Marine Mammals

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

[I.D. 072894C]

Marine Mammals

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Availability of draft stock assessment and Potential Biological

Removal (PBR) workshop reports; request for comments.

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SUMMARY: The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) Amendments of 1994

(Amendments) require NMFS and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to

prepare for public comment by August 1, 1994, draft stock assessments

for all marine mammal stocks that occur in waters under the

jurisdiction of the United States. NMFS convened a workshop to develop

an initial approach for promoting a consistent national interpretation

of parameters used in draft stock assessment reports. In addition to

seeking comments on the draft stock assessment reports, NMFS requests

comments and guidance on the preliminary methodologies proposed in the

Potential Biological Removal (PBR) workshop report.

DATES: Comments on the draft stock assessment reports and the report of

the PBR workshop must be received by November 7, 1994.

ADDRESSES: Send comments to Patricia Montanio, Chief, Marine Mammal

Division, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries

Service, 1335 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910-3226. Copies

of the draft stock assessments and Report of the PBR Workshop are

available from one of the contacts below.

NMFS has established a bulletin board for electronic retrieval of

stock assessment reports. The reports are stored as

Wordperfect 5.1 files and may be downloaded by a modem link

to the following telephone number: (703) 218-2595. Within your

communications software, specify 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop

bit. Set up as an ANSI terminal and use your appropriate baud rate up

to 19,200. Instructions to download files are available on screen.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Thomas C. Eagle with the Office of

Protected Resources at (301) 713-2319. Or, contact James A. Balsiger at

(206) 526-4000, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (F/AKC), National

Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way, N.E. BIN 15700, Seattle,

WA 98115-0070 regarding Alaska regional stock assessments; Irma

Lagomarsino at (310) 980-4020, Southwest Regional Office (F/SWO3),

National Marine Fisheries Service, 501 West Ocean Boulevard, Long

Beach, CA 90802-4213, regarding Pacific regional stock assessments; or

Robert A. Blaylock at (305) 361-5761, Southeast Fisheries Science

Center (F/SEC4), National Marine Fisheries Service, 75 Virginia Beach

Drive, Miami, FL 33149-1003, or Gordon Waring at (508) 548-5123,

Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA

02543-1097 for Atlantic regional stock assessments.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Draft Stock Assessment Reports

On April 30, 1994 the Marine Mammal Protection Act Amendments of

1994 were enacted into law (P.L. 103-238). Under the new section 117 of

the MMPA, NMFS and FWS are required to prepare, and periodically

revise, stock assessments for marine mammal stocks that occur in waters

under the jurisdiction of the United States. Drafts of these stock

assessments were to be completed by August 1, 1994, for public review

and comment.

In addition, NMFS was required to establish, by June 30, 1994,

three regional, independent, Scientific Review Groups representing

Alaska, the Pacific Coast (including Hawaii) and the Atlantic Coast

(including the Gulf of Mexico). The Scientific Review Groups are to

advise NMFS on marine mammal population dynamics and quantitative

methodologies (such as those required for assessing stocks), research

priorities, impacts of habitat degradation, and any other issue NMFS or

the groups consider appropriate for pursuing the goals of the MMPA.

On June 30, 1994, NMFS established the three Scientific Review

Groups. Each consists of ten to eleven individuals with a range of

expertise in marine mammal biology and ecology, population dynamics and

modeling, and commercial fishing technology and practices, and

represents, to the extent feasible, a balance of viewpoints.

The draft stock assessment reports have been divided into three

regions, Alaska, Pacific and Atlantic, to correspond with the

appropriate Scientific Review Group. As specified by the Amendments

each report must, based on the best scientific information available:

(1) Describe the geographic range of the affected stock, including

any seasonal or temporal variations in such range;

(2) Provide minimum population estimates, current and maximum net

productivity rates, and the current population trend, including a

description of the information upon which these are based;

(3) Estimate human-caused mortality and serious injury of the stock

by source and, for strategic stocks, other factors that may be impeding

recovery of the stock or causing a decline, including effects on marine

habitat and prey;

(4) Contain a description of the commercial fisheries that interact

with the stock including:

(A) The approximate number of vessels participating in each such

fishery;

(B) The estimated annual level of incidental mortality and serious

injury of the stock by each such fishery;

(C) Any seasonal or area differences in such incidental mortality

or serious injury; and

(D) The rate, based on the appropriate standard unit of fishing

effort, of such incidental mortality and serious injury, and an

analysis stating whether such level is insignificant and approaching a

zero mortality and serious injury rate.

