Waste Management System; Testing and Monitoring Activities; Proposed Rule: Methods Innovation Rule

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 63, 258, 260, 261, 264, 265, 266, 270, 271, and 279

[FRL-7394-6]

RIN 2050-AE41

Waste Management System; Testing and Monitoring Activities; Proposed Rule: Methods Innovation Rule

AGENCY:

Environmental Protection Agency.

ACTION:

Proposed rule; notice of availability.

SUMMARY:

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) proposes to amend a variety of testing and monitoring requirements throughout the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. We are proposing to allow more flexibility when conducting RCRA-related sampling and analysis, by removing unnecessary required uses of methods found in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” also known as “SW-846,” and only retaining the requirement to use SW-846 methods when the method is the only one capable of measuring a particular property (

i.e.

, it is used to measure a required method-defined parameter). This is an important step towards a performance-based measurement system (PBMS), as part of the Agency's efforts towards

Innovating for Better Environmental Results.

Additionally, we are proposing to: withdraw the reactivity method guidelines from SW-846 Chapter Seven; amend the ignitability and corrosivity hazardous waste characteristic regulations by clarifying the use of certain methods; incorporate by reference Update IIIB to SW-846; add Method 25A for analyses conducted in support of certain RCRA air emission standards; and remove a confidence limit requirement for certain feedstream analyses conducted under the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). In addition, the Agency is announcing the availability of a new guidance document for public comment entitled “RCRA Waste Sampling Draft Technical Guidance.” By making this document available for review and comment, it is our intention to provide draft guidance on waste sampling that would be beneficial to the public. These changes should make it easier and more cost effective to comply with affected regulations, without compromising human health or environmental protection.

DATES:

Send your comments to reach us on or before December 30, 2002.

ADDRESSES:

Comments may be submitted electronically, by mail, by facsimile, or through hand delivery/courier. Send an original and two copies of your comments to: OSWER Docket, Environmental Protection Agency, Mailcode: 5305-G, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460, Attention Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0025. Follow the detailed instructions as provided in section I.B.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

For general information, contact the RCRA Hotline at (800) 424-9346 (toll free) or call (703) 412-9810; or, for hearing impaired, call TDD (800) 553-7672 or TDD (703) 412-3323. For more information on specific aspects of this rulemaking, contact Kim Kirkland, Office of Solid Waste (5307W), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ariel Rios Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460-0002, (703) 308-8855, e-mail address:

kirkland.kim@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. How Can I Get Copies of this Document and Other Related Information?

i. Docket

EPA has established an official public docket for this action under Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0025. The official public docket consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, any public comments received, and other information related to this action. Although a part of the official docket, the public docket does not include Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. The official public docket is the collection of materials that is available for public viewing at the OSWER Docket, EPA West Building, Room B102, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington DC, 20004. This Docket Facility is open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The Docket telephone number is (202) 566-1744. To view docket materials, you should call in advance and make an appointment. You may copy a maximum of 100 pages from any regulatory docket at no charge (unless the documents require copyright permission). Additional copies cost $0.15 per page.

ii. Electronic Access

You may access this

Federal Register

document electronically through the EPA Internet under the

Federal Register

listings at

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/.

An electronic version of the public docket is available through EPA's electronic public docket and comment system, EPA Dockets. You may use EPA Dockets at

http://www.epa.gov/edocket/

to submit or view public comments, access the index listing of the contents of the official public docket, and to access those documents in the public docket that are available electronically. Once in the system, select “search,” then key in the appropriate docket identification number. You may also view and download docket information from the Internet at:

http://www.epa.gov/SW-846.

Certain types of information will not be placed in the EPA public dockets. Information claimed as CBI and other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute, which is not included in the official public docket, will not be available for public viewing in EPA's electronic public docket. CBI materials will be placed in a separate CBI docket that is not available to the public. Redacted versions of documents containing CBI will be placed in the public dockets. In addition, EPA's policy is that copyrighted material will not be placed in EPA's electronic public docket but will be available only in printed, paper form in the official public docket. To the extent feasible, publicly available docket materials will be made available in EPA's electronic public docket. When a document is selected from the index list in EPA Dockets, the system will identify whether the document is available for viewing in EPA's electronic public docket. Although not all docket materials may be available electronically, you may still access any of the publicly available docket materials through the docket facility identified in section I.A. EPA intends to work towards providing electronic access to all of the publicly available docket materials through EPA's electronic public docket.

For public commenters, it is important to note that EPA's policy is that public comments, whether submitted electronically or in paper, will be made available for public viewing in EPA's electronic public docket as EPA receives them and without change, unless the comment contains copyrighted material, CBI, or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. When EPA identifies a comment containing copyrighted material, EPA will provide a reference to that material in the version of the comment that is placed in EPA's electronic public docket. The entire printed comment, including the

copyrighted material, will be available in the public docket.

Public comments submitted on computer disks that are mailed or delivered to the docket will be transferred to EPA's electronic public docket. Public comments that are mailed or delivered to the Docket will be scanned and placed in EPA's electronic public docket. Where practical, physical objects will be photographed, and the photograph will be placed in EPA's electronic public docket along with a brief description written by the docket staff.

For additional information about EPA's electronic public docket visit EPA Dockets online or

see

67 FR 38102, May 31, 2002.

B. How and To Whom Do I Submit Comments?

You may submit comments electronically, by mail, or through hand delivery/courier. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, identify the appropriate docket identification number in the subject line on the first page of your comment. Please ensure that your comments are submitted within the specified comment period. Comments received after the close of the comment period will be marked “late.” EPA is not required to consider these late comments, but will make every effort to do so if time and resources permit. If you wish to submit CBI or information that is otherwise protected by statute, please follow the instructions in section I.C. Do not use EPA Dockets or e-mail to submit CBI or information protected by statute.

i. Electronically

If you submit an electronic comment as prescribed below, EPA recommends that you include your name, mailing address, and an e-mail address or other contact information in the body of your comment. Also include this contact information on the outside of any disk or CD ROM you submit, and in any cover letter accompanying the disk or CD ROM. This ensures that you can be identified as the submitter of the comment and allows EPA to contact you in case EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties or needs further information on the substance of your comment. EPA's policy is that EPA will not edit your comment, and any identifying or contact information provided in the body of a comment will be included as part of the comment that is placed in the official public docket, and made available in EPA's electronic public docket. If EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment.

1. EPA Docket

Your use of EPA's electronic public docket to submit comments to EPA electronically is EPA's preferred method for receiving comments. Go directly to EPA Dockets at

http://www.epa.gov/edocket,

and follow the online instructions for submitting comments. To access EPA's electronic public docket from the EPA Internet Home Page, select “Information Sources,” “Dockets,” and “EPA Dockets.” Once in the system, select “search,” and then key in Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0025. The system is an “anonymous access” system, which means EPA will not know your identity, e-mail address, or other contact information unless you provide it in the body of your comment.

2. E-mail

Comments may be sent by electronic mail (e-mail) to

RCRA-docket@epamail.epa.gov,

Attention Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0025. In contrast to EPA's electronic public docket, EPA's e-mail system is not an “anonymous access” system. If you send an e-mail comment directly to the Docket without going through EPA's electronic public docket, EPA's e-mail system automatically captures your e-mail address. E-mail addresses that are automatically captured by EPA's e-mail system are included as part of the comment that is placed in the official public docket, and made available in EPA's electronic public docket.

3. Disk or CD ROM

You may submit comments on a disk or CD ROM that you mail to the mailing address identified in section I.B.2. These electronic submissions will be accepted in WordPerfect or ASCII file format. Avoid the use of special characters and any form of encryption.

ii. By Mail

Send an original and two copies of your comments to: OSWER Docket, Environmental Protection Agency, Mailcode: 5305-G, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460, Attention Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0025.

iii. By Hand Delivery or Courier

Deliver your comments to:

OSWER Docket, EPA West Building, Room B102, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20004, Attention Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0025. Such deliveries are only accepted during the Docket's normal hours of operation as identified in section I.A.1.

iv. By Facsimile

Fax your comments to (703) 603-9234, Attention Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0025.

C. How Should I Submit CBI to the Agency?

Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI electronically through EPA's electronic public docket or by e-mail. Send or deliver information identified as CBI only to the following address: RCRA CBI Document Control Officer, Office of Solid Waste, Environmental Protection Agency, Mailcode 5305-W, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460, Attention Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0025. You may claim information that you submit to EPA as CBI by marking any part or all of that information as CBI (if you submit CBI on disk or CD ROM, mark the outside of the disk or CD ROM as CBI and then identify electronically within the disk or CD ROM the specific information that is CBI). Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.

In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes any information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public docket and EPA's electronic public docket. If you submit the copy that does not contain CBI on disk or CD ROM, mark the outside of the disk or CD ROM clearly that it does not contain CBI. Information not marked as CBI will be included in the public docket and EPA's electronic public docket without prior notice. If you have any questions about CBI or the procedures for claiming CBI, please consult the person identified in the

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT

section.

D. How Do I Obtain Copies of SW-846?

Proposed Update IIIB and the Third Edition of SW-846, as amended by Final Updates I, II, IIA, IIB, III, and IIIA will be available in pdf format on the Internet at

http://www.epa.gov/SW-846.

A paper copy of Proposed Update IIIB is also located in the docket for this proposal (

see

Addresses

above). Table 1 below provides sources for both paper and electronic copies of the Third Edition of SW-846 and all of its updates.

Table 1.—Sources for SW-846, Third Edition, and Its Updates

Source

Available portions of SW-846

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402, (202) 512-1800

—Paper copies of the SW-846, Third Edition, basic manual and of certain updates, including Final Updates I, II, IIA, IIB, III; Draft Update IVA; and Proposed Update IIIB. Subscriber must integrate the updates.

National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, (703) 605-6000 or (800) 553-6847

—Paper copy of an integrated version of SW-846, Third Edition, as amended by Final Updates I, II, IIA, IIB, and III.

—Individual paper copies of the SW-846, Third Edition, basic manual and of certain updates, including Final Updates I, II, IIA, IIB, III, IIIA; Draft Updates IVA and IVB; and Proposed Update IIIB.

—CD-ROM of integrated version of SW-846, Third Edition, as amended by Final Updates I, II, IIA, IIB, and III (pdf and WordPerfect electronic copies).

—CD-ROM of Draft Update IVA (pdf and WordPerfect electronic copies).

Internet

http://www.epa.gov/SW-846

—Integrated version of SW-846, Third Edition, as amended by Final Updates I, II, IIA, IIB, III, and IIIA (pdf electronic copy).

—Proposed Update IIIB (pdf electronic copy).

—Draft Updates IVA and IVB (pdf electronic copy).

E. What Is the Legal Authority for This Action?

We will promulgate the part 258, 260, 261, 264-266, 270, 271, and 279 regulations under the authority of sections 1006, 2002(a), 3001-3007, 3010, 3013-3018, and 7004 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (commonly known as RCRA), as amended; and sections 101(37) and 114 of the Comprehensive Emergency Response and Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (commonly known as CERCLA), as amended. We will promulgate the part 63 regulation under the authority of sections 112 and 114 of the Clean Air Act.

F. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?

In developing this proposal, we tried to address the concerns of all our stakeholders. Your comments will help us improve this rule. We invite you to provide different views on options we propose, new approaches we have not considered, new data, how this rule may effect you, or other relevant information. We welcome your views on all aspects of this proposed rule, but we request comments in particular on comment topics or questions identified within the preamble. Please note however that we are only proposing revisions to small portions of the various RCRA Program regulations and that this proposal does not re-open other parts of those regulations to public comment or judicial review.

Your comments will be most effective if you follow the suggestions below:

• Explain your views as clearly as possible.

• Provide documented technical information and/or cost data to support your views.

• If you estimate potential burden or costs, explain how you arrived at the estimate.

• Tell us which parts you support, as well as those with which you disagree.

sbull; Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns.

• Offer specific alternatives.

• Refer your comments to specific sections of the proposal, such as the units or page numbers of the preamble, or the regulatory sections.

• Make sure to submit your comments by the deadline in this proposal.

• Be sure to identify the appropriate docket number in the subject line on the first page of your comment. It would also be helpful if you provided the name, date, and

Federal Register

citation related to your comments.

We will respond to both written and electronic comments in a document in the

Federal Register

or in a response to comments document placed in the official record for this rulemaking. Please note that, if you send electronic comments, we will not reply electronically unless to obtain clarification of text that may be garbled in transmission or during conversion to paper form.

G. How Is The Rest of this Preamble Organized?

We list below the order of the major preamble sections which explain our proposed action.

II. Summary of Today's Proposed Rule and Covered Entities

III. Background and Purpose of Proposed Action to Reform RCRA-Related Testing and Monitoring

A. How to Determine if a Method Is Appropriate

B. Why We Selected the Proposed Approach Over Other Approaches

C. Potential Impacts from Removal of Required uses of SW-846 Analyses

IV. Proposed Regulatory Revisions Involving Removal of SW-846 Requirements

A. Removal of Requirements to Use Only SW-846 in § 260.22(d)(1)(i) and Appendix IX to Part 261

B. Removal of Requirements to Use Only SW-846 Method 8290 in § 261.35(b)(2)(iii)(A) and (B)

C. Removal of Requirement to Use Only SW-846 in § 261.38(c)(7)

D. Removal of Requirements to Use Only SW-846 Method 8260 in §§ 264.1034(d)(1)(iii), 264.1063(d)(2), 265.1034(d)(1)(iii), and 265.1063(d)(2)

E. Removal of Requirements to Use Only SW-846 Methods 8260 and 8270 and Revisions to Listing of Method Options in § 265.1084(a)(3)(iii) and (b)(3)(iii); and Revisions to § 265.1084(a)(3)(ii)(C), (b)(3)(ii)(C), and (c)(3)(i)

F. Removal of Requirements to Use Only SW-846 in §§ 266.100(d)(1)(ii) and (g)(2), and 266.102(b)(1)

G. Removal of Requirement to Use Only SW-846 in § 266.106(a)

H. Removal of Requirements to Use Only SW-846 in § 266.112(b)(1) and (b)(2)(i)

I. Removal of Requirements to Use Only SW-846 in Sections 1.0, 3.0, 10.3, and 10.6 of Appendix IX to Part 266

J. Removal of Requirements to Use Only SW-846 Methods in §§ 270.19(c)(1)(iii) and (iv); 270.22(a)(2)(ii)(B); 270.62(b)(2)(i)(C) and (D); and 270.66(c)(2)(i) and (ii)

K. Removal of SW-846 Methods from Incorporation by Reference in § 260.11(a)(11)

V. Proposed Editorial Corrections to SW-846 References in the RCRA Testing and Monitoring Regulations

VI. Proposed Action to Withdraw Reactivity Interim Guidance from SW-846 Chapter Seven and Remove Required SW-846 Reactivity Analyses and Threshold Levels from Conditional Delistings

VII. Proposed Clarifications to Corrosivity and Ignitability Hazardous Waste Characteristics

A. Revision to § 261.22(a)(2) to Clarify That SW-846 Method 1110 Is the SW-846 Standardized Version of the NACE Standard Specified for Corrosivity Characteristic Testing

B. Revisions to § 261.21(a)(1) to Update References to ASTM Standards, to Clarify That SW-846 Methods 1010 and 1020 Reference and Use The ASTM Standards Specified for Ignitability Characteristic Testing, and to Remove an Unnecessary Referral to Method Equivalency Petitions; and Revisions to § 260.11(a)(1) and (2) to Include the Updated References

VIII. Availability of Proposed Update IIIB and Invitation for Public Comment on the Update

IX. Proposed Addition of Method 25A to §§ 264.1034(c)(1)(ii) and (iv) and 265.1034(c)(1)(ii) and (iv)

X. Proposed Removal of Requirements from § 63.1208(b)(8)(i) and (ii) in the NESHAP Standards to Demonstrate Feedstream Analytes Are Not Present at Certain Levels

XI. Announcing the Availability of RCRA Waste Sampling Draft Technical Guidance

A. Why Is the Agency Releasing this Guidance?

B. What is Included in the Draft Guidance?

C. Will this Guidance Replace the Existing Chapter Nine of SW-846?

D. Can the Draft Technical Guidance Be Used Now?

E. When Will the Guidance Be Finalized?

F. Request for Comment

XII. State Authorization Procedures

A. Applicability of Federal Rules in Authorized States

B. Authorization of States for Today's Proposal

C. Abbreviated Authorization Procedures

XIII. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866

B. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) as Amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et. seq

D. Environmental Justice (Executive Order 12898)

E. Protection of Children from Environmental Risks and Safety Risks (Executive Order 13045)

F. Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments (Executive Order 13175)

G. Federalism (Executive Order 13132)

H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995

I. Energy Effects (Executive Order 13211)

J. Paperwork Reduction Act

II. Summary of Today's Proposed Rule and Covered Entities

We, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency), propose to amend our hazardous and nonhazardous solid waste regulations for testing and monitoring activities under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and to amend a testing requirement in the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) from hazardous waste combustors. These changes should make it easier and more cost effective for regulated entities to comply with the respective RCRA and NESHAP regulations. Specifically we are proposing to:

1. Reform RCRA-related testing and monitoring by restricting requirements to use SW-846 to only those situations where the method is the only one capable of measuring the property (

i.e.

