdrawal of colorimetric methods for

arsenic.

In addition, since EPA approves other methods that measure all

twelve regulated metals, including arsenic, it is not cost-effective to

measure arsenic separately with a colorimetric method. The cost of a

complete, broad-spectrum metals analysis by atomic absorption or ICP is

not reduced if arsenic is not included. And EPA knows of no situation

where arsenic is the only metal to be determined in a compliance

sample. EPA believes that there is no scientific reason or economic

need for a colorimetric method that only measures arsenic. However, EPA

notes that withdrawal of these methods does not preclude their use for

other than compliance monitoring samples.

EPA Methods 208.2 and 354.1--A commenter asked EPA to replace EPA

Methods 208.2 (barium) and 354.1 (nitrite) with the equivalent methods

SM 3113B and SM 4500-NO2-B, which are published in the 18th

edition of Standard Methods (APHA, 1992). EPA agrees and will withdraw

Methods 208.2 and 354.1, since equivalent methods using the same

equipment and procedures are approved.

EPA Method 340.2 (fluoride)--Commenters expressed concern that

withdrawal of this ion-selective electrode method will require use of

EPA Method 300.0, which requires purchase of an ion chromatograph. This

is incorrect; only the EPA ion-selective electrode method will be

withdrawn. The ASTM and SM methods, which use the same equipment as the

EPA method, are approved for fluoride compliance determinations.

Hydrazine Methods for Nitrate and Nitrite--A commenter agreed with

EPA's withdrawal of hydrazine method 353.1, stating that the method is

obsolete. The commenter, however, wanted EPA to make available at least

one hydrazine method for nitrite and nitrate by approving SM 4500-

NO3-H. EPA is withdrawing Method 353.1 because hydrazine is

carcinogenic and toxic, and creates a significant hazardous waste

disposal problem. SM 4500-NO3-H has the same problems and,

therefore, cannot be approved. EPA believes users of hydrazine methods

will be able to convert easily to the approved cadmium reduction

methods for nitrate and nitrite by changing their reagent from

hydrazine to cadmium when their supply of hydrazine is depleted. The

cadmium methods, which have been approved for nitrate and nitrite since

1991, use the same equipment as the hydrazine methods.

Flame AA for metals--Three commenters requested that flame atomic

absorption (AA) and graphite furnace methods not be withdrawn. EPA has

not withdrawn flame AA and graphite furnace methods published by ASTM

or Standard Methods; only the obsolete EPA versions of these methods

are withdrawn.

Direct Aspiration Flame AA Methods--Some commenters wanted EPA to

expand the scope of these methods to include metals other than barium

and nickel. EPA cannot expand the scope, because the methods are not

sensitive enough to measure metals other than barium and nickel.

Method 515.1--EPA received many comments requesting that this

method not be withdrawn, primarily for two reasons. First, neither

proposed replacement method, 552.1 or 515.2, covers all of the

regulated chemicals that are in Method 515.1. Secondly, the new dalapon

method (552.1) requires significantly different equipment, procedures

and skills than Method 515.1. Four commenters agreed with EPA's

proposal to withdraw Method 515.1, because a combination of Methods

515.2 and 552.1 meets their regulatory needs. EPA agrees with the

majority of commenters and will not withdraw Method 515.1.

Methods for Secondary Contaminants--Some commenters believed that

delisting a secondary contaminant method precludes its use for other

than compliance monitoring samples. This is not correct; EPA does not

certify laboratories for secondary monitoring, and EPA only recommends

methods for secondary contaminants. Unless State requirements provide

otherwise, laboratories may use methods other than those cited at 40

CFR 143.4(b) for measurement of secondary contaminants.

EPA Method 245.2 (mercury)--EPA was asked to withdraw this method,

which is an automated, cold vapor method for mercury. EPA cannot

withdraw this method because there is no other equivalent version of

the method. Because EPA does not have enough information to assess the

effect that withdrawal of Method 245.2 would have, it is deferring a

decision on withdrawal.

EPA Methods 150.1, 150.2 (pH)--In the 1994 NOA, EPA proposed to

replace these methods with equivalent ASTM and Standard Methods for pH.

A commenter noted that the EPA methods are easier to use under field

conditions. The commenter indicated that since many pH measurements are

made in the field at the point of sample collection, withdrawal of the

EPA methods would pose a significant hardship. EPA agrees with the

commenter, and will not withdraw these methods until ASTM or Standard

Methods pH methods are simplified for field use.

F. Miscellaneous

Reformat Listing of Methods in 40 CFR Parts 141 and 143--Commenters

have asked EPA to improve the organization and clarity of the drinking

water regulations. Commenters have criticized the organization of the

rules, and noted difficulty in obtaining copies of drinking water

regulations. They need the regulations, because they contain tables and

lists of approved methods, and because mandatory method instructions

are included in the text of the rules and in footnotes to the tables of

methods. These instructions are not contained in the approved methods,

because they were developed after the method was published. In today's

rule, EPA is minimizing the use of footnotes and lengthy technical

instructions in drinking water rules. EPA is accomplishing this by

including these instructions in the document Technical Notes on

Drinking Water Methods (EPA, 1994d). This EPA publication contains

mandatory procedures, clarifications and helpful options, such as

guidance on more efficient ways to conduct asbestos and dioxin

compliance measurements. EPA will place these instructions in the

affected method when the method is revised and published. EPA intends

to use this document to publish future method corrections or

modifications (after notice and comment in the Federal Register as

necessary). EPA believes Technical Notes will be easier for users to

obtain, read and photocopy than the tables of approved methods in the

drinking water rules. Incorporating Technical Notes on Drinking Water

Methods by reference in the rule has the effect of making its

provisions as mandatory as those in the approved drinking water

methods.

EPA is improving the clarity of the rules by consolidating listings

of analytical methods. Analytical methods for THMs have been moved from

Sec. 141.30 to Sec. 141.24(e). Appendix C of Sec. 141.30, which

contained THM Methods 501.1 and 501.2, is withdrawn immediately, but

the methods may be used for compliance monitoring under Sec. 141.30

until July 1, 1996 (or 18 months from publication, whichever is later).

And analytical methods formerly specified for lead, copper, and

corrosivity at 40 CFR 141.89(a) and sodium at Sec. 141.41(d) are now

listed with other inorganic methods at Sec. 141.23(k)(1). EPA notes

that although sodium was removed from the list of 83 contaminants

included in the 1986 amendments to the SDWA (53 FR 26487), the

provisions at Sec. 141.41 still obtain.

Specifications for Continuous Chlorine Monitoring Methods--

Commenters favored the proposed specification for continuous chlorine

monitoring measurements to be based on calibration with an approved

grab sample method. Two commenters asked EPA to extend the calibration

period to seven days. EPA has no data to support such an extension.