(5) Categorize the status of the stock as one that either:

(A) Has a level of human-caused mortality and serious injury that

is not likely to cause the stock to be reduced below its optimum

sustainable population (OSP); or

(B) Is a strategic stock, with a description of the reasons

therefore.

(6) Estimate the PBR level for the stock (e.g., the number of

animals that may be removed from the stock while allowing the stock to

reach or maintain its OSP and a description of the information used to

calculate PBR, including the recovery factor.

Congress defined strategic stocks as those for which:

(1) The level of direct, human-caused mortality exceeds the level

of PBR;

(2) Based on the best available scientific information, are

declining and are stocks likely to be listed as threatened under the

Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) in the

foreseeable future; or

(3) Are listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA or

designated as depleted under the MMPA.

The Amendments require NMFS to provide, through a notice of

availability, a summary of each draft stock assessment report and a

list of sources of information or published documentation on which each

draft assessment is based. To satisfy this requirement and minimize

unnecessary duplication, a table that summarizes draft stock assessment

reports appears at the end of this document, listing each stock, its

regional designation, geographical range, minimum abundance estimate,

PBR, estimated human-caused mortality, and whether or not the stock

would be regarded as strategic or nonstrategic.

To maximize the opportunity for full consultation with the

Scientific Review Groups, Alaskan native organizations and the public,

NMFS is pursuing parallel tracks of review. In addition to the comment

period initiated by this notice, NMFS began consultation with the

Scientific Review Groups by forwarding draft stock assessment reports

to the appropriate Scientific Review Groups on July 20, 1994, for their

review and comment. NMFS recognizes the need for full and equal

participation by Alaskan natives in the decisions that affect the

management of marine mammals upon which much of the native culture

depends; therefore, NMFS is seeking direct input from Alaska natives,

particularly with regard to stocks taken for subsistence.

At the close of the public comment period, NMFS intends to continue

consultation with the Scientific Review Groups by forwarding the public

comments for each draft stock assessment to the appropriate Scientific

Review Group for consideration in framing its recommendations to NMFS.

PBR Workshop

Recognizing the need to provide consistent parameters in

calculating stock assessments and meet the August 1 deadline, NMFS

convened a workshop, composed of NMFS and FWS scientists, to develop an

initial approach for promoting consistent national interpretation of

parameters to be used in draft stock assessment reports, including the

calculation of PBR. PBR is defined in the Amendments as ``the maximum

number of animals, not including natural mortalities, that may be

removed from a marine mammal stock while allowing that stock to reach

or maintain its optimum sustainable population''. PBR is calculated as

the product of three elements: The minimum population estimate

(NMIN); half the maximum net productivity rate (0.5RMAX); and

a recovery factor (FR) that ranges from 0.1 to 1.0, (NMIN x

0.5RMAX x FR).

The NMFS convened the workshop to agree on an initial approach for

calculating PBR, defining stock structure, and analyzing whether

fishery-related incidental mortality and serious injury have reached

insignificant levels approaching zero mortality and serious injury

rates for use in preparing draft stock assessment reports. It was the

workshop participants' principal objective to identify quantitative

criteria for defining input values that could serve as a nationwide

standard for calculating PBR.

Advantages of the PBR approach include that it was not based on any

particular population model, it allows conservative management to

proceed when lacking detailed information, it provides an incentive to

improve information on stock size (e. g., to increase precision by

lowering coefficients of variation, CV), it is based on readily

measurable quantities, and it focuses on achievable goals.

The workshop participants concluded that the three PBR parameters

must be evaluated together, rather than independently, in the context

of meeting the goals of the MMPA. In this regard, they concluded that

FR should serve to weight the PBR so as to take into account

uncertainty in estimates of NMIN, and serve as a ``safety factor''

that would allow the taking of individuals from stocks below OSP while

continuing to promote their recovery and that would provide a safety

margin to account for unknown bias in stock status information (e.g.,

estimation of abundance, productivity, mortality) for stocks of unknown

status or trends.