, it is used to measure a required method-defined parameter). This will allow more flexibility in RCRA-related sampling and analysis by removing unnecessary required uses of SW-846.

2. Withdraw the cyanide and sulfide reactivity guidance from sections 7.3.3 and 7.3.4 of SW-846 Chapter Seven and withdraw required uses of reactive cyanide and sulfide methods and threshold levels from conditional delistings.

3. Amend the regulations for the ignitability and corrosivity hazardous waste characteristics by clarifying the use of certain methods. As part of this, we are clarifying in § 261.22(a)(2) that SW-846 Method 1110, “Corrosivity Toward Steel,” is the standardized SW-846 method to determine the characteristic of corrosivity toward steel. We also propose to incorporate by reference revisions of the ASTM methods used for the determination of flash point under the characteristic of ignitability. Specifically, we propose to replace references to ASTM Methods D 3278-78 and D 93-79 or D 93-80 in § 261.21(a)(1) with more current versions of the methods, to be referenced as ASTM Methods D 3278-96 and D 93-99c.

4. Incorporate by reference Update IIIB to SW-846, which includes four revised chapters, including the revised Chapter Seven, and eleven revised methods, including method revisions to remove unnecessary required uses of SW-846 Chapter Nine, “Sampling Plan,” and to update references to the aforementioned ASTM methods.

5. Add Method 25A as an analytical option to analyses conducted in support of air emission standards for process vents and/or equipment leaks at treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.

6. Remove a requirement to demonstrate that feedstream analytes are not present at levels above the 80% upper confidence limit above the mean for sources subject to NESHAP: Final Standards for Hazardous Waste Combustors.

This rule does not propose to add any additional requirements to the regulations. Instead, this rule removes certain existing requirements to use SW-846, and it clarifies what the Agency considers to be other appropriate methods. Our goal is to make it easier and more cost effective to comply with the RCRA regulations by allowing more flexibility in method selection and use. If you prefer, you can still use the SW-846 methods referenced in the regulations to demonstrate compliance.

As noted earlier in this preamble, we are only proposing revisions to small portions of the various RCRA Program regulations and this proposal does not re-open other parts of those regulations to public comment or judicial review.

You may be covered by this action if you conduct waste sampling and analysis for RCRA- or NESHAP-related activities. Covered entities include anyone that generates, treats, stores, or disposes of hazardous or nonhazardous solid waste and are subject to RCRA subtitle C or D sampling and analysis requirements; and entities subject to NESHAP final standards for hazardous waste combustors (40 CFR part 63, subpart EEE). All types of industries, governments, and organizations may have entities that generate or manage RCRA-regulated solid wastes and may be subject to RCRA-related sampling and analysis requirements.

To determine whether your facility, company, business organization, etc., is covered by this action, you should carefully examine the applicability criteria in part 63 and in parts 258 through 299 of the Code of Federal Regulations. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the preceding

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT

section.

III. Background and Purpose of Proposed Action to Reform RCAA-Related Testing and Monitoring

Currently, either our hazardous and nonhazardous solid waste regulations for testing and monitoring activities (sampling and analysis) under RCRA or the permits or waste analysis plans of facilities regulated by RCRA specify the analytes of concern to be determined in a matrix of concern at a particular regulatory level of concern. Additionally, some recently promulgated regulations specify the confidence level of concern. Most RCRA regulations leave the how (

i.e.

, which test method to use) up to you, a member of the regulated community. However, some RCRA regulations require the use of methods from the EPA publication “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” also known as “SW-846.”

We initially issued SW-846 in 1980 soon after the first RCRA regulations were published. At that time, we intended that SW-846 serve two roles.

First, we intended that it serve as a guidance manual of generally appropriate and reliable analytical methods for RCRA-related testing and monitoring. Second, we intended that it serve as a readily-available source of those few analytical methods which were first required for complying with the RCRA regulations. Over the years, we published regulations that required the use of SW-846 methods in general. Subsequently, members of the regulated public made it clear to EPA that they would like the opportunity to use other reliable methods in compliance with RCRA, and EPA also decided that some of the SW-846 requirements were not necessary.

The requirement to use SW-846 in general (

e.g.

, the delisting regulations at § 260.22) does not identify specific SW-846 methods. These requirements typically include the analyses of many different analytes which can be determined by many different methods. Almost every update to SW-846 includes at least one method that may be applicable to the requirements. Therefore, whenever we update SW-846, we must incorporate by reference the new and revised methods into the RCRA regulations as part of a rulemaking. We have to issue the updates as a proposed rule, request public comment, and then promulgate the update in a final rule. This lengthy process delays the timely use of new analytical technologies.

Also, in order to use a method different from any required SW-846 method, members of the regulated community have to develop and submit an equivalency petition, pursuant to § 260.21. This petition process discourages the timely use of new and innovative methods, and is very rarely used by the public, perhaps because it is time-consuming. When the proposed changes of this rule are implemented, it will not be necessary to submit an equivalency petition in order to use a non-SW-846 method for most sampling and analysis scenarios.

On May 8, 1998 in the

Federal Register

(63 FR 25430), we first announced our intent to remove the unnecessary required uses of SW-846 methods from the RCRA regulations. At that time, we described our reasons for wanting to remove those required uses from the regulations, including our desire to allow more flexibility in method selection and fully implement a performance-based measurement system (PBMS) in the RCRA Program. We also requested public comment on our plan. The public comments were largely favorable, and we therefore decided to proceed with publication of this proposed rule. You may find summaries of the relevant May 8, 1998

Federal Register

public comments and our responses to those comments in the docket to this proposed rule, docket number RCRA-2002-0025, at the location listed above under

ADDRESSES

.

Therefore, we propose to restrict the requirement to use a specific SW-846 method to only those situations where its particular procedure is the only one that is capable of measuring the property (

i.e.

, a method-defined parameter). For example, to determine compliance with the toxicity characteristic (TC), waste generators must test their waste using SW-846 Method 1311, “The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure,” the TCLP, to determine whether the waste leaching potential is greater than the TC levels specified in § 261.24. The TCLP was developed as a means of simulating the leaching potential of waste material placed in a specific environment. It was the test used to develop the particular regulatory thresholds. No other test is known to yield the same leachate concentrations as Method 1311, the TCLP, and therefore we describe the results obtained from Method 1311 as a required “method-defined parameter.”

Examples of other SW-846 methods that will remain required for method-defined parameters (MDPs) include Method 9040, “pH Electrometric Measurement,” to demonstrate whether a waste exhibits the corrosivity characteristic based on pH levels, and Method 9095, “Paint Filter Liquids Test,” to demonstrate the absence or presence of free liquids in wastes managed in RCRA-regulated treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.

You cannot replace or modify a method if the method is for determination of a RCRA-required method-defined parameter (MDP). However, other MDP methods exist which are not required by the RCRA regulations. It may be possible to modify those methods without adverse regulatory or analytical effects.

To summarize, our reasons for restricting required uses of SW-846 to regulated MDPs include:

1. Allowing the regulated community more flexibility in method use during RCRA-required testing.

2. Stimulating the development and timely use of innovative and more cost-effective monitoring technologies and approaches in the RCRA Program.

3. Allowing more efficient and timely releases of SW-846 methods by decoupling most of the methods from required uses on the RCRA regulations.

4. Making the RCRA Program more effective by focusing on measurement objectives rather than on measurement technologies.

A. How To Determine If A Method Is Appropriate

Our proposed revisions to remove required uses of SW-846 methods include language allowing the use of “appropriate methods such as those found in SW-846 or other reliable sources.” Such a method might be one published by EPA in a different manual or regulation or published by another government agency, a voluntary standards setting organization, or other well-known sources. We retained mention of the SW-846 methods in the regulations as guidance and examples of methods that could be appropriate.

There are two primary considerations in selecting an appropriate method, as addressed below.

i. Appropriate Methods Are Reliable and Accepted as Such in the Scientific Community

Methods published by the Agency or other government entities use techniques that have documented reliability and are generally accepted by the scientific community. SW-846 methods are reviewed by a technical workgroup composed of national expert-level chemists who provide peer input and determine whether method reliability is sufficiently documented. The technical reliability and acceptance of methods published by other governmental or non-governmental organizations may also be documented, especially if the methods are subjected to some form of objective scientific review.

ii. Appropriate Methods Generate Effective Data

Effective data are data of sufficiently known and appropriate quality to be used during project-specific decisions. An example of such a decision is whether a particular waste is hazardous because a constituent of concern is present above a level of concern. Before sampling and analysis begins, project planners should identify why the analysis is being done, how the data will be used, and how “good” the data has to be (

e.g.

, the DQOs). Effective data meet any data quality objectives (DQOs) set by the project planners for the specific project. These objectives (further described below) should be rationally and systematically identified during the planning of the project and development of the project-specific Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), Waste Analysis Plan (WAP), or Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP). Sampling and analysis documentation

should be sufficient to confirm that the data are effective.

Data quality objectives or DQOs generally refer to the necessary quality of the overall decision to be made or, in other words, the tolerable error (

i.e.

, acceptable level of uncertainty for the decision). For example, a DQO for waste analysis may be that one must demonstrate that an analyte is not present above the reported level at the 80 percent upper confidence around the mean, and that the method could have detected the presence of the analyte at that level and confidence limit. A DQO may be specified in a regulation, a permit, a corrective action agreement, or other regulatory or enforcement document. Sometimes you must consider a DQO regulatory specification when selecting an appropriate method. For example, the RCRA comparable fuels' provisions include DQOs in lieu of naming the use of specific methods (see 63 FR 33781, June 19, 1998). You can find guidance on the development of DQOs in EPA's “Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives Process” (EPA QA/G-4) found at EPA's Quality Staff's Web site (

http://www.epa.gov/quality/

), in Chapter One, “Quality Control,” of SW-846, and in ASTM D 5792, “Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives.”

You should identify the types of quality control (QC) concepts (

e.g.

, spike recovery analyses, blanks, etc.) you will use to determine if you meet your objectives. For example, selection of an appropriate method is sometimes demonstrated by adequate recovery of spiked or surrogate analytes and reproducible results, or through successful analysis of a standard reference material of a matrix-type analogous to that of the actual sample matrix. The method may not be appropriate for its intended use if your data show inadequate recovery of an analyte at a level that impairs a decision regarding whether the analyte is present at or below its regulatory level. Such a method would not generate effective data. Based on your QC data, you should determine whether the method generates results that are sufficiently sensitive, unbiased, and precise to demonstrate compliance with the subject regulation.

However, you should not focus only on controlling or documenting analytical quality, because regulatory decisions are also susceptible to error due to sampling procedures. If the contaminant variability is not properly addressed during the planning and collection of samples, an incorrect decision could be reached even though the method performed well in terms of laboratory quality control. No matter how accurate or precise the laboratory analysis, the data will provide misleading information if excessive error is introduced by improper sampling procedures. Guidance on identifying the necessary quality control procedures and on minimizing the potential for both analytical and sampling error can be found at the EPA Quality Staff's Web site (

http://www.epa.gov/quality/

) or in Chapters One, Two, and Nine of SW-846, and in some methods.

Finally, you should identify appropriate methods for a specific project before sampling and analysis begins. As the regulated entity, you are ultimately responsible for compliance with a particular regulation. Therefore, you should not rely on the laboratory or other project participant to select an appropriate method. We recommend that you consult with your regulating authority during identification of performance goals and the selection of appropriate methods.

iii. Request for Public Comments on Appropriate Method Selection and Use

We are interested in public comments regarding the selection and use of other appropriate methods in the RCRA regulations, as described above. We are particularly interested in responses to the following questions:

1. What concerns exist regarding the selection of appropriate methods by the regulated community?

2. What other guidance is needed to aid in the selection of appropriate methods by the regulated community?

B. Why We Selected the Proposed Approach Over Other Approaches

We considered several approaches to promoting method use flexibility in the RCRA regulations. We selected the “appropriate method” approach because it is universally applicable to the subject RCRA regulations. It also requires only minimal revisions to the regulations for implementation.

In addition, the option to use “appropriate methods” is not new to the RCRA regulations. For example, use of the TCLP, SW-846 Method 1311, is required for determinations regarding whether a waste is hazardous for the toxicity characteristic (the TC). It generates an extract (the leachate) which is subjected to determinative analysis for comparison with the TC regulatory limits. However, the TCLP procedure does not require specific methods for the leachate determinative analysis, nor does it specify the use of even SW-846 methods in general for the analysis. It allows method flexibility similar to that proposed by this rule by stating in its sec. 7.2.14: “The TCLP extract shall be prepared and analyzed according to appropriate analytical methods.”

Before finalizing this rule, we would like the public's opinion of the alternative approaches that we considered, as described below. Please provide specific reasons for your positions regarding the alternative approaches, including perceived advantages or disadvantages.

1. As a variation to the “appropriate method” approach described above, should we remove mention of SW-846 methods as examples of appropriate methods from the subject regulations? We are interested in whether retaining mention of the SW-846 methods offers significant advantages or disadvantages. (For example, one disadvantage could be that it might leave an incorrect impression that the SW-846 methods are still preferred by EPA).

2. In lieu of the “appropriate method” approach, should we instead add performance criteria to each regulation, such as done in the aforementioned comparable fuel rulemaking, and not mention or require the use of an appropriate method (including any SW-846 methods)? We did not select this approach because it might not be directly applicable to some regulations and then might require significant regulatory changes with greater impacts.

