IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT MAY 29-2020

FILED

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT MAY 29-2020

FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS CLERK, U.S. DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

EAST ST. LOUIS OFFICE

IN RE: )

COURT OPERATIONS AND )

THE USE OF VIDEO AND )

TELECONFERENCING DURING THE ) Administrative Order No. 266

EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES )

CREATED BY THE COVID-19 VIRUS.)

SECOND AMENDED ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

This second amended omnibus Administrative Order amends and supersedes

Administrative Order No. 266, dated May 12, 2020,1 relative to cases and proceedings

before the District Court, the use of video and teleconferencing, and the operation of the

federal courthouses in East St. Louis and Benton, Illinois, during the continuing exigent

circumstances created by the COVID-19 virus. Bankruptcy Court proceedings also are

addressed below. This second amendment of Administrative Order No. 266 details a

phased reopening of the courthouses and resumption of operations.

I. Implementation of the COOP/COVID-19 Plan

The current COVID-19 outbreak has impacted the Southern District of Illinois, all

50 states, and countries around the world. Although for many this disease appears to

cause only flu-like symptoms, for others it can pose a serious risk, even death. There is

currently no vaccine to prevent COVID-19. On March 29, 2020, the Judicial Conference of

the United States declared that emergency conditions caused by the COVID-19 outbreak

are materially affecting, and will continue to materially affect, the functioning of the

1 Administrative Order No. 266 (and subsequent amendments) supplant Second Amended Administrative

Order No. 261 dated April 1, 2020, Amended Administrative Order No. 262 dated April 1, 2020, and

Administrative Order No. 263 dated March 30, 2020.

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federal courts generally. The rate of contamination in the 38 counties comprising this

district is declining, but the Center for Disease Control (“CDC”) has stressed the need to

continue practicing measures such as teleworking, wearing masks, and social distancing.

The CDC and local public health officials have advised that the best way to prevent

illness is to avoid opportunities for exposure. The virus is thought to spread mainly from

person-to-person, particularly between people who are in close proximity with one

another (within 6 feet) and through contact with contaminated surfaces. The Court finds,

for the reasons stated, that under The Federal Judiciary COVID-19 Recovery Guidelines

issued by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts on May 7, 2020, it can

begin a phased reopening of the courthouses at this time, but it must apply recommended

social distancing measures to protect the health of litigants, counsel, witnesses, the public,

and court personnel.

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the undersigned Chief Judge and chair of the

district's Security Committee—after consultation with the judges of this district, the

United States Marshals Service, the Federal Protective Service, and the General Services

Administration building managers—activates and implements the district’s

COOP/COVID-19 Plan, effective through August 1, 2020. In accordance with the Plan,

and pursuant to 41 C.F.R. § 102-74.375(b), access to the federal courthouses in East St.

Louis and Benton will be limited, and the operations of the District Court, Bankruptcy

Court, and the Probation and Pretrial Services Office will be altered accordingly.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, consistent with the COOP/COVID-19 Plan, and

after consultation with the Human Resources Division of the Administrative Office of the

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United States Courts, all employees of the District Court are directed to telework until

July 5, 2020, except when directed by their supervisor to report to the courthouse. All

District Court employees who, after consultation with their supervisor, are deemed

unable to telework or perform alternate duties, will be placed on administrative leave.

II. Courthouse Restrictions

It is ORDERED that through July 5, 2020:

The federal courthouses in East St. Louis and Benton will be CLOSED to the

public, subject to exceptions for special settings, as ordered by the Court. No

members of the public, other than litigants with a scheduled proceeding,

counsel of record in that matter, law enforcement having official duties

connected with a court proceeding, investigators or employees of counsel,

court interpreters and contract court reporters, credentialed press, and those

otherwise authorized to enter on official business, may enter the U.S. District

Courthouses in East St. Louis and Benton without prior permission from a

judge of this district, the Clerk of Court, the Probation and Pretrial Services

Office, or other agency housed in the courthouse(s).