Values of 0.5 (pinnipeds) and 0.65 (cetaceans) were adopted as

starting points for calculating initial PBR for stocks of unknown

status, and participants noted that values of FR could be

``tuned'' or increased (thereby increasing the PBR) provided reasonable

assurance in the form of scientific justification is provided to ensure

that the estimates of abundance, mortality, and RMAX are not

severely biased, and that the coefficients of variation of the

abundance and mortality estimates are within accepted ranges.

NMFS is seeking comments on the methodologies for calculating PBR

and other parameters that were agreed to by the workshop participants

and employed in the preparation of the draft stock assessment reports,

as well as seeking comments on the individual stock assessment reports.

The workshop was held in LaJolla, CA, June 27-29, 1994. A copy of

the Report of the PBR Workshop is available (see ADDRESSES).

In examining the methodologies proposed by workshop participants,

the following points should be noted by reviewers:

(1) Estimates of mortality and serious injury incidental to

commercial fisheries presented in the Fisheries Information section

often included both NMFS observer and logbook data from the exemption

program. However, only observer recorded mortalities were used in

estimating the kill rate, with logbook data provided to

``qualitatively'' indicate that additional information exists on

incidental mortality; and

(2) When a reliable population estimate was not available, the

resulting PBR was zero. Although this often resulted in a stock being

classified as ``strategic'', it was noted that due to the lack of a

reliable abundance estimate, it was not currently possible to predict

the impact of human-caused mortality on the stock.

Preliminary Comments

Stock Assessment Reports and copies of the PBR workshop were sent

to Scientific Review Groups on July 20, 1994, with a request to send

preliminary comments to NMFS so that these comments could be considered

before stock assessment reports were released for public review and

comment. NMFS received several comments on the approach described in

the PBR workshop, the process for preparing reports, and on individual

stock assessments. Many of the stock-specific comments have been

incorporated in the draft stock assessment reports. The general, rather

than stock-specific, comments are discussed below.

1. Delay Release of Draft Stock Assessment Reports to Satisfy the

Requirement to Consult Fully With Scientific Review Groups.

The Amendments direct NMFS and FWS to prepare draft stock

assessment reports in consultation with Scientific Review Groups by

August 1, 1994, and to make the reports available for public review and

comment. The Amendments also included a period of 60 days in order to

establish Scientific Review Groups, in consultation with many agencies

and interest groups. Thus, draft assessment reports were due for

completion approximately 30 days after review groups were established.

Clearly, in-depth consultation with review groups could not occur

within a 30-day period.

Throughout the reauthorization process, interested entities

reiterated that rapid preparation of stock assessment reports was vital

to the timely implementation of a permanent regime to replace the

Interim Exemption for Commercial Fisheries under MMPA section 114.

Therefore, NMFS believes that the August 1, 1994, deadline for

preparing draft stock assessment reports was of critical importance.

Consultation with Scientific Review Groups is also of critical

importance, and the two concerns are not mutually exclusive. NMFS

intends to consult closely with Scientific Review Groups and, for

stocks affected by subsistence harvest, Alaska Native organizations

throughout the stock assessment process. Such an approach allows NMFS

to meet the statutory mandates of consultation and the August 1, 1994,

deadline.

2. PBR Calculations Are Not Consistent With Other Management Regimes--

Bowhead Whale Example.

Concerns have been raised about the lack of consistency between the

take limit for bowhead whales obtained under the PBR process and the

subsistence catch limits for bowheads adopted by the International

Whaling Commission (IWC) at its 1994 meeting. The two management

systems have entirely different purposes and they each consider

different criteria in formulating allowable removal levels.

The subsistence hunt for bowhead whales is managed through an

international regime which differs from U.S. domestic management of

marine mammals under the MMPA. The bowhead whale subsistence quota,

determined under the IWC's policy, assumes additional levels of risk to

accommodate the cultural needs of special peoples (e.g., Native

communities) than it assumes for commercial harvests. This is

justified, in part, by an extensive scientific assessment of the status

of the bowhead stock (conducted every three years), which evaluates

relative levels of risk based on the precision of the information

available on the status of the stock and its life history

characteristics.