C. Potential Impacts From Removal of Required Uses of SW-846 Analyses

If the regulatory revisions of this proposed rule are promulgated, you can use any appropriate analytical test method in demonstrating compliance with the RCRA regulations, except for those demonstrations involving required method-defined parameters. For the reasons given in this section, we believe that this action will not significantly or adversely impact the regulated community or other potentially affected parties. In fact, the primary impact of this rule if adopted will be to result in better analytical results and lower costs. All of the entities involved with the task of waste characterization will pay far greater attention to method performance. In addition, project planners and laboratories will be able to identify methods that are potentially less costly to the regulated community.

i. Expected Impact on Regulated Entities

The use of other appropriate methods will be an option, not a requirement. Regulated entities may continue to use the specified SW-846 methods to demonstrate compliance and thus

experience no impact from this rulemaking. EPA will also continue to publish and update SW-846 methods and ensure their scientific soundness by following peer review guidelines and requesting public comment on the methods through

Federal Register

notices.

We primarily believe that an entity will choose to use another appropriate method from that listed in the regulations

only

when it is beneficial to do so. Method choice will be based on expected efficiencies in cost and performance. For example, you may use methods that are more appropriate for your particular matrix, and cut the cost of using unnecessary standards.

Also, a demonstration that another method is appropriate is not new to RCRA-related sampling and analysis and will not involve much more than what regulated entities already should be doing. For example, you should already be setting method performance goals in your Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) or Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP), and evaluating compliance with them based on QC data or other data quality indicators.

Some public comments in response to our notice of May 8, 1998, expressed concern regarding the comparability of data generated by different methods for the same purpose. First, this issue is not new, because some regulations already allow the use of more than one method. We also disagree that this should be a concern, provided that any alternative method is also an appropriate method as defined above. Specifically, if both methods generate effective data and meet the same performance goals of the project, then data from both methods are comparable. This has always been EPA's approach in comparing data by different methods, and it is not affected or changed by this proposal.

As a stakeholder, you may prefer a more prescriptive approach in the regulations because method-specific requirements remove the burden of method-selection decision making. You may believe that this translates into lower costs and better compatibility within a workforce of permit writers and other project participants who may not have method-selection expertise. We are familiar with this argument and would like to better understand its perspective. However, we believe that many method-selection decisions should be project specific and thus, when such an approach is applicable, specific methods should not be required in the regulations. Even before this proposed rulemaking, project planners and other participants should be evaluating the effectiveness of methods during facility or waste evaluations.

You also may be concerned about the impact of this proposal on existing RCRA permits. RCRA permits are typically effective up to ten years. This proposal, if finalized, would only effect new or reissued permits, and only as an option for flexibility in method selection. Therefore, RCRA permits need not be adversely impacted by this action.

Finally, this rule does not propose new information collection or reporting requirements for regulated entities. Sections 260.22(i) (reporting requirements for petitions to exclude wastes) and 264.13(b) and 265.13(b) (reporting requirements for owners and operators of hazardous waste management facilities) provide sufficient reporting requirements to cover RCRA-related testing and analysis documentation regarding the use of other appropriate methods.

ii. Expected Impact on States

Many of the public comments in response to our May 8, 1998, notice favored State adoption of these revisions, but were concerned that this action will impose additional burden on States. In response, we note that the regulatory changes in this rule are equivalent to or less stringent than the existing Federal regulations which they amend. Therefore, authorized States are not required to adopt and seek authorization for this rulemaking. Nevertheless, we encourage the adoption of these or similar revisions by authorized States in order to promote national adoption of PBMS. In addition, if States choose to adopt these revisions, the impact will not be significant since they already conduct method selection and data quality reviews to determine compliance with their testing and monitoring regulations.

iii. Education Efforts by EPA To Facilitate Implementation

Many public comments received on our May 8, 1998 notice expressed a need for communication and training, at all levels, to minimize any adverse impacts and promote implementation. Therefore, we plan to educate and train the States, EPA Regions, and the regulated community regarding the implementation of this rule, through such mechanisms as web and internet training modules, workshops, and fact sheets. Over the past six years, we have offered program-specific training (

e.g.

, “Analytical Strategy for the RCRA Program: A Performance-Based Approach”) for EPA Headquarters, Regional, and State personnel involved in RCRA activities that include sampling and analysis. We plan to offer other courses on the evaluation of data and permit writing from a PBMS and effective data standpoint. In addition, we encourage affected entities to contact the Methods Information Communication Service (MICE Service, see

Addresses

) for answers to any questions or concerns regarding the use of other appropriate methods. These communication and training efforts will help ensure consistency in implementation of this rule by the States, Regions, and regulated community and help limit any associated costs.

iv. Request for Public Comment on Impacts and Implementation

We request public comment on the impact of this proposed rule and how we might promote its successful implementation. We are particularly interested in public comment to the following questions:

1. What can we do to remove implementation barriers and maximize the benefits from the flexibility provided by this action?

2. What might be the economic impact on the regulated community and other entities as a direct result of this action?

3. What concerns exist regarding implementation and compliance assessments involving the use of other appropriate methods?

4. Are there any technical or programmatic barriers to the implementation of this approach?

5. What guidance or training is needed to assure successful implementation of this action?

6. What new or uncommon data quality problems might be caused by allowing increased flexibility in method selection?

IV. Proposed Regulatory Revisions Involving Removal of SW-846 Requirements

Sections IV.A through IV.J address revisions to remove the requirement to use only SW-846 methods and add the flexibility to use other appropriate methods. The overall basis for these revisions is explained in section II above.

Table 2—lists the proposed revisions for each regulation to remove SW-846 requirements and allow the flexibility to use other appropriate methods. It also lists the preamble section which describes the revisions. As addressed by section IV.K, we also propose to revise the incorporation by reference of SW-846 in § 260.11 so that it only includes SW-846 methods required for method-

defined parameters. Therefore, for each section where we propose to remove the requirement to use only SW-846 methods, we propose to also remove the SW-846 incorporation by reference.

Table 2. Revisions to RCRA Regulations to Remove Required Uses of SW-846 Methods

Revised regulation

Affected topic or program

Preamble section

§ 260.22(d)(1)(i)

Delisting

IV.A

Appendix IX to part 261

Delisting

IV.A

§§ 261.35(b)(2) (iii)(A) and (B)

Deletion of certain waste codes following equipment cleaning

IV.B

§ 261.38(c)(7)

Comparable/syngas fuel exclusion

IV.C

§§ 264.1034(d)(1) (iii), 264.1063(d) (2), 265.1034(d)(1) (iii), and 265.1063(d)(2)

Air emission standards for process vents and equipment leaks

IV.D

§§ 265.1084(a)(3) (iii) and (b)(3) tanks, (iii), and 265.1084(a)(3)(ii) (C), (b)(3)(ii)(C), and (c)(3)(i)

Air emission control requirements for surface impoundments, and containers

IV.E

§§ 266.100(d)(1) (ii) and (g)(2), and 266.102(b)(1)

Hazardous wastes burned in boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs)

IV.F

§ 266.106(a)

Control of metal emissions at BIFs

IV.G

§§ 266.112(b)(1) and (b)(2)(i)

Residues from burning of wastes in BIFs

IV.H

Appendix IX, part 266

Methods Manual for BIF regulations

IV.I

§§ 270.19(c)(1) (iii) and (iv), 270.22(a)(2)(ii)(B), 270.62(b)(2)(i)(C) and (D), 270.66(c) (2)(i)and (ii)

Part B information and trial burn plan requirements for incinerators and BIFs

IV.J

0

We request comment on each of the revisions, particularly in response to the following questions:

1. Does the revision provide adequate flexibility in method selection to facilitate the use of new technologies and encourage a greater focus on the performance of monitoring programs during compliance with the regulation?

2. What are the perceived technical and programmatic barriers to implementing the revision?

3. What is the economic impact of the revision?

4. What guidance or training is needed to aid implementation of the revised regulation?

A. Removal of Requirements To Use Only SW-846 in § 260.22(d)(1)(i) and Appendix IX to Part 261

Section 260.22(d)(1)(i) currently states that SW-846 methods must be used as part of a petition to amend part 261 to exclude (“delist”) a waste listed with code “T”. We believe that the mandatory use of only SW-846 methods for this aspect of a delisting demonstration is not necessary. Therefore, we are proposing to revise § 260.22(d)(1)(i) by removing the requirement to use only SW-846 methods, deleting the incorporation by reference referral to § 260.11, and explicitly allowing the use of appropriate methods from other reliable sources. With this revision, if you submit a delisting petition, you will no longer be required to use only SW-846 methods. We also strongly recommend that you work with your regulating entity (

e.g.

, EPA Region or authorized State) during selection of methods for a delisting demonstration. In this instance, the methods are not being used as required method-defined parameters. (Note: We are not proposing revisions to § 260.22(d)(3) of the delisting petition regulations which address the use of methods for determining whether wastes are characteristic hazardous wastes.)

We also propose to revise certain conditional delistings (hazardous waste exclusions) in appendix IX, to Part 261 “Wastes Excluded Under §§ 260.20 and 260.22.” We are revising the delistings to allow the use of appropriate methods besides SW-846 methods during the required waste analysis.

In most cases, we are including the following language in the conditional delistings:

“Analyses must be performed according to appropriate methods such as methods found in SW-846 or other reliable sources (with the exception of analyses requiring the use of SW-846 methods incorporated by reference in § 260.11, which must be used without substitution).” With this language, if you are an owner/operator of the facility, you will have the option to use appropriate methods from other reliable sources besides SW-846.

Some conditional delistings require the use of Methods 9010 (“Total and Amenable Cyanide: Distillation”) and 9012 (“Total and Amenable Cyanide (Automated Colorimetric, with Off-line Distillation”). These methods, although proposed to be retained in § 260.11(a)(11) as method-defined parameters because of their required use under § 268.44, the universal treatment standards under the land disposal restrictions regulations are not being used in those delistings for that purpose. Therefore, we believe the facilities should be allowed to use another appropriate method, if they choose to do so.

Specifically, we propose to revise the conditional exclusions found in Table 1 of appendix IX of part 261 for the following facilities (listed in order of appearance):

—Aptus, Inc., Coffeyville, Kansas

—Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology, Vertac Superfund site, Jacksonville, Arkansas

—BMW Manufacturing Corporation, Greer, South Carolina

—Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Sparrows Point, Maryland

—DuraTherm, Inc., San Leon, Texas

—Eastern Chemical Company, Longview, Texas

—Envirite of York, Pennsylvania

—Geological Reclamation Operations and Systems, Inc., Morrisville, Pennsylvania

—McDonnell Douglas Corporation, Tulsa, Oklahoma

—Occidental Chemical, Ingleside, Texas

—Rhodia, Houston, Texas

—Syntex Agribusiness, Springfield, Missouri

—Texas Eastman, Longview, Texas

—Tyco Printed Circuit Group, Melbourne, FL

We also propose to revise, as described above, the conditional exclusions found in Table 2 of appendix IX of part 261 for the following facilities (listed in order of appearance):

—Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Steelton, Pennsylvania

—Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Johnstown, Pennsylvania

—BF Goodrich Intermediates Company, Inc., Calvert City, Kentucky

—CF&I Steel Corporation, Pueblo, Colorado

—Chaparrel Steel Midlothian L.P., Midlothian, Texas

—Conversion System, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania

—DOE-RL, Richland, Washington

—Envirite, York, Pennsylvania

—Marathon Oil Co., Texas City, Texas

—Occidental Chemical Corporation, Muscle Shoals Plant, Sheffield, Alabama

—Occidental Chemical Corporation, Delaware City, Delaware

—Oxy Vinyls, Deer Park, Texas

—Roanoke Electric Steel Corporation, Roanoke, Virginia

—USX Steel Corporation, USS Division, Southworks Plant, Gary Works, Chicago, Illinois

B. Removal of Requirements To Use Only SW-846 Method 8290 in § 261.35(b)(2)(iii)(A) and (B)

Section 261.35(b)(2)(iii) addresses the testing of rinses from equipment cleaning when generators are demonstrating that certain wastes from wood preserving processes do not meet the listing definition of hazardous waste code F032 (wastewaters, process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use chlorophenolic formulations). Paragraph (A) of the section currently includes a requirement to use SW-846 Method 8290, “Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by High-resolution Gas Chromatography/High-resolution Mass Spectrometry.” The testing of PCDDs and PCDFs using this method does not involve a method-defined parameter. Therefore, we believe that appropriate methods from other reliable sources should be allowed for this determination. In addition, paragraph (B) of § 261.35(b)(2)(iii) defines criteria for “not detected” values based on information found in SW-846 Method 8290. We propose that other appropriate methods should be allowed if they meet those criteria. If you are a generator subject to these regulations, you will still be required to test for PCDDs and PCDFs. However, you will have flexibility in method selection and can consider the use of other methods besides SW-846 Method 8290.

C. Removal of Requirement to Use Only SW-846 in § 261.38(c)(7)

Section 261.38(c)(7) addresses a demonstration for the exclusion of a waste that meets comparable/syngas fuel specifications. The section states that, as the waste generator, you “shall” develop and follow a plan for the sampling and analysis of the waste, and that the plan “shall” be developed in accordance with SW-846. We propose to revise this section by replacing the second “shall” with “should” and allow the use of other sampling and analysis guidance, besides that found in SW-846, during waste analysis plan development, provided the other guidance is appropriate for your demonstration. In this case, other guidance will be appropriate if it addresses procedures needed to meet your sampling and analysis performance goals.

D. Removal of Requirements To Use Only SW-846 Method 8260 in §§ 264.1034(d)(1)(iii), 264.1063(d)(2), 265.1034(d)(1)(iii), and 265.1063(d)(2)

Sections 264.1034(d)(1)(iii), 264.1063(d)(2), 265.1034(d)(1)(iii), and 265.1063(d)(2) collectively provide test methods and procedures applicable to the air emission standards for process vents and/or equipment leaks at treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs). SW-846 Method 9060, “Total Organic Carbon,” and SW-846 Method 8260, “Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,” are required for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC). Method 9060 is used to directly determine TOC, and thus is used for determination of a method-defined parameter. If the conditions under which organic carbon is converted to carbon dioxide are altered, there is a significant potential that a smaller or greater fraction of the carbonaceous material will be converted. Method 8260 is used to determine the individual analytes that may be components of the TOC. This use of Method 8260 is not for a method-defined parameter.

Therefore, we propose to revise these sections to allow the use of appropriate methods from other reliable sources in lieu of SW-846 Method 8260. If you are a facility owner/operator subject to these regulations, you will still be required to determine the TOC content in your waste. However, if you choose not to directly determine TOC by Method 9060, you will be able to consider the use of appropriate methods other than Method 8260 for the determination of individual analytes.

Also, if this rule is finalized, Method 8260 will no longer be incorporated by reference since it will not be solely required by any RCRA regulation. Therefore, we also propose to move the phrase “(incorporated by reference under § 260.11)” from after Method 8260 to after Method 9060. This revision will correctly indicate which method remains incorporated by reference.

E. Removal of Requirements To Use Only SW-846 Methods 8260 and 8270 and Revisions to Listing of Method Options in §§ 265.1084(a)(3)(iii) and (b)(3)(iii); and Revisions to §§ 265.1084(a)(3)(ii)(C), (b)(3)(ii)(C), and (c)(3)(i)

Sections 264.1083 and 265.1084 address the waste determination procedures for the subpart CC air emission control requirements for tanks, surface impoundments, and containers. Section 265.1084 addresses the requirements for interim status treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (facilities that existed at the time that the regulations were established and which needed time to fully comply with the regulations) and provides the details for such procedures. Section 264.1083 addresses the requirements for treatment, storage and disposal facilities which were constructed after the regulations were promulgated and directly references the regulations in § 265.1084. The Agency fully explained the basis and history of the waste determination procedures in these regulations. (

See

59 FR 62915, December 6, 1994; 61 FR 4906, February 9, 1996; 61 FR 59942, November 25, 1996; 62 FR 64646, December 8, 1997; and 64 FR 3384, January 21, 1999.)