Until further order of the Court the following restrictions and protocols shall

apply:

e Allpersons seeking entry to, or occupying the courthouse, must wear a face

covering or mask in the public areas of the courthouses; this includes the

lobby, elevator banks, restrooms, public corridors, and, unless excused by

the presiding judge, courtrooms. The face covering or mask must always

completely conceal the wearer's nose and mouth. Personnel working in a

private office or workspace that permits at least six feet of physical distance

from other persons may temporarily remove the face covering or mask.

The only persons excepted from this requirement are those who provide

documentation that they are unable, for medical reasons, to wear a face

covering.

e Any person falling into one of the following categories SHALL NOT ENTER

either courthouse:

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* People with these symptoms or combinations of symptoms

within the last 14 days:

* Cough

* Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

Or at least two of these symptoms:

e Fever

¢ Chills

¢ Muscle pain

¢ Headache

e Sore throat

e New loss of taste or smell

¢ Persons who have been diagnosed with or have had contact with

anyone who has been diagnosed with COVID-19 within the last

14 days.

¢ Persons who have been asked to self-quarantine by any doctor,

hospital, or health agency within the last 14 days.

e The Federal Protective Service and Court Security Officers will enforce the

posted building restrictions. Visitors must review signage regarding the

criteria for exclusion from the courthouse and answer whether they meet

the criteria for restriction. Those answering “yes” to the criteria for

restriction will be denied access to the courthouse. Visitors who visibly

appear to have the symptoms listed above will also be denied entry to the

building. All other security requirements for entrance, such as showing

proper identification and passing through a magnetometer, remain in

effect.

e Visitors are expected to perform hand hygiene at the point of entry, and

practice social distancing while in the courthouse. Hand sanitizer will also

be available throughout the building.

e Visitors will be asked to leave if they do not follow these standards or

maintain social distancing as directed, and may be found in contempt of

Court.

e Members of the public not permitted access to the courthouse may call for

assistance:

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East St. Louis District Court Help Desk: 866-867-3169

Benton District Court Help Desk: 866-222-2104

East St. Louis Bankruptcy Court: 618-482-9400

Benton Bankruptcy Court: 618-435-2200

East St. Louis United States Marshals Service: 618-482-9336

Benton United States Marshals Service: 618-439-7701

Federal Public Defender’s Office: 314-496-3883 or 618-910-7427

e Additional information will be posted on each Court or agency’s public

webpage.

e All public events and ceremonies, such as school tours and civic events, are

canceled, subject to being reset.

Ill. The CARES Act and Criminal Proceedings

Section 15002(b) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act

(“CARES Act”), H.R. 748 (2020), provides for video teleconferencing, or telephone

conferencing if video teleconferencing is not reasonably available, for certain criminal

proceedings, if the Judicial Conference of the United States finds that emergency

conditions caused by the COVID-19 outbreak will materially affect the functioning of

either the federal courts generally or a particular district court, and the chief judge of a

court covered by that finding authorizes video teleconferencing, or telephone

conferencing if video teleconferencing is not reasonably available. Additional case-bycase findings are required of the presiding judge relative to felony pleas and sentencings.

In any event, video teleconferencing and telephone conferencing can only occur with the

consent of the defendant.

The Court finds, for the reasons stated above relative to the Implementation of the

COOP/COVID-19 Plan, that it cannot apply the recommended social distancing

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measures in all situations without endangering the health of defendants, counsel, the

public, and court personnel, thereby necessitating the use of video teleconferencing, or

telephone conferencing if video teleconferencing is not reasonably available. As of the

date of this Order, telephone conferencing has been tested and is operational, and a

stable, secure video teleconferencing system is available in some, but not all,

circumstances.

Effective immediately, the Court AUTHORIZES the use of video

teleconferencing, or telephone conferencing if video teleconferencing is not reasonably

available, for the following criminal proceedings, as specified in the CARES Act:

Detention hearings under 18 U.S.C. § 3142;

Initial appearances under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 5;

Preliminary hearings under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 5.1;

Waivers of Indictment under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 7(b);

Arraignments under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 10;

Probation and supervised revocation proceedings under Federal Rule of

Criminal Procedure 32.1;

e Pretrial release revocation proceedings under 18 U.S.C. § 3148;

e Appearances under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 40;

e Misdemeanor pleas and sentencings under Federal Rule of Criminal

Procedure 43(b)(2);

e Proceedings under 18 U.S.C. § 403 (commonly known as the “Federal

Juvenile Delinquency Act’), except for contested transfer hearings and

juvenile delinquency adjudication or trial proceedings

The video teleconferencing or telephone conferencing authorized above may only

take place with the consent of the defendant, or the juvenile, after consulting with

counsel.