In contrast, the PBR process was established primarily to address

the specific problem of incidental takes of marine mammals by

commercial fisheries. Although bowhead whales are not subject to an

incidental take in a commercial fishery, a PBR was calculated for this

stock because the Amendments to the MMPA require that PBR be calculated

for all marine mammal stocks in U.S. waters.

Furthermore, NMFS noted that values for parameters in PBR

calculations may be ``tuned'' as additional information is included.

The draft stock assessment contains a straight-forward interpretation

of the PBR workshop results. NMFS fully expects that the FR for

bowhead whales may be tuned based upon the extensive scientific

information available for this stock. This tuning should occur in

consultation with Scientific Review Groups and after consideration of

public comments. NMFS will reconsider the approach described in the

report of the PBR workshop.

3. Consider an Alternative Classification (Strategic Versus Non-

Strategic) When Populations Estimates Are Unreliable and Fishery-

Related Mortality Is Low

Section 117(a)(5) of the MMPA, as amended, specifies that each

stock assessment report categorize the status of each marine mammal

stock as one that either: (a) Has a level of human-caused mortality and

serious injury that is not likely to cause the stock to be reduced

below its optimum sustainable population, or (b) Is a strategic stock,

with a description of the reasons therefor.

Section 3(19) of the MMPA, as amended, defines the term ``strategic

stock'' as a stock for which the level of direct human-caused mortality

exceeds the potential biological removal level, or which is designated

as depleted under the MMPA, is listed as threatened or endangered under

the ESA, or is declining and likely to be listed under the ESA.

A problem exists in categorizing stocks for which there are no

reliable estimates of abundance. In these cases, the PBR would default

to zero, and any human-caused mortality would exceed the PBR. The level

of mortality may be so low that it is not likely to cause the stock to

be reduced below its OSP, but the stock would still meet the criteria

in section 3(19) that the level of mortality exceeds the PBR. These

stocks have been considered ``strategic'' in the draft stock assessment

reports. This highlights the need to obtain reliable abundance

estimates for all stocks that have human-caused mortality, and will be

used by NMFS in guiding and prioritizing its stock assessment program.

In addition, NMFS expects that the Scientific Review Groups may

recommend additional research into the status of the affected stock to

determine if human-caused mortality or serious injury poses a

significant adverse impact to the stock. In the interim, until reliable

estimates are available, NMFS will be examining the options and best

way to classify these stocks consistent with the MMPA requirements.

This will be done in consultation with the Scientific Review Groups,

and in consideration of comments received.

Further, it should be noted that the identification of marine

mammal stock as ``strategic'' does not necessitate restrictions on

human-caused mortality and serious injury. Rather, such a designation

means that the affected stock is, or may be reduced, below its optimum

sustainable population. As such, the stock should be identified as

having the potential for significant adverse impact if human-caused

mortality is high.

Take Reduction Teams would be established for strategic stocks that

interact with Category I or II fisheries to develop Take Reduction

Plans. Take Reduction Plans are designed to reduce mortality and

serious injury of marine mammals incidental to commercial fishing. If

such incidental mortality and serious injury is not biologically

significant for the affected stock, then no restrictions would

necessarily be required.

4. The Age and Sex Structure of Individuals Removed From a Population

of Marine Mammals May Have a Major Effect on the Impact of Those

Removals

PBR calculations assume that removals are random with respect to

the age and sex of individuals removed from the population. However,

these factors could have a major effect on the impact of such removals

from the population. Participants in the PBR workshop identified

alternative population models as one area for future research needs.

Incorporating the sex and age structure within marine mammal stocks and

of the human-caused mortality of that stock are components of this area

of research.