One purpose for waste determination under these regulations is to determine if a unit is exempt from the air emission control requirements. One way that a unit can be exempt from the subpart CC requirements is if it manages a hazardous waste with an average volatile organic (VO) concentration less than 500 parts per million by weight (ppmw). As the owner or operator of the waste management facility, you can make a direct determination of the VO concentration using waste analysis. For the purpose of such a waste determination, you must evaluate the mass of all VO constituents in the waste that have a Henry's Law value greater than or equal to 0.1 mole-fraction-in-the-gas-phase/mole-fraction-in-the-liquid-phase (0.1 Y/X), which can also be expressed as 1.8 × 10

-6

atmospheres/gram-mole/m

3

at 25 degrees Celsius. The compounds exceeding these levels are the constituents (analytes) of concern for this determination. (The Henry's Law constant of a compound is one way that is commonly used to predict the potential of a compound to volatilize.)

Sections 265.1084(a)(3)(iii) and (b)(3)(iii) specify the analytical methods that you must use to determine the VO concentration. The list includes Method 25D (“Determination of the Volatile Organic Content of Waste Samples”)

found in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A; Methods 624 (“Purgeables”), 625 (“Base Neutrals and Acids”), 1624 (“Volatile Organics by Isotope Dilution GC/MS”), and 1625 (“Semivolatile Organics by Isotope Dilution GC/MS”) found in 40 CFR part 136, appendix A; and Methods 8260 (“Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”) and 8270 (“Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”) found in SW-846. SW-846 Methods 8260 and 8270 are listed in § 265.1084(a)(3)(iii)(F) and (G) and (b)(3)(iii)(F) and (G).

Method 25D is a nonspecific determinative procedure that provides a total volatile organic concentration. The other methods listed in the subject regulation are analyte-specific determinative procedures. These methods are not being used for method-defined parameters. We originally offered the analyte-specific methods as alternatives to Method 25D in response to public comments regarding the aggressiveness, expense, and repeatability of Method 25D. We added those methods and related conditions for their use so that you would have a range of practical and affordable method options.

However, for consistency with the intent and purpose of this proposed rule, we propose to remove from §§ 265.1084(a)(3)(iii) and (b)(3)(iii) text related to the listing of Methods 624, 625, 1624, 1625, 8260, and 8270 as alternative methods to Method 25D, and add language allowing the use of other appropriate methods from other reliable sources and give Methods 624, 625, 1624, 1625, 8260 and 8270 as examples of such methods. We give our reasons for each revision in the paragraphs to follow.

We are removing the listing of Methods 624, 625, 1624, 1625, 8260 and 8270 as method options because, given the addition of the phrase “or other appropriate methods,” a listing of these methods is unnecessary. We have retained them as examples of appropriate methods because they cover many of the analytes of interest, and are approved methods for RCRA-related analyses. By making this change, we are still abiding by our original intent to include methods in the regulations as options to Method 25D. We are not revising that intent; we are only revising how it is expressed in the regulations. This was the original intent of the language added to § 265.1084 in response to public comments.

As an owner or operator subject to these regulations, you will have the flexibility to use one or more different methods, provided that the methods are appropriate for the determination. The target analyte lists of Methods 8260 and 8270 might not cover all organic compounds with a Henry's Law constant equal to or greater than 0.1 Y/X (which can also be expressed as 1.8 × 10

-6

atmospheres/gram-mole/m

3

at 25 degrees Celsius) of concern in a given hazardous waste, and other appropriate methods may be necessary to complete the analysis. On the other hand, you may know that your waste contains only a few analytes of concern and a method with a smaller analyte list is more appropriate.

In addition to the above, we propose to correct language in other paragraphs of § 265.1084. First, § 265.1084(a)(3)(ii)(C), (b)(3)(ii)(C), and (c)(3)(i) currently state that an example of an acceptable sampling plan includes a plan incorporating the sampling requirements specified in SW-846. We propose to revise these sections to make it clear that the sampling procedures found in SW-846 are not requirements. We intend that information in SW-846 regarding sampling be only used as guidance. We are not removing the requirements to prepare and maintain an acceptable sampling plan and one which includes the requirements contained in Method 25D.

Second, we propose to remove the incorporation by reference for SW-846 in § 265.1084(a)(3)(ii)(C), (a)(3)(iii), (b)(3)(ii)(C), (b)(3)(iii), and (c)(3)(i) since only required methods for the analysis of method-defined parameters will be retained in § 260.11 should this proposal be finalized, and SW-846 sampling procedures will not be required for compliance with any regulation under RCRA.

F. Removal of Requirements To Use Only SW-846 in §§ 266.100(d)(1)(ii) and (g)(2), and 266.102(b)(1)

Part 266, subpart H, addresses the standards for the management of hazardous wastes burned in boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs). Sections 266.100(d)(1)(ii) and (g)(2) currently require the use of SW-846 methods “or alternative methods that meet or exceed the SW-846 method performance,” when sampling and analyzing feedstocks for a conditional exemption for smelting, melting, and refining furnaces that burn hazardous waste solely for legitimate recovery. Section 266.102(b)(1) contains the same language regarding waste analysis in support of permits. When we finalized this regulation, we added the use of “alternative methods” in response to concerns that SW-846 method detection limits cannot be achieved when analyzing certain feedstream matrices (

see

56 FR 42504, August 27, 1991). The subject rule noted that we could reject the use of an alternative method because it may not meet or exceed the performance capabilities of the SW-846 methods or the recommended methods.

In this instance, the SW-846 methods are not being used for method-defined parameters. Therefore, we propose to remove from §§ 266.100(d)(1)(ii) and (g)(2) and 266.102(b)(1) the phrase regarding alternative methods and add language allowing the use of “appropriate” procedures from other reliable sources. This change will explicitly allow the use of other appropriate methods and maintain consistency in our language throughout the RCRA regulations regarding the use of other methods. The broad, conforming changes that we are proposing to make throughout the regulations are essentially similar to what is included here. While we are changing specific language here, we are not changing the original intent of the regulation. In fact, we are proposing to use the original intent of this regulation throughout the other RCRA regulations, when applicable.

G. Removal of Requirement To Use Only SW-846 in § 266.106(a)

Section 266.106 provides the standards to control emissions of metals at BIFs. Paragraph (a) of this section states that the owner/operators must comply with the standards for any listed metal of concern that is present at detectable levels using SW-846 methods. The listed metals of concern include antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, thallium, and silver. In this instance, the SW-846 methods are not being used for the analysis of method-defined parameters and their required use is not necessary. Therefore, we propose to revise this section by removing the requirement to use only SW-846 methods, deleting the reference to § 260.11, and explicitly allowing the use of other appropriate methods.

H. Removal of Requirements To Use Only SW-846 in § 266.112(b)(1) and (b)(2)(i)

Section 266.112 of the BIF regulations addresses the regulation of residues resulting from the burning or processing of hazardous wastes in BIFs. Paragraph (b)(1) provides testing requirements for the exclusion of such residues based on comparison of appendix VIII, part 261, constituents in a waste-derived residue to those in a normal residue. It states that sampling and analysis must be in conformance with the procedures of

SW-846. The section does not specify the use of any SW-846 methods for method-defined parameters. In addition, the preamble to the Hazardous Waste Combustion Maximum Achievable Control Technologies (MACT) rulemaking of September 30, 1999 (64 FR 52828) stated that EPA does not require the use of SW-846 methods for the analysis of feedstreams in order to be consistent with a move toward PBMS. Therefore, we propose to remove the requirement to use only SW-846 procedures during the BIF residue exclusion demonstration, to delete the reference to § 260.11, and to explicitly allow the use of other appropriate methods. If you are an owner/operator subject to this regulation, and you select this option, you will still be required to determine if the residue contains appendix VIII constituents. However, you will have more flexibility in the selection of a method for the determination.

In addition, § 266.112(b)(2)(i) requires the use of only SW-846 procedures during a residue exclusion demonstration based on a comparison of non-metal constituent concentrations in the waste-derived residue with health-based limits provided in appendix VII to part 266. Under this section, the testing of the residue does not involve a method-defined parameter and the required use of only SW-846 methods is not necessary. We propose to revise this section by removing the required use of only SW-846 procedures and explicitly allowing the use of other appropriate methods. If you are an owner/operator subject to this regulation, and you select this option, you will still be required to compare levels of non-metal constituents with the health-based limits of appendix VII. However, you will have more flexibility in the selection of a method for the determination. We are not revising § 266.112(b)(2)(ii), which will continue to require the use of the TCLP for the leaching of metal constituents during the residue exclusion demonstration under § 266.112(b)(2).

I. Removal of Requirements To Use Only SW-846 in Sections 1.0, 3.0, 10.3, and 10.6 of Appendix IX to Part 266

Appendix IX to part 266 contains the methods manual for compliance with the BIF regulations. The last paragraph of section 1.0, “Introduction,” currently identifies all SW-846 methods to the BIF manual as required procedures for determining compliance with the BIF regulations. The section text does not specifically reference the method numbers; instead it only refers to the methods of SW-846 in general. However, not all of the SW-846 methods for BIF-related analysis are used for method-defined parameters. Therefore, we propose to revise the last paragraph of section 1.0 to explicitly list those SW-846 methods used for method-defined parameters in BIF-related analyses (

i.e.

, air sampling) and which cannot be substituted with other methods. Those methods will remain required for BIF-related analyses, if this proposal is finalized. These methods include air sampling Methods 0011 (“Sampling for Selected Aldehyde and Ketone Emissions from Stationary Sources”), 0023 (“Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Emissions from Stationary Sources”), 0050 (“Isokinetic HCl/Cl

2

Emission Sampling Train”), 0051 (“Midget Impinger HCl/Cl

2

Emission Sampling Train”), 0060 (“Determination of Metals in Stack Emissions”), and 0061 (“Determination of Hexavalent Chromium Emissions from Stationary Sources”).

The following two methods are those BIF methods which do not involve method-defined parameters and which can be substituted with other appropriate methods for BIF-related analyses: SW-846 Method 9057, “Determination of Chloride from HCl/Cl

2

Emission Sampling Train (Methods 0050 and 0051) by Anion Chromatography,” and Method 8315, “Determination of Carbonyl Compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).” We propose to add sentences to the last paragraph of section 1.0 of appendix IX to part 266 that allows the use of appropriate methods from other reliable sources for these determinations.

[Note: Methods 0050 and 0051, referenced in the title of Method 9057, describe the collection of stack gas emission samples for subsequent determinative analysis of hydrogen chloride and chlorine. Method 9057, an ion chromatography method, is typically used in the determinative analysis of chloride from the samples generated by those methods. During use of Methods 0050 and 0051, Cl- ions are collected in separate solutions for subsequent determinative analysis (

e.g.

, using Method 9057). Methods 0050 and 0051 remain required methods for a method-defined parameter because a change in their sampling procedures (

e.g.

, a change in the nature of the solutions submitted for determinative analysis) could result in different results by the determinative method. However, it is not necessary to exclusively require Method 9057 for the chloride determination because, when appropriate, other determinative methods besides Method 9057 may be used for that determination.]

Given the above, we also propose to revise the “Note” of section 3.0, “Sampling and Analytical Methods,” to reflect that the complete SW-846 manual will no longer be incorporated by reference as a source of required methods for BIF-related analyses.

Section 10.3, “Basis,” addresses the determination of metal concentrations during BIF-related analyses. Paragraph (2) of this section references SW-846, as incorporated by reference, as the source for methods for the determinations. Methods for such determinations are not used for method-defined parameters. Therefore, we propose to revise the section so that other appropriate methods can be used, and remove the indication that these SW-846 methods are incorporated by reference.

Finally, the fourth bullet of paragraph (5) of section 10.6, “Precompliance Procedures,” indicates that daily sample composites must be prepared according to SW-846 procedures. We propose to revise this bullet to allow other appropriate procedures and reflect the intent that SW-846 sampling procedures only be used as guidance.

J. Removal of Requirements To Use Only SW-846 Methods in §§ 270.19(c)(1)(iii) and (iv); 270.22(a)(2)(ii)(B); 270.62(b)(2)(i)(C) and (D); and 270.66(c)(2)(i) and (ii)

Section 270.19 describes the part B information requirements for incinerators. Paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of that section states that, when submitting information in lieu of a trial burn, the applicant must identify any hazardous constituents listed in appendix VIII of part 261 that are present in the waste by using SW-846. Sections 270.62(b)(2)(i)(C) and (D) and 270.66(c)(2)(i) and (ii) provide the same requirements for the trial burn plans submitted by hazardous waste incinerator and BIF permit applicants.

In addition, § 270.22 provides specific part B information requirements for BIFs. Paragraph (a)(2)(ii)(B) of that section states that, when seeking to permit BIFs that burn low risk wastes to waive the DRE trial burn, owner/operators must submit results using SW-846 analytical techniques documenting the concentrations of the nonmetal compounds of appendix VIII of part 261.

Each of the above sections include requirements to use only SW-846 methods during the analyses of appendix VIII, part 261, constituents. These analyses do not involve the use of SW-846 methods for method-defined

parameters. We propose to remove these requirements, to delete the references to § 260.11, and to explicitly allow the use of appropriate methods from other reliable sources. If you are an applicant, you will still be required to conduct analyses for the appendix VIII constituents of concern. However, you will have flexibility in the selection of an appropriate method.

K. Removal of SW-846 Methods From Incorporation by Reference in § 260.11(a)(11)

Currently, all methods of SW-846 are incorporated by reference at § 260.11(a)(11) “when used” within the RCRA regulations. All of SW-846 had to be incorporated by reference because some RCRA regulations require in general any SW-846 method (

e.g.,

the delisting regulations). The required methods had to be incorporated by reference because they are too lengthy for publishing directly in the regulations and they are readily available to the public in the SW-846 manual. In this rule, we propose to restrict required uses of SW-846 methods for the analysis of method-defined parameters. Therefore, we propose to revise § 260.11(a)(11) to remove the incorporation by reference of all SW-846 methods except those SW-846 methods that may be required for the analyses of method-defined parameters. Those methods will remain incorporated by reference when used for method-defined parameters and required by the RCRA regulations (a few are not explicitly required by the RCRA regulations at this time).

It is important to note that a method listed in § 260.11(a)(11) because it is used for analysis of a method-defined parameter is sometimes used for non-mandatory purposes. For example, Methods 9010, “Total and Amenable Cyanide: Distillation,” and 9012, “Total and Amenable Cyanide (Automated Colorimetric, with Off-line Distillation)” are listed in some conditional delistings and are not being used for a method-defined parameter. Therefore, the facilities can use another appropriate method for those analyses. However, these same methods are used as method-defined parameters under § 268.44, the universal treatment standards under the land disposal restrictions regulations. In that case, the methods cannot be substituted. Therefore, due to the latter scenario, those two methods are incorporated by reference in the regulations at § 260.11(a)(11). It is the application of a method in a regulation that determines whether a method is being used to analyze a required method-defined parameter—not simply whether the method is listed in § 260.11(a)(11).