Further, the Court, sua sponte, specifically finds that felony pleas under Federal

Rule of Criminal Procedure 11 and felony sentencings under Federal Rule of Criminal

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Procedure 32 cannot be conducted in person without seriously jeopardizing public health

and safety. In accordance with the CARES Act, these proceedings are authorized to be

conducted by video teleconference, or by telephone conference if video conference is not

reasonably available, if the district judge in a particular case finds for specific reasons that

the plea or sentencing in that case cannot be further delayed without serious harm to the

interests of justice. The video teleconferencing or telephone conferencing of felony pleas

under Rule 11 and felony sentencings under Rule 32 may only take place with the consent

of the defendant, or the juvenile, after consulting with counsel.

Information detailing how to access any audio and/or video feed of court

proceedings will be posted in the notice of setting on a case-by-case basis, and general

information will be published on the district court's public web page,

www.ilsd.uscourts.gov. The minutes of the proceeding will reflect when video

teleconferencing and/or telephone conferencing is utilized.

IV. Video and Teleconferencing for the Public and Press

In any traditional in-court proceeding —civil or criminal—that is conducted via

video teleconference or telephone conference due to the exigent circumstances stemming

from the COVID-19 outbreak, audio and video feeds will be available to the public and

press to the extent practicable. Information detailing how to access any audio and/or

video feed of court proceedings will be posted in the notice of setting on a case-by-case

basis, and general information will be published on the district court’s public web page.

Members of the public and press are expected to mute their end of the line and to not

disrupt proceedings in any way. All rules and prohibitions on the recording of

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proceedings remain in effect. See ILSD Local Rule 83.5.

In the event a defendant in a criminal case does not consent to the use of video

teleconferencing or telephone conferencing under Sections 15002(b)(1-2) of the CARES

Act, credentialed members of the press and public may attend such hearings in person in

accordance with this Order, provided social distancing can be maintained. At the

discretion of the presiding judge, principal participants and the public and press may be

physically segregated from each other, including utilizing multiple rooms, and video

teleconferencing and/or telephone conferencing. Social distancing protocols will be

required in all proceedings, and the number of in-person participants may be limited

based on the capacity of the room, and in consideration of CDC guidance on social

distancing. Courtroom spectators are reminded that there are health and safety risks

associated with attending an in-person court hearing.

The Court recognizes that the public and the press have a qualified First

Amendment right of access to certain court proceedings and that the use of video

teleconferencing and/or telephone conferencing may implicate that right. Nonetheless,

for the reasons set forth herein, the Court finds that these procedures are necessitated by

the emergency conditions caused by COVID-19 and must be implemented to prevent the

spread of the COVID-19 virus. See Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 478 U.S. 1, 9

(1986); Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 464 U.S. 501, 510 (1984); Walton v. Briley, 361

F.3d 431, 433 (7th Cir. 2004).

V. District Court Filings and Proceedings

¢ Through July 5, 2020, while the courthouses are closed to the public, filings will

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continue to be processed in civil and criminal cases via the Case

Management/ Electronic Case Filing (“CM/ECF”) system. For those without

access to CM/ECF, documents may be submitted by mail, or in the event of

emergency, may be submitted by email to:

Emergency Filing@ilsd.uscourts.gov. All emergency filings must include an

email address and phone number where the filer may be reached. Filings

submitted by mail will be processed upon receipt, albeit at a delayed pace. (The

impact of this delay is addressed below.) Payments by attorneys utilizing the

CM/ECF system will be processed via credit card utilizing Pay.gov. Nonattorneys may make payments via credit card by calling the Clerk’s Offices in

East St. Louis or Benton on Tuesdays and Thursdays between 9:00 a.m. and

noon. Payments by check or money order will be accepted by mail and will be

processed upon receipt, albeit at a delayed pace. Cash payments will not be

accepted during this period of exigent circumstances. Any pro se litigant filing

a case via mail who cannot secure a check or money order should submit his

or her filing by mail, and the Clerk’s Office will send a notice directing payment

be submitted after the courthouses reopen. Any questions may be directed to:

e East St. Louis District Court Help Desk: 866-867-3169

e Benton District Court Help Desk: 866-222-2104

Messages will be returned during business hours (9:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m.)

