Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Electric Motors

Federal RegisterDec 17, 2021

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

10 CFR Parts 429 and 431

[EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011]

RIN 1904-AE62

Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Electric Motors

AGENCY:

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy.

ACTION:

Notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment.

SUMMARY:

The U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) proposes to amend the existing scope of the DOE test procedures consistent with related industry changes for nomenclature and test procedure developments (

i.e.,

for air-over electric motors, submersible electric motors, electric motors greater than 500 horsepower, electric motors considered small, inverter-only electric motors, and synchronous electric motors); add test procedures, metric, and supporting definitions for additional electric motors covered under the proposed scope; and update references to industry standards to reference current versions. Furthermore, DOE proposes to adopt industry provisions related to the prescribed test conditions to further ensure the comparability of test. In addition, DOE proposes to update certain testing instructions to reduce manufacturer burden. Further, DOE proposes to amend the provisions pertaining to certification testing and determination of represented values for electric motors other than dedicated-purpose pool pump motors, apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure, and to move both provisions consistent with the location of other certification requirements for other covered products and equipment. Finally, DOE proposes to add provisions pertaining to certification testing and determination of represented values for dedicated-purpose pool pump motors. DOE is seeking comment from interested parties on the proposal.

DATES:

DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this proposal no later than February 15, 2022. See section V, “Public Participation,” for details. DOE will hold a webinar on Tuesday, January 25, 2022, from 12:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. See section V, “Public Participation,” for webinar registration information, participant instructions, and information about the capabilities available to webinar participants.

ADDRESSES:

Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using the Federal eRulemaking Portal at

www.regulations.gov.

Follow the instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested persons may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011, by any of the following methods:

(1)

Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov.

Follow the instructions for submitting comments.

(2)

Email: ElecMotors2020TP0011@ee.doe.gov.

Include the docket number EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011 or regulatory information number (“RIN”) 1904-AE62 in the subject line of the message.

No telefacsimiles (“faxes”) will be accepted. For detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional information on the rulemaking process, see section V of this document.

Although DOE has routinely accepted public comment submissions through a variety of mechanisms, including postal mail and hand delivery/courier, the Department has found it necessary to make temporary modifications to the comment submission process in light of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. DOE is currently suspending receipt of public comments via postal mail and hand delivery/courier. If a commenter finds that this change poses an undue hardship, please contact Appliance Standards Program staff at (202) 586-1445 to discuss the need for alternative arrangements. Once the Covid-19 pandemic health emergency is resolved, DOE anticipates resuming all of its regular options for public comment submission, including postal mail and hand delivery/courier.

Docket:

The docket, which includes

Federal Register

notices, public meeting attendee lists and transcripts (if a public meeting is held), comments, and other supporting documents/materials, is available for review at

www.regulations.gov.

All documents in the docket are listed in the

www.regulations.gov

index. However, some documents listed in the index, such as those containing information that is exempt from public disclosure, may not be publicly available.

The docket web page can be found at

www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011.

The docket web page contains instructions on how to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. See section V for information on how to submit comments through

www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-9870. Email

ApplianceStandardsQuestions@ee.doe.gov.

Mr. Michael Kido, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-8145. Email:

Michael.Kido@hq.doe.gov.

For further information on how to submit a comment, review other public comments and the docket, or participate in a public meeting (if one is held), contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 287-1445 or by email:

ApplianceStandards Questions@ee.doe.gov.

DOE has submitted the collection of information contained in the proposed rule to OMB for review under the Paperwork Reduction Act, as amended. (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)) Comments on the information collection proposal shall be directed to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Attention: Sofie Miller, OIRA Desk Officer by email:

sofie.e.miller@omb.eop.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

DOE proposes to maintain a previously approved incorporation by reference and to incorporate by reference the following industry standards into part 431:

Canadian Standards Association (“CSA”) C390-10 (R2019), “Test methods, marking requirements, and energy efficiency levels for three-phase induction motors,” March 2010.

CSA C747-09 (R2019), “Energy Efficiency Test Methods for Small Motors”, October 2009.

Copies of CSA C390-10 (R2019) and CSA C747-09 (R2019) can be obtained from Canadian Standards Association, Sales Department, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6, Canada, 1-800-463-6727, or by visiting

http://www.shopcsa.ca/onlinestore/welcome.asp.

International Electrotechnical Commission (“IEC”) 60034-12:2016, Edition 3.0 2016-11, “Rotating Electrical Machines, Part 12: Starting Performance of Single-Speed Three-Phase Cage Induction Motors,” Published November 23, 2016.

IEC 60079-7:2015, Edition 5.0 2015-06, “Explosive atmospheres—Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety “e”,” Published June 26, 2015.

IEC 60034-2-1:2014, Edition 2.0 2014-06, Rotating electrical machines—Part 2-1: Standard methods for

determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles).

IEC 61800-9-2:2017, “Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems—Part 9-2: Ecodesign for power drive systems, motor starters, power electronics and their driven applications—Energy efficiency indicators for power drive systems and motor starters”, Edition 1.0, March 2017.

Copies of IEC 60034-2-1:2014, IEC 60034-12:2016, IEC 60079-7:2015 and IEC 61800-9-2:2017 may be purchased from International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, 1st floor, P.O. Box 131, CH—1211 Geneva 20—Switzerland, +41 22 919 02 11, or by visiting

https://webstore.iec.ch/home.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) 112-2017, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators, approved December 6, 2017;

IEEE 114-2010, “Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction Motors”, September 30, 2010.

Copies of IEEE 112-2017 and 114-2010 can be obtained from: IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (732) 981-0060, or by visiting

http://www.ieee.org.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (“NEMA”) MG 1-2016, “American National Standard for Motors and Generators, ANSI approved June 1, 2018. (“NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements”).

Copies of NEMA MG 1-2016 may be purchased from National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Arlington, Virginia 22209, +1 703 841 3200, or by visiting

https://www.nema.org.

National Fire Protection Association (“NFPA”) 20, 2019 Edition, “Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection,” Approved by American National Standard on May 24, 2018. (“NFPA 20-2019”).

See section IV.M for a further discussion of these standards.

Table of Contents

I. Authority and Background

A. Authority

B. Background

II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

III. Discussion

A. Scope of Applicability

1. “E” and “Y” Designations of IEC Design N and H Motors

2. Single-Speed AC Induction Motors

3. Air-Over Electric Motors

4. Submersible Electric Motors

5. AC Induction Electric Motors Greater Than 500 Horsepower

6. AC Induction Electric Motors Considered “Small”

7. AC Induction Inverter-Only Electric Motors

8. Synchronous Electric Motors

9. Exemptions

10. Motor Used as a Component of a Covered Product or Equipment

B. Definitions

1. Updating IEC Design N and H Motors Definitions and Including New Definitions for IEC Design N and H “E” and “Y” Designations

2. Updating Definitions to Reference NEMA MG1-2016 With 2018 Supplements

3. Inverter, Inverter-Only, and Inverter-Capable

4. Air-Over Electric Motors

5. Liquid-Cooled Electric Motors

6. Basic Model and Equipment Class

C. Updates to Industry Standards Currently Incorporated by Reference

1. IEC 60034-12

2. NFPA 20

3. CSA C390

4. NEMA MG1

D. Industry Standards To Incorporate By Reference

1. Test Procedures for Air-Over Electric Motors

2. Test Procedures for SNEMs

3. Test Procedures for AC Induction Inverter-Only Electric Motors and Synchronous Electric Motors

E. Metric

F. Rated Output Power and Breakdown Torque of Electric Motors

G. Rated Values Specified for Testing

1. Rated Frequency

2. Rated Load

3. Rated Voltage

H. Temperature Rise Measurement Location

I. Submersible Electric Motors Testing

J. Vertical Electric Motors Testing

K. Contact Seals Requirement

L. Additional Testing Instructions for Additional Electric Motors Proposed for Inclusion in the Scope of the Test Procedure

M. Transition to 10 CFR Part 429

N. Certification of Electric Motors

1. Independent Testing

2. Certification Process for Electric Motors

O. Determination of Represented Value

1. Nominal Full-Load Efficiency

2. Testing: Use of a Nationally Recognized Testing Program

3. Testing: Use of a Nationally Recognized Certification Program

4. Use of an AEDM

P. Certification, Sampling Plans, and AEDM Provisions for Dedicated-Purpose Pool Pump Motors

Q. Reporting

R. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization

1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact

2. Harmonization With Industry Standards

S. Compliance Date

IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review

A. Review Under Executive Order 12866

B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act

1. Description of Reasons Why Action Is Being Considered

2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule

3. Description and Estimate of Small Entities Regulated

4. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements

5. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and Regulations

6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule

C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995

D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

E. Review Under Executive Order 13132

F. Review Under Executive Order 12988

G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1999

I. Review Under Executive Order 12630

J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2001

K. Review Under Executive Order 13211

L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974

M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference

V. Public Participation

A. Participation in the Webinar

B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for Distribution

C. Conduct of the Webinar

D. Submission of Comments

E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment

VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary

I. Authority and Background

Electric motors are included in the list of “covered equipment” for which DOE is authorized to establish and amend energy conservation standards and test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) DOE's energy conservation standards and test procedures for electric motors are currently prescribed at title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (“CFR”) part 431 section 25 and appendix B to subpart B of 10 CFR part 431 (“Appendix B”), respectively. The following sections discuss DOE's authority to establish test procedures for electric motors and relevant background information regarding DOE's consideration of test procedures for this equipment.

A. Authority

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (“EPCA”),

authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291-6317) Title III, Part C

of EPCA, added by Public Law 95-619, Title IV, section441(a), established the Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317), which sets forth a variety of

provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. This equipment includes electric motors, the subject of this document. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A))

All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec. 27, 2020).

For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code, Part C was redesignated Part A-1.

The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant provisions of EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6311), test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315), energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6313), and the authority to require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6316)

The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1) Certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making representations about the efficiency of that equipment (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)). Similarly, DOE must use these test procedures to determine whether the equipment complies with relevant standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s))

Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered equipment established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a) and (b); 42 U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers of Federal preemption for particular State laws or regulations, in accordance with the procedures and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(b)(2)(D))

Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for covered equipment. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce test results which reflect energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual operating cost of a given type of covered equipment during a representative average use cycle and requires that test procedures not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) In addition, if DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is warranted, it must publish proposed test procedures and offer the public an opportunity to present oral and written comments on them. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b))

EPCA, pursuant to amendments made by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Public Law 102-486 (Oct. 24, 1992), specifies that the test procedures for electric motors subject to standards are those specified in National Electrical Manufacturers Association (“NEMA”) Standards Publication MG1-1987 and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) Standard 112 Test Method B, as in effect on October 24, 1992. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(5)(A)). If these test procedures are amended, DOE must amend its test procedures to conform to such amended test procedure requirements, unless DOE determines by rule, published in the

Federal Register

and supported by clear and convincing evidence, that to do so would not meet the statutory requirements related to the test procedure representativeness and burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(5)(B))

EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate test procedures for each type of covered equipment, including electric motors, to determine whether amended test procedures would more accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the test procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably designed to produce test results that reflect energy efficiency, energy use, and estimated operating costs during a representative average use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)) In addition, if the Secretary determines that a test procedure amendment is warranted, the Secretary must publish proposed test procedures in the

Federal Register

and afford interested persons an opportunity (of not less than 45 days' duration) to present oral and written data, views, and arguments on the proposed test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b)) If DOE determines that test procedure revisions are not appropriate, DOE must publish its determination not to amend the test procedures.

DOE is publishing this NOPR in satisfaction of the requirements specified in EPCA.

B. Background

DOE's existing test procedures for electric motors appear at appendix B. DOE updated the test procedures for electric motors in response to updates to NEMA MG-1 and IEEE 112 in a final rule published May 4, 2012. 77 FR 26608 (“May 2012 Final Rule”). In the May 2012 Final Rule, DOE amended the test procedures to incorporate NEMA MG 1-2009 “American National Standard for Motors and Generators” and IEEE 112-2011 “IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators”.

Id.

The May 2012 Final Rule also updated the test procedure to reference the most current version of the Canadian Standards Association (“CSA”) C390 “Test methods, marking requirements, and energy efficiency levels for three-phase induction motors,” March 2010 (“CSA C390-10”).

Id.

DOE had previously determined that CSA Standard C390 is a widely recognized alternative that is consistent with IEEE 112-1996. 64 FR 54114 (October 5, 1999).

On December 13, 2013, DOE again amended its electric motor test procedure by clarifying the test setup requirements for certain electric motors. 78 FR 75962 (“December 2013 Final Rule”). Amendments to EPCA made by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (Pub. L. 110-140; Dec. 19, 2007) and the American Energy Manufacturing Technical Corrections Act (Pub. L. 112-210; Dec. 18, 2012) enabled DOE to consider an expanded scope of electric motors for regulatory coverage. 78 FR 75962, 75965. DOE determined that the motors covered by the expanded scope could be tested using the testing methods provided in IEEE 112 (Test Method B) and CSA C390-10 (both of which were already incorporated as part of DOE's test procedure regulations) to accurately measure their losses and determine their energy efficiency.

Id.

However, some of these motors required additional testing set-up instructions prior to testing, which DOE established in the December 2013 Final Rule.

Id., see

section 4 of appendix B.

A 2011 version of NEMA MG 1 was released prior to the publication of the December 2013 Final Rule. The updates from the 2009 version, however, did not affect the sections of NEMA MG-1 incorporated by reference in the DOE regulations. Subsequently, DOE declined to incorporate by reference NEMA MG 1-2011. 78 FR 75962, 75963.