However, the EPA protocol for continuous chlorine monitoring allows a

laboratory to use an alternative protocol, if it is approved by the

State. EPA believes it is prudent for States to monitor and approve

changes to the EPA protocol, such as those suggested by commenters. The

protocol approved in today's rule is specified at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2),

and allows States to grant variations, including certain changes in the

chemistry of the method.

Allow Interchange of Detectors in EPA Methods 505, 507, 508--

Commenters favored this proposal. Two commenters noted that data with

alternative detectors must be verified, and were concerned about poor

ECD response of some nitrogen-containing compounds. EPA agrees that

data must be verified when changing detectors, and that the results for

all chemicals in Methods 505, 507 or 508 may not meet quality control

requirements when an alternative detector is used. This is why Section

6.8.3 of Methods 507 and 508, and Section 10.4 of Methods 505, 507 and

508 allow alternative detectors only if the initial demonstration of

capability criteria in Section 10 of each method is met by the

alternative detector.

One commenter wanted to allow use of other detectors with EPA

Method 504. EPA cannot approve this request, because EPA has no data to

justify use of alternative detectors in Methods 504 or 504.1, which use

an electron capture detector (ECD). The ECD has been the only detector

capable of routinely measuring EDB and DBCP at the required parts-per-

trillion concentrations (56 FR 3550, January 30, 1991).

Guidance on Preserving Samples--A commenter asked that biocide

procedures be dropped from the VOC methods, because EPA has dropped

mercuric chloride as a biocide in synthetic organic chemical (SOC)

methods. EPA dropped mercuric chloride from SOC methods, because EPA

has no data to show that biodegradation of a regulated SOC occurs in a

typical drinking water sample, and because mercuric chloride is toxic

and a hazardous waste. However, EPA has data to show degradation (EPA,

1994e) in samples collected for measurement of VOCs. The biocide

procedures required in the VOC methods require some combination of

chilling, rapid transit and analysis, or acidification. None of these

procedures pose health or waste disposal problems that compare with the

problems associated with preservation using mercuric chloride.

Therefore, EPA continues to require use of a biocide in VOC methods.

Liquid-Solid Extraction (LSE) in EPA Methods 507 and 508--Some

commenters believed more data were needed before EPA allowed use of LSE

in Methods 507 and 508; EPA agrees. EPA stated in the December proposal

that ``the Agency regards this proposed modification as tentative and

will base a final decision on whether to approve on public comment and

additional EPA performance data.'' After studying this option and

developing additional data (EPA, 1994e), EPA has decided not to add LSE

as an option in Methods 507 and 508, because EPA does not have data to

support use of this technique for all of the chemicals in the methods.

As an alternative, EPA has developed and is approving Method 508.1

(EPA, 1994c). Method 508.1 uses the procedures and the electron capture

detector that are used in Method 508, and it allows use of LSE. The

scope of Method 508.1 covers many of the Method 507 and 508 analytes

that are subject to regulated or unregulated contaminant monitoring

requirements, but it does not include butachlor, PCBs or toxaphene. In

today's rule EPA will approve Method 508.1 for measurement of alachlor,

atrazine, chlordane, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide,

hexachloro-benzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane, methoxychlor,

and simazine, which are regulated SOCs. It is also approved for aldrin,

dieldrin, metolachlor, metribuzin, and propachlor, which are

unregulated SOCs.

Methods for Other Contaminants--In the 1993 proposal EPA provided

guidance to systems that wish to measure chemicals that are not

regulated, and need advice on what method to use. The guidance stated

that ``although EPA approves methods only for contaminants regulated

under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Agency encourages laboratories

to use these methods for other contaminants if the method description

specifically includes these contaminants.'' One commenter mistakenly

believed that this eliminates the use of other methods or techniques,

such as test kits. Although EPA encourages laboratories to save money

by using a compliance method to measure all chemicals of interest that

are in the analytical scope of the method, this does not preclude

systems from using other methods, including test kits, for samples

other than compliance monitoring samples.

EPA cautions users to carefully evaluate the performance of a

method when using it for samples other than compliance monitoring

samples or for contaminants not regulated under the SDWA. For example,

EDB and DBCP appear in the scope of EPA Methods 504.1, 502.2, 524.2 and

551. However, Methods 502.2 and 524.2 are not approved for compliance

analyses, because they do not have the sensitivity to measure

compliance with the EDB and DBCP MCLs.

Methods Approval Process--Several commenters believe that the

process of proposing and approving methods or method modifications will

always be too slow to accommodate the technical and certification needs

of the laboratory community. To solve this problem, commenters asked

EPA to specify performance criteria in drinking water rules, or in the

approved methods. The purpose of this would be to allow laboratories to

use any analytical method, provided it met the mandatory criteria. EPA

agrees that the present methods approval system is slow. To solve this

problem, EPA and other organizations are seeking to consolidate methods

across regulatory programs and media, and to write generic method

performance criteria (EPA, 1994g). A performance-based method system,

as suggested by commenters, might be part of the final solution. There

are two groups working on this problem. The groups are the

Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring, and EPA's Environmental

Monitoring Management Council. A recommendation of these groups may be

for EPA to propose a new method approval and method-writing protocol.

The protocol would be designed to expedite approval of drinking water

method modifications while maintaining the degree of control needed to

ensure effective enforcement of drinking water regulations.

Field and Test Kits--Two commenters noted an omission in the rule

text in the 1993 proposal that appears to eliminate an important

option. This option allows States to approve use of DPD colorimetric

test kits for measurement of chlorine residuals. EPA did not intend to

eliminate this option, and agrees the wording in the 1993 proposal (58

FR 65631) may be misleading. Today's rule clearly allows use of the DPD

kits, provided the State also approves use of the kits. This option is

specified at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).

A commenter asked EPA to approve field kits for pH, and methods for

continuous monitoring of pH and residual chlorine. EPA does not need to

approve field methods for pH because currently, analysis with an

approved pH method may be conducted in the field or in the laboratory.

Regarding continuous monitoring methods, in today's rule, EPA provides

criteria for continuous monitoring of chlorine residuals (40 CFR

141.74(a)(2)). Since EPA does not require continuous pH monitoring, EPA

does not approve or disapprove methods for continuous measurement of

pH.

Turbidity--A commenter asked that turbidity measurements, which are

specified in the drinking water regulations, be waived if no

particulate or cloudiness is visible to the analyst. The present

requirement is that turbidity be measured in all samples, and that

digestion be performed if the turbidity is one NTU or greater. EPA

cannot waive turbidity measurements on samples that appear to be clear,

because samples with turbidity of up to three NTU can appear clear to

the unaided eye.

Corrosivity--One commenter noted the proposed rule made no

reference to updating the methods for corrosivity in 40 CFR 141.42(c).

These methods were published in 1980 and 1982 (45 FR 57346, August 27,

1980 and 47 FR 10999, March 12, 1982). In the Lead and Copper Rule (56

FR 26460, June 7, 1991), EPA agreed that corrosion control strategies

could be developed or evaluated by measuring alkalinity and other

parameters (56 FR 26489 and 26496). However, the Lead and Copper Rule

did not update or specify use of the methods in 40 CFR 141.42(c).