No civil jury trials will occur before August 1, 2020, due the Court's inability

to obtain an adequate spectrum of jurors, and the effect of public health

recommendations and restrictions on the availability of defendants, counsel,

witnesses, and court staff to be present in the courtroom. Between June 1 and

July 5, 2020, all other civil matters, including bench trials, hearings, and

settlement conferences, may be scheduled as necessary for an in-court

appearance before any district or magistrate judge in the East St. Louis or

Benton courthouses. Judges also shall have discretion to utilize

videoconferencing or telephone conferencing and will send the appropriate

notice to counsel.

In all civil cases, all deadlines, whether set by the Court, the Federal Rules of

Civil Procedure, or Local Rules, remain as set as of the date of this Order. More

specifically, deadlines previously extended by Administrative Orders Nos.

261, 262, and 263 (and any subsequent amendments) are not extended further

by this omnibus Order. Administrative Orders Nos. 261, 262, and 263 (and any

subsequent amendments), and this omnibus Order do not grant an extension

of any deadlines imposed by Civil Rules 50(b) or (d), 52(b), 59(b), (d), or (e),

or 60(b). See Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(2). If the COVID-19 public emergency results

in the Clerk’s Office being inaccessible, deadlines will be extended as set forth

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in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 6(a)(3). Litigants are cautioned that

Administrative Orders Nos. 261, 262, and 263 (and any subsequent

amendments), and this omnibus Order do not affect the rights to, or

deadlines concerning, any appeal from any decision of this Court. The

deadlines for filing a notice of appeal remain in place and must be followed

to preserve appellate rights. The Court invites parties to file an extension of

time to appeal under Appellate Rule 4(a)(5)(A) no later than 30 days after the

time prescribed by Rule 4(a). If a timely extension motion is filed, then the

Court deems that good cause exists for the extension in light of current public

health concerns. If a filing is mailed by a prisoner, the traditional “mail box”

rule shall govern its filing date. Given the public health emergency and the

current inability of the Clerk’s Office to process mail in the ordinary course, if

a filing is mailed by a non-prisoner, the filing date shall be deemed to be the

postmark date, subject to any party’s right to move that a different date be

used.

This Order does not affect the Court's consideration of civil or criminal motions

that can be resolved without in-court proceedings. The presiding judge, on a

case-by-case basis and for good cause shown, may extend, shorten, or revoke

any deadline previously extended by Administrative Orders Nos. 261, 262, and

263 (and any subsequent amendments).

Any requirement imposed by this U.S. District Court that the United States

Marshals Service, or anyone contracted on its behalf, effect personal service of

process under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(c)(3), 28U.S.C. § 1915(d), or

28 U.S.C. § 1916, for any cases pending in this district or any other district, is

SUSPENDED until July 5, 2020. This Order does not apply to service of

process by mail, waivers of service under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(d),

or service by electronic means, unless otherwise ordered by the Court. In any

civil case in which the United States Marshals Service has suspended the

service of process under this Order, the time for service under Federal Rule of

Civil Procedure 4(m) is TOLLED until August 1, 2020.

With regard to criminal matters before the Court, the Court shall have

discretion to quash any previously issued arrest warrant and instead issue a

summons.

The Court further FINDS that any delay incurred in arrestees being brought

before a magistrate judge pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 5(a)

during this period of time, by its nature, to be a necessary delay to protect all

parties, counsel, and the public, as well as jail and court staff. Provisions of the

Speedy Trial Act are not triggered until “the filing date (and making public) of

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the information or indictment” or “from the date the defendant has appeared

before a judicial officer of the court in which [the] charge is pending” —

whichever date last occurs. 18 U.S.C. § 3161(c)(1).