5. Use Alternate Methods To Evaluate Stock Status When Certain Data Are

Not Available

For several stocks of marine mammals, NMFS has no reliable estimate

of abundance, and a survey to obtain such information, if possible,

would be exceedingly expensive. If an estimate of total human-caused

mortality and serious injury was known, or could be estimated, then the

PBR equation could be used to estimate the minimum number of

individuals in the stock that could safely sustain the estimated level

of removal. For example the estimated human-caused mortality of a given

pinniped stock was 3,000. Using the default values for RMAX (0.12)

and the recovery factor (0.5) recommended at the PBR workshop, one

could calculate that a population of at least 100,000 individuals could

support the human-caused mortality, and such mortality would be less

that the PBR.

Such an approach appears to have merit. NMFS will consider this

comment in revising stock assessment reports during the review,

comment, and revision process.

Dated: August 2, 1994.

William W. Fox, Jr.,

Director, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries

Service.

Table 1.--Summary of Marine Mammal Draft Stock Assessment Reports for Species of Marine Mammals Under NMFS Management Authority

[N/A means that data were more than 10 years old and, therefore, not used or were otherwise not available for an estimate]

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NMFS Total Fish. Strategic

Species Stock area Region center Nmin Rmax Fr PBR mort. mort. status

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Beaked Whales............... Pacific N.W. and Alaska..... AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Bearded Seal................ Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.12 0.50 0 1000 1 Y

Beluga...................... Bristol Bay................. AKA....... AKC....... 1800 0.04 1.00 36 8 N/A N

Beluga...................... Eastern Chukchi Sea......... AKA....... AKC....... 2500 0.04 1.00 50 92 0 Y

Beluga...................... Beaufort Sea................ AKA....... AKC....... 21000 0.04 1.00 420 0 0 N

Beluga...................... Cook Inlet.................. AKA....... AKC....... 332 0.04 1.00 4 13 0 Y

Beluga...................... Norton Sound and Yukon Delta AKA....... AKC....... 4000 0.04 0.65 52 168 0 Y

Bowhead Whale............... Western Arctic Stock........ AKA....... AKC....... 7524 0.04 0.10 15 42 0 Y

Dall's Porpoise............. North Pacific............... AKA....... AKC....... 311353 0.04 1.00 6227 29 29 N

Dall's Porpoise............. Bering Sea.................. AKA....... AKC....... 55777 0.04 1.00 1116 4 4 N

Fin Whale................... N. Pacific.................. AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.04 1.00 0 0 0 Y

Gray Whale.................. Eastern North Pacific....... AKA....... AKC....... 20110 0.04 1.00 402 159 0 N

Harbor Porpoise............. Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... 10652 0.04 0.65 138 0 0 N

Harbor Seal................. Gulf of AK/ Bering Sea...... AKA....... AKC....... 25183 0.12 0.50 755 1221 25 Y

Harbor Seal................. Southeast Alaska............ AKA....... AKC....... 22447 0.12 1.00 1347 1671 0 Y

Humpback Whale.............. Central Pacific............. AKA....... AKC....... 1286 0.04 0.10 3 0 0 Y

Killer Whale................ Oregon/Washington/Alaska.... AKA....... AKC....... 1046 0.04 0.65 14 1 1 N

Northern Fur Seal........... North Pacific............... AKA....... AKC....... 885322 0.12 0.50 26560 22 22 Y

Northern Right Whale Dolphin Central North Pacific....... AKA....... AKC....... 39733 0.04 0.65 517 0 0 N

Ribbon Seal................. Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.12 0.50 0 100 0 Y

Right Whale................. North Pacific............... AKA....... AKC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y

Ringed Seal................. Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... 44340 0.12 0.50 1330 3001 1 Y

Sperm Whale................. Eastern N. Pacific.......... AKA....... AKC....... 0 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y

Spotted Seal................ Alaska...................... AKA....... AKC....... 4145 0.12 0.50 124 1000 N/A Y

Steller Sea Lion............ U.S. EEZ.................... AKA....... AKC....... 71547 0.12 0.50 2146 592 44 Y

Atlantic White-sided Dolphin Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 4 4 Y

Beaked Whale, Blainville's.. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 5 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Beaked Whale, Cuvier's...... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 Y

Beaked Whale, Cuvier's...... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 19 0.04 1.00 0 0 0 N

Beaked Whale, Mesoplodon spp Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 5 5 Y

Beaked Whale, Ziphiidae..... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 44 0.04 1.00 1 0 0 N