Instead, more current methods were specified in 40 CFR 141.89(a) (56 FR

26509-26510). In today's rule, EPA eliminates possible confusion

between the requirements in 40 CFR 141.89 and 141.42 by removing

subparagraphs 40 CFR 141.42(a)-(c).

New Technologies--Comments were received asking the Agency to

evaluate and develop methods based on new technologies, such as

bioassay, ELISA, and capillary electrophoresis. The Agency continues to

incorporate new technologies in methods, and appreciates the many

articles that were sent to draw attention to new technologies. In the

last twenty years, the Agency has aided the development of the mass

spectrometer into a powerful and routine analytical instrument. With

suggestions from the laboratory community (56 FR 3550, January 30,

1991), the Agency moved from packed to capillary column gas

chromatographic technology, and expects to adopt innovative procedures

and instruments in future methods.

In the 1993 proposal, EPA invited public suggestions that EPA might

consider approving in this rule or in a later rulemaking. This

invitation was not meant to imply that new methods or method

modifications submitted as suggestions would or could bypass

requirements that are specified at 40 CFR 141.27. Some commenters

expressed interest in having their method or instrumentation included

in EPA-approved methods. EPA suggests that these commenters submit

their data to EPA's Alternative Test Procedures (ATP) program for

evaluation. A method or instrument can be considered for approval by

EPA after it has received a favorable evaluation under the ATP program.

A protocol for submitting ATP data is available from EPA (EPA, 1993c).

V. Availability and Sources for Methods Information

Commenters requested help in obtaining copies of analytical methods

cited in drinking water rules. Sources of all approved methods are

contained in the References section of this rule. These methods are

available for review but not distribution at the EPA Drinking Water

Docket (MC 4101), 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460. For access to

the docket material, please call (202) 260-3027 between 9 am and 3:30

pm, EST, Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays. EPA only

stocks or distributes copies of methods published by EPA. All other

methods must be obtained from the publisher. Sources (with addresses)

for all approved methods are cited at 40 CFR Parts 141 and 143, and in

the References section of today's rule. Most EPA methods and the

document, Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods, may be purchased

from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department

of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. The toll-free

number is: (800) 553-6847, local: (703) 487-4650. Refer to the drinking

water rules or the References section of this rule to obtain the NTIS

order number and purchase information, or contact the Safe Drinking

Water hotline. The hotline operates from 9 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. EST,

Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays. The toll-free number

is (800) 426-4791. EPA Methods 504.1, 508.1 and 525.2 are not published

in an NTIS manual. These methods may be obtained directly from EPA,

Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268; the

phone number is (513) 569-7586. Since Methods 150.1 (pH), 150.2 (pH)

and 245.2 (mercury) are published in ``Methods for Chemical Analysis of

Water and Wastes'' (EPA, 1983a), owners of this EPA manual do not need

to reorder these methods.

EPA believes most laboratories will need only the more recently

published or approved methods that are listed in today's rule. These

methods (or manuals) are as follows. Technical Notes on Drinking Water

Methods, October 1994, NTIS PB95-104766; EPA Method 508.1,

``Determination of Chlorinated Pesticides, Herbicides, and

Organohalides in Water Using Liquid-Solid Extraction and Electron

Capture Gas Chromatography'', October 1994; EPA Method 100.2,

``Determination of Asbestos Structures over 10m in Length in

Drinking Water'', June 1994, NTIS PB94- 201902; ``Methods for the

Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples--Supplement I'', May

1994, NTIS PB94-184942; EPA Method 525.2, ``Determination of Organic

Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction in Capillary

Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry'', March 1994; EPA Method

504.1, ``1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB), 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP),

and 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (123TCP) in Water by Microextraction and Gas

Chromatography'', 1993; ``Methods for the Determination of Inorganic

Substances in Environmental Samples'', August 1993, NTIS PB91-231498;

``Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking

Water--Supplement II,'' August 1992, NTIS PB92- 207703; Standard

Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 18th Edition

Supplement, 1994; Colisure, Millipore Corp., 1994; and GLI Method 2,

``Turbidity'', Great Lakes Instruments, Inc., November 2, 1992.

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) annually

reprints all of the methods contained in the Annual Book of ASTM

Methods, even methods that have not been editorially or technically

revised. Thus, it is permissible to use any edition that contains the

EPA-approved version of the compliance method. EPA notes that Orion

Method 601 ``Standard Method of Test for Nitrate in Drinking Water'',

which is equivalent to SM 4500-NO3-D (APHA, 1992), is

identical to Orion Method WeWWG/5880. Method WeWWG/5880 is approved for

nitrate analysis. ATI Orion republished the method in 1994 and

renumbered it as 601, because the 1985 manual ``Orion Guide to Water

and Wastewater Analysis'', which contained WeWWG/5880, is no longer

available. In today's rule EPA cites WeWWG/5880 as 601 at 40 CFR

141.23(k)(1).

VI. Regulation Assessment Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866

Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the

Agency must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant''

and therefore subject to OMB review and the requirements of the

Executive Order. The Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as

one that is likely to result in a rule that may:

(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more,

or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the

economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public

health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or

communities;

(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an

action taken or planned by another agency;

(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,

user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients

thereof; or

(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal

mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in

the Executive Order.

It has been determined that this rule is not a ``significant

regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is

therefore not subject to OMB review.

B. Regulatory Flexibility Act

The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires EPA to explicitly consider

the effect of these regulations on small entities. By policy, EPA has

decided to consider regulatory alternatives if there is any economic

impact on any number of small entities.

This rule is consistent with the objectives of the Regulatory

Flexibility Act because it will not have any economic impact on any

small entities. This rule specifies analytical methods that

laboratories must use for testing regulated drinking water

contaminants. Monitoring requirements were promulgated in earlier

notices. The rule would require laboratories to use the most recent

version of a method and imposes no additional requirements. It is

actually expected to reduce cost of analysis by eliminating current

requirements to use different versions of the same method, and by

allowing more contaminants to be analyzed simultaneously by using a

single method. Therefore, the Agency believes that this notice would

have no adverse effect on any number of small entities.

C. Paperwork Reduction Act

The rule contains no requests for information and consequently is

not subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.

D. Science Advisory Board, National Drinking Water Advisory Council,

and Secretary of Health and Human Services

In accordance with section 1412(d) and (e) of the SDWA, the Agency

consulted with the Science Advisory Board, the National Drinking Water

Advisory Council, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services on

this action and took their comments into account.

VII. References

APHA. 1992. Eighteenth edition of Standard Methods for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992, American Public Health

Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.

APHA. 1994. Method 6610 ``Carbamate Pesticides'' in Standard Methods

for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th Edition

Supplement, 1994, American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth

Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. APHA.