Magistrate judges shall provisionally appoint the Office of the Federal Public

Defender on any new or recent arrests in cases where counsel has not appeared,

subject to being vacated if the individual is later determined to not be indigent.

Any such appointment will, of course, be vacated if private counsel enters an

appearance on behalf of a defendant.

The United States Marshals Service is DIRECTED to not transport any

individuals subject to a writ of habeas corpus to the district between now and

July 5, 2020, unless directed to do so by the Court.

If any defendant and his/her counsel or the United States Attorney seeks an

immediate in-person hearing before a magistrate judge before July 5, 2020—as

is his right—counsel shall file a motion making the request and stating the

reason an immediate hearing is needed. When possible, the motion shall be

designated as a joint motion. If a joint request is not feasible, the magistrate

judge will impose a short deadline for a response. Any motions requesting a

hearing shall be brought to the immediate attention of the appropriate

magistrate judge’s chambers. Magistrate judges will decide on a case-by-case

basis whether the circumstances call for an emergency hearing and, if deemed

appropriate, a hearing will be set by the magistrate judge.

Any emergency hearing required before July 5, 2020, will be held remotely by

video conferencing if the defendant consents pursuant to Federal Rule of

Criminal Procedure 5(f) and the terms of this Order. The Court will accept

verbal consents on the record when the hearing is held, thus it is not necessary

for counsel to secure a written waiver. Such requests should be made, for

instance, when there is an argument for immediate release of the defendant or

there is any other compelling reason that a hearing is absolutely necessary

before July 5, 2020. A transfer to a facility with established videoconferencing

may be necessary if a remote hearing is required and cannot be accomplished

according to the current placement designated by the United States Marshals

Service.

Only essential proceedings will occur between June 1 and July 5, 2020. Initial

appearances, arraignments, detention hearings, and proceedings where inperson attendance is constitutionally required are deemed essential and will be

conducted in person, absent any waiver permitted under the law and the terms

of this Order. As to all other criminal matters during this period, judges shall

have sole discretion to determine what proceedings should go forward, or

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whether videoconferencing or telephone conferencing can be utilized. Each

judge will so notify the affected parties and reset the matters as appropriate.

Delays will be kept to a minimum, particularly with respect to pretrial

detention. These continuances will not affect any other deadlines unless the

presiding judge so indicates.

Until further Order of the Court, all matters set for an in-person hearing,

counsel must make the necessary inquiries and notify the presiding judge and

opposing counsel if that attorney or any individuals the attorney intends to

bring to the courthouse meet any of the criteria for restriction from the

courthouse. The presiding judge will have sole discretion to determine whether

the proceeding should be delayed or can go forward, perhaps by alternative

means.

All detainees, upon arrival at the East St. Louis or Benton courthouses and

before appearance in Court, shall undergo screening for fever and other

outward signs of COVID-19 contamination; such screening shall be

administered by and/or at the direction of the United States Marshals Service

(USMS), or its agents or designees. The presiding judge must be notified if the

detainee exhibits risk factors. The judge shall have the discretion to order the

detainee returned to the facility from which he or she came. Video

teleconferencing and telephone conferencing and other technologies may also

be utilized as practicable, and participants in a hearing may be separated as

directed by the presiding judge in the interest of public health.

Due to the possibility that the Court's ability to obtain an adequate spectrum

of jurors will be reduced, and the effect of public health recommendations and

restrictions on the availability of defendants, counsel, witnesses, and court staff

to be present in the courtroom, no criminal jury trials will occur before August

1, 2020.

All change of plea and sentencing hearings will be set for a date after July 5,

2020, unless the presiding judge deems an earlier setting appropriate. A

defendant and/or counsel may file a motion requesting an emergency hearing

stating (1) the reason(s) why an emergency setting is necessary; and

(2) whether the defendant, after consultation with counsel, consents to hold the

hearing by video teleconference or telephone. Counsel also shall notify the

courtroom deputy clerk by phone that an emergency motion has been filed.