Blue Whale.................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 Y

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Mid-Atlantic, Coastal....... ATL....... SEC....... 1349 0.04 0.65 18 20 20 Y

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Western GulfMex, Coastal.... ATL....... SEC....... 2897 0.04 0.65 38 N/A N/A N

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Gulf of Mexico Bays......... ATL....... SEC....... 3131 0.04 0.65 41 N/A N/A Y

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Eastern GulfMex, Coastal.... ATL....... SEC....... 4436 0.04 0.65 58 N/A N/A N

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Northern GulfMex, Coastal... ATL....... SEC....... 3472 0.04 0.65 45 N/A N/A N

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Eastern GulfMex, Offshore... ATL....... SEC....... 13738 0.04 0.65 179 N/A N/A N

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Mid-Atlantic, Offshore...... ATL....... SEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 120 120 Y

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... No. & W. GulfMex, Offshore.. ATL....... SEC....... 20177 0.04 0.65 262 N/A N/A N

Bryde's Whale............... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 25 0.04 0.65 0 N/A N/A N

Clymene Dolphin............. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 3119 0.04 1.00 62 0 0 N

Common Dolphin.............. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 78 78 Y

Dwarf Sperm Whale........... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 211 0.04 1.00 4 0 0 N

False Killer Whale.......... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 148 0.04 1.00 3 0 0 N

Fin Whale................... Western North Altantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 1 1 Y

Fraser's Dolphin............ Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 75 0.04 0.65 1 0 0 N

Gray Seal................... Northwest North Altantic.... ATL....... NEC....... 500 0.12 0.50 15 1 1 N

Harbor Porpoise............. Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy.. ATL....... NEC....... 39670 0.04 0.65 516 1875 1875 Y

Harbor Seal................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... 28810 0.12 0.50 864 18 18 N

Harp Seal................... Northwestern North Atlantic. ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.12 0.00 0 0 0 N

Hooded Seal................. Northwestern North Atlantic. ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.12 0.00 0 0 0 N

Humpback Whale.............. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... 720 0.04 0.10 1 5 4 Y

Killer Whale................ Western North Altantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Killer Whale................ Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 192 0.04 1.00 4 0 0 N

Melon-headed Whale.......... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 908 0.04 1.00 18 0 0 N

Minke Whale................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 3 2 Y

Pilot Whale, Long-Finned.... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 9 9 Y

Pilot Whale, Short-Finned... Atlantic EEZ................ ATL....... SEC....... 456 0.04 0.65 6 N/A N/A N

Pilot Whale, Short-Finned... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 84 0.04 1.00 2 0 0 N

Pygmy Killer Whale.......... Atlantic EEZ................ ATL....... SEC....... 6 0.04 1.00 0 0 0 N

Pygmy Killer Whale.......... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 111 0.04 1.00 2 0 0 N

Pygmy Sperm Whale........... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 41 0.04 1.00 1 0 0 N

Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whale. Atlantic EEZ................ ATL....... SEC....... 264 0.04 1.00 5 0 0 N

Right Whale................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... 295 0.04 0.10 1 2 1 Y

Risso's Dolphin............. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 9 9 Y

Risso's Dolphin............. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 1155 0.04 0.65 15 N/A N/A N

Rough-toothed Dolphin....... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 351 0.04 1.00 7 0 0 N

Sei Whale................... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y

Sperm Whale................. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y

Sperm Whale................. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 162 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y

Spinner Dolphin............. Southwestern North Atlantic. ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 Y

Spinner Dolphin............. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 1055 0.04 1.00 21 0 0 N

Spotted Dolphin, Atlantic... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 4 4 Y

Spotted Dolphin, Atlantic... Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 1768 0.04 1.00 35 N/A N/A N

Spotted Dolphin, Pantropical Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 13911 0.04 1.00 278 N/A N/A N

Striped Dolphin............. Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 4 4 Y

Striped Dolphin............. Northern GulfMex............ ATL....... SEC....... 2160 0.04 1.00 43 0 0 N

Whitebeaked Dolphin......... Western North Atlantic...... ATL....... NEC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 Y