Given this proposal, the SW-846 methods to remain as incorporated by reference in § 260.11(a)(11) are listed in Table 3.

Table 3.—SW-846 Methods To Remain in § 260.11(a)(11)

SW-846 method

Method title

0010

Modified Method 5 Sampling Train.

0011

Sampling for Selected Aldehyde and Ketone Emissions from Stationary Sources.

0020

Source Assessment Sampling System (SASS).

0023

Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-

p

-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Emissions from Stationary Sources.

0030

Volatile Organic Sampling Train.

0031

Sampling Method for Volatile Organic Compounds (SMVOC).

0040

Sampling of Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents from Combustion Sources Using Tedlar® Bags.

0050

Isokinetic HCl/Cl

2

Emission Sampling Train.

0051

Midget Impinger HCl/Cl

2

Emission Sampling Train.

0060

Determination of Metals in Stack Emissions.

0061

Determination of Hexavalent Chromium Emissions from Stationary Sources.

1010

Pensky-Martens Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability.

1020

Small Scale Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability.

1110

Corrosivity Toward Steel.

1310

Extraction Procedure (EP) and Structural Integrity Test.

1311

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure.

1312

Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure.

1320

Multiple Extraction Procedure.

1330

Extraction Procedure for Oily Wastes.

3542

Extraction of Semivolatile Analytes Collected Using Method 0010 (Modified Method 5 Sampling Train).

5041

Analysis for Desorption of Sorbent Cartridges from Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST).

9010

Total and Amenable Cyanide: Distillation.

9012

Total and Amenable Cyanide (Automated Colorimetric, with Off-line Distillation).

9040

pH Electrometric Measurement.

9045

Soil and Waste pH.

9060

Total Organic Carbon (TOC).

9070

n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) for Aqueous Samples.

9071

n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) for Sludge, Sediment, and Solid Samples.

9095

Paint Filter Liquids Test.

Please note that we are not adding any new methods to § 260.11(a)(11)—each method listed above is already a part of SW-846 and was incorporated by reference during previous rulemakings. We are only removing from incorporation by reference those methods that will no longer be required should this proposal be finalized. For each method retained as incorporated by reference, we are indicating in § 260.11(a)(11) the promulgated version of the method which was last incorporated by reference and thus which must be used during regulatory compliance.

V. Proposed Editorial Corrections to SW-846 References in the RCRA Testing and Monitoring Regulations

We also propose to correct inaccurate references to SW-846 (some of which are logical outgrowths to the proposed revision to § 260.11), and clarify method selection flexibility in the RCRA regulations. Table 4 lists and summarizes these proposed changes to the RCRA regulations.

Table 4.—Proposed Corrections and Clarifications

Regulation

Correction or clarification

§ 258.28(c)(1)—Liquids restrictions

Correction to add “incorporated by reference in § 260.11” after mention of SW-846 Method 9095, “Paint Filter Liquids Test”

Appendix I to part 258—Constituents for detection monitoring

Correction to include SW-846 Method 6020 as an example of an appropriate method for detection monitoring.

Appendix II to part 258—List of inorganic and organic hazardous constituents

Clarification regarding the use of other appropriate methods by removing the “Suggested Methods” and “PQLs (μ g/L)” columns, removing footnotes 1, 5 and 6 and revising and renumbering the remaining footnotes, as appropriate. (As noted in footnote 1, the methods and PQLs were given for informational purposes only; and, as noted in footnote 6, the PQLs were directly related to the indicated methods and not part of a regulation.).

§ 260.21(d)—Petitions for equivalent methods

Clarification that equivalent methods will be added to § 260.11, instead of just added to SW-846.

§§ 261.3(a)(2)(v), 279.10(b)(1)(ii), 279.44(c), 279.53(c), and 279.63(c)—Rebuttable presumption for used oil

Clarification that other appropriate methods beside the example SW-846 methods can be used in analyses to show that a used oil does not contain hazardous waste.

Appendix III to part 261—Chemical analysis test methods

Clarification regarding the use of other appropriate methods.

§§ 264.1034(f) and 265.1034(f)—Test methods and procedures

Clarification that appropriate methods other than SW-846 Method 8260 are allowed to resolve disagreements regarding concentration estimates.

Appendix IX to part 264—Ground-water monitoring list

Clarification regarding the use of other appropriate methods by removing the “Suggested Methods” and “PQLs (μ g/L)” columns and removing footnotes 1, 5 and 6 and revising and renumbering the subsequent footnotes, as appropriate. (As noted in footnote 1, the methods and PQLs were given for informational purposes only; and, as noted in footnote 6, the PQLs were directly related to the indicated methods and not part of a regulation.).

§ 265.1081—Definitions

Correction to SW-846 reference in definition of “waste stabilization process”.

Appendix IX to part 266—Methods manual for compliance with BIF regulations

Corrections to reflect removal of SW-846 methods from the manual on June 13, 1997 and clarification in existing guidance regarding use of other appropriate methods and SW-846.

VI. Proposed Action To Withdraw Reactivity Interim Guidance From SW-846 Chapter Seven and Remove Required SW-846 Reactivity Analyses and Threshold Levels From Conditional Delistings

We are also proposing to withdraw the reactivity interim threshold levels and reactive cyanide and sulfide methods from Chapter Seven of SW-846 and from certain conditional delistings found in appendix IX to 40 CFR part 261. In particular, July 1985, EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW) issued a memorandum entitled “Interim Thresholds for Toxic Gas Generation.” This 1985 memorandum contained interim threshold levels for toxic cyanide and sulfide gas generation and draft analytical methods for testing wastes for those levels. This reactive cyanide and reactive sulfide guidance was developed in response to public inquiries about how to evaluate wastes for the characteristic of reactivity under § 261.21(a)(5). In response to subsequent concerns about the effectiveness of the guidance (as explained further below), EPA's OSW reexamined the guidance, and on April 21, 1998, issued a memorandum entitled “Withdrawal of Cyanide and Sulfide Reactivity Guidance” which withdrew the July 1985 guidance. At this time, given the 1998 withdrawal of the reactive cyanide and sulfide interim threshold levels and draft method guidance, EPA proposes to withdraw the same guidance from Chapter Seven, “Characteristics Introduction and Regulatory Definitions,” of SW-846 and to withdraw required uses of the interim threshold levels and methods found in certain conditional exclusions (also called delistings) at 40 CFR part 261, appendix IX. The following paragraphs provide background information regarding the 1985 guidance and its withdrawal in 1998, and provide the basis for this proposal. See the docket, number RCRA-2002-0025, of this rulemaking for a copy of the 1985 and 1998 memorandums.

40 CFR 261.23 contains eight narrative descriptions of properties used to identify solid wastes exhibiting the hazardous waste characteristic of reactivity (EPA Hazardous Waste Number D003). The fifth of those properties at § 261.23(a)(5) addresses cyanide- and sulfide-bearing solid wastes. The regulation states that one way a solid waste can be reactive is if “it is a cyanide- or sulfide-bearing waste which, when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases, vapors or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment.” The regulation does not require that a particular test method be used for determination of this reactive property. Instead, as with each of the reactivity characteristic properties, the regulated public must base their determination on the narrative standard and knowledge of their waste.

Some of the hazardous waste characteristics are defined in terms of properties measurable by standardized testing protocols. However, regarding the reactivity characteristic, EPA noted that available test methods suffered from a number of shortcomings which made it inappropriate to specify a numerically quantified definition with accompanying test protocols (

see

45 FR 33110, May 19, 1980). In addition, reactive wastes may exist and pose a hazard under a variety of situations and circumstances, and it would be difficult to adequately quantify and test for all of those situations. The Agency noted that a lack of a quantified definition and accompanying test methods would not cause problems because most generators

of reactive wastes are aware that their wastes possess the property and require special handling. Consequently, the Agency developed the narrative definitions found at § 261.23 as sufficient information to determine whether a waste is hazardous based on reactivity.

However, the Agency received many public inquires regarding how to evaluate wastes for the reactivity characteristic property at § 261.23(a)(5). The Agency therefore initiated studies on the possible development of numerical limits and test methods for the property. On an interim basis, the Agency issued the memorandum in July 1985 which provided interim threshold levels for “toxic gas generation reactivity.” These limits were 250 mg of HCN/kg of waste for total available cyanide and 500 mg of H

2

S/kg of waste for total available sulfide. The memorandum provided draft testing methods for measuring the available cyanide and sulfide and noted that on-going studies may result in changes to the methods. The memorandum also provided a description of the mismanagement scenario used to derive the interim threshold levels. This scenario assumed disposal of cyanide- and sulfide-bearing wastes into an open pit containing acidic wastes, resulting in a rapid and high level release of toxic gas. After issuance of the 1985 memorandum, the guidance threshold levels and draft test methods were included in sections 7.3.3 (“Interim Guidance for Reactive Cyanide”) and 7.3.4 (“Interim Guidance for Reactive Sulfide”) of Chapter Seven of EPA Publication SW-846, “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods.”

The 1985 memorandum contained non-binding interim guidance and was not a regulation. The EPA reactivity threshold limit and method studies mentioned by the document were not successfully completed. No threshold levels or test methods were ever proposed or promulgated and included in § 261.23(a)(5) as numerically quantified definitions of a reactive hazardous waste. The addition of the 1985 interim limits and draft methods to Chapter Seven of SW-846 did not change the guidance status of the levels and methods for purposes of judging if a waste exhibits the characteristic of reactivity because the reactivity characteristic at § 261.23 does not specify the limits or use of the SW-846 methods. EPA intended that the 1985 and Chapter Seven information only be used as guidance of what might be hazardous.

Since cyanide and sulfide reactivity under § 261.23(a)(5) does not specify the use of a SW-846 method and instead relies on a narrative standard, the SW-846 methods are not incorporated by reference at § 260.11 for the purpose of determining whether a waste is hazardous based on that property of the reactivity characteristic. However, as noted above in section III.A (“Removal Of Requirements to Use only SW-846 in §§ 260.22(d)(1)(i) and Appendix IX to Part 261”) of this proposal, some conditional delistings were promulgated after 1985 that require the use of SW-846 methods, including use of the reactive cyanide and reactive sulfide test methods found in SW-846 Chapter Seven. Some of these conditional delistings also specify the reactive cyanide and sulfide limits of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, as delisting action levels.

In early 1998, the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) of EPA expressed concerns regarding the effectiveness of the reactivity guidance contained in the 1985 memorandum and Chapter Seven of SW-846, and urged that EPA withdraw the guidance. Consequently, EPA's OSW conducted a review of the 1985 guidance mismanagement scenario, the derivation of the guidance threshold levels, and the relationship of the scenario and thresholds to the test method results. After this careful review, EPA concluded that NEIC's concerns regarding effectiveness of the guidance were well founded. To summarize, EPA concluded that the guidance had the following significant flaws: (1) The test conditions evaluate a single pH condition and not the range of pH conditions (2 to 12.5) specified in the regulation; (2) the test conditions do not adequately recover the analyte and thus the tests predict low percentages of analyte releases in the waste, (3) the mismanagement scenario and test conditions are not correctly scaled between each other, and (4) the mismanagement scenario of an open pit is not the only exposure of concern and may not represent a plausible worst case scenario. (See the April 21, 1998 memorandum at

http://www.epa.gov/SW-846/

for detailed information regarding NEIC's concerns and EPA's conclusions.) EPA consequently withdrew the July 1985 guidance through the aforementioned April 21, 1998 memorandum.

Therefore, in conjunction with the 1998 withdrawal of the 1985 cyanide and sulfide reactivity guidance, we propose to remove sections 7.3.3 and 7.3.4 from Chapter Seven of SW-846. We will include the revised Chapter Seven in Proposed Update IIIB to SW-846.

It is necessary to use a rulemaking to remove sections 7.3.3 and 7.3.4 from Chapter Seven, even though the sections were originally added only as guidance, because as noted above certain conditional delistings found in Tables 1 and 2 of 40 CFR part 261, appendix IX, do require use of the methods in those sections. The 1998 withdrawal of the 1985 guidance did not affect those requirements. Since the delistings require the use of SW-846 methods, the reactive cyanide and sulfide methods found in SW-846 are incorporated by reference for the purpose of implementing those specific delisting provisions. We therefore, propose to remove required uses of the SW-846 Chapter Seven methods for reactive cyanide and sulfide from a number of conditional delistings.

In addition, some of the conditional waste exclusions list the reactive cyanide and sulfide interim threshold levels found in the 1985 memorandum and in Chapter Seven as delisting action limits. Therefore, due to Agency concerns regarding the effectiveness of those levels for determining whether a waste is hazardous, the Agency also proposes to remove those levels from the delistings.

The Agency notes that the exclusions in 40 CFR part 261 appendix IX only apply to listed hazardous wastes. As noted by §§ 260.22(c)(2), (d)(4) and (e)(4), an excluded waste may still be a hazardous waste by operation of subpart C of part 261, which contains the RCRA regulations addressing characteristic hazardous wastes. Therefore, generators of excluded wastes are still required to continue to determine whether their wastes remain non-hazardous based on the four hazardous waste characteristics, including the characteristic of reactivity. (EPA's “RCRA Delisting Program Guidance Manual for the Petitioner,” March 23, 2000, affirms this requirement by stating that generators with excluded wastes remain obligated to determine whether their waste remains non-hazardous based on the hazardous waste characteristics.) Therefore, removal of required testing for reactive cyanide and sulfide based on the SW-846 methods and threshold levels does not relieve the generators of delisted wastes from a reactivity characteristic determination. Given the regulatory requirement in § 260.22(c)(2), (d)(4) and (e)(4) it also is not necessary to replace the reactive cyanide and sulfide method requirements or threshold levels in those delistings with language requiring a determination based on the narrative at § 261.23(a)(5),

or on any other property under the reactivity characteristic.

As noted by the 1998 memorandum, we understand that withdrawal of the reactivity guidance meant that waste generators who relied on this guidance in the past might have somewhat greater uncertainty about determining the regulatory status of their cyanide- and sulfide-bearing wastes. However, the Agency believes that generators of sulfide- and cyanide-bearing wastes can recognize the acute toxicity of sulfides and cyanides without relying on the guidance test methods and threshold levels. Where wastes with high concentrations of soluble sulfides and cyanides are managed, generators have relied on their knowledge of the waste to classify them as D003. Generators should continue to classify their high concentration sulfide- and cyanide-bearing wastes as hazardous based on the narrative standard of 261.23(a)(5), as they always have been required to do.

We are interested in public comments on the removal of the reactivity guidance from Chapter Seven and on the removal of the reactive cyanide and sulfide analytical requirements and threshold levels from the conditional delistings.

VII. Proposed Clarifications to Corrosivity and Ignitability Hazardous Waste Characteristics

Sections VII.A and VII.B address proposed revisions to the corrosivity characteristic and the ignitability characteristic testing requirements. The revisions include changes to references to ASTM standards and SW-846 methods. These revisions are non-substantive updates of the methods presently used in the regulations and will not affect which wastes are determined to be hazardous based on the characteristics. We request public comment on each of the proposed revisions.