On July 31, 2017, DOE published a request for information (“RFI”) focused on the test procedures for small electric motors, which are covered separately under 10 CFR part 431 subpart X. 82 FR 35468 (“July 2017 RFI”). The July 2017 RFI also identified issues pertaining to electric motors and additional motors currently not subject to either the small electric motor or electric motor test procedures. 82 FR 35468, 35470-35473.

DOE also requested comment on potentially establishing test procedures for additional categories of motors currently not included in the test procedures for small electric motors and electric motors.

Id.

DOE received comments related to the scope in response to the July 2017 RFI from the interested parties listed in Table I.1, which are addressed in this document.

Comments related to potential scope expansion received in response to the July 2017 RFI are identified by the Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047.

Table I.1—Scope-Related Written Comments Received in Response to the July 2017 RFI

Commenter(s)

Reference in this NOPR

Commenter type

Advanced Energy

Independent Testing Laboratory.

Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers and Air-conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute

AHAM and AHRI

Industry Trade Associations.

Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E), and Southern California Edison (SCE)

CA IOUs

Utilities.

Detector Technology Inc

Detech

Manufacturer.

American Council for an Energy-efficient Economy, Appliance Standards Awareness Project, Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance

Joint Advocates

Efficiency Organizations.

Lennox International Inc

Lennox

Manufacturer.

McMillan Electric Company

Manufacturer.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NEMA

Industry Trade Association.

Subsequent to the July 2017 RFI, on April 23, 2019, DOE published a test procedure notice of proposed rulemaking (“NOPR”) for small electric motors and electric motors. 84 FR 17004 (“April 2019 NOPR”). As it relates to electric motors, DOE proposed to (1) incorporate by reference a revised test procedure for the measurement of energy efficiency, the IEEE 112-2017, “IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators” (“IEEE 112-2017”); and (2) incorporate by reference an alternative test procedure for the measurement of energy efficiency, the International Electrotechnical Commission (“IEC”) 60034-2-1:2014, “Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)” (“IEC 60034-2-1:2014”). 84 FR 17004, 17006, 17010-17014. On January 4, 2021, DOE published the test procedure final rule for small electric motors and electric motors. 86 FR 4 (“January 2021 Final Rule”). As it relates to electric motors, DOE amended the test procedure to finalize the proposals from the April 2019 NOPR, including the incorporation by reference of IEEE 112-2017 and IEC 60034-2-1:2014. 86 FR 4, 10, 11-13.

On June 3, 2020, DOE published an RFI pertaining to test procedures for electric motors in response to updates to the applicable industry testing standards and the 7-year look-back review required under EPCA. 85 FR 34111 (“June 2020 RFI”). DOE received comments in response to the June 2020 RFI from the interested parties listed in Table I.2.

Table I.2—Written Comments Received in Response to the June 2020 RFI

Commenter(s)

Reference in this NOPR

Commenter type

Appliance Standard Awareness Project, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy and Natural Resources Defense Council

Efficiency Advocates

Efficiency Organizations.

Advanced Energy

Independent Testing Laboratory.

Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E), and Southern California Edison (SCE)

CA IOUs

Utilities.

Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) and Northwest Power and Conservation Council (NWPCC)

NEEA and NWPCC

Efficiency Organizations.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NEMA

Industry Trade Association.

A parenthetical reference at the end of a comment quotation or paraphrase provides the location of the item in the public record.

The parenthetical reference provides a reference for information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking to develop test procedures for electric motors. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-TP-0011, which is maintained at

www.regulations.gov

). The references are arranged as follows: (commenter name, comment docket ID number, page of that document).

On July 29, 2021, DOE published a final rule adopting a test procedure for dedicated purpose pool pump motors (“DPPP motors”). 86 FR 40765. (“July 2021 Final Rule”). Specifically, the test procedure requires manufacturers to use CSA C747-09 (R2014), “Energy Efficiency Test Methods for Small Motors” for testing the full-load efficiency of DPPP motors and did not establish any certification, sampling plans, or Alternative Efficiency Determination Method (“AEDM”) requirements. The test procedure is currently located in subpart Z of 10 CFR part 431.

II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

In this NOPR, DOE proposes the following updates to the test procedure for electric motors:

(1) Update existing definitions for IEC Design N and H to reflect updates in industry standard; specify the existing scope to reflect updates in industry nomenclature, specifically for new industry motor design designations IEC Design NE, HE, NEY and HEY, and include corresponding definitions;

(2) Amend the definition of “basic model” to rely on the term “equipment class” and add a definition for “equipment class” to make the electric motor provisions consistent with other DOE-regulated products and equipment.

(3) Add test procedures, full-load efficiency metric, and supporting

definitions for air-over electric motors, submersible electric motors, electric motors greater than 500 horsepower, electric motors considered small, inverter-only electric motors, and synchronous electric motor technologies;

(4) Incorporate by reference the most recent versions of NEMA MG 1 (

i.e.,

NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements) and CSA C390 (

i.e.,

CSA C390-10 (R2019)), as well as other referenced industry standards

i.e.,

IEC 60034-12:2016, Edition 3.0 2016-11, “Rotating Electrical Machines, Part 12: Starting Performance of Single-Speed Three-Phase Cage Induction Motors,” (“IEC 60034-12:2016”); IEC 60079-7:2015, Edition 5.0 2015-06, “Explosive atmospheres—Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety “e”,” (“IEC 60079-7:2015”), which is referenced within IEC 60034-12:2016 and is necessary for the test procedure; and National Fire Protection Association (“NFPA”) 20-2019 “Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection ” (“NFPA 20-2019”);

(5) Incorporate by reference additional industry test standards and test instructions to support testing of the additional motors proposed for inclusion in the test procedure scope: CSA C747-09 (R2019), IEEE 114-2010, and IEC 61800-9-2:2017;

(6) Provide additional detail in the test instructions for electric motors by adding definitions for the terms “breakdown torque,” “rated frequency,” “rated output power,” “rated load,” and “rated voltage;”

(7) Update the testing instructions for vertical electric motors to reduce manufacturer test burden;

(8) Explicitly provide that the current test procedure permits removal of contact seals for immersible electric motors only;

(9) Require that testing be conducted in a nationally recognized testing program and add a definition of “independent” for certification of a new basic model pursuant to 10 CFR 431.36(e), required on or after 180 days following the publication of this final rule;

(10) Permitting the certification of electric motors using one of three options: (i) A manufacturer can have the electric motor tested using a nationally recognized testing program and then certify on its own behalf or have a third party submit the manufacturer's certification report; (ii) a manufacturer can test the electric motor at a testing laboratory other than a nationally recognized testing program and then have a nationally recognized certification program certify the efficiency of the electric motor; or (iii) a manufacturer can use an alternative efficiency determination method and then have a third-party nationally recognized certification program certify the efficiency of the electric motor. DOE proposes to require that the use of these provisions be required for certification starting on the compliance date for any new or amended standards for electric motors published after January 1, 2021;

(11) Revise the provisions pertaining to the determination of represented values and propose that these provisions be required on or after the effective date of the final rule adopting new or amended energy conservation standards for electric motors and apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure;

(12) Revise the provisions pertaining to alternative efficiency determination methods (“AEDMs”) as applied to electric motors and apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure;

(13) Revise the procedures for recognition and withdrawal of recognition of accreditation bodies and certification programs as applied to electric motors and apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure;

(14) Transition provisions pertaining to certification testing, AEDM, and determination of represented values from 10 CFR part 431 to 10 CFR part 429; and

(15) Add provisions pertaining to certification testing and determination of represented values for DPPP motors.

DOE's proposed actions are summarized in Table II.1 compared to the current test procedure as well as the reason for the proposed change.

Table II.1—Summary of Changes in Proposed Test Procedure Relative to Current Test Procedure

Current DOE test procedure

Proposed test procedure

Attribution

Applies to Design N and H motors defined at 10 CFR 431.12

Specifies the existing scope to reflect updates in industry nomenclature, specifically, new motor design designations IEC Design HE, HY, HEY, NE, NY and NEY, and includes corresponding definitions

Update to industry testing standard IEC 60034-12.

Exempts air-over electric motors

Proposes test methods, full-load efficiency metric, and supporting definitions for air-over electric motors

Update to industry testing standard NEMA MG1 2016 with 2018 Supplements include a test method for air-over electric motors.

Exempts submersible electric motors

Proposes test methods, full-load efficiency metric, and supporting definitions for submersible electric motors

Update to industry testing standard NEMA MG1 2016 with 2018 Supplements include a test method for air-over electric motors, which is applicable to submersible motors.

Includes electric motors with a horsepower equal to or less than 500 hp

Proposes test methods and full-load efficiency metric for electric motors with a horsepower greater than 500 and equal to or less than 750 hp

DOE proposal to extend applicability of the test procedure to these electric motors.

Includes electric motors with a horsepower equal to or greater than 1 hp

Proposes test methods and full-load efficiency metric for electric motors considered small (

i.e.,

small non-small-electric-motor electric motors, or SNEMs)

DOE proposal to extend applicability of the test procedure to these electric motors.

Exempts inverter-only electric motors

Proposes test methods, full-load efficiency metric, and supporting definitions for inverter-only electric motors

New industry testing standard (IEC 61800-9-2:2017).

Includes electric motors that are induction motors only

Propose test methods, full-load efficiency metric, and supporting definitions for certain synchronous electric motors

New developments in motor technologies and new industry testing standard (IEC 61800-9-2:2017).

Incorporates by reference NEMA MG 1-2009, CSA 390-10, IEC 60034-12 Edition 2.1 2007-09, and NFPA 20-2010

Incorporate by reference the most recent versions of NEMA MG 1 (

i.e.,

NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements), CSA 390 (

i.e.,

CSA C390-10 (R2019)), as well as other referenced industry standards (

i.e.,

IEC 60034-12 Edition 3.0 2016 and NFPA 20-2019). In addition, incorporates by reference IEC 60079-7:2015, which is referenced within IEC 60034-12:2016 and is necessary for the test procedure

Incorporate by reference additional industry test standards and testing instructions to support testing of the additional motors proposed in scope: CSA C747-09 (R2019), IEEE 114-2010, and IEC 61800-9-2:2017

Updates to industry testing standards NEMA MG1, CSA 390, IEC 60034-12 and NFPA 20-209.

Specifies testing at rated frequency, rated load, and rated voltage but does not define these terms

Would provide additional detail in the test instructions for electric motors by adding definitions for the terms “rated frequency,” “rated load,” and “rated voltage”. Would also define “breakdown torque” and “rated output power” to support the definition of rated load

Harmonizes with definitions from NEMA MG1 and improves the repeatability of the test procedure.

Specifies one method of connecting the dynamometer to vertical electric motors

Update the vertical electric motor testing requirements to allow alternative methods for connecting to the dynamometer

Suggestion by industry comments.

Specifies removal of contact seals for testing immersible electric motors

Would explicitly require that shaft seals of any variety remain installed during testing unless the motor is an immersible electric motor

Provide further direction to improve reproducibility.

Requires that testing be conducted in an accredited laboratory and includes certification testing requirements in 10 CFR part 431

Would require that testing be conducted in a nationally recognized testing program and add a definition for “independent” for certification of a new basic model pursuant to 10 CFR 431.36(e), required starting 180 days following the publication of this final rule. Moves these provisions to 10 CFR part 429

Statutory requirement at 42 U.S.C. 6316(c).

Allows a manufacturer to both test in its own laboratories and directly submit the certification of compliance to DOE for its own electric motors

Would require certification of compliance using one of three options: (1) A manufacturer can have the electric motor tested using an nationally recognized testing program and then certify on its own behalf or have a third party submit the manufacturer's certification report; (2) a manufacturer can test the electric motor at a testing laboratory other than an nationally recognized testing program and then have a nationally recognized certification program certify the efficiency of the electric motor; or (3) a manufacturer can use an alternative efficiency determination method and then have a third-party nationally recognized certification program certify the efficiency of the electric motor. DOE proposes that these provisions be required on or after the compliance date for any amended standards for electric motors published after January 1, 2021

Statutory requirement at 42 U.S.C. 6316(c).

Includes provisions pertaining to the determination of the represented value at 10 CFR 431.17

Revise the provisions pertaining to the determination of the represented values (

i.e.,

nominal full-load efficiency and average full-load efficiency) and proposes that these provisions be required on or after the effective date of the final rule adopting new or amended energy conservation standards for electric motors. Moves the provisions to 10 CFR 429.64. Proposes to apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure

Align the determination of the average and nominal full-load efficiency with the definitions at 10 CFR 431.12.

Includes AEDM provisions at 10 CFR 431.17

Revise the provisions pertaining to alternative efficiency determination methods (“AEDMs”) as applied to electric motors. Proposes to apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure

Harmonizes the AEDM requirements with other covered equipment and covered products at 10 CFR 429.70.

Includes provisions pertaining to nationally recognized accreditation bodies and certification programs at 10 CFR 431.19, 431.20, and 431.21

Revise the procedures for recognition and withdrawal of recognition of accreditation bodies and certification programs as applied to electric motors. Proposes to apply these provisions to the additional electric motors proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure

Transfer provisions related to certification at 10 CFR part 429.

Includes a definition of basic model that relies on the term “rating”

Amend the definition of “basic model” to rely on the term “equipment class”. Adds a definition for “equipment class”

Align the definition of basic model with other DOE-regulated products and equipment and eliminate the ambiguity of the term “rating”.

Does not include any certification, sampling plans, and AEDM provisions for DPPP Motors

Adds certification, sampling plans, and AEDM provisions for DPPP Motors

Aligns DPPP motor provisions with the provisions for electric motors subject to the requirements in subpart B of 10 CFR part 431.

DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed amendments described in section III of this NOPR would not alter the measured efficiency of electric motors currently within the scope of the test procedure until such time as amended energy conservation standards are established for such electric motors. DOE notes that manufacturers of electric motors for which DOE is proposing to include within the scope of the test procedure would not be required to use the test procedure, if made final, for Federal certification or labeling purposes, until such time as energy conservation standards are established for such electric motors. But, if manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and private labelers choose to make any representations respecting the energy consumption or cost of energy consumed by such motors, then such voluntary representations must be made in accordance with the test procedure and sampling requirements. Discussion of DOE's proposed actions are addressed in detail in section III of this NOPR.

III. Discussion

A. Scope of Applicability

The term “electric motor” is defined as “a machine that converts electrical power into rotational mechanical power.” 10 CFR 431.12. Manufacturers are required to test those electric motors subject to energy conservation standards according to the test procedure in appendix B.

(See generally 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(5)(A); see also the introductory paragraph to 10 CFR part 431, subpart B, appendix B) Currently, energy conservation standards apply to certain categories of electric motors provided

that they meet the criteria specified at 10 CFR 431.25(g). These categories of electric motors are NEMA Design A motors,

NEMA Design B motors,

NEMA Design C motors,

IEC Design N motors,

IEC Design H motors,

and fire pump electric motors.

See 10 CFR 431.25(h)-(j). The energy conservation standards apply to electric motors within the identified categories only if they:

The amendments proposed in this NOPR do not address

small electric motors,

which are covered separately under 10 CFR part 431, subpart X. A

small electric motor

is “a NEMA general purpose alternating current single-speed induction motor, built in a two-digit frame number series in accordance with NEMA Standards Publication MG1-1987, including IEC metric equivalent motors.” 10 CFR 431.442.

“NEMA Design A” motor means a squirrel-cage motor that: (1) Is designed to withstand full-voltage starting and developing locked-rotor torque as shown in NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.38.1 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15); (2) Has pull-up torque not less than the values shown in NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.40.1; (3) Has breakdown torque not less than the values shown in NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.39.1; (4) Has a locked-rotor current higher than the values shown in NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.35.1 for 60 hertz and NEMA MG 1-2009, paragraph 12.35.2 for 50 hertz; and (5) Has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent for motors with fewer than 10 poles. 10 CFR 430.12.

“NEMA Design B motor” means a squirrel-cage motor that is: (1) Designed to withstand full-voltage starting; (2) Develops locked-rotor, breakdown, and pull-up torques adequate for general application as specified in sections 12.38, 12.39 and 12.40 of NEMA MG1-2009 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15); (3) Draws locked-rotor current not to exceed the values shown in section 12.35.1 for 60 hertz and 12.35.2 for 50 hertz of NEMA MG1-2009; and (4) Has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent for motors with fewer than 10 poles.

Id.

“NEMA Design C” motor means a squirrel-cage motor that: (1) Is Designed to withstand full-voltage starting and developing locked-rotor torque for high-torque applications up to the values shown in NEMA MG1-2009, paragraph 12.38.2 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15); (2) Has pull-up torque not less than the values shown in NEMA MG1-2009, paragraph 12.40.2; (3) Has breakdown torque not less than the values shown in NEMA MG1-2009, paragraph 12.39.2; (4) Has a locked-rotor current not to exceed the values shown in NEMA MG1-2009, paragraphs 12.35.1 for 60 hertz and 12.35.2 for 50 hertz; and (5) Has a slip at rated load of less than 5 percent.

Id.

IEC Design N motor means an electric motor that: (1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power; (2) Contains a cage rotor; (3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting; (4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles; (5) Is rated from 0.4 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and (6) Conforms to sections 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 of the IEC 60034-12 edition 2.1 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) requirements for torque characteristics, locked rotor apparent power, and starting.

Id.

IEC Design H motor means an electric motor that (1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power; (2) Contains a cage rotor; (3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting (4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles; (5) Is rated from 0.4 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and (6) Conforms to sections 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3 of the IEC 60034-12 edition 2.1 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) requirements for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting.

Id.

“Fire pump electric motor” means an electric motor, including any IEC-equivalent motor, that meets the requirements of section 9.5 of NFPA 20.

Id.

(1) Are single-speed, induction motors;

(2) Are rated for continuous duty (MG 1) operation or for duty type S1 (IEC)

(3) Contain a squirrel-cage (MG 1) or cage (IEC) rotor;

(4) Operate on polyphase alternating current 60-hertz (Hz) sinusoidal line power;

(5) Are rated 600 volts or less;

(6) Have a 2-, 4-, 6-, or 8-pole configuration;

(7) Are built in a three-digit or four-digit NEMA frame size (or IEC metric equivalent), including those designs between two consecutive NEMA frame sizes (or IEC metric equivalent), or an enclosed 56 NEMA frame size (or IEC metric equivalent);

(8) Produce at least one horsepower (hp) (0.746 kilowatt (kW)) but not greater than 500 hp (373 kW), and

(9) Meet all of the performance requirements of one of the following motor types: A NEMA Design A, B, or C motor or an IEC Design N or H motor. 10 CFR 431.25(g).

DOE identified certain categories of motors that meet the definition of “electric motor” but for which DOE determined the referenced industry test procedures do not provide a standardized test method for determining the energy efficiency. 78 FR 75962, 75975, 75987-75989 (Dec. 13, 2013). Motors that fall into this grouping are not currently regulated by DOE and consist of the following categories:

• Air-over electric motors;

• Component sets of an electric motor;

• Liquid-cooled electric motors;

• Submersible electric motors; and

• Inverter-only electric motors. 10 CFR 431.25(l).

In this NOPR, DOE is proposing to specify that certain equipment that are designated with IEC Design letters are within the scope of the current electric motors test procedure. Furthermore, DOE is proposing to establish test procedure requirements for certain categories of electric motors not currently subject to energy conservation standards. These categories are (1) air-over electric motors; (2) submersible electric motors; (3) certain electric motors greater than 500 hp; (4) electric motors considered small; and (5) inverter-only electric motors. Finally, DOE is also proposing to include within the scope of the test procedure synchronous electric motor technologies.

As noted previously, manufacturers of electric motors for which DOE is proposing to include within the scope of the test procedure, but that are not currently subject to an energy conservation standard, would not be required to use the test procedure, if made final, for Federal certification or labeling purposes, until such time as energy conservation standards are established for such electric motors. However, if DOE were to establish test procedures for electric motors not currently subject to an energy conservation standard, any voluntary representations by manufacturers, distributors, retailers, or private labelers about the energy consumption or cost of energy for these motors must be based on the use of that test procedure beginning 180 days following publication of a final rule. DOE's rule would not require manufacturers who do not currently make voluntary representations to then begin making public representations of efficiency. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) Manufacturers not currently making representations would be required to test such motors in accordance with the test procedure at such time as compliance is required with a labeling or energy conservation standard requirement should such a requirement be established. (42 U.S.C. 6315(b); 42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s))

Each category of electric motor proposed for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure is discussed in the following sections.

1. “E” and “Y” Designations of IEC Design N and H Motors

Currently regulated electric motors include those motors designated as IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors. In the June 2020 RFI, DOE noted that IEC 60034-12:2016 provides further designation using “E” to indicate that a motor meets a “premium efficiency” attribute. 85 FR 34111, 34114. For example, IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors that meet a “premium efficiency” attribute are designated “NE” and “HE”. DOE stated that the “premium efficiency” attribute generally aligns with the current DOE standards prescribed at 10 CFR 431.25.

Id.

As the “E” designation denotes premium efficiency performance of the Design N and Design H electric motors, “NE” and “HE” motors are equivalents to NEMA Design A and NEMA Design C motors, respectively, and are currently within the scope of the test procedure. See 10 CFR 431.12 (defining the term “NEMA Design A motor” and “NEMA Design C motor”) and 10 CFR 431.25(g)-(i) and (l) (establishing the efficiency standards related to NEMA Design A and NEMA Design C motors and their applicable scope). DOE requested comment as to whether its understanding of the new nomenclature is correct.

Id.

In an energy conservation standards RFI published on May 21, 2020 (85 FR 30878; “May 2020 RFI”), DOE discussed that the updated version of IEC standard 60034-12 added new starting

specifications to the existing IEC motor designs that are designated by the addition of “Y” (indicating a star-delta starter

). 85 FR 30878, 30881. As a result of these industry nomenclature updates, the IEC Design N and IEC Design H motor designations are augmented with the designations IEC Design NE, HE, NY, NEY, HY, and HEY. DOE stated that all six additional categories are described as electric motors that are variants of IEC Design N and IEC Design H electric motors that DOE currently regulates, with the only differences being the premium efficiency attribute (indicated by the letter “E”), and starting configuration (star-delta starter indicated by the letter “Y”). For induction motors, the starting configuration refers to the manner in which the three-phase input terminals are connected to each other, and the star configuration results in a lower line-to-line voltage than the delta configuration. See sections 2.62 and 2.64 of NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements for further detail. Accordingly, DOE requested comment as to whether these six IEC electric motor designs were equivalent to NEMA Designs A, B or C, and if so, information and data to support such a consideration.

A “star-delta starter” refers to a reduced voltage starter system arranged by connecting the supply with the primary motor winding initially in star (wye) configuration, then reconnected in delta configuration for running operation.

Advanced Energy stated that IEC Design NE and HE motors are higher efficiency motors than their standard counterparts (IEC Design N and IEC Design H), and should be added to the regulatory definitions at 10 CFR 431.12 for clarity. (Advanced Energy, No. 4 at p. 2) NEMA stated that Design NE and Design HE motor designations do not warrant special treatment or the establishment of a separate product class or type. (NEMA, No. 2 at p. 4) Responding to the May 2020 RFI, NEMA commented that all six IEC designs are equivalent to NEMA Design A and C “Premium” efficient electric motor designs, and referenced a letter it sent to DOE on March 26, 2018, which requested that DOE consider IEC Design “E” motors. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-STD-0007, NEMA, No. 4 at p. 2, 11)

Accordingly, DOE proposes to revise 10 CFR 431.25 to reflect the inclusion of IEC Design NE, NEY, and NY motors as IEC Design N motors and to make a similar set of revisions to reflect the inclusion of IEC Design HE, HEY, and HY motors as IEC Design H motors. DOE clarifies that to the extent IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors are subject to the DOE regulations for electric motors, such coverage already includes IEC Design NE, NY, NEY, HE, HY and HEY motors. DOE also proposes to update the definitions for IEC Design N and H, and include new definitions for the IEC Design N and H “E” and “Y” designations; see section III.B.1for further discussion on proposed definitions.

DOE seeks comments on its proposed clarification of IEC Design NE, NY, NEY, HE, HY and HEY motors as variants of IEC Design N and IEC Design H motors, as applicable.

2. Single-Speed AC Induction Motors

CA IOUs commented that DOE should revisit the applicability of the test procedures for “single-speed AC motors,” as specified in 10 CFR 431.25(g). (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 2) CA IOUs stated that IEC 60034-30-1:2014 “Rotating Electrical Machines—Part 30-1: Efficiency Classes Of Line Operated AC Motors (IE Code)” (“IEC 60034-30-1:2014”) includes within its scope of “single-speed AC motors” electric motors that are capable of operation both by frequency converter and direct-on-line, in contrast to DOE's current scope of “single-speed AC motors”. The CA IOUs suggested that DOE revisit the current interpretation to mirror that of the IEC standards.

Id.

The existing test procedures for electric motors apply to electric motors that, in part, operate on polyphase alternating current 60-hertz sinusoidal power. 10 CFR 431.25(g)(4) This criterion includes motors capable of operating directly connected to the power supply (

i.e.,

“direct-on-line”). In addition, the definitions of IEC Design N and H motors (which are within scope as specified in 10 CFR 431.25(g)) in 10 CFR 431.12 further specify that the electric motor is capable of direct-on-line starting. Therefore, motors that are capable of direct-on-line starting are already included within the current scope of DOE regulations.

Inverters (also called controls or converters, see section III.B.3) operate by changing the frequency and voltage of the power source to which an electric motor is connected. Inverter-only electric motors are currently exempt from the energy conservation standards.

10 CFR 431.25(l)(5). However, DOE does not exempt inverter-capable electric motors that meet the scope criteria at 10 CFR 431.25(g); therefore, electric motors that are inverter-capable are already included within the current scope of DOE regulations. An “inverter-capable electric motor” is defined as an electric motor designed to be directly connected to polyphase, sinusoidal line power, but that is also capable of continuous operation on an inverter drive over a limited speed range and associated load. 10 CFR 431.12. An inverter-capable electric motor would be tested without the use of an inverter and would rely on the set-ups used when testing a general purpose electric motor. 78 FR 75962, 75972.

“Inverter-only electric motor” means an electric motor that is capable of rated operation solely with an inverter, and is not intended for operation when directly connected to polyphase, sinusoidal line power. 10 CFR 431.12.

In this NOPR, DOE is proposing to establish test procedures for inverter-only electric motors, as described further in section III.A.7.

3. Air-Over Electric Motors

DOE defines an “air-over electric motor” as an electric motor rated to operate in and be cooled by the airstream of a fan or blower that is not supplied with the motor and whose primary purpose is providing airflow to an application other than the motor driving it. 10 CFR 431.12. These motors are currently exempt from the energy conservation standards. 10 CFR 431.25(l)(4). For air-over electric motors, DOE previously determined there was insufficient information at the time to support establishment of a test method. 78 FR 75962, 75974-75975.

In the July 2017 RFI, DOE noted that since the publication of the December 2013 Final Rule, NEMA had published a test standard for air-over motors in Section IV, “Performance Standards Applying to All Machines”, Part 34 “Air-Over Motor Efficiency Test Method” of NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements (“NEMA Air-over Motor Efficiency Test Method”).