ASTM. 1994. Annual Book of ASTM Methods, 1994, Vol. 11.01 and 11.02,

American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street,

Philadelphia, PA 19103.

Bionetics. Report from Kenneth W. Edgell, et al., ``Determination of

Inorganic Anions in Water by Ion Chromatography: Collaborative

Study'', Bionetics Corp., 16 Triangle Park Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio

45246, 1991.

Broadway, S., B. Pyle, G. McFeters. 1992. Final report of

equivalency testing for Colisure. Montana State University, Bozeman,

MT.

Eaton. 1993a. Letter from Andrew D. Eaton, Standard Methods

Committee, ``Error in 4500-Cl E'', American Public Health

Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, June

4, 1993.

Eaton. 1993b. Letter from Andrew D. Eaton, Standard Methods

Committee, ``Inquiry on Chlorine Residual 4500-Cl (18th Edition)'',

American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW,

Washington, D.C. 20005, October 26, 1993.

EPA. 1974. Method 245.2, ``Mercury, Automated Cold Vapor

Technique'', EPA, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory,

Cincinnati, OH 45268, 1974. Also contained in reference EPA, 1983a.

EPA. 1978. Method 150.1, ``pH, Electrometric'', EPA, Environmental

Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, 1978. Also

contained in reference EPA, 1983a.

EPA. 1982. Method 150.2, ``pH Continuous Monitoring, Electro-

metric'', EPA, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory,

Cincinnati, OH 45268, December 1982. Also contained in reference

EPA, 1983a.

EPA. 1983a. ``Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes'',

EPA, March 1983, NTIS PB84-128677.

EPA. 1983b. Method 100.1, ``Analytical Method for the Determination

of Asbestos Fibers in Water'', September 1983, NTIS PB83-260471.

EPA. 1990a. ``Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in

Drinking Water--Supplement I'', July 1990, NTIS PB91-146027.

EPA. 1990b. Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing

Drinking Water, Third Edition, Office of Water Resource Center (RC-

4100), 401 M. Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, EPA 570-9-90-008,

April 1990.

EPA. 1991. ``Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in

Drinking Water'', December 1988, revised July 1991, NTIS PB91-

231480.

EPA. 1992a. Memorandum from Richard L. Carr, ``Second Laboratory

Validation of Method 555'', December 10, 1992, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency.

EPA. 1992b. ``Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in

Drinking Water--Supplement II,'' August 1992, NTIS PB92-207703.

EPA. 1993a. ``Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances

in Environmental Samples'', August 1993, NTIS PB94-121811.

EPA. 1993b. Memorandum from James R. Elder, ``Detection Limits in

Compliance Monitoring'', December 16, 1993, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency.

EPA. 1993c. ``Protocol for Nationwide Approval of New or Revised

Methods'', Rev. 1.4, EPA, Environmental Monitoring Systems

Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, July 14, 1993.

EPA. 1993d. Method 504.1, ``1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB), 1,2-Dibromo-3-

chloropropane (DBCP), and 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (123TCP) in Water

by Microextraction and Gas Chromatography'', EPA, Environmental

Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, 1993.

EPA. 1994a. ``Methods for the Determination of Metals in

Environmental Samples--Supplement I'', May 1994, NTIS PB94-184942.

EPA. 1994b. Method 525.2, Rev. 1.0, ``Determination of Organic

Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction in Capillary

Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry'', EPA, Environmental

Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, March 1994.

EPA. 1994c. Method 508.1, Rev. 1.0, ``Determination of Chlorinated

Pesticides, Herbicides, and Organohalides by Liquid-Solid Extraction

and Electron Capture Gas Chromatography'', EPA, Environmental

Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, 1994.

EPA. 1994d. Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-600/R-94-

173, October 1994, NTIS PB95-104766.

EPA. 1994e. ``Response to Comments on December 15, 1993, Analytical

Methods Proposal, 58 FR 65622'', Office of Water Docket (MC 4601),

401 M. St. S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, October 1994.

EPA. 1994f. Memorandum from Mary Ann Feige, et al., ``Detection

Limits in the Regulations'', March 11, 1994, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency.

EPA. 1994g. Memorandum from Robert M. Sussman, ``EMMC Activities'',

May 13, 1994, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

EPA. 1994h. Method 100.2, ``Determination of Asbestos Structures

over 10m in Length in Drinking Water'', June 1994, NTIS

PB94-201902.

EPA. 1994i. Method 1613: ``Tetra-through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins

and Furans by Isotope-Dilution HRGC/HRMS'', October 1994, NTIS PB95-

104774.

Great Lakes. GLI Method 2, ``Turbidity'', Great Lakes Instruments,

Inc., 8855 North 55th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53223, November 2, 1992.

Lyter. Letter from P. Ted Lyter, Dept. of Environmental Resources,

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, P.O. Box 1467, Harrisburg, PA 17105-

1467, January 12, 1994.

Millipore. ``Waters Test Method for Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate

in Water Using Single Column Ion Chromatography'', Method B-1011,

Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography Division, 34 Maple

Street, Milford, MA 01757.

Millipore. 1994. Colisure Presence/Absence Test for Detection and

Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia coli in Drinking

Water. February 28, 1994. Millipore Corp., Technical Services

Department, 80 Ashby Road, Bedford, MA 01730.

Orion. Technical Bulletin 601, ``Standard Method of Test for Nitrate

in Drinking Water'', PN 221890-001, ATI Orion, 529 Main Street,

Boston, MA 02129, July 1994.

Technicon. 1972. Industrial Method No. 129-71W, ``Fluoride in Water

and Wastewater'', Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY 10591,

December 1972.

Technicon. 1989. Method No. 380-75WE, ``Fluoride in Water and

Wastewater'', Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY 10591,

February 1976.

USGS. 1989. Methods I-3720-85, I-3300-85, I-1030-85, I-1601-85, I-

2598-85, I-1700-85 and I-2700-85 in Techniques of Water Resources

Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A-1,

3rd ed., U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open File Reports

Section, Box 25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0425, 1989.

USGS. 1993. Method I-2601-90 in Methods of Analysis by the U.S.

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination

of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial

Sediments, Open File Report 93-125, U.S. Geological Survey, Books

and Open File Reports Section, Box 25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO

80225-0425, 1993.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 141

Environmental Protection, Chemicals, Incorporation by reference,

Intergovernmental relations, Water supply.

40 CFR Part 143

Chemicals, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations,

Water supply.

Dated: November 25, 1994.

Carol M. Browner,

Administrator.

For the reasons set out in the preamble, parts 141 and 143 of title

40, Code of Federal Regulations, are amended as follows:

PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

1. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as

follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2 300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-

5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9.

2. Section 141.21 is amended by revising paragraph (f)(3), removing

and reserving (f)(4), revising the next to last sentence of (f)(5),

revising the second sentence of (f)(6)(i), revising the second sentence

of (f)(6)(ii), Adding (F)(6)(iv), and adding a new sentence as the next

to last sentence in (f)(8) to read as follows:

Sec. 141.21 Coliform sampling.