A. Revision to § 261.22(a)(2) To Clarify That SW-846 Method 1110 Is the SW-846 Standardized Version of the NACE Standard Specified for Corrosivity Characteristic Testing

Section 261.22(a)(2) defines the hazardous waste characteristic of corrosivity for a liquid which corrodes steel. The required test method for the determination is identified as “the test method specified in NACE * * * Standard TM-01-69 as standardized in * * * SW-846 * * *” As explained in the May 19, 1980 regulations (

see

45 FR 33084) which added § 261.22 to the RCRA regulations, EPA standardized the NACE Standard TM-01-69 in SW-846. As also explained in the background document to the corrosivity characteristic, NACE Standard TM-01-69 describes a simple immersion test to determine the rate of corrosion, and the procedure is not completely standardized because it was designed to test the suitability of metals for a variety of uses. In 1980, a public commenter was concerned that the incomplete standardization of the NACE Standard permitted undesired variation in test conditions. EPA agreed and, in response to the public comment, put a standardized version of the method in SW-846 so that the procedure more clearly defined the appropriate test conditions. At the time, we did not specify which test method of SW-846 included the standardized version of the NACE method. This SW-846 method has always been Method 1110, “Corrosivity Toward Steel.” Therefore, we propose to add the number of this method to § 261.22(a)(2) for clarification of which SW-846 test method is the standardized version of NACE. This revision to § 261.22(a)(2) does not represent a change to the characteristic.

B. Revisions to § 261.21(a)(1) To Update References to ASTM Standards, To Clarify That SW-846 Methods 1010 and 1020 Reference and Use the ASTM Standards Specified for Ignitability Characteristic Testing, and To Remove an Unnecessary Referral to Method Equivalency Petitions; and Revisions to § 260.11(a)(1) and (2) To Include the Updated References

Section 261.21(a)(1) defines the hazardous waste characteristic of ignitability for a liquid which has a flash point less than 60 °C (140 °F). For the determination, the section requires the Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester using ASTM Standard D 93-79 or D 93-80, or a Setaflash Closed Cup Tester using ASTM Standard D 3278-78. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has revised these standards. We compared the latest versions of the standards with the ones currently referenced by § 261.21(a)(1). We found that the differences between ASTM Standard D 3278-78 and the new version D 3278-96 were not substantive and will not affect whether a waste is identified as hazardous based on the ignitability characteristic. We also compared ASTM Standard D 93-80 with the newer versions D 93-99c and D 93-00. Again, we found that the D 93-99c differences were not substantial. However, we found that the D 93-00 differences may be substantial because that version specifies different sample container volumes for different sample types. Specifically, it requires that all matrices except residual fuel oil be collected in containers not more than 85% or less than 50% full. The revision may significantly affect the characteristic results, since the potential to lose flammable volatile constituents will be greater from sample containers that may now have as much as 50% headspace. We are interested in public comment on this evaluation and conclusion. You can review a copy of our ASTM standard comparisons in the docket (number RCRA-2002-0025) to this proposed rule.

Given the above, we propose to revise § 261.21(a)(1) so that the use of “ASTM Standard D 93-79 or ASTM Standard D 93-80” is replaced by the use of “ASTM Standard D 93-99c” for an ignitability characteristic determination using the Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester. We also request comment on whether we should instead replace the older standard with “ASTM Standard D 93-00.” Please give detailed reasons for your position.

Likewise, we propose to revise § 261.21(a)(1) whereby the use of “ASTM Standard D 3278-78” is replaced by the use of “ASTM Standard D 3278-96” for a determination using the Small Scale Closed Cup Apparatus (formerly called the Setaflash Closed Cup Tester in ASTM D 3278-78). We also propose to revise the incorporation by reference citations for these methods at § 260.11(a)(1) and (2) to reflect the updated references of these ASTM methods.

In addition, the most current versions of SW-846 Method 1010, “Pensky-Martens Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability,” and Method 1020, “Setaflash Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability,” use the above ASTM standards as their method procedures. A brief summary of the ASTM procedure is provided by each method and the reader is referred to the appropriate ASTM standard for information on how to conduct the subject test. Therefore, we propose to also revise § 261.21(a)(1) to clarify that the ASTM standards for ignitability characteristic determinations are used and referenced by the subject SW-846 methods.

Finally, regarding § 261.21(a)(1), we propose to remove the end of the last sentence which refers to the equivalent test method demonstration. This information is adequately addressed in §§ 260.20 and 260.21. It is not necessary to repeat the information regarding method equivalency petitions in each section of a RCRA regulation which requires use of a test method. Also, this revision is consistent with similar sections on testing in part 261 and other parts of the RCRA regulations.

None of the above proposed revisions represent a change to the ignitability characteristic.

VIII. Availability of Proposed Update IIIB and Invitation for Public Comment on the Update

SW-846 is a guidance document that changes over time as new information and data are developed. Today, we propose to revise several methods and chapters of SW-846 and release these revisions as an update to the Third Edition of SW-846. To date, EPA has finalized Updates I, II, IIA, IIB, III, and IIIA to the Third Edition of the SW-846 manual. On May 8, 1998 (

see

63 FR 25430) and on November 27, 2000 (

see

65 FR 70678), we also respectively announced the availability of Draft Update IVA and Draft Update IVB methods and chapters, which we published for guidance purposes only. The revised methods of today's update (Update IIIB) are used for method-defined parameters and thus, any required uses of those methods will remain in the RCRA regulations (a few of the methods are not explicitly required in the current RCRA regulations). Therefore, we are formally proposing them today as Update IIIB to SW-846. Our reasons for the method revisions follow.

First, as noted earlier, ASTM released Standards D 93-99c, “Flash Point by Pensky-Martins Closed Cup Tester,” to replace D 93-80 (which previously replaced D 93-79) and D 3278-96, “Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus,” to replace D 3278-78. The current versions of SW-846 Methods 1010 and 1020 reference the older versions of those standards. We propose to replace these out-of-date references in Methods 1010 and 1020 with references to the newer versions of the subject ASTM standards. We also propose to revise the title of Method 1020 from “Setaflash Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability” to “Small Scale Closed Cup Method for Determining Ignitability” for consistency with the title of ASTM Standard D 3278-96. None of the above revisions to Methods 1010 and 1020 represent a change to the ignitability characteristic.

We also propose to clarify the surface area equation found in Sec. 4.5 of Method 1110, “Corrosivity Toward Steel.” We have received questions from the public indicating that the current equation is not sufficiently clear as written, due to the equation font and format. We wish to note that the equation shown in the method can be correctly followed if one uses the rules for mathematical function precedence (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and then division). Nevertheless, we are changing Sec. 4.5 of Method 1110 to a format that is less subject to misinterpretation. This does not represent a significant change to that method or the characteristic because the new presentation does not change the equation or calculation result.

We also propose to include in Update IIIB seven revised methods which will be retained at § 260.11(a)(11) because they might be required for RCRA-related method-defined parameters. We are also revising the text in section 6.0 of most of these methods to remove required uses of Chapter Nine during the required uses of those methods. We are making these revisions to clarify that use of sampling directions found in Chapter Nine of SW-846 is guidance and not required under the RCRA Program. These revisions do not modify any required uses of the methods in the RCRA regulations or the results from using the methods. Regarding Method 9070A, we are adding the suffix “A” and a method title, which were inadvertently left out during its last promulgation as part of Update IIIA.

To address editorial revisions due to the revised methods, Update IIIB will include a revised Table of Contents and revised Chapters Five, Six, and Eight. Chapters Five, Six, and Eight will be revised to include the new method numbers for the revised methods of Proposed Update IIIB. Also, Chapter Seven will be revised to reflect the withdrawal of the reactive cyanide and sulfide guidance in sections 7.3.3 (“Interim Guidance for Reactive Cyanide”) and 7.3.4 (“Interim Guidance for Reactive Sulfide”), and to replace certain characteristic explanatory text with referrals to the regulations themselves.

In conclusion, we propose to revise § 260.11(a)(11) to include the eleven Update IIIB revised methods described above. Table 5 provides a listing of the Update IIIB eleven revised SW-846 methods and four revised chapters and Table of Contents. The method numbers in the table reflect the appropriate method revision letter suffix (

e.g.

, A, B, C, etc.). These suffixes are not always reflected in the RCRA regulations themselves (

e.g.

, the regulations typically only cite the method number without a suffix), nor are they reflected at § 260.11(a)(11). However, as noted earlier in this proposal, during compliance with those regulations, the regulated community must only use the latest promulgated revision of those methods as indicated in § 260.11(a)(11).

Table 5 also identifies those sections or parts of each method or chapters which are revised and are open for public comment. We will not consider comments on the other sections or parts of the methods or chapters because those portions are not changed by Proposed Update IIIB.

Table 5.—Revised Methods and Chapters

Method No.

Method or chapter title

Sections or parts of methods or chapters open for comment

Table of Contents

References to the revised methods.

Chapter Five—Miscellaneous Test

References to the revised methods.

Chapter Six—Properties

References to the revised methods.

Chapter Seven—Characteristics Introduction

Secs. 7.1.2, 7.2.2, 7.3.2, and removal of secs. 7.3.3 and 7.3.4.

Chapter Eight—Methods for Determining Characteristics

References to the revised methods.

1010A

Pensky-Martens Closed-Cup Method for Determining Ignitability

Secs. 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, and 3.1 and ref. 4 of sec. 4.0.

1020B

Small Scale Closed Cup Method for Determining Ignitability

Title and secs. 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, and 2.4 and ref. 4 of sec. 4.0.

1110A

Corrosivity Toward Steel

Sec. 4.5.

1310B

Extraction Procedure (EP) Toxicity Test Method and Structural Integrity Test

Secs. 1.1 and deleted 6.1

9010C

Total and Amenable Cyanide: Distillation

Secs. 1.1 and deleted 6.1.

9012B

Total and Amenable Cyanide (Automated Colorimetric, with Off-line Distillation)

Secs. 1.1 and deleted 6.1.

9040C

pH Electrometric Measurement

Deleted Sec. 6.1.

9045D

Soil and Waste pH

Deleted Sec. 6.1.

9060A

Total Organic Carbon

Deleted Sec. 6.1.

9070A

n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) for Aqueous Samples

Title.

9095B

Paint Filter Liquids Test

Deleted Sec. 6.1.

Note:

A suffix of “A” in the method number indicates revision one (the method has been revised once). A suffix of “B” in the method number indicates revision two (the method has been revised twice). A suffix of “C” in the method number indicates revision three (the method has been revised three times).

IX. Proposed Addition of Method 25A to §§ 264.1034(c)(1)(ii) and (iv) and 265.1034(c)(1)(ii) and (iv)

We propose to revise §§ 264.1034(c)(1)(ii) and (iv) and 265.1034(c)(1)(ii) and (iv) to allow use of Method 25A, as well as Method 18, during analyses in support of air emission standards for process vents and/or equipment leaks at hazardous waste management facilities. We added the flexibility to use a method other than Method 18 as a result of feedback from the regulated public. Method 18 is a technique best applied when the test matrix is known and the number of target compounds is limited. It identifies individual components. On the other hand, Method 25A is a total volatile organic compound (VOC) measurement method. Members of the regulated public found it difficult to effectively use Method 18 in compliance with the subject regulation because their sources contain up to hundreds of regulated compounds, and because the test matrix changes daily. The Agency believes that allowing the use of Method 25A will solve this problem. Also, from an environmental protection viewpoint, Method 25A may be more protective than Method 18 because it is a total analysis method and responds to total volatile organic carbon without differentiating among individual components. Therefore, this change will allow the needed method selection flexibility without lessening environmental protection. As part of this change, we added equations for the calculation of total mass flow rates for sources utilizing Method 25A. Both Methods 25A and 18 are located in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.

X. Proposed Removal of Requirements from § 63.1208(b)(8)(i) and (ii) in the NESHAP Standards to Demonstrate Feedstream Analytes are not Present at Certain Levels

EPA promulgated the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Hazardous Waste Combustors on September 30, 1999 pursuant to section 112 of the Clean Air Act. Sections 63.1208(b)(8)(i) and (ii) require sources, for each feedstream, to demonstrate that: (1) Each analyte is not present above the reported level at the 80% upper confidence limit around the mean; and (2) the analysis could have detected the presence of the constituent at or below the reported level at the 80% upper confidence limit around the mean.

Several stakeholders raised concerns about implementing this requirement. For example, stakeholders questioned the ability to calculate a confidence level around the mean for data distributions that are not “normal.” Stakeholders also raised the concern that applying a confidence level criteria to each individual feedstream unnecessarily results in a combined feedstream confidence level that is much higher than 80%. While the original intent of these provisions was to place a greater emphasis on performance rather than protocol, the provisions as written are not clear. For example, the term “reported level” is not defined and is not used elsewhere in the regulations. This makes interpretation and application of these provisions difficult.

Upon re-evaluating this provision, we believe that it is inappropriate to require explicit feedstream analytical DQO requirements for hazardous waste combustors in the regulations. The various questions raised by stakeholders suggest that issues relating to feedstream analytical DQOs need to be addressed on a case-by-case basis. We therefore propose to delete § 63.1208(b)(8)(i) and (ii). We will retain the preceding regulatory language that states “It is your responsibility to ensure that the sampling and analysis procedures are unbiased, precise, and that the results are representative of the feedstream.” In addition to the above regulatory language, we note that § 63.1209(c) also addresses general feedstream analysis requirements. In particular, § 63.1209(c)(1) states that a source must, prior to feeding the material, “obtain an analysis of each feedstream that is sufficient to document compliance with the applicable feedrate limits.” We believe that sources should develop feedstream analytical DQOs consistent with the general principal of ensuring compliance with their applicable feedstream limits.

We anticipate that hazardous waste combustion sources will establish feedstream analytical DQOs that reflect the site-specific needs at their particular facility, and include these DQOs in their Title V permit (when required by the permitting official) and also in their feedstream analysis plan that is required pursuant to § 63.1209(c). This feedstream analysis plan must be kept on site in the operating record, and is subject to review and approval by the authorized regulatory Agency upon request.

XI. Announcing the Availability of the RCRA Waste Sampling Draft Technical Guidance

A. Why Is the Agency Releasing this Guidance?

As part of the Agency's efforts towards Innovating for Better Environmental Results, we have worked to revise the existing waste sampling guidance in Chapter Nine of SW-846. Many advances in waste sampling strategies have occurred since the existing waste sampling guidance Chapter Nine was initially published in 1986.

The Agency believes that a critical element in a program design is a well-thought out systematic waste sampling or characterization plan for evaluating hazardous wastes. This should include consideration of approaches to address issues regarding evaluating physical and

chemical properties of solid waste. We believe it is our obligation to provide current guidance and better tools to address these environmental monitoring issues in accordance with performance based measurement principles.

Several EPA offices have worked closely together to develop this guidance (the Office of Solid Waste, EPA Regions, the Office of Research and Development, and the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance.) In addition, in order to achieve expert external peer review, we have sought and received considerable input from public stakeholders knowledgeable about sampling issues and techniques.

B. What Is Included in the Draft Guidance?

The draft technical guidance contains information on how to develop a sampling plan to determine if (1) a solid waste exhibits any of the characteristics of a hazardous waste, (2) a hazardous waste is prohibited from land disposal regulations, and (3) a numeric treatment standard has been met. The guidance can also be used as a tool for implementing and assessing your program. In addition, the guidance is an excellent resource of information on other guidance documents that may help the user meet other sampling objectives such as site characterization under the RCRA corrective action programs.

Finally, the guidance includes a glossary of terms, information on fundamental statistical concepts and optimizing the design for obtaining the data, examples of how to control variability and bias in sampling, guidance on selecting equipment and conducting sampling analysis, and information on how to assess data.