82 FR 35468, 35475. DOE also noted that section 8.2.1 of IEEE 114-2010 “Test Procedure for Single-phase Motors” (“IEEE 114-2010”) (and section 5 of CSA C747-09 (R2019)

“Energy Efficiency Test Method for Small Motors” (“CSA C747-09 (R2019)”) included provisions for testing air-over motors.

Id.

The air-over method was originally published as part of the 2017 NEMA MG-1 Supplements and is also included in the latest version of NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements.

CSA C747-09 was re-affirmed in 2014 and in 2019 (

i.e.,

no changes were adopted). The July 2017 RFI referenced CSA C747-09 (R2014) which is equivalent to CSA C747-09 (R2019).

In response to the July 2017 RFI, NEMA commented that DOE should not regulate air-over motors but instead regulate at the level of the finished product. NEMA also generally commented in support of maintaining all exemptions at 10 CFR 431.25(l) (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047,

NEMA, No. 24 at pp. 6-7) Similarly, Lennox commented that it did not support regulating air-over motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Lennox, No. 22 at p. 3) The Joint Advocates supported including air-over motors in the scope of the test procedure. The Joint Advocates noted that some applications could use air-over or non-air-over motors interchangeably, and that consumers would benefit from being able to compare motor efficiency. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Joint Advocates, No. 27 at p. 3)

In response to the June 2020 RFI, Advanced Energy commented that NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements incorporates a test procedure for air-over motors. (Advanced Energy, No. 4 at p. 2) The CA IOUs, NEEA, NWPCC, and Efficiency Advocates recommended that DOE expand the scope of the test procedure to include air-over electric motors. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 8-10; NEEA and NWPCC, No. 6 at p. 4; Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 3) These interested parties commented that since the last rulemaking, NEMA has published a test procedure for air-over electric motors and that DOE should consider the NEMA test procedure as the basis for the DOE test procedure.

Id.

DOE reviewed NEMA MG1-2016, Part 34: Air-Over Motor Efficiency Test Method, as well as section 8.2.1 of IEEE 114-2010 and section 5 of CSA C747-09 (R2019), and has initially determined that sufficient information is now available to propose a test method for air-over electric motors. (See section III.D.1 for more details). Accordingly, DOE proposes to include air-over electric motors in the scope of the test procedure. See section III.B.4 for a discussion of the air-over electric motor definition and section III.D.1 for further details on the proposed test method. As noted, were DOE to include air-over electric motors within the scope of the test procedure, such electric motors would not be required to be tested using that test procedure until such time as DOE establishes energy conservation standards for air-over electric motors. If manufacturers voluntarily choose to make representations regarding the energy consumption or cost of energy of such electric motors, however, they would be required to test according to the DOE test procedure and sampling requirements.

DOE requests comments on its proposal to add air-over electric motors to the scope of the test procedure. To the extent available, DOE requests that comments be accompanied by supporting information and data.

4. Submersible Electric Motors

DOE defines a “submersible electric motor” as an electric motor that: (1) Is intended to operate continuously only while submerged in liquid; (2) is capable of operation while submerged in liquid for an indefinite period of time; and (3) has been sealed to prevent ingress of liquid from contacting the motor's internal parts. 10 CFR 431.12. These motors are currently exempt from the energy conservation standards. 10 CFR 431.25(l)(4). DOE previously did not adopt test procedures for submersible electric motors because no industry test procedures or potential modifications to the Federal test procedures could be used to consistently test (and reliably measure) a motor that relies on submersion in liquid for continuous duty operation. 78 FR 75962, 75988.

CA IOUs and Efficiency Advocates recommended that DOE expand the scope of the test procedures to include submersible electric motors, and develop a test procedure for such motors (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 8-10; Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 3) The CA IOUs commented that a similar procedure as the industry air-over test procedure could be used to test submersible motors because for both motors, cooling is provided by the material surrounding the motor (

e.g.,

air or water). (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 9) CA IOUs stated that submersible motors are a large portion of the motor market with significant energy savings potential

and that many submersible pumps already offer NEMA Premium Efficiency motors with the pump. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 10) The Efficiency Advocates stated that the marketing of NEMA Premium Efficiency motors for submersible applications suggests that these motors could be tested with current test procedures. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 3) In response to the July 2017 RFI, Advanced Energy commented that it does not support regulating motors that are typically manufactured for highly specialized applications, including submersible motors, to the extent that their exemption would not create inconsistency in the regulations. Advanced Energy also stated that submersible motors should be treated similarly to other categories of covered electric motors for which test procedures are available, such as totally-enclosed non-ventilated (“TENV”) electric motors

and air-over electric motors, and that exempting submersible electric motors would not be justified if DOE were to propose establishing test procedures for air-over motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 6)

CA IOUs suggested that submersible electric motors are present in both residential and non-residential settings: In a residential scenario, well pumps (which account for 23 percent of residential pumping energy) include submersible pumps and motors; in non-residential scenarios, submersible pumps and motors are used in potable water supply, drain water runoff, and wastewater and sewage applications, among other applications. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 9)

TENV electric motors are “built in a frame-surface cooled, totally enclosed configuration that is designed and equipped to be cooled only by free convection.” 10 CFR 431.12.

In the December 2013 Final Rule, DOE determined at the time that no industry test procedures or potential modifications to the procedures then currently under 10 CFR 431.16 could be used to consistently test (and reliably measure the efficiency of) a motor that relies on submersion in liquid for continuous duty operation. 78 FR 75962, 75988. In addition, DOE confirmed that there were no testing facilities that were capable of testing a motor submerged in water.

Id.

The primary concern in developing a test procedure for submersible electric motors is how to cool the motor to ensure it does not overheat during the load test. Since the December 2013 Final Rule, NEMA has published a test procedure for air-over motors (NEMA MG1-2016, Part 34: Air-Over Motor Efficiency Test Method). (See section III.D.1 for more details.) As discussed previously, air-over electric motors need to be cooled by the airstream of an external fan or blower to operate continuously at full load. Section 34.4 and Section 34.5 of NEMA MG1-2016 with the 2018 Supplements provide specifications to test air-over electric motors with and without the use of an external blower to cool the motor. DOE has initially determined that these test methods could be adapted as a test method for submersible electric motors either by using an external blower to cool the motor or without the need to submerge the motor in a liquid during testing to cool the motor. (See section III.I for more details). Accordingly, DOE proposes to specify test procedure provisions for submersible electric motors. As noted, were DOE to include submersible electric motors within the scope of the test procedure, such electric motors would not be required to test according to the DOE test procedure until such time as DOE establishes energy conservation standards for submersible electric motors. If manufacturers voluntarily make representations regarding the energy consumption or cost of energy of such

electric motors, however, they would be required to test according to the DOE test procedure and sampling requirements.

DOE requests comments on its proposal to add submersible electric motors to the scope of the test procedure.

5. AC Induction Electric Motors Greater Than 500 Horsepower

DOE currently specifies that the conservation standards for electric motors, and therefore the test procedures, are not applicable to motors that produce greater than 500 horsepower (373 kW). 10 CFR 431.25(g)(8); Appendix B, Note. Efficiency Advocates suggested that DOE extend its test procedure scope to motors with higher horsepower ratings (

i.e.,

greater than 500 hp). (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 2)

In an energy conservation standards final rule published May 29, 2014 (“May 2014 Final Rule”), DOE stated that it may consider expanding the scope of its regulations to large motors in future updates to the rulemaking. 79 FR 30934, 30946. Based on a review of catalog offerings, DOE identified large induction motors rated up to 750 hp currently being sold in the market, and the majority of the models identified listed full load efficiencies even though DOE currently does not regulate electric motors greater than 500 hp. Based on discussions with a subject matter expert, DOE understands that most of these large motors rely on the alternative efficiency determination method (“AEDM”) permitted under 10 CFR 431.17 to determine full load efficiencies for regulated electric motors at and under 500 hp.

In addition, the current industry test procedures incorporated by reference in section 2 of appendix B do not apply an upper horsepower limit.

An AEDM may be used to determine the average full load efficiency of one or more of a manufacturer's basic models if the average full load efficiency of at least five of its other basic models is determined through testing. 10 CFR 431.17(a)(1). An AEDM applied to a basic model must be: (i) Derived from a mathematical model that represents the mechanical and electrical characteristics of that basic model, and (ii) based on engineering or statistical analysis, computer simulation or modeling, or other analytic evaluation of performance data. 10 CFR 431.17(a)(2).

Accordingly, DOE proposes to expand the scope of the test procedure to include induction electric motors with a horsepower rating greater than 500 hp and up to 750 hp that otherwise meet the criteria provided in 10 CFR 431.25(g) and are not currently listed at 10 CFR 431.25(l)(2)-(4). As discussed previously, DOE's review of the market identified 750 hp as the upper limit for commercially available AC induction electric motors. Furthermore, as noted, were DOE to include the higher horsepower induction electric motors within the scope of the test procedure, such electric motors would not be required to be tested according to the DOE test procedure until such time as DOE establishes energy conservation standards for these electric motors. If manufacturers voluntarily make representations regarding the energy consumption or cost of energy of such electric motors, however, they would be required to test according to the DOE test procedure and sampling requirements.

DOE is also proposing test procedure provisions for certain non-induction motor topologies under a new category of “synchronous electric motors,” as discussed in section III.A.8 of this document.

DOE requests comments on its proposal to add electric motors greater than 500 hp (and up to 750 hp) that meet the criteria provided in 10 CFR 431.25(g) (except (8)) and are not listed at 10 CFR 431.25(l)(2)-(4) to the scope of the test procedure. DOE requests comment and supporting information on whether an upper limit of 750 hp is appropriate for the proposed expanded scope of motors greater than 500 hp—and if not, why not.

6. AC Induction Electric Motors Considered “Small”

As discussed, this NOPR addresses motors that are defined as “electric motors” at 10 CFR 431.12. Also as noted, DOE separately regulates “small electric motors.” See 10 CFR part 431 subpart X. A “small electric motor” is a NEMA general purpose AC single-speed induction motor, built in a two-digit frame number series in accordance with NEMA Standards Publication MG1-1987, including IEC metric equivalent motors. 10 CFR 431.442. This section addresses electric motors that are not small electric motors as that term is defined in 10 CFR part 431, subpart X, but that are generally considered small by industry (

i.e.,

“small, non-small-electric-motor electric motor, or SNEM”). In this section, DOE specifically discusses SNEMs that are induction motors. Non-induction motor topologies (specifically certain synchronous electric motors) are discussed in section III.A.8 of this document.

In the July 2017 RFI, DOE requested comment on whether DOE should consider establishing test procedures for SNEMs, as they are not currently subject to either the small electric motor or electric motor test procedures. 82 FR 35468, 35470. SNEMs may have similarities to motors that are currently regulated as small electric motors (such as horsepower) and may be used in similar applications. Accordingly, establishing test procedures for these motors would allow for standardized representations of efficiency of all motors used for similar functions. Table III.1 lists the SNEM motor configurations that DOE requested comment on in the July 2017 RFI.

Table III.1—SNEMs Under Consideration in the July 2017 RFI

Phase count

Horsepower

Frame size

Single

≥0.125 hp and ≤15 hp

All.

Polyphase

≥0.125 hp and ≤5 hp

* 2-digit.

Polyphase

<1 hp

All.

* Polyphase enclosed motors ≥ 1 hp of the 56-frame size are not under consideration for revised test procedures, as certain enclosed 56-frame size polyphase motors were considered in the May 2014 Final Rule, and are regulated at 10 CFR 431.25.

DOE also presented a list of topologies that could be considered as part of this rulemaking: Permanent-split capacitor, polyphase induction, squirrel cage, capacitor-start, reluctance synchronous (also known as synchronous reluctance); shaded-pole; permanent magnet (or permanent magnet synchronous); line-start permanent magnet; switched reluctance; split-phase; and electronically commutated motors. 82 FR 35468, 35471. As previously mentioned, this section discusses only induction electric motors (direct-on-line, inverter-capable, or inverter-only). Non-induction motor topologies—including synchronous reluctance, permanent magnet, line-start permanent

magnet, switched reluctance, and electronically commutated motor) are discussed in section III.A.8 of this document.