* * * * *

(f) * * *

(3) Public water systems must conduct total coliform analyses in

accordance with one of the analytical methods in the following table.

These methods are contained in the 18th edition of Standard Methods for

the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992, American Public Health

Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20005. A

description of the Colisure Test may be obtained from the Millipore

Corporation, Technical Services Department, 80 Ashby Road, Bedford, MA

01730. The toll-free phone number is (800) 645-5476.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Organism Methodology Citation

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total Coliforms1.......... Total Coliform 9221A, B.

Fermentation

Technique2,3,4.

Total Coliform Membrane 9222A, B, C.

Filter Technique.

Presence-Absence (P-A) 9221D.

Coliform Test4,5.

ONPG-MUG Test6............ 9223.

Colisure Test7............

------------------------------------------------------------------------

\1\The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis may not

exceed 30 hours.

\2\Lactose broth, as commercially available, may be used in lieu of

lauryl tryptose broth, if the system conducts at least 25 parallel

tests between this medium and lauryl tryptose broth using the water

normally tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-

positive rate for total coliforms, using lactose broth, is less than

10 percent.

\3\If inverted tubes are used to detect gas production, the media should

cover these tubes at least one-half to two-thirds after the sample is

added.

\4\No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all

total coliform-positive confirmed tubes.

\5\Six-times formulation strength may be used if the medium is filter-

sterilized rather than autoclaved.

\6\The ONPG-MUG Test is also known as the Autoanalysis Colilert System.

\7\The Colisure Test must be incubated for 28 hours before examining the

results. If an examination of the results at 28 hours is not

convenient, then results may be examined at any time between 28 hours

and 48 hours.

(4) [Reserved]

(5) * * * The preparation of EC medium is described in the 18th

edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater, 1992, Method 9221E--p. 9-52, paragraph 1a. * * *

(6) * * *

(i) * * * EC medium is described in the 18th edition of Standard

Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992, Method

9221E--p. 9-52, paragraph 1a. * * *

(ii) * * * Nutrient Agar is described in the 18th edition of

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992, p.

9-47 to 9-48.

(iii) * * *

(iv) The Colisure Test. A description of the Colisure Test may be

obtained from the Millipore Corporation, Technical Services Department,

80 Ashby Road, Bedford, MA 01730.

* * * * *

(8) * * * A description of the Colisure Test may be obtained from

the Millipore Corp., Technical Services Department, 80 Ashby Road,

Bedford, MA 01730. * * *

* * * * *

3. Section 141.22(a) is amended by removing the next to last

sentence and revising the last sentence to read as follows:

Sec. 141.22 Turbidity sampling and analytical requirements.

* * * * *

(a) * * * Turbidity measurements shall be made as directed in

Sec. 141.74(a)(1).

* * * * *

4. Section 141.23 is amended by removing paragraph (k)(2) and

redesignating paragraph (k)(4) as (k)(2), by removing paragraph (k)(3)

and redesignating paragraph (k)(5) as (k)(3), by removing and reserving

paragraph (q), and revising paragraph (k)(1) to read as follows:

Sec. 141.23 Inorganic chemical sampling and analytical requirements.

* * * * *

(k) * * *

(1) Analysis for the following contaminants shall be conducted in

accordance with the methods in the following Table, or their equivalent

as determined by EPA. Criteria for analyzing arsenic, barium,

beryllium, cadmium, calcium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium,

sodium, and thallium with digestion or directly without digestion, and

other analytical test procedures are contained in Technical Notes on

Drinking Water Methods, EPA-600/R-94-173, October 1994. This document

also contains approved analytical test methods which remain available

for compliance monitoring until July 1, 1996. These methods will not be

available for use after July 1, 1996. This document is available from

the National Technical Information Service, NTIS PB95-104766, U.S.

Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia

22161. The toll-free number is 800-553-6847.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Contaminant Methodology EPA ASTM\3\ SM\4\ Other

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Antimony............ ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Hydride-Atomic ........... D-3697-92

Absorption.

Atomic \2\200.9

Absorption;

Platform.

Atomic ........... .................... 3113B...............

Absorption;

Furnace.

Arsenic............. Inductively \2\200.7 .................... 3120B...............

Coupled Plasma.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

Absorption;

Platform.

Atomic ........... D-2972-93C 3113B...............

Absorption;

Furnace.

Hydride Atomic ........... D-2972-93B 3114B...............

Absorption.

Asbestos............ Transmission \9\100.1

Electron

Microscopy.

Transmission \10\100.2

Electron

Microscopy.

Barium.............. Inductively \2\200.7 .................... 3120B...............

Coupled Plasma.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Atomic ........... .................... 3111D...............

Absorption;

Direct.

Atomic ........... .................... 3113B...............

Absorption;

Furnace.

Beryllium........... Inductively \2\200.7 .................... 3120B...............

Coupled Plasma.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

Absorption;

Platform.

Atomic ........... D-3645-93B 3113B...............

Absorption;

Furnace.

Cadmium............. Inductively \2\200.7

Coupled Plasma.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

Absorption;

Platform.

Atomic ........... .................... 3113B...............

Absorption;

Furnace.

Chromium............ Inductively \2\200.7 .................... 3120B...............

Coupled Plasma.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

Absorption;

Platform.

Atomic ........... .................... 3113B...............

Absorption;

Furnace.

Cyanide............. Manual ........... .................... 4500-CN-C...........

Distillation

followed by.

Spectrophotomet ........... D2036-91B 4500CN-G............

ric, Amenable.

Spectrophotomet ........... D2036-91A 4500-CN-E........... \5\I-3300-85

ric Manual.

Semi-automated. \6\335.4

Selective ........... .................... 4500CN-F............

Electrode.

Fluoride............ Ion \6\300.0 D4327-91 4110B...............

Chromatography.

Manual ........... .................... 4500F-B,D...........

Distill.;

Color. SPADNS.

Manual ........... D1179-93B 4500F-C.............

Electrode.

Automated ........... .................... .................... \11\380-75WE

Electrode.

Automated ........... .................... 4500F-E............. \11\129-71W

Alizarin.

Mercury............. Manual, Cold \2\245.1 D3223-91 3112B...............

Vapor.

Automated, Cold \1\245.2

Vapor.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Nickel.............. Inductively \2\200.7 .................... 3120B...............

Coupled Plasma.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

Absorption;

Platform.

Atomic ........... .................... 3111B...............

Absorption;

Direct.

Atomic ........... .................... 3113B...............

Absorption;

Furnace.

Nitrate............. Ion \6\300.0 D4327-91 4110B............... \8\B-1011

Chromatography.

Automated \6\353.2 D3867-90A 4500-NO3-F..........

Cadmium

Reduction.

Ion Selective ........... .................... 4500-NO3-D.......... \7\601

Electrode.