In addition, we believe the guidance is a good working tool for planning and implementing your sampling program, and assessing sampling information. The guidance includes statistical concepts which can promote the development of scientifically sound and effective data. It is our intention to provide these statistical concepts in a user-friendly manner.

C. Will This Guidance Replace the Existing Chapter Nine of SW-846?

This document will update and replace the original sampling guidance version of Chapter Nine found in EPA publication SW-846 when the Fourth Edition of SW-846 is published. It is our intention to make the guidance available as a stand-alone document titled, “RCRA Waste Sampling Draft Technical Guidance.”

After receipt of your comments, EPA will evaluate them and then revise the guidance as appropriate. The document when finalized will replace the existing sampling guidance of Chapter Nine, and SW-846 will reference the separate, stand-alone sampling guidance document.

D. Can the Draft Technical Guidance Be Used Now?

By releasing the guidance, EPA immediately makes available a wealth of new statistical concepts, examples, and approaches to waste sampling and characterizations. The Agency believes the regulated community and others will use the guidance when it is appropriate and beneficial to do so. The guidance has undergone extensive technical and peer review from EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), the American Society of Testing and Material (ASTM), and Academia, and is considered a useable tool. The guidance is not required, and does not replace any regulation or impose any regulatory requirement. Through this announcement, we are making it available to assist the public in addressing issues regarding waste sampling and characterization. Users of the guidance will still be obligated to follow regulations which govern any particular program.

Furthermore, the Agency believes the public will be pleased with the information contained in this document and will choose to use it immediately when appropriate to do so, because of the quality of information provided. The guidance promotes flexibility and cost effectiveness in achieving improved technologies in sampling design. Finally, the release of the guidance has been requested by the public for some time.

Therefore, we believe that this guidance will become an important part of the RCRA program, and will be helpful to users in sampling and characterizing waste streams. We are making the draft technical guidance available to the public on the Web and in the RCRA docket. Please see the instructions in section I.A of the proposed rule for obtaining information on the draft technical guidance via the EPA Internet website or the RCRA docket.

E. When Will the Guidance Be Finalized?

The guidance may be finalized through one of two courses of action. The Agency may place this guidance on a separate track of its own and finalize it soon after careful consideration of all comments received under this notice of availability. On the other hand, the Agency may announce the availability of the Final Technical Guidance as part of the Final Methods Innovation Rule (MIR) package. Depending on the extent of comments received, the process may take approximately fifteen months.

F. Request for Comment

The Agency developed the “RCRA Waste Sampling Draft Technical Guidance” for use by members of both the regulated community and regulating authorities. By making it available for public comment, we hope to encourage involvement in its development by all stakeholders. All portions of the document are open to comment. Your comments will help us improve the guidance and ensure that it is most beneficial to users. Follow the directions for submitting public comments given in section I.B of this proposed rule and notice of availability.

XII. State Authorization Procedures

A. Applicability of Federal Rules in Authorized States

Under section 3006 of RCRA, EPA may authorize qualified states to administer the RCRA hazardous waste program within the state. Following authorization, the state requirements authorized by EPA apply in lieu of equivalent Federal requirements and become Federally enforceable as requirements of RCRA. EPA maintains independent authority to bring enforcement actions under RCRA sections 3007, 3008, 3013, and 7003. Authorized states also have independent authority to bring enforcement actions under state law. A state may receive authorization by following the approval process described in 40 CFR part 271. 40 CFR part 271 also describes the overall standards and requirements for authorization.

After a state receives initial authorization, new Federal regulatory requirements promulgated under the authority in the RCRA statute which existed prior to the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) do not apply in that state until the state adopts and receives authorization for equivalent state requirements. The state must adopt such requirements to maintain authorization.

In contrast, under RCRA section 3006(g) (

i.e.

, 42 U.S.C. 6926(g)), new Federal requirements and prohibitions imposed pursuant to HSWA provisions take effect in authorized states at the same time that they take effect in unauthorized states. Although authorized states are still required to

update their hazardous waste programs to remain equivalent to the Federal program, EPA carries out HSWA requirements and prohibitions in authorized states, including the issuance of new permits implementing those requirements, until EPA authorizes the state to do so.

Finally, authorized states are required to modify their programs only when EPA promulgates Federal requirements that are more stringent or broader in scope than existing Federal requirements. RCRA section 3009 allows the states to impose standards more stringent than those in the Federal program.

See

also § 271.1(i). Therefore, authorized states are not required to adopt Federal regulations, both HSWA and non-HSWA, that are considered less stringent.

B. Authorization of States for Today's Proposal

Today's proposal affects many aspects of the RCRA Program and would be promulgated pursuant to both HSWA and non-HSWA statutory authority. Therefore, when promulgated, the Agency will add the rule to Table 1 in § 271.1(j), which identifies Federal regulations that are promulgated pursuant to the statutory authority that was added by HSWA. States may apply for final authorization for the HSWA provisions, as discussed in the following section of this preamble.

Today's proposed rule language provides standards that are equivalent to or less stringent than the existing provisions in the Federal regulations which they would amend. Therefore, States would not be required to adopt and seek authorization for this rulemaking. EPA would implement this rulemaking only in those states which are not authorized for the RCRA Program, and will implement provisions promulgated pursuant to HSWA only in those states which have not received authorization for the HSWA provision that would be amended. In authorized States, the changes will not be applicable until and unless the State revises its program to adopt the revisions. (Note: Procedures and deadlines for State program revisions are set forth in § 271.21.)

This rule will provide significant benefits to EPA, states, and the regulated community, without compromising human health or environmental protection. Because this rulemaking would not become effective in authorized states until they adopted and are authorized for it, EPA will strongly encourage states to amend their programs and seek authorization for today's proposal, once it becomes final.

C. Abbreviated Authorization Procedures

EPA considers today's proposal to be a minor rulemaking and is proposing to add it to the list of minor or routine rulemakings in Table 1 to § 271.21. Placement in this table would enable states to use the abbreviated procedures located in § 271.21(h) when they seek authorization for today's proposed changes after they are promulgated. These abbreviated procedures were established in the HWIR-media rulemaking (see 63 FR 65927, November 30, 1998). EPA requests comment on this placement in Table 1 to § 271.21.

XIII. Administrative Requirements

A. Executive Order 12866

Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), we must determine whether a proposed regulatory action is “significant,” and therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and the requirements of the Executive Order. The order defines a “significant regulatory action” as one that is likely to result in a rule that may:

(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more, adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or state, local, or tribal governments or communities;

(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency;

(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlement, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or

(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in this Executive Order.

OMB determined that this proposed rule is not a “significant regulatory action” under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is therefore not subject to OMB review and the requirements of the Executive Order.

B. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA or the Act), Pub. L. 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of UMRA, EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit analysis, for proposed rules and final rules with Federal mandates that may result in estimated costs to State, local, and tribal governments in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any one year. When such a statement is needed, section 205 of the Act generally requires EPA to identify and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives. Under section 205, EPA must adopt the least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule, unless the Administrator explains in the final rule why that alternative was not adopted. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Before EPA establishes regulatory requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including tribal governments, it must develop under section 203 of the Act a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, giving them meaningful and timely input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and advising them on compliance with the regulatory requirements.

First, this proposed rule does not contain a Federal mandate. The proposed rule imposes no enforceable duty on any State, local or tribal governments. This proposed rule contains no regulatory requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments. This is due to the fact that this rule does not add any new regulatory requirements and States need not adopt its revisions. This rule only revises certain regulatory sections to remove required uses of SW-846 methods and allow the use of other appropriate methods or to clarify allowed flexibility in method selection for meeting RCRA-related monitoring requirements. Under RCRA, regardless of the method used—the one specified in the regulation or the “other appropriate method”—regulated entities should be demonstrating that the method is appropriate for its intended use. This rule also does not propose new monitoring or information collection requirements. The additional flexibility allowed by this rule should result in improved data quality at reduced cost. Thus, today's proposed rule is not subject to the requirements of sections 202, 203 and 205 of UMRA.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.

The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory flexibility

analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions.

For purposes of assessing the impacts of today's rule on small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business that is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field as defined by Small Business Administration (SBA) regulations under Section 3 of the Small Business Act for SIC; (2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town, school district or special district with a population of less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field.

After considering the economic impacts of today's proposed rule on small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. In determining whether a rule has a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, the impact of concern is any significant adverse economic impact on small entities, since the primary purpose of the regulatory flexibility analyses is to identify and address regulatory alternatives “which minimize any significant economic impact of the proposed rule on small entities.” 5 U.S.C. 603 and 604. Thus, an agency may certify that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory burden, or otherwise has a positive economic effect on all of the small entities subject to the rule. Today's proposed rule, if finalized, is specifically intended to reduce economic burden for all entities. The proposed action will provide greater flexibility and utility to all effected entities, including small entities, by providing an increase in choices of appropriate analytical methods for RCRA applications. It does not create any new regulatory requirements or require any new reports beyond those now required by the revised regulations. In addition, its revisions need not be adopted by regulated entities. Such entities can continue to use the methods specified in the regulations instead of choosing the option to use appropriate methods from other reliable sources. We have therefore concluded that today's proposed rule will relieve regulatory burden for small entities. We continue to be interested in the potential impacts of the proposed rule on small entities and welcome comments on issues related to such impacts.

D. Environmental Justice (Executive Order 12898)

Executive Order 12898, “Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations,” February 11, 1994, requires that regulatory actions be accompanied by an environmental justice analysis. This analysis must look at potentially disproportionate impacts the action may have on minority and/or low-income communities.

The Agency has determined that the proposed action does not raise environmental justice concerns. The impact of this proposed rule, if finalized, will be to provide increased flexibility in the choice of appropriate analytical methods for RCRA applications. The Agency is not aware of any disproportionate impacts that such flexibility may have on minority and/or low-income communities.

E. Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (Executive Order 13045)

Executive Order 13045, “Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks” (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be “economically significant” as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health or safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.

This proposed rule is not subject to the Executive Order because it is not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866. Also, EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Order has the potential to influence the regulation. This proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not establish an environmental standard intended to mitigate health or safety risks. The action discussed in today's proposed rule is intended to provide regulatory relief, and thus is not strictly subject to Executive Order 13045.

F. Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments (Executive Order 13175)

Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249) entitled, “Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments” requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure “meaningful and timely input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies that have tribal implications. “Policies that have tribal implications” are defined in the Executive Order to include regulations that have “substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal government and Indian tribes.”

Today's proposed rule does not have tribal implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. For many of the same reasons described above under unfunded mandates, the requirements of the Executive Order do not apply to this proposed rulemaking. As stated above, this rule does not propose any new regulatory requirements and governments need not adopt it. It does not impose any direct compliance costs on tribal governments. In the spirit of Executive Order 13175, and consistent with EPA policy to promote communications between EPA and tribal governments, EPA specifically solicits additional comment on this proposed rule from tribal officials.

G. Federalism (Executive Order 13132)

Executive Order 13132, entitled “Federalism” (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure “meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.” “Policies that have federalism implications” is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations that have “substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.”

This proposed rule does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national

government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132. As explained above, today's proposed rule does not impose new requirements on the States and its regulatory changes need not be adopted by the States. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this rule. Because these changes are equivalent to or less stringent than the existing Federal program, states would not be required to adopt and seek authorization for them.

In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, and consistent with EPA policy to promote communications between EPA and State and local governments, EPA specifically solicits comment on this proposed rule from State and local officials.

H. National Technology Transfer And Advancement Act of 1995

Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (“NTTAA”), Pub. L. 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards (

e.g.

, materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and business practices) that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. The NTTAA directs us to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency decides not to use available and applicable voluntary consensus standards.

This proposed rule increases flexibility in the use of methods for RCRA-related analyses and does not itself identify or require the use of new methods or other technical standards. In fact, this rule, if finalized, may increase the use of available voluntary consensus standards for some RCRA applications, provided that such methods are appropriate for the regulatory application. The only technical standards included in this rule include the proposed replacement of obsolete references to voluntary consensus standards, in this case ASTM Methods D 3278-78 and D 93-79 or D 93-80 for flash point determinations, with references to the most recent versions of those methods, ASTM Methods D 3278-96 and D 93-99c, in the SW-846 methods (Methods 1010 and 1020). The recent versions of the methods are not significantly different from the older versions. EPA welcomes comments on this aspect of the proposed rulemaking.

I. Energy Effects (Executive Order 13211)

This proposed rule is not a “significant energy action” as defined in Executive Order 13211, “Actions Concerning Regulations that Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use” (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. Further, we have concluded that this proposed rule is not likely to have any adverse energy effects.

J. Paperwork Reduction Act

This action does not impose any new information collection burden. There are no additional reporting, notification, or recordkeeping provisions associated with today's proposed rule. However, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has previously approved the information collection requirements contained in some of the existing regulations being revised by this proposed rule, under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501

et seq.

, and has assigned OMB control numbers for those information collection requirements, as follows:

—40 CFR 258.28: OMB control number 2050-0122

—40 CFR 260.21 and 260.22: OMB control number 2050-0053

—40 CFR 261.3: OMB control number 2050-0085

—40 CFR 261.35: OMB control number 2050-0115

—40 CRF 264.1034, 264.1063, 265.1034, and 265.1063: OMB control number 2050-0050

—40 CFR 266.100, 266.102, 266.106, 266.112, Appendix IX to part 63, and 270.22: OMB control number 2050-0073

—40 CFR 270.19: OMB control number 2050-0009

—40 CFR 270.62: OMB control numbers 2050-0009 and 2050-0149

—40 CFR 270.66: OMB control numbers 2050-0073 and 2050-0149

—40 CFR 279.10, 279.44, 279.53 and 279.63: OMB control number 2050-0124

Copies of the ICR document(s) may be obtained from Sandy Farmer, by mail at the Office of Environmental Information, Collection Strategies Division; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2822); 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460, by e-mail at

farmer.sandy@epa.gov,

or by calling (202) 260-2740. A copy may also be downloaded off the Internet at

http://www.epa.gov/icr.

Include the ICR and/or OMB number in any correspondence.

Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.

An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 63

Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 258

Environmental protection, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Waste treatment and disposal, Water pollution control.

40 CFR Part 260

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business information, Hazardous waste, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 261

Environmental protection, Comparable fuels, syngas fuels, Excluded hazardous waste, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 264

Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous waste, Insurance, Packaging and containers, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Surety bonds.

40 CFR Part 265

Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous waste, Insurance, Packaging and containers, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Surety bonds, Water supply.

40 CFR Part 266

Environmental protection, Energy, Hazardous waste, Recycling, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 270

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business information, Hazardous materials transportation, Hazardous waste, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Water pollution control, Water supply.

40 CFR Part 271

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business information, Hazardous materials transportation, Hazardous waste, Indians-lands, Intergovernmental relations, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Water pollution control, Water supply.

40 CFR Part 279

Environmental protection, Petroleum, Recycling, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Dated: October 9, 2002.

Christine Todd Whitman,

Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

For the reasons set out in the preamble, title 40, Chapter I, of the Code of Federal Regulations EPA proposes to amend as set forth below:

PART 63—NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES

1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:

Authority:

42 U.S.C. 7401

et seq.

Subpart EEE—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Hazardous Waste Combustors

2. Section 63.1208 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(8) to read as follows:

§ 63.1208

What are the test methods?

(b) * * *

(8) Feedstream analytical methods. You may use any reliable analytical method to determine feedstream concentrations of metals, chlorine, and other constituents. It is your responsibility to ensure that the sampling and analysis procedures are unbiased, precise, and that the results are representative of the feedstream.