In response to the July 2017 RFI, the CA IOUs supported establishing test procedures for additional categories of SNEMs. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, CA IOUs, No. 26 at p. 2). The Joint Advocates supported establishing test procedures for SNEMs as considered in the July 2017 RFI and with a focus on the topologies as identified in the July 2017 RFI (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Joint Advocates, No. 27 at pp. 2-3) Advanced Energy commented in support of including all topologies listed in the July 2017 RFI. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 4) NEMA commented that DOE should not consider test procedures for additional motor topologies for which DOE test procedures do not currently exist. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, NEMA, No. 24 at p. 6)

Although DOE did not discuss the potential of including additional categories of electric motors within the scope of regulated electric motors in the June 2020 RFI, several interested parties addressed the issue of scope in their responses to the June 2020 RFI. The Efficiency Advocates and NEEA and NWPCC commented that DOE should expand its scope of coverage and establish test procedures for SNEMs as identified in the July 2017 RFI. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 2; NEEA and NWPCC, No. 6 at p. 3) Efficiency Advocates suggested that DOE rely on its authority to regulate “other motors” and consider test procedures for SNEMs. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 2)

NEEA and NWPCC commented that these “small” motors are installed in the same application as regulated motors and should be included in scope to allow for fair comparison across motor types and to provide consumers the information necessary to make an informed decision. (NEEA and NWPCC, No. 6 at p. 3) In addition, both the Efficiency Advocates and NEEA and NWPCC further commented that DOE should expand its test procedure scope to other small motor topologies presented in the July 2017 RFI, including permanent-split capacitor, shaded pole and split phase. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at p. 2; NEEA and NWPCC, No. 6 at p. 2)

AHAM and AHRI opposed the development of test procedures, energy conservation standards, and/or certification requirements for any additional categories of small electric motors or electric motors that are component parts, and supported a finished-product approach to energy efficiency regulation. AHAM and AHRI commented that setting such standards could push finished product manufacturers to purchase more expensive motors and increase the cost of appliances and equipment, while not necessarily improving the energy performance of the finished product. AHAM and AHRI asserted that requiring finished product manufacturers to certify compliance with standards for component parts, including the testing, paperwork, and record-keeping requirements that accompany certification would significantly increase burden on manufacturers. AHAM and AHRI also asserted that more efficient motors within a particular topology are likely to be larger and heavier, that home appliances and HVACR equipment have space constraints preventing manufacturers from using larger motors, and that heavier or larger appliances would decrease consumer utility. (AHAM and AHRI, No. 21 at p. 2)

DOE is proposing to include test procedures for additional electric motors not covered under the current electric motors test procedure and that do not meet the definition of small electric motors in 10 CFR part 431, subpart X, but are nonetheless considered “small”,

i.e.,

SNEMs. EPCA provides that “other motors” may be classified as covered equipment by the Secretary of Energy if the Secretary determines that such classification is necessary to carry out the purpose of the Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment

i.e.,

necessary to improve the efficiency of electric motors and pumps and certain other industrial equipment in order to conserve the energy resources of the Nation. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(L) and (2)(B)(xiii); 42 U.S.C. 6312(b)). However, in this NOPR, DOE is proposing to cover motors considered “small” by the industry under its “electric motors” authority (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)).

As discussed in the May 2012 Final Rule, DOE believes that EPCA, as amended through EISA 2007, provides sufficient statutory authority for the regulation of such motors. 77 FR 26608, 26612—26613. Before the enactment of EISA 2007, EPCA defined the term “electric motor” as any motor that is a general purpose T-frame, single-speed, foot-mounting, polyphase squirrel-cage induction motor of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Design A and B, continuous rated, operating on 230/460 volts and constant 60 Hertz line power as defined in NEMA Standards Publication MG1-1987. (See 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(A) (2006)) Section 313(a)(2) of EISA 2007 removed that definition and the prior limits that narrowly defined what types of motors would be considered as electric motors, and instead inserted a new “Electric motors” heading, and created two new subtypes of electric motors: General purpose electric motor (subtype I) and general purpose electric motor (subtype II). (42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(A)-(B)(2011)) In addition, section 313(b)(2) of EISA 2007 established energy conservation standards for four types of electric motors: General purpose electric motors (subtype I) (

i.e.,

subtype I motors) with a power rating of 1 to 200 horsepower; fire pump motors; general purpose electric motor (subtype II) (

i.e.,

subtype II motors) with a power rating of 1 to 200 horsepower; and NEMA Design B, general purpose electric motors with a power rating of more than 200 horsepower, but less than or equal to 500 horsepower. (42 U.S.C. 6313(b)(2)) The term “electric motor” (which frequently appears throughout EPCA, as amended by EISA 2007, and various subparts of 10 CFR part 431) was left undefined.

As described in the May 2012 Final Rule, DOE believed that a definition for “electric motor” was necessary, and therefore adopted the broad definition of “electric motor” currently found in 10 CFR 431.12. At this time, while the definition covers a large set of motors, only those for which energy conservation standards have been set are currently within the scope of the test procedures—

i.e.,

electric motors that meet the criteria specified at 10 CFR 431.25(g) and with the exemptions listed at 10 CFR 431.25(l). These categories of polyphase electric motors between 1 and 500 hp are NEMA Design A motors, NEMA Design B motors, NEMA Design C motors, IEC Design N motors, IEC Design H motors, and fire pump electric motors. In the May 2012 Final Rule, DOE noted that this approach would allow DOE to fill the definitional gap created by the EISA 2007 amendments while providing DOE with the flexibility to set energy conservation standards for other types of electric motors without having to continuously update the definition of “electric motors” each time DOE sets energy conservation standards for a new subset of electric motors.

In this NOPR, DOE proposes to establish test procedures for SNEMs. These motors have similarities to motors that are currently regulated as small electric motors at 10 CFR part 431 subpart X and electric motors at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B. However, DOE proposes to distinguish SNEMs by

specifying combinations of frame sizes, rated motor horsepower, enclosure construction, and additional performance criteria that are not currently included in the existing electric motors and small electric motors regulations at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B and subpart X (

See

Table III.4 and Table III-3)). DOE notes that SNEMs are highly prevalent in the market and are used in similar applications as small electric motors regulated under 10 CFR part 431, subpart X. Accordingly, should DOE establish energy conservation standards for SNEMs in the future, establishing test procedures for these motors would allow for standardized representations of efficiency of all motors used for similar functions. Further, DOE proposes that existing industry test standards can be applicable to these SNEMs (

see

section III.D.2). To the extent DOE were to establish test procedures for a SNEMs prior to the establishment of an energy conservation standard, SNEM manufacturers would not be required to use the test procedure for certification or labeling purposes, until such time as a standard is established. However, any voluntary representations by manufacturers, distributors, retailers, or private labelers about the energy consumption or cost of energy for these motors must be based on the use of that test procedure beginning 180 days following publication of a final rule. DOE's proposal would not require manufacturers who do not currently make voluntary representations to then begin making public representations of efficiency. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) Manufacturers would be required to test such motors in accordance with the DOE test procedure at such time as compliance is required with a labeling or energy conservation standard requirement should such a requirement be established. (42 U.S.C. 6315(b); 42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s))

The following sections discuss each criteria DOE considered for describing the additional SNEMs that DOE proposes to include in the test procedures, as well as justifications. Additionally, exemptions for certain other motors are discussed in section III.A.9.

Table III-2—Description of Single Phase Induction Motors Currently Subject to Energy Conservation Standards and Test Procedures

Motor enclosure construction

NEMA frame size

2-digit NEMA frame size

3-digit NEMA frame size or above

Open

NEMA general purpose capacitor-start induction run, capacitor-start capacitor run motors between 0.25 and 3 hp

None.

Enclosed

None

None.

Note:

This table provides a high-level description. Full description of motors currently subject to energy conservation standards and test procedures available at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B and subpart X.

Table III-3—Description of Polyphase Phase Induction Motors Currently Subject to Energy Conservation Standards and Test Procedures

Motor enclosure construction

NEMA frame size

2-digit NEMA frame size

3-digit NEMA frame size or above

Open

None

Between 1-500 hp.

Enclosed

NEMA 56-frame size only between 1—500 hp

Between 1-500 hp.

Note:

This table provides a high-level description. Full description of motors currently subject to energy conservation standards and test procedures in available at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B and subpart X.

DOE addresses the regulation of electric motors that are component parts in section III.A.10. Furthermore, section III.D.2 provides description of applicable industry standards that provide for the testing of the electric motors that would be subject to the provisions proposed in this NOPR.

DOE proposes to include test procedure provisions for SNEMs, which are described by the criteria listed in Table III.4. These criteria would be specified as a new definition in section 1.2 of appendix B, titled “Definitions.” As noted, were DOE to include SNEMs within the scope of the test procedure, such electric motors would not be required to be tested according to the DOE test procedure until such time as DOE establishes energy conservation standards for SNEMs. If manufacturers voluntarily make representations regarding the energy consumption or cost of energy of such electric motors, however, they would be required to test according to the DOE test procedure and sampling requirements.

Table III.4—SNEMs Proposed in Scope

Criteria number

Description

Are not small electric motors, as defined at 10 CFR 431.442 and are not dedicated pool pump motors as defined at 10 CFR 431.483.

Are single-speed induction motors.

Are rated for continuous duty (MG 1) operation or for duty type S1 (IEC).

Capable of operating on polyphase or single-phase alternating current 60-hertz (Hz) sinusoidal line power (with or without an inverter).

Are rated for 600 volts or less.

Are built in the following frame sizes:

1. Any frame sizes if the motor operates on single-phase power;

2. Any frame size if the motor operates on polyphase power, and has a rated motor horspower less than 1 horsepower (0.75 kW)

3. A two-digit NEMA frame size (or IEC metric equivalent), if the motor operates on polyphase power, has a rated motor horspower equal to or greater than 1 horsepower (0.75 kW), and is not an enclosed 56 NEMA frame size (or IEC metric equivalent).

Produce a rated motor horsepower greater than or equal to 0.25 horsepower (0.18 kW).

DOE requests comments on the proposal to include SNEMs, as specified in Table III.4, within the scope of the test procedure. Specifically, DOE requests feedback on each individual criteria listed in Table III.4. To the extent that these criteria should be revised, DOE seeks supporting information and justification for those revisions.

a. Single Speed

Motors can have different speed capabilities, including single, multi, or (continuously) variable speeds. Variable and multi-speed motors can be tested with existing industry standards at a variety of operating points, but no single metric currently exists to quantify the performance of a variable or multi-speed motor. Variable or multi-speed capability provides the ability to save energy by more closely matching motor output to a varying load. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE stated it was considering whether to consider all speed capabilities in setting any potential new test procedures. 82 FR 35468, 35472. As it relates to those “SNEMs” that DOE is proposing to cover under its test procedure, DOE is considering aligning its approach with the existing regulations for small electric motors and electric motors and include only single-speed “SNEMs” that are induction motors, and would not include AC induction multi-speed electric motors in the scope of the test procedure. Synchronous electric motors with variable-speed capability (at 0.25 hp and above) and comments received on this topic are discussed in section III.A.8 of this document. AC induction inverter-only electric motors that are variable speed are discussed in section III.A.7 of this document.

b. Duty Rating

Motors can be described by their duty type, using either NEMA or IEC nomenclature. Duty type describes the operating profile the motor is designed to handle. For example, a continuous duty motor can operate for long periods of time at a steady load, whereas intermittent-duty motors are operated non-continuously for shorter periods of time (

i.e.,

intermittently, or cyclically), and thus accumulate significantly fewer annual operating hours. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE stated that it was considered analyzing only continuous duty small motors for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure. 82 FR 35468, 35472.

In response to the July 2017 RFI, the Joint Advocates supported a focus on continuous duty motors (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Joint Advocates, No. 27 at p. 2) Advanced Energy commented that intermittent duty motors could be considered for inclusion in the scope of the test procedure. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047; Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 3)

For continuous duty motors, NEMA MG 1-2016 defines a continuous rating as “the load which can be carried for an indefinitely long period of time.”

See

Paragraph 1.40.1. of NEMA MG 1-2016. Similarly, IEC 60034-1 describes an S1 duty rating in section 5.2.1 as “A rating at which the machine may be operated for an unlimited period, while complying with the requirements of this standard.” DOE considers these continuous duty ratings to be equivalent to each other. As described in the July 2017 RFI, DOE limited its consideration to continuous duty motors because they represent more operating hours and potential energy savings in comparison to non-continuous duty motors. 82 FR 35468, 35472. Electric motors and small electric motors currently subject to the test procedures and energy conservation standards in 10 CFR part 431 subpart B and subpart X are rated for continuous duty. Consistent with the electric motors currently within the scope of the DOE test procedure, DOE proposes to add only those “SNEMs” rated for continuous duty, as these motors may be used in similar applications to their electric motor counterparts. These criteria would be reflected in a new definition in section 1.2 by specifying motors that are rated for continuous duty (MG 1) operation or for duty type S1 (IEC).

c. Current Waveform

A motor can be designed to operate with an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) waveform. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE stated it was considering whether to analyze motors that operate while connected directly to an external DC power supply. 82 FR 35468, 35473.

Motors that connect directly to an external DC power source are primarily used in less common, specialty applications that are not served by AC motors (

e.g.,

applications requiring precise motion control or reversibility).

DOE research indicates that these motors have a low market share.

Electric motors currently subject to test procedures and energy conservation standards at 10 CFR part 431 subpart B are supplied by AC sinusoidal line power. DOE proposes to limit the scope of applicability of this test procedure to SNEMs that operate on AC sinusoidal line power (with or without an inverter). DOE notes that these motors include direct-on-line, inverter-capable, and inverter-only electric motors. The specification of AC sinusoidal line power would be reflected in a new definition in section 1.2 of appendix B. Motors that are inverter-only are further discussed in section III.A.7 of this document.

DOE notes that DC motors that operate while connected directly to an external DC power supply are different from more common motors that operate using a DC waveform that is supplied by a power converter placed between the motor and an external AC power source (

e.g.

as in an electronically commutated motor). Comments related to electronically communicated motors are discussed in section III.A.8.

DOE reviewed information on the market share of DC motors for motors above 1 horsepower from the following market report: “Low Voltage Motors, World Market report 2019” November 2019 IHS Markit. DOE notes that this report did not include information related to motors below 1 horsepower.

d. Input Frequency

AC motors are designed to operate at a particular frequency. In the United States, AC power is delivered at 60 Hz. In the July 2017 RFI, DOE discussed analyzing motors designed to operate with a sinusoidal input frequency of 60

Hz, but that may also be designed to operate at different frequencies. For example, some motors are marketed as being capable of operating at either 50 or 60 Hz, and are therefore designed to work while connected to line power in different regions (

e.g.,

Europe and North America). 82 FR 35468, 35473.

In response, Advanced Energy commented that 50 Hz motors could be connected to 60 Hz power supplies and therefore the scope of test procedures applicable to “small motors” should consider 50 Hz motors as well. Advanced Energy noted that NEMA MG1 included efficiency tables for 50 Hz motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047; Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 3).