Manual Cadmium ........... D3867-90B 4500-NO3-E..........

Reduction.

Nitrite............. Ion \6\300.0 D4327-91 4110B............... \8\B-1011

Chromatography.

Automated \6\353.2 D3867-90A 4500-NO3-F..........

Cadmium

Reduction.

Manual Cadmium ........... D3867-90B 4500-NO3-E..........

Reduction.

Spectrophotomet ........... .................... 4500-NO2-B..........

ric.

Selenium............ Hydride-Atomic ........... D3859-93A 3114B...............

Absorption.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

Absorption;

Platform.

Atomic ........... D3859-93B 3113B...............

Absorption;

Furnace.

Thallium............ ICP-Mass \2\200.8

Spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

Absorption;

Platform.

Lead................ Atomic ........... D3559-90D 3113B...............

absorption;

furnace.

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

absorption;

platform.

Copper.............. Atomic ........... D1688-90C 3113B...............

absorption;

furnace.

Atomic ........... D1688-90A 3111B...............

absorption;

direct

aspiration.

ICP............ \2\200.7 .................... 3120B...............

ICP-Mass \2\200.8

spectrometry.

Atomic \2\200.9

absorption;

platform.

pH.................. Electrometric.. \1\150.1 D1293-84 4500-H+-B...........

............... \1\150.2

Conductivity........ Conductance.... ........... D1125-91A 2510B...............

Calcium............. EDTA ........... D511-93A 3500-Ca-D...........

titrimetric.

Atomic ........... D511-93B 3111B...............

absorption;

direct

aspiration.

Inductively- \2\200.7 .................... 3120B...............

coupled plasma.

Alkalinity.......... Titrimetric.... ........... D1067-92B 2320B...............

Electrometric ........... .................... .................... \5\I-1030-85

titration.

Orthophosphate\12\.. Colorimetric, \6\365.1 .................... 4500-P-F............

automated,

ascorbic acid.

Colorimetric, ........... D515-88A 4500-P-E............

ascorbic acid,

single reagent.

Colorimetric, ........... .................... .................... \5\I-1601-85

phosphomolybda

te;.

automated- ........... .................... .................... \5\I-2601-90

segmented

flow;.

automated ........... .................... .................... \5\I-2598-85

discrete.

Ion \6\300.0 D4327-91 4110................

Chromatography.

Silica.............. Colorimetric, ........... .................... .................... \5\I-1700-85

molybdate

blue;.

automated- ........... .................... .................... \5\I-2700-85

segmented flow.

Colorimetric... ........... D859-88

Molybdosilicate ........... .................... 4500-Si-D...........

Heteropoly blue ........... .................... 4500-Si-E...........

Automated ........... .................... 4500-Si-F...........

method for

molybdate-

reactive

silica.

Inductively- \2\200.7 .................... 3120B...............

coupled plasma.

Temperature......... Thermometric... ........... .................... 2550B...............

Sodium.............. Inductively- \2\200.7

coupled plasma.

Atomic ........... .................... 3111B...............

Absorption;

direct

aspiration.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Footnotes:

\1\Methods 150.1, 150.2 and 245.2 are available from US EPA, EMSL, Cincinnati, OH 45268. The identical methods

were formerly in ``Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes'', EPA-600/4-79-020, March 1983, which is

available at NTIS, PB84-128677.

\2\``Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples--Supplement I'', EPA-600/R-94-111, May

1994. Available at NTIS, PB 94-184942.

\3\The procedures shall be done in accordance with the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, Vols. 11.01 and

11.02, American Society for Testing and Materials. This incorporation by reference was approved by the

Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained

from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Copies may be

inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of the

Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.

\4\The procedures shall be done in accordance with the 18th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of

Water and Wastewater, 1992, American Public Health Association. This incorporation by reference was approved

by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be

obtained from the American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copies

may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of

the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.

\5\Available from Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425,

Denver, CO 80225-0425.

\6\``Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples'', EPA-600/R-93-100, August

1993. Available at NTIS, PB94-121811.

\7\The procedure shall be done in accordance with the Technical Bulletin 601 ``Standard Method of Test for

Nitrate in Drinking Water'', July 1994, PN 221890-001, Analytical Technology, Inc. This incorporation by

reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR

Part 51. Copies may be obtained from ATI Orion, 529 Main Street, Boston, MA 02129. Copies may be inspected at

EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of the Federal

Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.

\8\Method B-1011, ``Waters Test Method for Determination of Nitrite/Nitrate in Water Using Single Column Ion

Chromatography'', Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography Division, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757.

\9\Method 100.1, ``Analytical Method For Determination of Asbestos Fibers in Water'', EPA-600/4-83-043, EPA,

September 1983. Available at NTIS, PB83-260471.

\10\Method 100.2, ``Determination Of Asbestos Structure Over 10-m In Length In Drinking Water'', EPA-

600/R-94-134, June 1994. Available at NTIS, PB94-201902.

\11\The procedures shall be done in accordance with the Industrial Method No. 129-71W, ``Fluoride in Water and

Wastewater'', December 1972, and Method No. 380-75WE, ``Fluoride in Water and Wastewater'', February 1976,

Technicon Industrial Systems. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal

Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained from the Technicon

Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY 10591. Copies may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street,

SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700,

Washington, DC.

\12\Unfiltered, no digestion or hydrolysis.

* * * * *

(q) [Reserved]

5. Section 141.24 is amended by removing and reserving paragraphs

(f)(16), and (h)(12), adding paragraphs (e), reviewing paragraph

(h)(13), introductory text, and paragraph (h)(13)(i) to read as

follows:

Sec. 141.24 Organic chemicals other than total trihalomethanes,

sampling and analytical requirements.

* * * * *

(e) Analyses for the contaminants in this section shall be

conducted using the following EPA methods or their equivalent as

approved by EPA. Methods 502.2, 505, 507, 508, 508A, 515.1 and 531.1

are in Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking

Water, EPA-600/4-88-039, December 1988, Revised, July 1991. Methods

506, 547, 550, 550.1 and 551 are in Methods for the Determination of

Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--Supplement I, EPA-600-4-90-020,

July 1990. Methods 515.2, 524.2, 548.1, 549.1, 552.1 and 555 are in

Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--

Supplement II, EPA-600/R-92-129, August 1992. Method 1613 is titled

``Tetra-through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope-Dilution

HRGC/HRMS'', EPA-821-B-94-005, October 1994. These documents are

available from the National Technical Information Service, NTIS PB91-

231480, PB91-146027, PB92-207703 and PB95-104774, U.S. Department of

Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll-

free number is 800-553-6847. Method 6651 shall be followed in

accordance with the 18th edition of Standard Methods for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992, American Public Health

Association. This incorporation by reference was approved by the

Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and

1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health

Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20005. Copies

may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW.,

Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800

North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC. Method 6610 shall

be followed in accordance with the Supplement to the 18th edition of

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1994,

American Public Health Association. This incorporation by reference was

approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5

U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained from the

American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW.,

Washington, DC 20005. Copies may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water

Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of

the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700,

Washington, DC. Other analytical test procedures are contained in

Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-600/R-94-173, October

1994, NTIS PB95-104766. This document also contains approved analytical

methods which remain available for compliance monitoring until July 1,

1996. These methods will not be available for use after July 1, 1996.

EPA Methods 504.1, 508.1 and 525.2 are available from US EPA EMSL,

Cincinnati, OH 45268. The phone number is 513-569-7586.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Contaminant Method

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Benzene............................ 502.2, 524.2.