Beaked Whale, Baird's....... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 19 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Beaked Whale, Blainville's.. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Beaked Whale, Cuvier's...... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Beaked Whale, Cuvier's...... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 886 0.04 0.65 12 18 18 Y

Beaked Whales, Mesoplodont.. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 136 0.04 0.65 2 12 12 Y

Blue Whale.................. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y

Blue Whale.................. California/Mexico........... PAC....... SWC....... 1650 0.04 0.10 2 1 0 Y

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... California, Coastal......... PAC....... SWC....... 245 0.04 0.65 3 0 0 N

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Bottlenose Dolphin.......... California, Offshore........ PAC....... SWC....... 1775 0.04 0.65 23 8 8 N

Brydes Whale................ Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Brydes Whale................ Eastern Tropical Pacific.... PAC....... SWC....... 11145 0.04 1.00 223 0 0 N

California Sea Lion......... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 67399 0.12 1.00 4044 2093 2093 N

Common Dolphin, Long-Beaked. California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 5636 0.04 0.65 73 11 11 N

Common Dolphin, Short-Beaked California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 185181 0.04 0.65 2407 197 197 N

Dall's Porpoise............. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 58902 0.04 0.65 766 33 33 N

Dwarf Sperm Whale........... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

False Killer Whale.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... 470 0.04 0.65 6 0 0 N

Fin Whale................... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y

Fin Whale................... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 573 0.04 0.10 1 0 0 Y

Guadalupe Fur Seal.......... Mexico to California........ PAC....... SWC....... 3259 0.12 0.50 98 0 0 Y

Harbor Porpoise............. Central California.......... PAC....... SWC....... 3430 0.04 0.65 45 31 31 N

Harbor Porpoise............. Washington/Oregon........... PAC....... SWC....... 24992 0.04 0.65 325 16 16 N

Harbor Porpoise............. North California............ PAC....... SWC....... 7649 0.04 1.00 150 0 0 N

Harbor Seal................. Washington, Inland Waters... PAC....... AKC....... 13053 0.12 0.50 392 14 14 N

Harbor Seal................. Oregon/Washington Coast..... PAC....... AKC....... 28322 0.12 0.50 850 231 231 N

Harbor Seal................. California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 18099 0.12 1.00 1086 725 725 N

Hawaiian Monk Seal.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... 1300 0.07 0.10 5 0 0 Y

Humpback Whale.............. California/Mexico........... PAC....... SWC....... 482 0.04 0.10 1 1 0 Y

Killer Whale................ Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Killer Whale................ California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 139 0.04 0.65 2 0 0 N

Melon-headed Whale.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Minke Whale................. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 265 0.04 0.65 3 0 0 N

Northern Elephant Seal...... California, Breeding........ PAC....... SWC....... 42000 0.12 1.00 2520 158 158 N

Northern Fur Seal........... San Miguel Island........... PAC....... AKC....... 7112 0.12 0.50 213 0 0 Y

Northern Right Whale Dolphin California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 15080 0.04 0.65 196 34 34 N

Pacific White Sided Dolphin. California to Washintgon.... PAC....... SWC....... 82939 0.04 0.65 1078 18 18 N

Pilot Whale, Short-Finned... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Pilot-Whale, Short-Finned... California.................. PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 33 33 Y

Pygmy Killer Whale.......... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Pygmy Sperm Whale........... California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 481 0.04 0.65 6 2 2 N

Pygmy Sperm Whale........... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Risso's Dolphin............. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Risso's Dolphin............. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 22388 0.04 0.65 291 29 0 N

Rough-Toothed Dolphin....... Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Sei Whale................... North Pacific............... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 Y

Sperm Whale................. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.10 0 0 0 N

Sperm Whale................. California to Washington.... PAC....... SWC....... 511 0.04 0.10 1 22 22 Y

Spinner Dolphin............. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... 677 0.04 0.65 9 0 0 N

Spotted Dolphin, Pan Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Tropical.

Striped Dolphin............. Hawaii...................... PAC....... SWC....... N/A 0.04 0.65 0 0 0 N

Striped Dolphin............. California.................. PAC....... SWC....... 13639 0.04 0.65 177 0 0 N

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[FR Doc. 94-19397 Filed 8-8-94; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3510-22-P