EPCA authorizes DOE to establish test procedures and energy conservation standards for covered equipment distributed in commerce within the United States. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6302(a);

See also

42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(C)-(D) (defining the terms “definite-purpose motor” and “special-purpose motor,” respectively)) Definite- and special-purpose motors are designed for a particular application (

e.g.,

washdown duty motors) and incorporate features that are not included in general purpose motors (

e.g.,

contact seals). DOE notes that certain definite- and special-purpose motors would require additional testing instructions beyond what industry standards specify. Section III.L discusses these definite- and special-purpose motors and potential additional testing instructions.

Both definite purpose electric motor and special purpose electric motors cannot be used in most general purpose applications. The main difference between definite purpose electric motor and special purpose electric motors is that definite purpose electric motor are designed to standard ratings with standard operating characteristics or standard mechanical construction (as specified in NEMA MG1-2016) while special purpose electric motor are designed with special operating characteristics or special mechanical construction. Section III.L discusses additional testing instructions for the following categories of electric motors: (1) Brake electric motors; (2) close-coupled pump electric motors and electric motors with single or double shaft extensions of non-standard dimensions or design; (3) electric motors with non-standard endshields or flanges; (4) electric motors with non-standard bases, feet or mounting configurations; (5) electric motors with a separately-powered blower; (6) immersible electric motors; (7) partial electric motors; and (8) vertical electric motors and electric motors with bearings incapable of horizontal operation.

7. AC Induction Inverter-Only Electric Motors

The current electric motor test procedures apply to AC induction motors except for those AC induction motors that are “inverter-only electric motors.”

These motors are an exempted category of electric motors listed at 10 CFR 431.25(l)(5).

This section discusses inverter-only electric motors that are AC induction motors. Section III.A.8 discusses inverter-only electric motors that are not AC induction motors.

NEMA MG-1 2016, paragraph 30.2.1.5 defines the term “control” for motors receiving AC power, as “devices that are also called inverters and converters. They are electronic devices that convert an input AC or DC power into a controlled output AC voltage or current”. Converters can also be found in motors that receive DC power and also include electronic devices that convert an input AC or DC power into a controlled output DC voltage or current. See section III.B.3 of this NOPR.

DOE defines an “inverter-only electric motor” as an electric motor that is capable of rated operation solely with an inverter, and is not intended for operation when directly connected to polyphase, sinusoidal line power.” 10 CFR 431.12 DOE notes that more generally, the requirement to operate with an inverter also means that that inverter-only motors are not intended for operation when directly connected to single-phase, sinusoidal line power or to DC power. See section III.B.3 of this NOPR.

In the December 2013 Final Rule, DOE found that testing an inverter-only motor presented multiple difficulties. 78 FR 75962, 75988. Inverter-only motors can be operated at a continuum of speeds, with no established speed testing profile; and the motors may be optimized for different waveforms, which have no established testing standards. Further, without extensive study it would be difficult to generate meaningful test results for products that may be designed for a wide variety of operating inputs. Additionally, at the time, DOE established that the high frequency power signals may be difficult to measure accurately without specialized equipment that testing

laboratories may not possess.

Id.

Consequently, DOE provided an exemption for inverter-only electric motors from the energy conservation standards at 10 CFR 431.25 due to the absence of a reliable and repeatable method to test them for efficiency. 79 FR 30934, 30945.

Since the publication of the December 2013 Final Rule, the industry has developed several methods to test inverter-only motors, as discussed further in section III.D.3. Therefore, DOE proposes to include within the scope of the test procedure AC induction inverter-only electric motors that meet the criteria listed at 10 CFR 431.25(g) and in Table III.4 of this NOPR. As noted, were DOE to include induction inverter-only electric motors within the scope of the test procedure, such electric motors would not be required to be tested according to the DOE test procedure until such time as DOE establishes energy conservation standards for induction inverter-only electric motors. If manufacturers voluntarily make representations regarding the energy consumption or cost of energy of such electric motors, however, they would be required to test according to the DOE test procedure and sampling requirements.

DOE requests comments on its proposal to add test procedure provisions for AC induction inverter-only electric motors. DOE seeks supporting information and justification for including or excluding AC induction inverter-only electric motors in the scope of the test procedure.

8. Synchronous Electric Motors

The current electric motors test procedures apply only to induction electric motors. 10 CFR 431.25(g)(1), appendix B, Note.

The “induction motor” criteria exclude synchronous electric motors from the scope. A “synchronous electric motor” is an electric motor in which the average speed of the normal operation is exactly proportional to the frequency of power supply to which it is connected, regardless of load.

In contrast, in an induction electric motor, the average speed of the normal operation is not proportional to the frequency of the power supply to which it is connected.

For example, a 4-pole synchronous electric motor will rotate at 1800 rpm when connected to 60 Hz power even when the load varies; whereas a 4-pole induction electric motor in the same setup will slow down as load increases.

NEMA MG 1-2016 paragraph 1.17.3.4 defines a “synchronous machine”, as an “alternating-current machine in which the average speed of the normal operation is exactly proportional to the frequency of the system to which it is connected.”

NEMA MG 1-2016 paragraph 1.17.3.3 defines an “induction machine”, as an “an asynchronous machine that comprises a magnetic circuit interlinked with two electric circuits or sets of circuits, rotating with respect to each other and in which power is transferred from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction.”

Synchronous electric motors can operate either direct-on-line (connected directly to the power supply) or as inverter-fed (connected to an inverter). Some inverter-fed electric motors require being connected to an inverter to operate (

i.e.,

inverter-only electric motors) while others are capable of operating both direct-on-line or connected to an inverter (

i.e.,

inverter-capable electric motors).

In the July 2017 RFI, DOE presented a list of motor topologies for which it was considering test procedures. Specifically, DOE identified the following inverter-fed synchronous electric motor topologies that are not included in the current test procedures for electric motors or small electric motors: Line start permanent magnet (“LSPM”);

permanent magnet AC (“PMAC,” also known as permanent magnet synchronous motor (“PMSM”) or brushless AC); switched reluctance (“SR”); synchronous reluctance motors (“SynRMs”); and electronically commutated motor (“ECMs”).

82 FR 35468, 35471 Typically, these motor technologies are used as higher efficiency replacements for single-speed induction motors.

Advanced Energy noted that LSPM motors are synchronous motors. Though these motors have a squirrel cage, they do not operate on the principle of induction as is attributed to regular induction motors. The cage is simply for starting the motor and these motors are essentially synchronous motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047; Advanced Energy, No. 25 at p. 2) This technology is described further in Chapter 3 of the technical support document accompanying the May 2014 Final Rule: During the motor transient start up, the squirrel cage in the rotor contributes to the production of enough torque to start the rotation of the rotor, albeit at an asynchronous speed. When the speed of the rotor approaches synchronous speed, the constant magnetic field of the permanent magnet locks to the rotating stator field, thereby pulling the rotor into synchronous operation. (Docket No. EERE-2010-BT-STD-0027-0108)

All 5 topologies are referred to as “advanced motor technologies” and represent motor technologies that have been more recently introduced on the market and have variable speed capabilities.

LSPM motors can be connected directly to 60 Hz line power and started with a squirrel cage rotor (similar to an induction electric motor) but can also be paired with an inverter to start the motor or have variable-speed capability enabled by integrated electronic controls. SynRMs, SR motors, and PMAC motors are designed for variable-speed operation, and must be controlled by an inverter to be able to start the motor.

ECMs, also known as a brushless DC electric motor, are synchronous motors that operate on DC power via an inverter connected to an AC power supply. ECMs typically consist of an integrated permanent magnet DC motor and an integrated variable frequency drive (“VFD”), which provides speed control capability.

In response to the July 2017 RFI, the Joint Advocates recommended that the test procedures should be (1) applied to a broad range of motor technologies and categories to enable consumers to make fair comparisons; (2) be based on existing test methods where possible; and (3) reflect the relative power consumption over a range of points. The Joint Advocates commented that DOE should prioritize establishing test procedures for primary topologies based on sales, specifically DC motors. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Joint Advocates, No. 27 at pp. 2-3)

The CA IOUs commented that DOE should establish test procedures for the additional motor categories considered in the July 2017 RFI. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 3-5) Specifically, regarding advanced motor technologies, the CA IOUs commented in support of including motors using frequency converters that can be tested in accordance with IEC 60034-2-3:2020 “Rotating electrical machines—Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed AC motors” (“IEC 60034-2-3:2020”); IEC 61800-9-2:2017 “Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems—Part 9-2: Ecodesign for power drive systems, motor starters, power electronics and their driven applications—Energy efficiency indicators for power drive systems and motor starters” (IEC 61800-9-2:2017); and other industry test standards applicable to DC motors such as IEC 60034-2-1:2014. The CA IOUs commented that DOE should establish test procedures for advanced motor technologies that are interchangeable with electric motors currently subject to DOE test procedures. The CA IOUs commented that this would reduce market confusion by providing comparable ratings for substitutable motors and motor systems. The CA IOUs stated that including advanced motor technologies in the scope of the test procedure would ensure that end users are provided with ratings from a uniform test method that can be used to compare and select between electric motors of competing technologies that would ultimately be used in the same end-use applications. Specifically, the

CA IOUs commented that DOE should expand the scope of existing test procedure to include SR, SynRM, PMAC, PMSMs, and motors with an integrated VFD. The CA IOUs provided additional information to demonstrate the technical feasibility and market availability of these advanced motor technologies. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 3-5)

The Efficiency Advocates and NEEA and NWPCC similarly commented that DOE should establish test procedures for the additional motor categories considered in the July 2017 RFI. In addition, the Efficiency Advocates and NEEA and NWPCC similarly urged DOE to consider test procedure modifications to account for electric motors with advanced motor technologies. NEEA and NWPCC commented that including a broad a range of motor technologies, designs, and categories in the test procedure enables consumers to make fair comparisons. The Efficiency Advocates added that the scope of the test procedure should enable any new motor technology to be rated on a fair basis with existing motor technologies. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 5 at pp. 2-3; NEEA and NWPCC, No. 6 at pp. 2-4)

DOE has identified new industry standards since its December 2013 Final Rule that apply to synchronous electric motors (see section III.D.3). Accordingly, DOE proposes to include within the scope of the test procedure synchronous electric motors with the characteristics listed in Table III.8. These criteria would be specified in a new definition in section 1.2 of appendix B, titled “Definitions.”

Table III.8—Synchronous Electric Motors Proposed for Inclusion in Scope

Criteria number

Description

Are not dedicated purpose pool pump motors as defined at 10 CFR 431.483.

Are synchronous electric motors;.

Are rated for continuous duty (MG 1) operation or for duty type S1 (IEC);.

Capable of operating on polyphase or single-phase alternating current 60-hertz (Hz); sinusoidal line power (with or without an inverter);.

Are rated 600 volts or less;.

Have a 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, or 12-pole configuration.

Produce at least 0.25 horsepower (hp) (0.18 kilowatt (kW)) but not greater than 750 hp (373 kW).

Section III.D.3 discusses industry standards that DOE proposes to incorporate by reference and use to test synchronous electric motors.

DOE requests comments on its proposal to add synchronous electric motors to the scope of the test procedure. Specifically, DOE request comments on whether the criteria listed in Table III.8 accurately reflect DOE's intent to propose to include LSPM motors; PMAC motors; SR motors; SynRMs; and ECMs in the scope of the proposed test procedure. To the extent that the criteria listed in Table III.8 should be revised, DOE seeks supporting information and justification for the suggested revision.

9. Exemptions

DOE proposes to include within the scope of the test procedure previously exempted air-over electric motors, submersible electric motors and inverter-only electric motors at 10 CFR 431.25(l), as discussed in sections III.A.3, III.A.4 and III.A.7, respectively. However, in this NOPR, DOE proposes to continue to exempt (1) component sets of an electric motor; and (2) liquid-cooled electric motors. 10 CFR 431.25(l)(2) and (3).

a. Component Sets

Electric motors within the scope of the DOE test procedure typically incorporate a number of components that may include: A rotor, stator, stator windings, stator frame, endshields, bearings, and a shaft. Any combination of these parts that does not form an operable electric motor is considered a component set of an electric motor. An operable motor is engineered for performing in accordance with nameplate ratings. Motor component sets may be sold to third parties with the intention of mounting motor components inside equipment that would provide the necessary elements to allow the component set to operate similarly to a standalone electric motor. For example, a motor component set consisting of a rotor, stator, and stator windings may be purchased and installed inside equipment that provides the structural support and interfacing components necessary to allow performance consistent with that of a complete, operable motor. Third parties may also purchase component sets with the intention of assembling complete, operable motors, in which case the third party would be responsible for certifying that the assembled motor meets any applicable standards.

In the December 2013 Final Rule, DOE determined that the additional parts required to construct an operable motor from a component set may be costly, complex, and are often only provided by a motor manufacturer. 78 FR 75962, 75987. Subsequently, DOE determined that a single testing laboratory would have insurmountable difficulty machining motor parts, assembling the parts into an operable machine, and testing the motor in a way that would be manageable, consistent, and repeatable by other testing laboratories.

Id.

At this time, DOE is unaware of an industry test procedure or instructions that could facilitate the consistent testing of component sets. Therefore, DOE proposes to maintain the existing exemption for component sets of an electric motor at 10 CFR 431.25(l)(2).

DOE requests comment on maintaining the existing exemption of component sets of an electric motor from the scope of the test procedure.

b. Liquid-Cooled Electric Motors

Liquid-cooled motors use liquid (or liquid-filled components) to facilitate heat dissipation but are not submerged in liquid during operation. In the December 2013 Final Rule, DOE described a liquid-cooled electric motor as a motor that circulates one or a combination of several liquids into and around the motor and frame to dissipate heat. 78 FR 75962, 75987. This circulation of liquid for cooling could impact the operating temperature of the motor and, by extension, its efficiency. Further, DOE did not identify any standardized methodology for testing the energy efficiency of a liquid-cooled motor.