Carbon tetrachloride............... 502.2, 524.2, 551.

Chlorobenzene...................... 502.2, 524.2.

1,2-Dichlorobenzene................ 502.2, 524.2.

1,4-Dichlorobenzene................ 502.2, 524.2.

1,2-Dichloroethane................. 502.2, 524.2.

cis-Dichloroethylene............... 502.2, 524.2.

trans-Dichloroethylene............. 502.2, 524.2.

Dichloromethane.................... 502.2, 524.2.

1,2-Dichloropropane................ 502.2, 524.2.

Ethylbenzene....................... 502.2, 524.2.

Styrene............................ 502.2, 524.2.

Tetrachloroethylene................ 502.2, 524.2, 551.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane.............. 502.2, 524.2, 551.

Trichloroethylene.................. 502.2, 524.2, 551.

Toluene............................ 502.2, 524.2.

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene............. 502.2, 524.2.

1,1-Dichloroethylene............... 502.2, 524.2.

1,1,2-Trichloroethane.............. 502.2, 524.2.

Vinyl chloride..................... 502.2, 524.2.

Xylenes (total).................... 502.2, 524.2.

2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin).............. 1613.

2,4-D.............................. 515.2, 555, 515.1.

2,4,5-TP (Silvex).................. 515.2, 555, 515.1.

Alachlor........................... 505\1\, 507, 525.2, 508.1.

Atrazine........................... 505\1\, 507, 525.2, 508.1.

Benzo(a)pyrene..................... 525.2, 550, 550.1.

Carbofuran......................... 531.1, 6610.

Chlordane.......................... 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

Dalapon............................ 552.1, 515.1.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate........... 506, 525.2.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate......... 506, 525.2.

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)........ 504.1, 551.

Dinoseb............................ 515.2, 555, 515.1.

Diquat............................. 549.1.

Endothall.......................... 548.1.

Endrin............................. 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

Ethylene dibromide (EDB)........... 504.1, 551.

Glyphosate......................... 547, 6651.

Heptachlor......................... 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

Heptachlor Epoxide................. 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

Hexachlorobenzene.................. 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.......... 505, 525.2, 508, 508.1.

Lindane............................ 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

Methoxychlor....................... 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

Oxamyl............................. 531.1, 6610.

PCBs\2\ (as decachlorobiphenyl).... 508A.

(as Aroclors).................... 505, 508.

Pentachlorophenol.................. 515.2, 525.2, 555, 515.1.

Picloram........................... 515.2, 555, 515.1.

Simazine........................... 505\1\, 507, 525.2, 508.1.

Toxaphene.......................... 505, 508, 525.2.

Total Trihalomethanes.............. 502.2, 524.2, 551.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

\1\A nitrogen-phosphorous detector should be substituted for the

electron capture detector in Method 505 (or another approved method

should be used) to determine alachlor, atrazine and simazine, if lower

detection limits are required.

\2\PCBs are qualitatively identified as Aroclors and measured for

compliance purposes as decachlorobiphenyl.

* * * * *

(h) * * *

(12) (Reserved)

(13) Analysis for PCBs shall be conducted as follows using the

methods in paragraph (e) of this section:

(i) Each system which monitors for PCBs shall analyze each sample

using either Method 505 or Method 508.

* * * * *

6. Section 141.30 is amended by revising paragraph (e) and by

removing removing Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C to read as

follows:

Sec. 141.30 Total trihalomethane sampling, analytical and other

requirements.

* * * * *

(e) Sampling and analyses made pursuant to this section shall be

conducted by the total trihalomethane methods as directed in

Sec. 141.24(e), and in Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-

600/R-94-173, October 1994, which is available at NTIS, PB95-104766.

* * * * *

7. Section 141.40 is amended by revising paragraphs (g), (n)(11),

and (n)(12) to read as follows:

Sec. 141.40 Special monitoring for inorganic and organic chemicals.

* * * * *

(g) Analysis for the unregulated contaminants listed under

paragraphs (e) and (j) of this section shall be conducted using EPA

Methods 502.2 or 524.2, or their equivalent as determined by EPA,

except analysis for bromodichloromethane, bromoform,

chlorodibromomethane and chloroform under paragraph (e) of this section

also may be conducted by EPA Method 551, and analysis for 1,2,3-

trichloropropane also may be conducted by EPA Method 504.1. A source

for the EPA methods is referenced at Sec. 141.24(e).

* * * * *

(n) * * *

(11) Systems shall monitor for the unregulated organic contaminants

listed below, using the method(s) identified below and using the

analytical test procedures contained in Technical Notes on Drinking

Water Methods, EPA-600/R-94-173, October 1994, which is available at

NTIS, PB95-104766. Method 6610 shall be followed in accordance with the

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 18th

Edition Supplement, 1994, American Public Health Association. This

incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal

Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies

may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 1015

Fifteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copies may be inspected at

EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460;

or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street,

NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC. A source for EPA methods 505, 507, 508,

508.1, 515.2, 525.2 and 531.1 is referenced at Sec. 141.24(e).

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Contaminants Method

------------------------------------------------------------------------

aldicarb........................... 531.1, 6610.

aldicarb sulfone................... 531.1, 6610.

aldicarb sulfoxide................. 531.1, 6610.

aldrin............................. 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

butachlor.......................... 507, 525.2.

carbaryl........................... 531.1, 6610.

dicamba............................ 515.2, 555, 515.1.

dieldrin........................... 505, 508, 525.2, 508.1.

3-hydroxycarbofuran................ 531.1, 6610.

methomyl........................... 531.1, 6610.

metolachlor........................ 507, 525.2, 508.1.

metribuzin......................... 507, 525.2, 508.1.

propachlor......................... 508, 525.2, 508.1.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

(12) Systems shall monitor for sulfate, an unregulated inorganic

contaminant, by using the methods listed at Sec. 143.4(b).

* * * * *

8. Section 141.41 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as

follows:

Sec. 141.41 Special monitoring for sodium.

* * * * *

(d) Analyses for sodium shall be conducted as directed in

Sec. 141.23(k)(1).

9. Section 141.42 is amended by removing and reserving paragraphs

(a) through (c).

10. Section 141.74 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1) and

(a)(2), and removing paragraphs (a)(3) through (a)(7) to read as

follows:

Sec. 141.74 Analytical and monitoring requirements.