Any time period of the continuances implemented by this Administrative

Order or other Orders of the Court due to the COVID-19 crisis will be excluded

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under the Speedy Trial Act, as the Court specifically finds that the ends of

justice—in terms of the nationally recognized public health dangers and

constitutional aspects of summoning a jury—served by the continuances

outweigh the best interests of the public and any defendant's right to a speedy

trial pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §3161(h)(7)(A). All necessary Orders will be entered

in each case.

Deadlines in criminal cases, including motions, briefing, and discovery

deadlines, whether set by the Court, by the Federal Rules of Criminal

Procedure, the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, or Local Rules, are not

impacted by this omnibus Order, except to the extent they are triggered by a

setting or deadline that has been continued or canceled. Motions for extension

of time, and all other motions in criminal cases will be entertained by the Court

as usual.

All probation and supervised release revocation hearings will be scheduled by

the presiding judge to a date on or after July 5, 2020, unless an earlier setting is

deemed appropriate. The defendant, defense counsel, the United States

Probation Office, or the United States Attorney’s Office may request an earlier

hearing.

“The authority to convene or discharge a grand jury is vested in the District

Court.” Korman v. United States, 486 F.2d 926, 933 (7th Cir. 1973) (rejecting

special grand jury witnesses’ challenge to district court’s extension of the term

of the grand jury pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3331(a)) (internal citation omitted). In

accordance with the Court's finding that it is not currently possible to safely

summon an adequate pool of petit jurors, the Court now finds that the same

unacceptable health risks mentioned above are also present with respect to

grand jurors, counsel, court staff, and witnesses meeting in the courthouse for

grand jury proceedings. This danger warrants delaying the currently

scheduled grand jury proceedings. All grand jury sessions in this district set

between the date of this Order and June 8, 2020, are SUSPENDED until further

Order of the Court. During the period of delay, the respective Grand Juries are

not in session as the term is used in 18 U.S.C. § 3161(b).

Court Assistance Program (“CAP”) meetings are canceled until further notice.

The Central Violations Bureau dockets in East St. Louis and Benton is

continued until September 2020. The monthly dockets will be reset

accordingly. Payments will continue to be processed electronically

(instructions appear on each citation).

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e Naturalization ceremonies will not be conducted between now and July 5,

2020. Ceremonies will be reset in coordination with the United States Customs

and Immigration Service, provided social distancing can be maintained. If an

individual meets the criteria set forth in 8 U.S.C. § 1448(c) as qualifying for the

expedited administration of the judicial oath, and if that individual is seeking

a name change pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1448(e), the Court will arrange for

naturalization of that individual by a judicial officer.

e All judges and counsel are encouraged to utilize videoconferencing and

teleconferencing to the extent possible to avoid unnecessary disruption in the

cases. The Court recognizes that it is impossible to cover all possible

contingencies and that the situation remains fluid. This Order is therefore

designed to give the presiding judicial officers flexibility to address issues as

they arise while implementing necessary safeguards.

e Announcements regarding any further restrictions to Court services will be

posted on the District Court’s public webpage https: / / www.ilsd.uscourts.gov,

and attorneys will receive updates and notices via the CM/ECF system.

VI. Bankruptcy Court Filings and Proceedings

All scheduled bankruptcy hearings, including emergency matters, will be held

telephonically, unless specially set by the presiding judge for an in-person hearing. The

Court will provide call in information to the parties prior to the hearing. For those

without access to CM/ECF, documents may be submitted by mail, or in the event of

emergency, may be submitted by email to: ilsbwebmaster@ilsb.uscourts.gov. All

emergency filings must include an email address and phone number where the filer may

be reached.

VII. Probation and Pretrial Services

The United States Probation and Pretrial Services Office will continue to

investigate and supervise individuals as ordered by the Court.

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VIII. Expiration of this Order

The Court will closely monitor the COVID-19 outbreak and any changes to the

guidance offered by the CDC and local public health officials and make necessary

adjustments in the interest of public health and administration of justice. The Court will

vacate or amend this Administrative Order no later than July 31, 2020.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated this 29t day of May, 2020.

Tene M omit?

NANCY J. ROSENSTENGEL

Chief U.S. District Judge

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