Id.

Consequently, in the May 2014 Final Rule, DOE exempted liquid-cooled electric motors from the energy conservation standards at 10 CFR 431.25(l)(3) due to the absence of a reliable and repeatable method to test them for efficiency. 79 FR 30933, 30945. DOE defines a “liquid-cooled electric motor” as a motor that is cooled by liquid circulated using a designated

cooling apparatus such that the liquid or liquid-filled conductors come into direct contact with the parts of the motor. 10 CFR 431.12.

In response to the July 2017 RFI, Advanced Energy commented that it did not support regulating motors that are manufactured for highly specialized applications, such as liquid-cooled motors. (Advanced Energy, EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, No. 25 at p. 6) DOE has preliminarily determined that the testing difficulties previously described for liquid-cooled motors, including lack of a repeatable and reliable test method, still exist. Therefore, DOE continues to propose to exempt liquid-cooled motors from the scope of applicability of this test procedure. However, to more clearly distinguish the exempted liquid-cooled electric motors from submersible electric motors (which DOE is proposing to include within scope, as discussed in section III.A.4), DOE proposes to update the definition for “liquid-cooled electric motors,” as described in section III.B.5.

DOE requests comment on maintaining the existing exemption of liquid-cooled electric motors from the scope of the test procedure.

10. Motor Used as a Component of a Covered Product or Equipment

EPCA provides that no standard prescribed for small electric motors (those regulated in 10 CFR part 431, subpart X) shall apply to any such motor that is a component of a covered product under EPCA or of covered equipment under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6317(b)(3)) EPCA does not establish any such prohibition for electric motors and suggests the opposite. See 42 U.S.C. 6313(b)(1) (providing that standards for electric motors be applied to electric motors manufactured “alone or as a component of another piece of equipment”).

NEMA, McMillan Electric Company, Detech, and Lennox International indicated that they do not support regulating motors that are components of covered products or equipment, but instead support a finished-product approach to energy efficiency regulations.

(Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, NEMA, No. 24 at p. 1; McMillian Electric Company, No. 16 at p. 1; Detech, no. 18 at p. 1; Lennox, No. 22 at p. 1-2) In addition, AHAM and AHRI commented that they oppose DOE requiring testing of motors that only enter commerce as components of another product, including special and definite purpose motors. AHAM and AHRI commented that is too difficult to uniformly test such motors that are designed and destined for specific applications and that are vastly different from one-another. AHAM and AHRI asserted that developing such test procedures would be difficult, if not impossible, and that complying with them would be difficult and costly to manage. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, AHAM and AHRI, No. 21 at p. 5)

A finished-product approach would consider establishing energy conservation standards at the larger equipment level (

e.g.,

HVAC equipment) rather than at the component level (

e.g.,

the motor).

At this time, DOE is not proposing to exclude from its test procedure's scope those motors used as a component of a covered product or covered equipment. DOE notes that the current electric motors test procedure applies to definite purpose and special purpose electric motors, and DOE is not aware of any technical issues with testing such motors using the current DOE test procedure. Furthermore, DOE is proposing additional test instructions for the additional electric motors proposed in scope, including testing instructions for special and definite purpose motors. (See section III.L for further discussion).

DOE requests comment on whether any electric motors, when used as components of covered products or covered equipment, are unable to be tested under the DOE test procedure absent modification to the test procedure. If so, DOE requests information on what such modifications should be and why.

B. Definitions

DOE is proposing to modify 10 CFR 431.12 by either modifying or adding certain definitions applicable to electric motors.

1. Updating IEC Design N and H Motors Definitions and Including New Definitions for IEC Design N and H “E” and “Y” Designations

As discussed in section III.A.1, DOE proposes to clarify that IEC Design HE, HY, HEY, NE, NY, and NEY are already covered equipment. Accordingly, DOE proposes to add definitions for these designs in 10 CFR 431.12 based on the definitions of IEC Design H and N provided in 10 CFR 431.12, and the definitions for IEC Design HE, HY, HEY, NE, NY, and NEY provided in IEC 60034-12:2016. DOE proposes to include these “E” and/or “Y” variants in each instance where IEC Design N and H are currently referenced in 10 CFR 431.25. In addition, DOE proposes to amend the current definitions for IEC Design H and N (which currently reference and are based on IEC 60034-12 Edition 2.1 2007-09) to be consistent with the latest version of that industry standard—IEC 60034-12:2016.

In reviewing IEC 60034-12:2016, DOE identified the following updates as it relates to the definitions: (1) For IEC Design N and Design H motors, the lower end of the rated output power range was reduced from 0.4 kW (0.5 hp) to 0.12 kW (

1/6

hp), and corresponding new limits for minimum values of torque and external moment of inertia were added to these power ratings; and (2) the limits for locked rotor apparent power for motors with protection type “e” were replaced by a reference to IEC 60079-7:2015 “Explosive atmospheres—Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety “e” ” (“IEC 60079-7:2015”). IEC protection type “e” denotes motors to be used in hazardous environments and minimizes air-gap sparking; see section III.C.1 for further description. DOE notes that the update to the lower end of the rated output power range would not affect the applicability of the energy conservation standards, as discussed in section III.C.1.

DOE proposes updating the definitions for IEC Design H and N, consistent with the updates in IEC 60034-12:2016, as follows:

IEC Design H motor

means an electric motor that:

(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;

(2) Contains a cage rotor;

(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;

(4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles;

(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and

(6) Conforms to sections 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting requirements, respectively.

IEC Design N motor

means an electric motor that:

(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;

(2) Contains a cage rotor;

(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;

(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles;

(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and

(6) Conforms to sections 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) specifications for torque characteristics, locked rotor apparent power, and starting requirements, respectively. If a motor has an increased safety designation of type `e', the locked rotor apparent power shall be in accordance with the appropriate values specified in IEC 60079-7:2015. (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15)

Furthermore, DOE proposes to add the following definitions to 10 CFR 431.12:

IEC Design HE

means an electric motor that

(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;

(2) Contains a cage rotor;

(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;

(4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles;

(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and

(6) Conforms to section 9.1, Table 3, and section 9.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting requirements, respectively.

IEC Design HY

means an electric motor that

(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;

(2) Contains a cage rotor;

(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;

(4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles;

(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and

(6) Conforms to section 5.7, section 9.2 and section 9.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting requirements, respectively.

IEC Design HEY

means an electric motor that

(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;

(2) Contains a cage rotor;

(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;

(4) Has 4, 6, or 8 poles;

(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and

(6) Conforms to section 5.7, Table 3 and section 9.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting requirements, respectively.

IEC Design NE

means an electric motor that

(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;

(2) Contains a cage rotor;

(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;

(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles;

(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and

(6) Conforms to section 6.1, Table 3 and section 6.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting requirements, respectively.

IEC Design NY

means an electric motor that

(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;

(2) Contains a cage rotor;

(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;

(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles;

(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and

(6) Conforms to section 5.4, section 6.2 and section 6.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting requirements, respectively.

IEC Design NEY

means an electric motor that

(1) Is an induction motor designed for use with three-phase power;

(2) Contains a cage rotor;

(3) Is capable of direct-on-line starting;

(4) Has 2, 4, 6, or 8 poles;

(5) Is rated from 0.12 kW to 1600 kW at a frequency of 60 Hz; and

(6) Conforms to section 5.4, Table 3 and section 6.3 of the IEC 60034-12:2016 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.15) specifications for starting torque, locked rotor apparent power, and starting requirements, respectively.

DOE seeks comments on the proposed updates to the definitions for IEC Design H, and IEC Design N, and the proposed additional definitions for IEC Design HE, HY, HEY, NE, NY and NEY.

2. Updating Definitions to Reference NEMA MG1-2016 With 2018 Supplements

A number of definitions in 10 CFR 431.12 incorporate references to specific sections of NEMA MG 1-2009 to characterize the construction and operation of different categories of electric motors. DOE is proposing to revise these definitions to update the current NEMA MG 1 references to the most recent edition of that industry standard, NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements. These reference updates would align DOE's regulatory definitions with the current industry standard.

Among the definitions at 10 CFR 431.12 that reference NEMA MG 1-2009, the following definitions include references to sections of NEMA MG 1-2009 that have not changed between the 2009 and 2016 publications of the standard: “electric motor with encapsulated windings,” “electric motor with moisture resistant windings,” “electric motor with sealed windings,” “general purpose electric motor (subtype I),” and “general purpose electric motor (subtype II).”

The following definitions reference provisions of NEMA MG 1-2009 that have changed between the 2009 and 2016 versions: “definite purpose motor,” “definite purpose electric motor,” “general purpose electric motor,” “NEMA Design A Motor,” “NEMA Design B Motor,” “NEMA Design C motor,” and “nominal full-load efficiency.” DOE has initially determined that the changes in NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements do not substantively change these definitions. DOE initially concludes that the updates to “definite purpose motor”, “definite purpose electric motor”, and “general purpose electric motor” would not affect the DOE test procedures or energy conservation standards for electric motors manufactured on or after June 1, 2016, because as of that date the energy conservation standards no longer differentiate between “general purpose” motors and “definite purpose” motors. 10 CFR 431.25(h) and (i).

The definitions for “NEMA Design A motor,” “NEMA Design B motor,” and “NEMA Design C motor” at 10 CFR 431.12 reference tables of locked-rotor current in sections 12.35.1 and 12.35.2 of NEMA MG 1-2009. NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements revise these tables by adding a column for “Locked-Rotor kVA Code” and a footnote regarding a tolerance that may be applied to the locked-rotor current values based on the associated Locked-Rotor kVA Code.

Section 10.37 of NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements provides the applicable range of kVA per horsepower for each locked-rotor kVA code that would be used to calculate the locked-rotor current tolerances required by the footnote. These definitions also reference other sections in NEMA MG 1-2009, each of which remains unchanged in NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements. The addition of the column for “Locked-Rotor kVA Code” is not expected to impact the applicability of test procedures or energy conservation standards for electric motors. DOE notes that the existing tolerance presented in section 10.37 of NEMA MG1-2009 remains unchanged in NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements and its adoption by DOE would also not impact the scope of electric motors that are subject to energy

conservation standards and test procedures. See 85 FR 34111, 34114.

The “Locked-Rotor kVA Code” is a letter that appears on the nameplate of an alternating-current motor to show its range of locked-rotor kilo-volt-ampere (kVA) per horsepower. The letter designations for locked rotor kVA per horsepower are given in Section 10.37 of NEMA MG 1-2016. For example, the letter “N” corresponds to a range of locked rotor kVA per horsepower between 11.2 and 12.5.

The definition for “nominal full-load efficiency” at 10 CFR 431.12 references Table 12-10 of NEMA MG 1-2009, which provides a list of nominal efficiencies and associated minimum motor efficiencies based on a 20 percent loss difference. Table 12-10 in NEMA MG 1-2009 lists nominal efficiency ratings ranging from 50.5 to 99.0, whereas Table 12-10 in NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements lists nominal efficiency ratings ranging from 34.5 to 99.0. The nominal efficiency ratings (and associated minimum efficiencies) in the range of 50.5 to 99.0 did not change between the two versions of the standard. The nominal full-load efficiency requirements specified by the energy conservation standards for electric motors at 10 CFR 431.25 are efficiency values ranging from 74.0 to 96.2; therefore, the addition of nominal efficiency ratings ranging from 34.5 to 50.5 in NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements does not impact the applicability of test procedures or energy conservation standards for electric motors.

Id.

In response to the June 2020 RFI, NEMA commented in support of updating these definitions to NEMA MG1 2016 with 2018 Supplements and agreed that it would not cause an impact to testing burden or test results. (NEMA, No. 2 at p. 2) CA IOUs supported DOE's proposal to update the definitions. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at p. 1)

DOE tentatively concludes that updating the NEMA MG 1 references to NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements would not alter the measured efficiency of electric motors, and would not result in additional test burden. Therefore, DOE proposes to revise the definitions to update its NEMA MG 1 references to NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements.

DOE seeks comments on its assessment that updating the NEMA MG 1 references in the DOE definitions to NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements would not substantially change the definitions currently prescribed in 10 CFR 431.12. DOE also seeks comment on whether the proposed updates would alter the measured efficiency of electric motors.

3. Inverter, Inverter-Only, and Inverter-Capable

DOE defines an “inverter-only electric motor” as an electric motor that is capable of rated operation solely with an inverter, and is not intended for operation when directly connected to polyphase, sinusoidal line power.” DOE also defines an “inverter-capable electric motor” as an “electric motor designed to be directly connected to polyphase, sinusoidal line power, but that is also capable of continuous operation on an inverter drive over a limited speed range and associated load”. 10 CFR 431.12 Inverter-only and inverter-capable electric motors can be sold with or without an inverter.

In addition to not being designed for operation when directly connected to polyphase, sinusoidal power, inverter-only motors are also not designed for operation when directly connected to single-phase, sinusoidal line power or to DC power. To provide a more complete definition, DOE proposes to revise the definition of inverter-only electric motor as follows: “as an electric motor that is capable of continuous operation solely with an inverter, and is not designed for operation when directly connected to AC sinusoidal or DC power supply.” Similarly, DOE proposes to revise the definition of an inverter-capable electric motor as follows: “an electric motor designed to be directly connected to AC sinusoidal or DC power, but that is also capable of continuous operation on an inverter drive over a limited speed range and associated load.”

As previously discussed, paragraph 30.2.1.5 of NEMA MG-1 2016 with 2018 Supplements defines the term “control” for motors receiving AC power, as “devices that are also called inverters and converters. They are electronic devices that convert an input AC or DC power into a controlled output AC voltage or current”. Converters can also be found in motors that receive DC power and also include electronic devices that convert an input AC or DC power into a controlled output DC voltage or current. To support the definition of “inverter-only motor,” DOE proposes to define an inverter as “an electronic device that converts an input AC or DC power into a controlled output AC or DC voltage or current. An inverter may also be called a converter.”