(a) * * *

(1) Public water systems must conduct analysis of pH in accordance

with one of the methods listed at Sec. 141.23(k)(1). Public water

systems must conduct analyses of total coliforms, fecal coliforms,

heterotrophic bacteria, turbidity, and temperature in accordance with

one of the following analytical methods and by using analytical test

procedures contained in Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-

600/R-94-173, October 1994, which is available at NTIS PB95-104766.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Organism Methodology Citation\1\

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total Coliforms......... Total Coliform 9221A, B, C

Fermentation Technique/

3,4,5/.

Total Coliform Membrane 9222A, B, C

Filter Technique.

ONPG-MUG Test\6\........ 9223

Fecal Coliforms......... Fecal Coliform MPN 9221E

Procedure\7\.

Fecal Coliforms Membrane 9222D

Filter Procedure.

Heterotrophic Pour Plate Method....... 9215B

bacteria\2\.

Turbidity............... Nephelometric Method.... 2130B

Nephelometric Method.... 180.1\8\

Great Lakes Instruments. Method 2\9\

Temperature............. ........................ 2550

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Footnotes:

\1\Except where noted, all methods refer to the 18th edition of Standard

Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992, American

Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW, Washington, D.C.

20005.

\2\The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis may not

exceed 8 hours.

\3\Lactose broth, as commercially available, may be used in lieu of

lauryl tryptose broth, if the system conducts at least 25 parallel

tests between this medium and lauryl tryptose broth using the water

normally tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-

positive rate for total coliforms, using lactose broth, is less than

10 percent.

\4\Media should cover inverted tubes at least one-half to two-thirds

after the sample is added.

\5\No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all

total coliform-positive confirmed tubes.

\6\The ONPG-MUG Test is also known as the Autoanalysis Colilert System.

\7\A-1 Broth may be held up to three months in a tightly closed screwcap

tube at 4 deg.C.

\8\``Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in

Environmental Samples'', EPA-600/R-93-100, August 1993. Available at

NTIS, PB94-121811.

\9\GLI Method 2, ``Turbidity'', November 2, 1992, Great Lakes

Instruments, Inc., 8855 North 55th Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53223.

(2) Public water systems must measure residual disinfectant

concentrations with one of the analytical methods in the following

table. The methods are contained in the 18th edition of Standard

Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992. Other

analytical test procedures are contained in Technical Notes on Drinking

Water Methods, EPA-600/R-94-173, October 1994, which is available at

NTIS PB95-104766. If approved by the State, residual disinfectant

concentrations for free chlorine and combined chlorine also may be

measured by using DPD colorimetric test kits. Free and total chlorine

residuals may be measured continuously by adapting a specified chlorine

residual method for use with a continuous monitoring instrument

provided the chemistry, accuracy, and precision remain same.

Instruments used for continuous monitoring must be calibrated with a

grab sample measurement at least every five days, or with a protocol

approved by the State.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Residual Methodology Methods

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Free Chlorine........... Amperometric Titration.. 4500-Cl D

DPD Ferrous Titrimetric. 4500-Cl F

DPD Colorimetric........ 4500-Cl G

Syringaldazine (FACTS).. 4500-Cl H

Total Chlorine.......... Amperometric Titration.. 4500-Cl D

Amperometric Titration 4500-Cl E

(low level measurement).

DPD Ferrous Titrimetric. 4500-Cl F

DPD Colorimetric........ 4500-Cl G

Iodometric Electrode.... 4500-Cl I

Chlorine Dioxide........ Amperometric Titration.. 4500-ClO2 C

DPD Method.............. 4500-ClO2 D

Amperometric Titration.. 4500-ClO2 E

Ozone................... Indigo Method........... 4500-O3 B

------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

11. Section 141.89 is amended by revising paragraph (a)

introductory text; removing the table in paragraph (a); and by removing

and reserving paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec. 141.89 Analytical methods.

(a) Analyses for lead, copper, pH, conductivity, calcium,

alkalinity, orthophosphate, silica, and temperature shall be conducted

with the methods in Sec. 141.23(k)(1).

* * * * *

PART 143--NATIONAL SECONDARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

1. The authority citation for part 143 continues to read as

follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2 300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-

5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9.

2. Section 143.4 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as

follows:

Sec. 143.4 Monitoring.

* * * * *

(b) Measurement of pH, copper and fluoride to determine compliance

under Sec. 143.3 may be conducted with one of the methods in

Sec. 141.23(k)(1). Analyses of aluminum, chloride, foaming agents,

iron, manganese, odor, silver, sulfate, total dissolved solids (TDS)

and zinc to determine compliance under Sec. 143.3 may be conducted with

the methods in the following Table. Criteria for analyzing aluminum,

copper, iron, manganese, silver and zinc samples with digestion or

directly without digestion, and other analytical test procedures are

contained in Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA-600/R-94-

173, October 1994, which is available at NTIS PB95-104766.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Contaminant EPA ASTM\3\ SM4 Other

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Aluminum........................... \2\200.7 .................... 3120B.................

\2\200.8 .................... 3113B.................

\2\200.9 .................... 3111D.................

Chloride........................... \1\300.0 D4327-91............ 4110..................

4500-Cl--D............

Color.............................. ........... .................... 2120B.................

Foaming Agents..................... ........... .................... 5540C.................

Iron............................... \2\200.7 .................... 3120B.................

\2\200.9 .................... 3111B.................

3113B.................

Manganese.......................... \2\200.7 .................... 3120B.................

\2\200.8 .................... 3111B.................

\2\200.9 .................... 3113B.................

Odor............................... ........... .................... 2150B.................

Silver............................. \2\200.7 .................... 3120B................. I-3720-85\5\

\2\200.8 .................... 3111B.................

\2\200.9 .................... 3113B.................

Sulfate............................ \1\300.0 D4327-91............ 4110..................

\1\375.2 .................... 4500-SO4-F............

4500-SO4-C,D..........

TDS................................ ........... .................... 2540C.................

Zinc............................... \2\200.7 .................... 3120B.................

\2\200.8 .................... 3111B ................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Footnotes:

\1\``Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples'', EPA-600/R-93-100, August

1993. Available at NTIS, PB94-121811.

\2\``Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples--Supplement I'', EPA-600/R-94-111, May

1994. Available at NTIS, PB94-184942.

\3\The procedures shall be done in accordance with the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, Vols. 11.01 and

11.02, American Society for Testing and Materials. This incorporation by reference was approved by the

Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be obtained

from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Copies may be

inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of the

Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.

\4\The procedures shall be done in accordance with the 18th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of

Water and Wastewater, 1992, American Public Health Association. This incorporation by reference was approved

by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies may be

obtained from the American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20005. Copies

may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; or at the Office of

the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.

\5\Available from Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425,

Denver, CO 80225-0425.

[FR Doc. 94-29692 Filed 12-2-94; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-P