PART 258—CRITERIA FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS

3. The authority citation for part 258 continues to read as follows:

Authority:

33 U.S.C. 1345(d) and (e); 42 U.S.C 6902(a), 6907, 6912(a), 6944, 6945(c), and 6949a(c).

Subpart C—Operating Criteria

4. Section 258.28 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(1) to read as follows:

§ 258.28

Liquids restrictions.

(c) * * *

(1) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain “free liquids” as defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test), included in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods” (EPA Publication SW-846), incorporated by reference in § 260.11.

5. Appendix I to part 258 is amended by revising footnote 1 to read as follows:

Appendix I to Part 258—Constituents for Detection Monitoring

1

1

This list contains 47 volatile organics for which potentially applicable analytical procedures provided in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods” (EPA Publication SW-846) include Method 8260; and 15 metals for which SW-846 provides Methods 6010, and 6020, or the 7000 series of methods.

6. Appendix II to part 258 is revised as follows:

Appendix II to Part 258—List of Hazardous Inorganic and Organic Constituents

Ground-Water Monitoring List

Common name

1

CAS RN

2

Chemical abstracts service index name

3

Acenaphthene

83-32-9

Acenaphthylene, 1,2-dihydro-

Acenaphthylene

208-96-8

Acenaphthylene

Acetone

67-64-1

2-Propanone

Acetonitrile; Methyl cyanide

75-05-8

Acetonitrile

Acetophenone

98-86-2

Ethanone, 1-phenyl-

2-Acetylaminofluorene; 2-AAF

53-96-3

Acetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-yl-

Acrolein

107-02-8

2-Propenal

Acrylonitrile

107-13-1

2-Propenenitrile

Aldrin

309-00-2

1,4:5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene, 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro- 1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro- (1,4,4a,5,8,8a)-

Allyl chloride

107-05-1

1-Propene, 3-chloro-

4-Aminobiphenyl

92-67-1

[1,1′-Biphenyl]- 4-amine

Anthracene

120-12-7

Anthracene

Antimony

(Total)

Antimony

Arsenic

(Total)

Arsenic

Barium

(Total)

Barium

Benzene

71-43-2

Benzene

Benzo[a]anthracene; Benzanthracene

56-55-3

Benz[a]anthracene

Benzo[b]fluoranthene

205-99-2

Benz[e]acephenanthrylene

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

207-08-9

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

Benzo[ghi]perylene

191-24-2

Benzo[ghi]perylene

Benzo[a]pyrene

50-32-8

Benzo[a]pyrene

Benzyl alcohol

100-51-6

Benzenemethanol

Beryllium

(Total)

Beryllium

alpha-BHC

319-84-6

Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6- hexachloro-,(1α,2α,3β,4α,5β,6β)-

beta-BHC

319-85-7

Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6- hexachloro-,(1α,2β,3α,4β,5α,6β)-

delta-BHC

319-86-8

Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6- hexachloro-,(1α,2α,3α,4β,5α,6β)-

gamma-BHC; Lindane

58-89-9

Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6- hexachloro-,(1α,2α,3β,4α,5α,6β)-

Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane

111-91-1

Ethane, 1,1′-[methylenebis (oxy)]bis [2-chloro-

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether; Dichloroethyl ether

111-44-4

Ethane, 1,1′-oxybis[2-chloro-

Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether; 2,2′- Dichlorodiisopropyl ether; DCIP, See note 4

108-60-1

Propane, 2,2′-oxybis[1-chloro-

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

117-81-7

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester

Bromochloromethane; Chlorobromethane

74-97-5

Methane, bromochloro-

Bromodichloromethane; Dibromochlormethane

75-27-4

Methane, bromodichloro-

Bromoform; Tribromomethane

75-25-2

Methane, tribromo-

4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether

101-55-3

Benzene, 1-bromo-4-phenoxy-

Butyl benzyl phthalate; Benzyl butyl phthalate

85-68-7

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl phenylmethyl ester

Cadmium

(Total)

Cadmium

Carbon disulfide

75-15-0

Carbon disulfide

Carbon tetrachloride

56-23-5

Methane, tetrachloro-

Chlordane

57-74-9

4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro- 2,3,3a,4,7,7a- hexahydro-

p-Chloroaniline

106-47-8

Benzenamine, 4-chloro-

Chlorobenzene

108-90-7

Benzene, chloro-

Chlorobenzilate

510-15-6

Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro- -(4-chlorophenyl)- -hydroxy-, ethyl ester.

p-Chloro-m-cresol; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol

59-50-7

Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl-

Chloroethane; Ethyl chloride

75-00-3

Ethane, chloro-

Chloroform; Trichloromethane

67-66-3

Methane, trichloro-

2-Chloronaphthalene

91-58-7

Naphthalene, 2-chloro-

2-Chlorophenol

95-57-8

Phenol, 2-chloro-

4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether

7005-72-3

Benzene, 1-chloro-4-phenoxy-

Chloroprene

126-99-8

1,3-Butadiene, 2-chloro-

Chromium

(Total)

Chromium

Chrysene

218-01-9

Chrysene

Cobalt

(Total)

Cobalt

Copper

(Total)

Copper

m-Cresol; 3-Methylphenol

108-39-4

Phenol, 3-methyl-

o-Cresol; 2-Methylphenol

95-48-7

Phenol, 2-methyl-

p-Cresol; 4-Methylphenol

106-44-5

Phenol, 4-methyl-

Cyanide

57-12-5

Cyanide

2,4-D; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

94-75-7

Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-

4,4′-DDD

72-54-8

Benzene 1,1′-(2,2-dichloroethylidene) bis[4-chloro-

4,4′-DDE

72-55-9

Benzene, 1,1′-(dichloroethenylidene) bis[4- chloro-

4,4′-DDT

50-29-3

Benzene, 1,1′-(2,2,2- trichloroethylidene) bis[4-chloro-

Diallate

2303-16-4

Carbamothioic acid, bis(1- methylethyl)-, S- (2,3-dichloro-2-propenyl) ester.

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

53-70-3

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

Dibenzofuran

132-64-9

Dibenzofuran

Dibromochloromethane;Chlorodibromomethane

124-48-1

Methane, dibromochloro-

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane;

96-12-8

Propane, DBCP 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-

1,2-Dibromoethane; Ethylene dibromide; EDB

106-93-4

Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-

Di-n-butyl phthalate

84-74-2

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester

o-Dichlorobenzene; 1,2-Dichlorobenzene

95-50-1

Benzene, 1,2-dichloro-

m-Dichlorobenzene; 1,3-Dichlorobenzene

541-73-1

Benzene, 1,3-dichloro-

p-Dichlorobenzene; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene

106-46-7

Benzene, 1,4-dichloro-

3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine

91-94-1

[1,1′-Biphenyl]-4,4′- diamine, 3,3′-dichloro-

trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene

110-57-6

2-Butene, 1,4-dichloro-, (E)-

Dichlorodifluoromethane; CFC 12

75-71-8

Methane, dichlorodifluoro-

1,1-Dichloroethane; Ethyldidene chloride

75-34-3

Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-

1,2-Dichloroethane; Ethylene dichloride

107-06-2

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-

1,1-Dichloroethylene; 1,1-Dichloroethene; Vinylidene chloride

75-35-4

Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene; cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

156-59-2

Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-(Z)-

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene; trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

156-60-5

Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-, (E)-

2,4-Dichlorophenol

120-83-2

Phenol, 2,4-dichloro-

2,6-Dichlorophenol

87-65-0

Phenol, 2,6-dichloro-

1,2-Dichloropropane

78-87-5

Propane, 1,2-dichloro-

1,3-Dichloropropane; Trimethylene dichloride

142-28-9

Propane, 1,3-dichloro-

2,2-Dichloropropane; Isopropylidene chloride

594-20-7

Propane, 2,2-dichloro-

1,1-Dichloropropene

563-58-6

1-Propene, 1,1- dichloro-

cis-1,3-Dichloropropene

10061-01-5

1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-, (Z)-

trans-1,3-Dichloropropene

10061-02-6

1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-, (E)-

Dieldrin

60-57-1

2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth [2,3-b]oxirene, 3,4,5,6,9,9- hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a- octahydro-, (1aα

2β, 2aα, 3β, 6β, 6aα, 7β,7aα

)-

Diethyl phthalate

84-66-2

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester

O,O-Diethyl O-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate; Thionazin

297-97-2

Phosphorothioic acid, O,O- diethyl O-pyrazinyl ester.

Dimethoate

60-51-5

Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-dimethyl S-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl] ester

p-(Dimethylamino)azobenzene

60-11-7

Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-(phenylazo)-

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

57-97-6

Benz[a]anthracene, 7,12- dimethyl-

3,3′-Dimethylbenzidine

119-93-7

[1,1′-Biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine, 3,3′-dimethyl-

alpha, alpha-Dimethylphenethylamine

122-09-8

Benzeneethanamine,α, α-dimethyl-

2,4-Dimethylphenol; m-Xylenol

105-67-9

Phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-

Dimethyl phthalate

131-11-3

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester

m-Dinitrobenzene

99-65-0

Benzene, 1,3-dinitro-

4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol; 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol

534-52-1

Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-

2,4-Dinitrophenol

51-28-5

Phenol, 2,4-dinitro-

2,4-Dinitrotoluene

121-14-2

Benzene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitro-

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

606-20-2

Benzene, 2-methyl-1,3-dinitro-

Dinoseb; DNBP; 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol

88-85-7

Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6- dinitro-

Di-n-octyl phthalate

117-84-0

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester

Diphenylamine

122-39-4

Benzenamine, N-phenyl-

Disulfoton

298-04-4

Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O- diethyl S-[2- (ethylthio)ethyl] ester

Endosulfan I

959-98-8

6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodiox- athiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro- 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide,

Endosulfan II

33213-65-9

6,9-Methano-2,4,3- benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro- 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide, (3α, 5aα, 6β, 9β, 9aα)-

Endosulfan sulfate

1031-07-8

6,9-Methano-2,4,3- benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro- 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3,3-dioxide

Endrin

72-20-8

2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3- b]oxirene, 3,4,5,6,9,9- hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a- octahydro-, (1aα, 2β, 2aβ, 3α, 6α, 6aβ, 7β, 7aα)-

Endrin aldehyde

7421-93-4

1,2,4-Methe nocyclo- penta[cd] pentalene- 5-carboxaldehyde,2,2a,3,3,4,7- hexa-chlorodecahydro-,(1α, 2β, 2aβ, 4β,4aβ,5β,6aβ,6bβ,7R*)-

Ethylbenzene

100-41-4

Benzene, ethyl-

Ethyl methacrylate

97-63-2

2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester

Ethyl methanesulfonate

62-50-0

Methanesulfonic acid, ethyl ester

Famphur

52-85-7

Phosphorothioic acid, O-[4- [(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]pheny l]-O,O-dimethyl ester

Fluoranthene

206-44-0

Fluoranthene

Fluorene

86-73-7

9H-Fluorene

Heptachlor

76-44-8

4,7-Methano-1H-indene,1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-

Heptachlor epoxide

1024-57-3

2,5-Methano-2H-indeno[1,2- b]oxirene, 2,3,4,5,6,7,7- heptachloro-1a,1b,5,5a,6,6a,- hexahydro-,(1aα,1bβ,2α,5α,5aβ,6β,6aα)

Hexachlorobenzene

118-74-1

Benzene, hexachloro-

Hexachlorobutadiene

87-68-3

1,3-Butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4- hexachloro-

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

77-47-4

1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-

Hexachloroethane

67-72-1

Ethane, hexachloro-

Hexachloropropene

1888-71-7

1-Propene, 1,1,2,3,3,3- hexachloro-

2-Hexanone; Methyl butyl ketone

591-78-6

2-Hexanone

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

193-39-5

Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene

Isobutyl alcohol

78-83-1

1-Propanol, 2-methyl-

Isodrin

465-73-6

1,4,5,8- Dimethanonaphthalene,1,2,3,4,1 0,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a hexahydro-(1α,4α,4aβ,5β,8β,8aβ)-

Isophorone

78-59-1

2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 3,5,5- trimethyl-

Isosafrole

120-58-1

1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(1-propenyl)-

Kepone

143-50-0

1,3,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobuta- [cd]pentalen-2-one, 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6- decachlorooctahydro-

Lead

(Total)

Lead

Mercury

(Total)

Mercury

Methacrylonitrile

126-98-7

2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-

Methapyrilene

91-80-5

1,2,Ethanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N′-2- pyridinyl- N′-(2-thienylmethyl)-

Methoxychlor

72-43-5

Benzene, 1,1′- (2,2,2,trichloroethylidene)bis [4-methoxy-

Methyl bromide; Bromomethane

74-83-9

Methane, bromo-

Methyl chloride; Chloromethane

74-87-3

Methane, chloro-

3-Methylcholanthrene

56-49-5

Benz[j]aceanthrylene, 1,2- dihydro-3-methyl-

Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK; 2-Butanone

78-93-3

2-Butanone

Methyl iodide; Iodomethane

74-88-4

Methane, iodo-

Methyl methacrylate

80-62-6

2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester

Methyl methanesulfonate

66-27-3

Methanesulfonic acid, methyl ester

2-Methylnaphthalene

91-57-6

Naphthalene, 2-methyl-

Methyl parathion; Parathion methyl

298-00-0

Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-dimethyl

4-Methyl-2-pentanone; Methyl isobutyl ketone

108-10-1

2-Pentanone, 4-methyl-

Methylene bromide; Dibromomethane

74-95-3

Methane, dibromo-

Methylene chloride; Dichloromethane

75-09-2

Methane, dichloro-

Naphthalene

91-20-3

Naphthalene

1,4-Naphthoquinone

130-15-4

1,4-Naphthalenedione

1-Naphthylamine

134-32-7

1-Naphthalenamine

2-Naphthylamine

91-59-8

2-Naphthalenamine

Nickel

(Total)

Nickel

o-Nitroaniline; 2-Nitroaniline

88-74-4

Benzenamine, 2-nitro-

m-Nitroaniline; 3-Nitroaniline

99-09-2

Benzenamine, 3-nitro-

p-Nitroaniline; 4-Nitroaniline

100-01-6

Benzenamine, 4-nitro-

Nitrobenzene

98-95-3

Benzene, nitro-

o-Nitrophenol; 2-Nitrophenol

88-75-5

Phenol, 2-nitro-

p-Nitrophenol; 4-Nitrophenol

100-02-7

Phenol, 4-nitro-

N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine

924-16-3

1-Butanamine, N-butyl-N-nitroso-

N-Nitrosodiethylamine

55-18-5

Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-nitroso-

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

62-75-9

Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine

86-30-6

Benzenamine, N-nitroso-N-phenyl-

N-Nitrosodipropylamine; N-Nitroso-N-dipropylamine; Di-n-propylnitrosamine

621-64-7

1-Propanamine, N-nitroso-N-propyl-

N-Nitrosomethylethalamine

10595-95-6

Ethanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-

N-Nitrosopiperidine

100-75-4

Piperidine, 1-nitroso-

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine

930-55-2

Pyrrolidine, 1-nitroso-

5-Nitro-o-toluidine

99-55-8

Benzenamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro-

Parathion

56-38-2

Phosphorothioic acid, O,O- diethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester

Pentachlorobenzene

608-93-5

Benzene, p

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