DOE seeks comments on the proposed definitions of “inverter-only electric motor” “inverter-capable electric motor” and “inverter”. If these definitions should be revised, DOE requests supporting information and justification for these revisions.

4. Air-Over Electric Motors

As discussed in section III.A.3, DOE is proposing to include within the scope of the test procedure air-over electric motors. DOE defines the term “air-over electric motor” as: “an electric motor rated to operate in and be cooled by the airstream of a fan or blower that is not supplied with the motor and whose primary purpose is providing airflow to an application other than the motor driving it.” 10 CFR 431.12. In other words, air-over electric motors do not have a factory-attached fan and require a separate means of forcing air over the frame of the motor. The external cooling maintains internal motor winding temperatures within the permissible temperature rise for the motor's insulation class or to a maximum temperature value specified by the manufacturer.

Without an external means of cooling, an air-over electric motor would overheat during continuous operation. Air-over motors can be found in direct-drive axial fans, blowers, and several other applications; for example, single-phase air-over motors are widely used in residential and commercial HVAC systems, appliances, and equipment as well as in agricultural applications.

Sections 12.42 and 12.43 of NEMA MG1-2016 with 2018 Supplements specifies the maximum temperature rises corresponding to four insulation classes (A, B, F, and H). Each class represents the maximum allowable operating temperature rise at which the motor can operate without failure, or risk of reducing its lifetime.

In the July 2017 RFI, DOE noted that the absence of a fan is not a differentiating feature specific to air-over electric motors and that a revised definition may be needed to distinguish such motors from similarly constructed electric motors that are subject to the DOE test procedure. 82 FR 35468, 35472-35473. For example, there is little difference between a totally enclosed fan-cooled electric motor (“TEFC”) and a totally enclosed air-over electric motor (“TEAO”). A user could remove the fan on a TEFC electric motor, and then place the motor in an airstream of the application to obtain an air-over electric motor configuration. Further, other motors categories such as TENV electric motors do not have internal fans or blowers and are similar in construction to TEAO electric motors.

TENV electric motors are “built in a frame-surface cooled, totally enclosed configuration that is designed and equipped to be cooled only by free convection” 10 CFR 431.12.

In the July 2017 RFI, DOE identified that what differentiates air-over motors from non-air-over motors is that they require external cooling by a free flow of air to prevent overheating during continuous operation.

Id.

The risk of overheating can be verified by observing whether the motor's temperature continuously rises during a rated load temperature test instead of stabilizing at

the permissible temperature rise of the motor's insulation class or to a maximum temperature value specified by the manufacturer. During a rated load temperature test, the motor is loaded at the rated full load using a dynamometer until it is thermally stable.

A rated load temperature test is a test during which the motor is loaded at rated full-load by means of a dynamometer until it is thermally stable. Its purpose is to determine the temperature rise of certain parts of the machine above the ambient temperature when running at rated load. The current industry standards referenced by the existing DOE electric motors test procedure each contain provisions for a rated load temperature test.

Without the application of free flowing air, the internal winding temperatures of an air-over electric motor would exceed the maximum permissible temperature (

i.e.,

the motor's insulation class' permissible temperature rise or a maximum temperature value specified by the manufacturer).

Thermal stability (or thermal equilibrium) is defined as the condition in which the motor temperature does not change by more than 1 °C over 30 minutes or 15 minutes depending on the motor category. See Section 5.9.45 of IEEE 112-2017, Section 3.1. of CSA C390-10; Section 10.3.1.3 of IEEE 114-2010; Section 3 of CSA C747-09 (R2019); and Section 6.1.3.2.1 of IEC 60034-2-1.

See Section 7.1.3 of CSA 390-10; Section 6.4 of CSA C747-09 (R2019); 7.1.3.2.1 of IEC 60034-2-3:2014; Section 5.9 of IEEE 112-2017; and Section 10 of IEEE 114-2010.

DOE further provided in the July 2017 RFI that specifying that the external cooling is obtained by a free flow of air is needed to differentiate air-over motors from totally-enclosed pipe-ventilated (“TEPV”) motors. TEPV motors are a category of electric motor that requires external cooling to operate, and the external cooling is directed on the motor via a duct or a pipe rather than a free flow of air.

Id.

Accordingly, in the July 2017 RFI, DOE stated it was considering defining an air-over motor based on its inability to thermally stabilize without the application of external cooling by a free flow of air during a rated load temperature test.

DOE did not find any pipe-ventilated motors in the proposed scope of applicability of this test procedure but is aware that some motors may exist in such configurations. TEPV motors are cooled by supply air which is piped into the motor and ducted out of the motor. They are typically used to overcome heat dissipation difficulties and when air surrounding the motor is not clean (

e.g.,

dust).

In response to the 2017 RFI, Lennox commented that the definition of air-over motors at 10 CFR 431.12 was appropriate. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Lennox, No. 22 at p. 4) NEMA commented that air-over motors could not be identified by physical and technical features alone but did not provide alternative means to identify them. (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, NEMA, No. 24 at p. 6)

Advanced Energy commented that it would be difficult to differentiate air-over motors from TENV motors in terms of physical and/or external features. Advanced Energy commented that air-over motors can be defined by their inability to achieve a stable temperature under standard test conditions. Advanced Energy stated that thermal equilibrium is defined in the referenced test standards, but that DOE could add a definition as part of the air-over motor definition. Advanced Energy commented that the term “rated temperature test” should be replaced with “rated load temperature test.” (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Advanced Energy, No. 25 at pp. 4-5)

Advanced Energy asserted that that the term “external cooling by a free flow of air” used in the July 2017 RFI was ambiguous and that DOE should specify by a “device or equipment not mechanically attached to the motor” or “forced cooling from a fan or blower not connected to the motor.” Advanced Energy explained that some TEFC motors have external fans and therefore, such distinction is necessary. Advanced Energy recommended the following definition for air-over motors: A motor that does not reach thermal equilibrium (also known as “thermal stability”) during a rated load temperature test according to test standards incorporated by reference, without the application of forced cooling by a free flow of air from an external device not mechanically connected to the motor. Advanced Energy commented that thermal equilibrium is already defined in the referenced industry test standards, but that DOE could add a definition as part of the air-over electric motor definition (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047, Advanced Energy, No. 25 at pp. 4-5).

Based on the preceding discussion, to differentiate air-over electric motors from TEFC electric motors with external fans connected to the motor, DOE proposes to define the air-over electric motor definition as an electric motor that does not reach thermal equilibrium during a rated load temperature test without the application of forced cooling by a free flow of air from an external device not mechanically connected to the motor. In addition, DOE does not propose to define thermal equilibrium, as this term is defined in the industry test procedure incorporated by reference.

The referenced definition specifies that thermal equilibrium is characterized by a load temperature test according to section 2 of appendix B.

A “rated load temperature test” is a test during which the motor is loaded at rated full-load by means of a dynamometer until it is thermally stable. See Section 7.1.3 of CSA 390-10; Section 6.4 of CSA C747-09 (R2019); 7.1.3.2.1 of IEC 60034-2-3:2014; Section 5.9 of IEEE 112-2017; and Section 10 of IEEE 114-2010. The term “thermal equilibrium” (

i.e.,

thermal stability) is defined as the condition where the motor temperature does not change by more than 1 °C over 30 min (See Section 5.9.45 of IEEE 112-2017, Section 3.1. of CSA C390-10; Section 10.3.1.3 of IEEE 114-2010; Section 3 of CSA C747-09 (R2019); and Section 6.1.3.2.1 of IEC 60034-2-1).

In summary, DOE proposes to define an air-over electric motor as: “an electric motor that does not reach thermal equilibrium (

i.e.,

thermal stability) during a rated load temperature test according to section 2 of appendix B, without the application of forced cooling by a free flow of air from an external device not mechanically connected to the motor”.

DOE requests comments (

i.e.,

supporting information and technical justification) on the proposed definition for an air-over electric motor—including technical information and support on whether and why the definition should be modified.

5. Liquid-Cooled Electric Motors

DOE defines a “liquid-cooled electric motor” as a motor that is cooled by liquid circulated using a designated cooling apparatus such that the liquid or liquid-filled conductors come into direct contact with the parts of the motor. 10 CFR 431.12.

DOE proposes to include submersible electric motors within scope of the test procedure while continuing to exclude liquid-cooled electric motors. Accordingly, DOE reviewed the existing definitions to ensure that the definitions provide an appropriate distinction between liquid-cooled electric motors and submersible electric motors, because both type of motors use liquid for cooling purposes. DOE notes that the definition for submersible electric motors, as described in section III.A.4 of this document is based on the premise of the electric motor intended to operate only when submerged in a liquid. The current definition for “liquid-cooled electric motor,” however, does not specify whether the electric motor must be submerged in a liquid to operate.

The December 2013 Final Rule discussed the general differences between these categories of electric motors. Specifically, the December 2013 Final Rule described “liquid-cooled motors” as electric motors that use liquid (or liquid-filled components) to facilitate heat dissipation, but are not submerged in liquid during operation. 78 FR 75962, 75975. In order to appropriately distinguish “liquid-cooled electric motors” from “submersible electric motors,” DOE proposes to define “liquid-cooled electric motors” as follows: As a motor that is cooled by liquid circulated using a designated

cooling apparatus such that the liquid or liquid-filled conductors come into direct contact with the parts of the motor, but is not submerged in a liquid during operation.

DOE requests comments (

i.e.,

supporting information and technical justification) on the proposed definition for a liquid-cooled electric motor—including technical information and support on whether and why the definition should be modified.

6. Basic Model and Equipment Class

DOE proposes to amend the definition of “basic model” in 10 CFR 431.12 to make it similar to the definitions used for other DOE-regulated products and equipment, and to eliminate an ambiguity found in the current definition. The definition currently specifies that basic models of electric motors are all units of a given type manufactured by the same manufacturer, which have the same rating, and have electrical characteristics that are essentially identical, and do not have any differing physical or functional characteristics that affect energy consumption or efficiency. (10 CFR 431.12) For the purposes of this definition, the term “rating” is specified to mean one of 113 combinations of horsepower, poles, and open or enclosed construction. (See

id.

) The reference to 113 combinations dates from the Department's implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (“EPACT 1992”) (Pub. L. 102-486), which set initial standards for motors based on that categorization. Since then, EISA 2007 and DOE's regulations have established standards for additional motor categories. See 10 CFR 431.25. To clarify that the concept of a “basic model” reflects the categorization in effect under the prevailing standard, as it stands today and as it may evolve in future rulemakings, DOE proposes to refer only to the combinations of horsepower (or standard kilowatt equivalent), number of poles, and open or enclosed construction for which 10 CFR 431.25 prescribes standards; and to drop the current reference to 113 such combinations.

As such, DOE proposes to replace the term “rating” with the term “equipment class” in the basic model definition. In addition, DOE proposes to define “equipment class” as one of the combinations of an electric motor's horsepower (or standard kilowatt equivalent), number of poles, and open or enclosed construction, with respect to a category of electric motor for which § 431.25 prescribes nominal full-load efficiency standards. This proposal would also limit confusion between the use of the term “rating”

in this specific case and the use of the term as it applies to represented values of other individual characteristics of an electric motor, such as its rated horsepower, voltage, torque, or energy efficiency.

With the aforementioned change, DOE proposes that basic model means, with respect to an electric motor, all units of electric motors manufactured by a single manufacturer, that are within the same equipment class, have electrical characteristics that are essentially identical, and do not have any differing physical or functional characteristics that affect energy consumption or efficiency.

The proposed update to the basic model definition does not alter current representations or efficiencies.

C. Updates to Industry Standards Currently Incorporated by Reference

DOE has reviewed each of the industry standards that are currently incorporated by reference as test methods for determining the energy efficiency of electric motors, and identified updates for the following existing references: IEC 60034-12 Edition 2.1 2007-09 “Rotating Electrical Machines, Part 12: Starting Performance of Single-Speed Three-Phase Cage Induction Motors” (“IEC 60034-12:2007”); NFPA 20-2010 “Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection” (“NFPA 20-2010”); and NEMA MG 1-2009. DOE also notes that CSA C390-10 has been reaffirmed. The revised and reaffirmed industry standards are listed in Table III.9.

Table III.9—Updated Industry Standards Currently Incorporated by Reference

Existing reference

Updated version

Type of update

IEC 60034-12 Edition 2.1 200709

IEC 60034-12 Edition 3.0 2016

Revision.

NFPA 20-2010

NFPA 20-2019

Revision.

CSA C390-10

CSA C390-10 (R2019)

Reaffirmed.

NEMA MG 1-2009

NEMA MG 1-2016 with 2018 Supplements

Revision.

As discussed in section I.B, DOE incorporated by reference IEEE 112-2017 for both small electric motors and electric motors in the January 2021 Final Rule. 86 FR 4. Specifically, for electric motors, reference to IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B in the DOE test procedure replaces the prior reference to IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B. 86 FR 4, 10. DOE determined that reference to IEEE 112-2017 harmonizes the permitted test methods under subpart B of 10 CFR part 431 and aligns measurement and instrumentation requirements with recent industry practice. 86 FR 4, 10. DOE also incorporates by reference IEC 60034-2-1:2014 as an additional alternative test procedure for both small electric motors and electric motors. 86 FR 4, 10-13. Specifically for electric motors, DOE references IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Test Method 2-1-1B as an alternative to IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B and CSA C390-10. 86 FR 4, 12-13. DOE determined that reference to IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Test Method 2-1-1B further harmonizes DOE's test procedures with current industry practice and r

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